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1.
  • Azad, A. K., et al. (författare)
  • Crystallographic and Magnetic Properties of the Spinel-type Ferrites ZnxCo1-xFe2O4 (0.0
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP Publishing LLC. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. - 9780735413047 ; 1660
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ultrahigh frequencies (UHF) have applications in signal and power electronics to minimize product sizes, increase production quantity and lower manufacturing cost. In the UHF range of 300 MHz to 3 GHz, ferrimagnetic iron oxides (ferrites) are especially useful because they combine the properties of a magnetic material with that of an electrical insulator. Ferrites have much higher electrical resistivity than metallic ferromagnetic materials, resulting in minimization of the eddy current losses, and total penetration of the electromagnetic (EM) field. Hence ferrites are frequently applied as circuit elements, magnetic storage media like read/write heads, phase shifters and Faraday rotators. The electromagnetic properties of ferrites are affected by operating conditions such as field strength, temperature and frequency. The spinel system ZnxCo1-xFe2O4 (x= 0.0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75) has been prepared by the standard solid state sintering method. X-ray and neutron powder diffraction measurements were performed at room temperature. Neutron diffraction data analysis confirms the cubic symmetry corresponding to the space group Fd3m. The distribution of three cations Zn2+, Co2+ and Fe3+ over the spinel lattice and other crystallographic parameters like lattice constant, oxygen position parameter, overall temperature factor and occupancies of different ions in different lattice sites for the samples have been determined from the analysis of neutron diffraction data. The lattice constant increases with increasing Zn content in the system. The magnetic structure was found to be ferrimagnetic for the samples with x
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2.
  • Hossain, S., et al. (författare)
  • Highly dense and chemically stable proton conducting electrolyte sintered at 1200 °C
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199. ; 43:2, s. 894-907
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.2−x Zn x O 3−δ (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) has been synthesized by the conventional solid state reaction method for application in protonic solid oxide fuel cell. The phase purity and lattice parameters of the materials have been studied by the room temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been done for check the morphology and grain growth of the samples. The chemical and mechanical stabilities have been done using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in pure CO 2 environment and thermomechanical analysis (TMA) in Argon atmosphere. The XRD of the materials show the orthorhombic crystal symmetry with Pbnm space group. The SEM images of the pellets show that the samples sintered at 1200 °C are highly dense. The XRD after TGA in CO 2 and thermal expansion measurements confirm the stability. The particles of the samples are in micrometer ranges and increasing Zn content decreases the size. The conductivity measurements have been done in 5% H 2 with Ar in dry and wet atmospheres. All the materials show high proton conductivity in the intermediate temperature range (400–700 °C). The maximum proton conductivity was found to be 1.0 × 10 −2 S cm −1 at 700 °C in wet atmosphere for x = 0.10. From our study, 10 wt % of Zn seems to be optimum at the B-site of the perovskite structure. All the properties studied here suggest it can be a promising candidate of electrolyte for IT-SOFCs.
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5.
  • Zakaria, A. K. M., et al. (författare)
  • Synthesis, cation distribution and crystal structure of the spinel oxides MnGaxFe1-xCrO4 by neutron diffraction
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Physica. B, Condensed matter. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-4526 .- 1873-2135. ; 385, s. 106-109
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The spinel system MnGaxFe1-xCrO4 (x = 0-0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0) was prepared by the solid state sintering method in air at 1523 K. X-ray and neutron powder diffraction measurements were performed on the samples at 295 K for structural characterization. Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction data revealed that all the samples of the series possessed cubic symmetry corresponding to the space group Fd3m. The distributions of the four cations Mn, Ga, Fe and Cr over the two sublattices and other crystallographic parameters were found. The lattice constant showed a decrease with increasing Ga content in the system. The magnetic structure at room temperature was found to be ferrimagnetic in the composition range x <= 0.50.
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6.
  • Abdalla, A. M., et al. (författare)
  • Nanomaterials for solid oxide fuel cells: A review
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0690 .- 1364-0321. ; 82, s. 353-368
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nanotechnology is utilized well in the development and improvement of the performance in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). The high operating temperature of SOFCs (700–900 °C) has resulted in serious demerits regarding their overall performance and durability. Therefore, the operating temperature has been reduced to an intermediate temperature range of approximately 400–700 °C which improved performance and, subsequently, commercialized SOFCs as portable power sources. However, at reduced temperature, challenges such as an increase in internal resistance of the fuel cell components arise. Although, this may not be as serious as problems encountered at high temperature, it still significantly affects the performance of SOFCs. This review paper addresses the work of researchers in the application of nanotechnology in fabricating SOFCs through distinct methods. These methods have successfully omitted or at least reduced the internal resistance and showed considerable improvement in power density of the SOFCs at reduced temperatures.
