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- Azens, A., Vaivars, G., Veszelei, M., Granqvist, C-G. Azens, A., Vaivars, G., Veszelei, M., Granqvist, C-G. Azens, A., Vaivars, G., Veszelei, M., Granqvist, C-G.
(författare)
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6-layer electrochromic device.
- 2001
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Patent (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Granqvist, C.-G., et al.
(författare)
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Recent advances in electrochromics for smart windows applications
- 1998
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Ingår i: Solar Energy. - 0038-092X .- 1471-1257. ; 63:4, s. 199-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electrochromic smart windows are able to vary their throughput of radiant energy by low-voltage electrical pulses. This function is caused by reversible shuttling of electrons and charge balancing ions between an electrochromic thin film and a transparent counter electrode. The ion transport takes place via a solid electrolyte. Charge transport is evoked by a voltage applied between transparent electrical conductors surrounding the electrochromic film/electrolyte/counter electrode stack. This review summarizes recent progress concerning: (i) calculated optical properties of crystalline WO3, (ii) electrochromic properties of heavily disordered W oxide and oxyfluoride films produced by reactive magnetron bias sputtering, (iii) novel transparent reactively sputter-deposited Zr-Ce oxide counter electrodes and (iv) a new proton-conducting antimonic-acid-based polymer electrolyte. Special in depth presentations are given on elastic light scattering from W-oxide-based films and of electronic band structure effects affecting opto-chronopotentiometry data in Zr-Ce oxide. The review also contains some new device data for an electrochromic smart window capable of very high optical transmittance.Electrochromic smart windows are able to vary their throughput of radiant energy by low-voltage electrical pulses. This function is caused by reversible shuttling of electrons and charge balancing ions between an electrochromic thin film and a transparent counter electrode. The ion transport takes place via a solid electrolyte. Charge transport is evoked by a voltage applied between transparent electrical conductors surrounding the electrochromic film/electrolyte/counter electrode stack. This review summarizes recent progress concerning: (i) calculated optical properties of crystalline WO3, (ii) electrochromic properties of heavily disordered W oxide and oxyfluoride films produced by reactive magnetron bias sputtering, (iii) novel transparent reactively sputter-deposited Zr-Ce oxide counter electrodes and (iv) a new proton-conducting antimonic-acid-based polymer electrolyte. Special in depth presentations are given on elastic light scattering from W-oxide-based films and of electronic band structure effects affecting opto-chronopotentiometry data in Zr-Ce oxide. The review also contains some new device data for an electrochromic smart window capable of very high optical transmittance.
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- Strömme, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Li intercalation in transparent Ti-Ce oxide films : Energetics and ion dynamics
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 81:9, s. 6432-6437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Films of Ti dioxide, mixed Ti–Ce oxide, and Ce dioxide were produced by reactive dc magnetron sputtering.Electrochemical lithiation was probed by chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry together with optical transmittance recording, and impedance spectroscopy. Evidence was found for inserted electrons being accommodated in Ce4f states; this contention was supported by preliminary results from x-rayabsorption fine-structure spectroscopy. These electrons do not produce luminous electrochromism. The variation of the chemical diffusion coefficient of Li, with film composition and Li content, was also studied.
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- Avendaño, Esteban, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromism in Nickel Oxide Films Containing Mg, Al, Si, V, Zr, Nb, Ag, or Ta, Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells
- 2004
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells. ; 84, s. 337-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
- Avendano, Esteban, et al.
(författare)
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Sputter Deposited Electrochromic Films and Devices Based on These : Progress on nickel-oxide-based films
- 2007
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5107 .- 1873-4944. ; 138:2, s. 112-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces electrochromic (EC) devices, capable of changing their optical absorption under charge insertion/extraction, and some of the required materials. Special attention is given to EC nickel-oxide-based films, for which we discuss sputter deposition and ensuing optical and structural properties. The paper is concluded with some recent results for practical foil-based devices.