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7.
  • Afif, A., et al. (författare)
  • Advanced materials and technologies for hybrid supercapacitors for energy storage – A review
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Energy Storage. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-152X. ; 25:October 2019
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Supercapacitors have become the most significant energy conversion and storage system in recent renewable and sustainable nanotechnology. Due to its large energy capacity and supply with relatively short time and longer lifetime, supercapacitors breakthrough in advance energy applications. This review presents a comparative study of different materials, working principles, analysis, applications, advantages and disadvantages of various technologies available for supercapacitors. The aim of this article is to discuss the possibility of hybrid supercapacitor for the next generation of energy technology. The development of composite materials containing a wide range of active constituents (e.g., graphene, activated carbon, transition metals, metal oxides, perovskites and conducting polymers) by in-situ hybridization and ex-situ recombination is also discussed. This review consecrated largely the contribution of combining all materials (electrode and electrolyte) and their synthesis process and electrochemical performance. Enduringly, the potential issues and the perspectives for future research based on hybrid supercapacitors in energy applications are also presented.
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8.
  • Abdalla, A. M., et al. (författare)
  • NdBaMn2O5+delta layered perovskite as an active cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-8842. ; 43:17, s. 15932-15938
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A layered perovskite, NdBaMn2O5+delta (NBMO), was synthesized by solid state reaction method in air. Rietveld analysis of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) data showed the material crystallizing in orthorhombic symmetry (Pmmm space group). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to check the morphology and, the analysis of the micrographs exhibited a porous structure with in-situ growth of nanoparticles. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements from 600 degrees C to 800 degrees C shows the highest conductivity value of 1.17 x 10(-1) S/cm obtained at 800 degrees C with low activation energy (Ea) of 0.3 eV in air. In 5% H-2/Ar gas mixture, the conductivity and activation energy values were 1.97 x 10(-2) S/cm and 0.4 eV, respectively at 800 degrees C. The DC conductivity measurements also showed that this material is highly conductive in air with a conductivity value of 0.75 S/cm at 850 degrees C. Dual chamber fuel cell measurements on Ni-YSZ/YSZ/NBMO cell using 5% H-2/Ar as fuel (from 700 degrees C to 800 degrees C) showed a maximum power density of 0.202 W/cm(2) at 800 degrees C. The relatively high conductivity of the material in air and low activation energy makes it a potential candidate as cathode for solid oxide fuel cells.
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9.
  • Abdalla, Abdalla M., et al. (författare)
  • Synthesis and characterization of Sm1-xZrxFe1-yMgyO3 (x, y = 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) as possible electrolytes for SOFCs
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Key Engineering Materials. - 1013-9826 .- 1662-9795. ; 765 KEM, s. 49-53
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The novel perovskite oxide series of Sm 1-x Zr x Fe 1-y Mg y O 3 (x,y = 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) were synthesized by solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and conductivity analysis were carried out. XRD patterns of sintered materials revealed the shifted Bragg reflection to higher angle for the higher content of Zr and Mg. This is related to the ionic size of the dopant elements. Rietveld refinement showed that all compounds crystallized in cubic space group of Fm-3m. SEM images showed that the grains were well defined with highly dense surfaces makes it potential as an electrolyte material in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) or gases sensors. Impedance spectroscopy at 550-800 °C shows that conductivity is higher at higher temperature. Sm 0.5 Zr 0.5 Fe 0.5 Mg 0.5 O 3 shows the highest conductivity of 5.451 × 10 -3 S cm -1 at 800 °C. It was observed that 50% molar ratio of Mg and Zr doping performed highest conductivity.
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10.
  • Adaptive Mobile Robotics : Proceedings Of The 15th International Conference On Climbing And Walking Robots And The Support Technologies For Mobile Machines, Baltimore, USA, 23–26 July 2012
  • 2012
  • Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This book provides state-of-the-art scientific and engineering research findings and developments in the area of mobile robotics and associated support technologies. The book contains peer reviewed articles presented at the CLAWAR 2012 conference. Robots are no longer confined to industrial manufacturing environments. A great deal of interest is invested in the use of robots outside the factory environment. The CLAWAR conference series, established as a high profile international event, acts as a platform for dissemination of research and development findings and supports such a trend to address the current interest in mobile robotics to meet the needs of mankind in various sectors of the society. These include personal care, public health, services in the domestic, public and industrial environments. The editors of the book have extensive research experience and publications in the area of robotics in general and in mobile robotics specifically, and their experience is reflected in editing the contents of the book.
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11.
  • Afif, A., et al. (författare)
  • Ceramic fuel cells using novel proton-conducting BaCe 0.5 Zr 0.3 Y 0.1 Yb 0.05 Zn 0.05 O 3-δ electrolyte
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-0768 .- 1432-8488. ; 1:26, s. 111-120
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Protonic ceramic fuel cells have become extremely interesting due to their high power output at the intermediate temperature range (400–700 °C). Significant progress has been made to develop electrolyte materials, doped barium cerates-zirconate, which gets the leading role due to its high chemical stability and high ionic conductivity. Here, we present a new composition BaCe0.5Zr0.3Y0.1Yb0.05Zn0.05O3-δ (BCZYYbZn05), where addition of 5 mol% Zn with Ce, Zr, Y, and Yb at the B-site of the perovskite material shows high stability with high conductivity. The material was synthesized by solid-state reaction route at 1400 °C which showed 98% relative density. Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data reveal an orthorhombic structure with Pbnm space group. Thermogravimetric analysis shows about 1.06% weight loss from 200 to 1000 °C which is mainly related to the formation of the oxygen vacancies. In wet hydrogen atmosphere, this material shows higher conductivity and lower activation energy than dry hydrogen atmosphere indicates the conduction type as protonic conduction. The anode-supported single test cell based on this electrolyte material demonstrates peak power densities 649 mW cm−2 at 700 °C using conventional BSCF cathode, representing an important step toward commercially viable SOFC technology.
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12.
  • Afif, A., et al. (författare)
  • Electrochemical and structural characterization of BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.15 Y 0.1 Zn 0.05 O 3-δ as an electrolyte for SOFC-H
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: IET Conference Publications. ; 2018:CP750
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As a potential electrolyte for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC-Hs) and to get better protonic conductivity and stability, zinc doped BCZY material has been found to be promising. In this study, we report a new composition of proton conductors BaCe0.7Zr0.15Y01Zn0.05O3-s (BCZYZn10) which was investigated using XRD, SEM and conductivity measurements. Rietveld refinement of the XRD data revel a cubic perovskite structure with Pm-3m space group. Rietveld analysis of BaCe07Zr0.15Y01Zn0.05O3-5 shows the unit cell parameter is a = 4.3582(7) A. Scanning electron microscopy images shows that the grain sizes are large and compact which gives the sample high density and good protonic conductivity. The total conductivity in wet atmosphere is significantly higher than that of dry condition and the conductivity was found to be 0.004032 Scm-1 and 0.00164 Scm-1 at 600 °C in wet and dry Ar, respectively. This study indicated that perovskite electrolyte BCZYZn10 is a promising material for the next generation intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs).
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13.
  • Afif, A., et al. (författare)
  • Scheelite type Sr1−xBaxWO4 (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) for possible application in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell electrolytes
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322 .- 2045-2322. ; 9:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2019, The Author(s). Polycrystalline scheelite type Sr1−xBaxWO4 (x = 0.1, 0.2 & 0.3) materials were synthesized by the solid state sintering method and studied with respect to phase stability and ionic conductivity under condition of technological relevance for SOFC applications. All compounds crystallized in the single phase of tetragonal scheelite structure with the space group of I41/a. Room temperature X-ray diffraction and subsequent Rietveld analysis confirms its symmetry, space group and structural parameters. SEM illustrates the highly dense compounds. Significant mass change was observed to prove the proton uptake at higher temperature by TG-DSC. All compound shows lower conductivity compared to the traditional BCZY perovskite structured materials. SBW with x = 0.3 exhibit the highest ionic conductivity among all compounds under wet argon condition which is 1.9 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 1000 °C. Since this scheelite type compounds show significant conductivity, the new series of SBW could serve in IT-SOFC as proton conducting electrolyte.
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14.