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- Granqvist, Claes Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromic foil-based devices : Optical transmittance and modulation range, effect of ultravioled irradiation, and quality assessment by 1/f current noise
- 2008
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 516:17, s. 5921-5926
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce electrochromic (EC) technology for modulating the transmittance of visible light and solar radiation in window apertures, with focus on recent work on foil-type devices embodying sputter deposited WO3 and NiO films joined by a polymer electrolyte. The purpose of this paper is to present a number of new and preliminary results showing that (i) double-sided antireflection coatings based on dip coating can enhance the transmittance significantly, (ii) tandem foils can yield a ratio between bleached-state and colored-state transmittance exceeding fifty, (iii) solar irradiance onto the EC device can enhance its charge insertion dynamics and thereby its optical modulation, and (iv) electromagnetic noise spectroscopy may serve as quality assessment of EC devices.
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| 29. |
- Granqvist, Claes-Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Towards the smart window : progress in electrochromics
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. - 0022-3093 .- 1873-4812. ; 218, s. 273-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochromic devices have the ability to produce reversible and persistent changes of their optical properties. The phenomenon is associated with joint ion and electron transport into/out of an electrochromic thin film, in most cases being a transition metal oxide. This paper outlines the various applications of such devices in smart windows suitable for energy-conscious architecture, in variable-reflectance mirrors, and in display devices. Critical materials issues and design concepts are discussed. The paper also covers two specific research topics: computed electronic structure of crystalline WO3 incorporating ionic species, showing how reflectance modulation emerges from a first-principles calculation; and Li+ dynamics in heavily disordered Ti oxide, illustrating how diffusion constants derived from impedance spectroscopy can be reconciled with the Anderson—Stuart model.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Niklasson, G.A., et al.
(författare)
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Comment on
- 2004
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Ingår i: J. Appl. Phys.. ; 96, s. 2409-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 35. |
- Avendano, Esteban, et al.
(författare)
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Coloration Mechanism in Proton-Intercalated Electrochromic Hydrated NiOy and Ni1-xVxOy Thin Films
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 156:8, s. p132-p138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochromic (EC) films of nickel oxide, with and without vanadium, were prepared by reactive dc magnetron sputtering. They were characterized by electrochemical and optical measurements and studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) using synchrotron radiation. The films were analyzed under as-deposited conditions and after bleaching/coloration by insertion/extraction of protons from a basic solution and ensuing charge stabilization. Optical measurements were consistent with a coloration process due to charge-transfer transitions from Ni2+ to Ni3+ states. The PES measurements showed a higher concentration of Ni3+ in the colored films. Moreover, two peaks were present in the O 1s spectra of the bleached film and pointed to contributions of Ni(OH)(2) and NiO. The changes in the O 1s spectra upon coloration treatment indicate the presence of Ni2O3 in the colored film and necessitated an extension of the conventional model for the mechanism of EC coloration. The model involves not only proton extraction from nickel hydroxide to form nickel oxyhydroxide but also participation of NiO in the coloration process to form Ni2O3.
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| 42. |
- Azens, A, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromic devices embodying W oxide/Ni oxide tandem films
- 2001
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0021-8979. ; 89:12, s. 7885-7887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six-layer electrochromic devices of indium tin oxide (ITO)/NiOxHy/WO3/ZrP-electrolyte/WO3/ITO were made by reactive dc magnetron sputtering and lamination. The WO3 layer between the acidic ZrP-based electrolyte and the NiOxHy layer served as optically pas
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| 48. |
- Azens, A, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromism of Cr oxide films
- 1999
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Ingår i: ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0013-4686. ; 44:18, s. 3059-3061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cr oxide films were produced by reactive de magnetron sputtering in Ar + O-2 + H-2. Weak anodic electrochromism was found in acidic electrolytes. A high optical transmittance and a modest voltage range for charge exchange make Cr oxide films of consi
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| 49. |
- Azens, A, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochromism of sputter deposited Ni-Cr oxide films
- 1998
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0021-8979. ; 84:11, s. 6454-6456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochromic thin films of Ni oxide and Ni-Cr oxide were made by reactive dc magnetron sputtering from magnetic Ni as well as nonmagnetic Ni-Cr alloy targets, respectively. The physical and electrochemical properties of the two materials were simila
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