  • Afif, A., et al. (författare)
  • Structural and electrochemical characterization of BaCe0.7Zr0.2Y0.05Zn0.05O3 as an electrolyte for SOFC-H
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. - 1757-8981 .- 1757-899X. ; 121:1
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As a potential electrolyte for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC-Hs) and to get better protonic conductivity and stability, zinc doped BCZY material has been found to be promising. In this study, we report a new composition of proton conductors BaCe0.7Zr0.2Y0.05Zn0.05O3 (BCZYZn5) which was investigated using XRD, SEM and conductivity measurements. Rietveld refinement of the XRD data revel a cubic perovskite structure with Pm-3m space group. BaCe0.7Zr0.2Y0.05Zn0.05O3 shows cell parameter a = 4.3452(9) Å. Scanning electron microscopy images shows that the grain sizes are large and compact which gives the sample high density and good protonic conductivity. The total conductivity in wet atmosphere is significantly higher than that of dry condition and the conductivity was found to be 0.276 × 10-3 Scm-1 and 0.204 × 10-3 Scm-1 at 600°C in wet and dry Ar, respectively. This study indicated that perovskite electrolyte BCZYZn5 is a promising material for the next generation intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs).
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15.
  • Afif, A., et al. (författare)
  • Structural study and proton conductivity in BaCe0.7Zr0.25-xYxZn0.05O3 (x=0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 & 0.25)
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199. ; 41:27, s. 11823-11831
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Solid oxide fuel cell (SOPC) has been considered to generate power represented by conductivity. Zinc doped Barium Cerium Zirconium Yttrium oxide (BCZYZn) has been found to offer high protonic conductivity and high stability as being electrolyte for proton conducting SOFCs. In this study, we report a new series of proton conducting materials, BaCe0.7Zr0.25-xYxZn0.05O3 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25). The materials were synthesized by solid state reaction route and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal expansion, particle size and impedance spectroscopy (IS). Rietveld analysis of the XRD data reveal a cubic perovskite structure with Pm-3m space group up to composition x = 0.15. For x = 0.15 and 0.20, the materials have structural phase change to orthorhombic in the Pbnm space group. Scanning electron microscopy images show high density materials. Thermal expansion measurements show that the thermal expansion coefficient is in the range 10.0-11.0 x 10(-6)/degrees C. Impedance spectroscopy shows higher ionic conduction under wet condition compared to dry condition. Y content of 25% (BCZYZn25) exhibits highest conductivity of 1.84 x 10(-2) S/cm in wet Argon. This study indicated that perovskite electrolyte BCZYZn is promising material for the next generation of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs).
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16.
  • Afroze, Shammya, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Insight of novel layered perovskite PrSrMn2O5+δ: A neutron powder diffraction study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Materials Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4979 .- 0167-577X. ; 261
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neutron diffraction is very important to characterizing complex oxide materials, especially for the light element position and occupancy. In this study, a new layered perovskite oxide material, PrSrMn2O5+δ, was prepared by the solid-state reaction method and characterized by using X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray diffraction data showed that the material adopted orthorhombic symmetry and Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction data gave accurate unit cell parameters (a = 3.8907 (1) Å, b = 3.8227 (1) Å, and c = 7.6846 (2) Å, atomic positions and space group (Pmmm)). Scanning electron microscopy showed a porous and interlinked microstructure. Thermogravimetric analysis exhibited two-stage weight losses up to 1000 °C from room temperature, indicating a good amount of oxygen losses and high material stability.
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17.
  • Afroze, Shammya, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Investigation of structural and thermal evolution in novel layered perovskite NdSrMn 2 O 5 + δ via neutron powder diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Chemical Engineering. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-806X .- 1687-8078. ; 2020
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neutron diffraction is one of the best methods for structural analysis of a complex, layered perovskite material with low symmetry by accurately detecting the oxygen positions through octahedral tilting. In this research, the crystal structure of NdSrMn2O5+δ was identified through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) at room temperature (RT), which indicated the formation of a layered structure in orthorhombic symmetry in the Pmmm (no. 47) space group. Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction data has confirmed the orthorhombic symmetry with unit cell parameters (a = 3.8367 (1) Å, b = 3.8643 (2) Å, and c = 7.7126 (1) Å), atomic positions, and oxygen occupancy. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed the total weight loss of about 0.10% for 20–950°C temperature, which occurred mainly to create oxygen vacancies at high temperatures. Rietveld analyses concurred with the XRD and neutron data allowing correlation of occupancy factors of the oxygen sites.
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18.
  • Afroze, Shammya, et al. (författare)
  • Latest development of double perovskite electrode materials for solid oxide fuel cells: a review
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Energy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2095-1698 .- 2095-1701. ; 13:4, s. 770-797
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recently, the development and fabrication of electrode component of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) have gained a significant importance, especially after the advent of electrode supported SOFCs. The function of the electrode involves the facilitation of fuel gas diffusion, oxidation of the fuel, transport of electrons, and transport of the byproduct of the electrochemical reaction. Impressive progress has been made in the development of alternative electrode materials with mixed conducting properties and a few of the other composite cermets. During the operation of a SOFC, it is necessary to avoid carburization and sulfidation problems. The present review focuses on the various aspects pertaining to a potential electrode material, the double perovskite, as an anode and cathode in the SOFC. More than 150 SOFCs electrode compositions which had been investigated in the literature have been analyzed. An evaluation has been performed in terms of phase, structure, diffraction pattern, electrical conductivity, and power density. Various methods adopted to determine the quality of electrode component have been provided in detail. This review comprises the literature values to suggest possible direction for future research.
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19.
  • Afroze, Shammya, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Neutron and X-ray powder diffraction data to determine the structural properties of novel layered perovskite PrSrMn2O5+δ
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 29
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The data presented in this article are related to the formation of a novel layered perovskite oxide material, PrSrMn2O5+δ, through a solid-state synthesis route. Here, we present the high-resolution neutron powder diffraction and the X-ray powder diffraction data at room temperature. The new perovskite material crystallizes in the orthorhombic symmetry. Interpretation of this data can be found in a research article titled “Insight of novel layered perovskite PrSrMn2O5+δ: A neutron powder diffraction study” (Shammya et al., 2019) [1].
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20.
  • Afroze, Shammya, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Structure-conductivity relationship of PrBaMnMoO 6-δ through in-situ measurements: A neutron diffraction study
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-8842 .- 1873-3956. ; 47:1, s. 541-546
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The structural and electrochemical properties of the double perovskite-type oxide, PrBaMnMoO6-δ, was investigated using neutron diffraction with in-situ conductivity measurement under a dry Argon atmosphere from 25 °C to 700 °C. A Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction data confirmed monoclinic symmetry in the P21/n space group. Rietveld refinement also confirms the unit cell parameters of a = 5.6567 (1) Å, b = 5.6065 (2) Å, c = 7.9344 (1) Å and β = 84.43° with reliable atomic positions and refinement factors (R-factors). Neutron diffraction data refinement shows two minor phases (<5%), an orthorhombic AB2O5 type phase of PrMn2O5 in the Pbam (No. 32) space group with unit cell parameters, a = 7.9672 (1) Å, b = 8.9043 (2) Å and c = 5.8540 (1) Å and a scheelite phase of BaMoO4 in the tetragonal I41/a (88) space group with the unit cell parameters, a = b = 5.9522 (1) Å, and c = 12.3211 (2) Å. Morphological images revealed a porous and intertwined microstructure. In-situ conductivity measurement shows that the total conductivity of this material was 130.84 Scm−1 at 700 °C.
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21.
  • Ahmed, Istaq, 1972, et al. (författare)
  • Crystal structure and proton conductivity of BaZr0.9Sc0
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of the American Ceramic Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-7820 .- 1551-2916. ; 91:9, s. 3039-3044
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Solid-state sintering has been used to prepare the perovskite BaZr0.9Sc0.1O3-delta. Analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data shows that an increase of the unit cell parameter, a, was observed after deuteration. Rietveld analysis of room-temperature neutron powder diffraction data confirmed cubic symmetry (space group Pm-3m). Dynamic thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the hydration process occurs below 335 degrees C and approximately 58% of the theoretical number of protonic defects can be filled. The presence of protons/deutrons is seen from the strong O-H/O-D stretch band in the infrared spectrum of the hydrated/deuterated samples. The proton conductivity of a prehydrated sample was investigated under dry and wet Ar atmospheres
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22.
  • Andreasson, Jakob, 1975, et al. (författare)
  • Franck-Condon higher order lattice excitations in the LaFe(1-x)Cr(x)O3 (x=0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 1.0) perovskites due to Fe-Cr charge transfer effects
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. ; 75, s. 104302-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • First and higher order lattice excitiations in the B-site disordered perovskites LaFe(1-x)Cr(x)O3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 1) and La(0.835)Sr(0.165)Fe(0.5)Cr(0.5)O(3-d) are investigated using temperature dependent and polarised inelastic light scattering [lambda = 515 nm (2.41 eV) and 676 nm (1.83 eV)] on oriented crystallites.A peak at approximately 2.4 eV in the imaginary part of the dielectric function of LaFe(0.5)Cr(0.5)O3 is assigned to a charge transfer from Fe 3+ (d5) to Cr 3+ (d3) ions and coupled the appearance of an intense Ag-like mode at approximately 700 cm-1 in the Raman data. This excitation is identified as a symmetric oxygen breathing mode activated by the Fe-Cr charge transfer through an orbital coupling mechanism. Higher order scattering (up to 7th order) of the intrinsic Raman active symmetric breathing mode is also explained by an orbital mediated, electron-phonon coupling, similar to the Franck-Condon effect observed in the Jahn-Teller active perovskite structured manganite LaMnO3. These results show that the Franck-Condon mechanism is a more common mechanism for resonant higher order scattering in solids than previously believed and propose the LaFe(1-x)Cr(x)O(3) system as a model system for electron-phonon coupling and higher order Raman scattering in solids.
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25.
  • Azad, A. K., et al. (författare)
  • Effect of Nd-doping on structural, thermal and electrochemical properties of LaFe0.5Cr0.5O3 perovskites
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Ceramics International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0272-8842. ; 42:3, s. 4532-4538
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The structural, thermal and electrochemical properties of the perovskite-type compound La1-xNdxFe0.5Cr0.5O3 (x=0.10, 0.15, 0.20) are investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermal expansion, thermal diffusion, thermal conductivity and impedance spectroscopy measurements. Rietveld refinement shows that the compounds crystallize with orthorhombic symmetry in the space group Pbnm. The average thermal expansion coefficient decreases as the content of Nd increases. The average coefficient of thermal expansion in the temperature range of 30-850 degrees C is 10.12 x 10(-6), 9.48 x 10(-6) and 7.51 x 10(-6) C-1 for samples with x=0.1, 0.15 and 0.2, respectively. Thermogravimetric analyses show small weight gain at high temperatures which correspond to filling up of oxygen vacancies as well as the valence change of the transition metals. The electrical conductivity measured by four -probe method shows that the conductivity increases with the content of Nd; the electrical conductivity at 520 degrees C is about 4.71 x 10(-3), 6.59 x 10(-3) and 9.62 x 10(-3) S cm(-1) for samples with x=0.10, 0.15 and 0.20, respectively. The thermal diffusivity of the samples decreases monotonically as temperature increases. At 600 degrees C, the thermal diffusivity is 0.00425, 0.00455 and 0.00485 cm(2) s(-1) for samples with x=0.10, 0.15 and 0.20, respectively. Impedance measurements in symmetrical cell arrangement in air reveal that the polarization resistance decreases from 55 Omega cm(-2) to 22.5 Omega cm(-2) for increasing temperature from 800 degrees C to 900 degrees C, respectively.
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32.
  • Azad, A.K., et al. (författare)
  • Spin-glass transition in a La-doped Sr2MnWO6 double perovskite
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW B. ; 77:6, s. 064418-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Polycrystalline Sr2-xLaxMnWO6 (x=0.25 and 0.5) materials have been prepared by a traditional solid state sintering method and studied by neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and magnetization measurements. Rietveld analysis of the temperature dependent NPD data shows that the compounds crystallize in monoclinic symmetry (space group P2(1)/n). The unit cell volume decreases with increasing La3+ concentration at the A site. The crystal structure contains alternating MnO6 and WO6 octahedra, considerably tilted due to the relative small size of the cations that occupy the A sublattice of the perovskite. ac and dc magnetization measurements show a destruction of the low temperature antiferromagnetic phase by electron doping through substitution of Sr2+ for La3+. The electron doping creates a mixed tungsten valence (W6+/W5+) resulting in a low temperature spin-glass state.
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33.
  • Azad, A.K., et al. (författare)
  • Structural and magnetic properties of LaFe0.5Cr0.5O3 studied by neutron diffraction, electron diffraction and magnetometry
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Materials Research Bulletin. - 0025-5408. ; 40(10), s. 1633-1644
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The structural and magnetic properties of the perovskite type compound LaFe0.5Cr0.5O3 have been studied by temperature dependent neutron powder diffraction and magnetization measurements. Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction data shows that the compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic perovskite structure with a random positioning of the Fe and Cr cations at the B sublattice. The magnetic structure at 10 K is a collinear antiferromagnetic one with the magnetic moment per site being equal to 2.79(4) mu(B). Magnetisation measurements confirm the overall antiferromagnetic behaviour. Moreover, it indicates a weak uncompensated magnetic moment close to the transition temperature T-N approximate to 265 K. This moment can be described by a magnetic cluster state, which remains up to 550 K. Electron diffraction patterns along with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images reveal that the crystallites are composed by domains of different orientation, which share the same cubic perovskite sub-cell reflections. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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34.
  • Azad, A. K., et al. (författare)
  • Structural, magnetic and electrochemical characterization of La(0.83)A(0.17)Fe(0.5)Cr(0.5)O(3-delta) (A = Ba, Ca) perovskites
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Materials Research Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-5408. ; 44:7, s. 1451-1457
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The structural, magnetic and electrical properties of the perovskite-type compound La(0.83)A(0.17)Fe(0.5)Cr(0.5)O(3-delta) (A = Ba, Ca) have been investigated by neutron diffraction, magnetization measurements and conductivity measurements. Rietveld refinement of X-ray and neutron diffraction data shows that the compound adopts an orthorhombic crystal structure with Pbnm symmetry with a random positioning of the iron and chromium cations on the B sublattice. The magnetic structures at 10 K are collinear antiferromagnetic with the magnetic moment per site being equal to 2.91(2)mu(B) (for Ba) and 3.05(2)mu(B) (for Ca). Magnetization measurements confirm the overall antiferromagnetic behavior. The magnetic structure is based Oil a unit cell related to that of the nuclear structure and the magnetic cell can be considered the same as nuclear cell. Barium doped samples show lower oxygen deficiency and higher conductivity than calcium doped samples. At low oxygen pressure, both compounds show p-type electronic conduction. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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35.
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36.
  • Azad Khan, A. K., et al. (författare)
  • Predicting first professional M.B.B.S. examination score from the results of H.S.C. examination
  • 1980
  • Ingår i: Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin. - 0377-9238. ; 6:2, s. 61-72
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In a retrospective study carried out in Chittagong Medical College the results of HSC and First-Professional MBBS examination of 725 students were analysed. It was concluded from the analysis that if standard of HSC examination is well maintained the results of the said examination correlates well with students' performance in the First Professional MBBS examination. An analysis of admission into Chittagong Medical College in past 20 academic sessions has been made which shows that an increasing number of students securing high marks in HSC are being admitted into Medical College during recent years. The marking standard of HSC examination has however remained fairly uniform over the years except during early post-liberation period.
  •  
37.
  • Azad Khan, A. K., et al. (författare)
  • Stool findings in "chronic dysentery"
  • 1981
  • Ingår i: Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin. - 0377-9238. ; 7:1, s. 7-11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Faecal samples from 63 subjects with self-diagnosis of "chronic dysentery" and 50 control subjects were examined under light microscope. Vegetative form of E.h. was not detected in any of them. E.h. cyst was found in 6.3% of the "chronic dysentery" subjects and in 16% of the control subjects. E. coli and Giardia were also detected less often in the "chronic dysentery" than the control subjects. Lower incidence of protozoa namely E.h. cyst, E. coli cyst or Giardia in the former group was probably due to frequent intake of antiamoebic agents which are also effective against other intestinal protozoa. Incidence of Ascaris, hookworm, and Trichuris was not appreciably different in the two groups. More subjects in the "chronic dysentery" group had normal stool findings (31%) as compared to the control subjects (16%). It has been inferred that E.h. infection is not the cause of symptoms of "chronic dysentery".
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38.
  • Radenahmad, N., et al. (författare)
  • High conductivity and high density proton conducting Ba1-xSrxCe0.5Zr0.35Y0.1Sm0.05O3-delta (x=0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0) perovskites for IT-SOFC
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199. ; 41:27, s. 11832-11841
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has been achieving attention in term of possibility in variety of fuels. Proton conductor enhanced conventional oxide conducting electrolyte has become more and more interesting particularly in intermediate operating temperature. Combination of doped BaCeO3 and BaZrO3 by doping Sr, Y and Sm was studied as the series of Ba1-xSrxCe0.5Zr0.35Y0.1Sm0.05O3-delta (BSCZYSm) by varying composition x = 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.0. The X-ray analysis reveals right-shifted peaks due to changing in unit cell volume. The cell parameters and density decreased with increasing Sr content. Rietveld refinement shows that all compositions crystallize in the cubic symmetry in the space group Pm-3m. Thermogravimetric analysis on dried and hydrated samples under nitrogen show significant weight change to prove the proton uptake at higher temperature. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the density is higher than 90% for all samples. BSCZYSm with x = 0.5 shows the highest conductivity in wet argon condition which is 2.391 x 10(-3) S cm(-1) at 700 degrees C. Particle size of materials were examined and reveal average diameter of 5.8 mu m approximately.
  •  
39.
  • Radenahmad, N., et al. (författare)
  • Proton-conducting electrolytes for direct methanol and direct urea fuel cells - A state-of-the-art review
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0690 .- 1364-0321. ; 57, s. 1347-1358
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This review focuses on the protonicisuperprotonic electrolytes used for application in direct methanol and direct urea/urine fuel cells. Since, methanol has. high energy density, which is essential for portable direct methanol fuel cells, and is simpler to store and transport than conventional hydrogen as fuel. However, methanol is not readily available, which makes waste an attractive option as a fuel source, resulting in the development of direct urea fuel cells. Fuel cells that use waste that contains hydrogen, like waste water or urine, are attractive because of their potential to generate energy from low-cost, abundant sources.
  •  
40.
  • Sayeed, M Abu, et al. (författare)
  • Diabetes and impaired fasting glycemia in a rural population of Bangladesh
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 26:4, s. 1034-1039
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) in a rural population of Bangladesh. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A cluster sampling of 4,923 subjects >/=20 years old in a rural community were investigated. Fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, height, weight, and girth of waist and hip were measured. BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol were also estimated. We used the 1997 American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: The crude prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 4.3% and IFG was 12.4%. The age-standardized prevalence of type 2 diabetes (95% CI) was 3.8% (3.12-4.49) and IFG was 13.0% (11.76-14.16). The subjects with higher family income had significantly higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (5.9 vs. 3.5%, P < 0.001) and IFG (15.6 vs. 10.8%, P < 0.001) than those with lower income. Employing logistic regression in different models, we found that wealthy class, family history of diabetes, reduced physical exercise, and increased age, BMI, and WHR were the important predictors of diabetes. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol showed no association with diabetes and IFG. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diabetes and IFG in the rural population was found to be on the increase compared with the previous reports of Bangladesh and other Asian studies. Older age, higher obesity, higher income, family history of diabetes, and reduced physical activity were proved significant risk factors for diabetes and IFG, whereas plasma lipids showed no association with diabetes and IFG. Further study may address whether diabetes is causally associated with insulin deficiency or insulin resistance.
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41.
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42.
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43.
  • Tseggai, M, et al. (författare)
  • Nuclear structure and magnetic properties of perovskite compounds La1−xNdxFe0.5Cr0.5O3 (x = 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2)
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 458:1-2, s. 372-377
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Perovskite oxides with the composition La1−xNdxFe0.5Cr0.5O3 (x = 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) have been studied. The samples have been prepared using the standard solid-state reaction method in air. The X-ray and neutron diffractograms indicates that the samples crystallize in the orthorhombic perovskite structure with space group Pnma (No. 62). The Nd-substitution causes minor changes in the cell parameters and bond lengths but the nuclear structure remains orthorhombic in the whole range of substitutions and in the temperature range of 10–700 K. The magnetic structure of the samples at room temperature and below is G-type antiferromagnetic with an average magnetic moment of the Fe/Cr ions of 3.29(3) μB/atom at 10 K independent of the Nd content. At room temperature the average magnetic moment of the Fe/Cr ions reduces to 1.23 μB/atom. At temperatures below 250 K a weak but increasing uncompensated spontaneous magnetic moment develops that reaches a magnitude of about 0.5 emu/g (or 0.02 μB per Fe/Cr site) at 10 K. This moment saturates rather rapidly in the magnetization versus magnetic field curve and is at higher field superposed on the response of the antiferromagnetic spin system.
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44.
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45.
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