| 1. |
- Bourdieu, Pierre, et al.
(författare)
-
Leve idrottspedagogiken : En vänbok tillägnad Lars-Magnus Engström
- 2005
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vem ägnar sig åt idrott? Vilken betydelse har fritiden i barns och ungdomars liv? Vad innebär hälsa i skolämnet idrott och hälsa?Leve idrottspedagogiken! tillägnas Lars-Magnus Engström. Texterna i boken speglar delar av det idrottspedagogiska forskningsområdet i Sverige, vars framväxt Lars-Magnus Engström varit den främste företrädaren för. Läsaren får här ta del av exempelvis idrottskulturen, fritidskulturen och skolans ämne idrott och hälsa. Genomgående handlar texterna om villkoren för barns och ungdomars deltagane och om de olika lärprocesser som sker i anslutning till idrottsutövning.Lars-Magnus Engström har gjort betydande insatser som forskare och lärare samt som professor vid Lärarhögskolan i Stockholm och vid Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan. I snart fyrtion år har han arbetat med studier kring påverkans- och lärprocesser i idrott. Hans forskning har främst kretsat kring människors idrottsvanor och vilka som utvecklar en fysiskt aktiv livsstil. Idrotts- och motionsutövningar ger både ett så kallat egenvärde och investeringsvärde. Med dessa begrepp bland många andra har Lars-Magnus Engström bidragit till en fördjupad vetenskaplig förståelse av idrottskulturen.De flesta författarna har eller har haft Lars-Magnus Engström som handledare och tillhör forskningsgruppen för pedagogik, idrott och fritidskultur. Redaktörer för boken är Karin Redelius och Håkan Larsson.
|
|
| 2. |
- Aksel Jacobsen, Freja, et al.
(författare)
-
A Role for the Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Abl2/Arg in Experimental Neuroinflammation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology. - New York, NY : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1557-1890 .- 1557-1904. ; 13:2, s. 265-276
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis is a neuroinflammatory degenerative disease, caused by activated immune cells infiltrating the CNS. The disease etiology involves both genetic and environmental factors. The mouse genetic locus, Eae27, linked to disease development in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model for multiple sclerosis, was studied in order to identify contributing disease susceptibility factors and potential drug targets for multiple sclerosis. Studies of an Eae27 congenic mouse strain, revealed that genetic variation within Eae27 influences EAE development. The Abl2 gene, encoding the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Arg, is located in the 4,1 megabase pair long Eae27 region. The Arg protein plays an important role in cellular regulation and is, in addition, involved in signaling through the B- and T-cell receptors, important for the autoimmune response. The presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism causing an amino acid change in a near actin-interacting domain of Arg, in addition to altered lymphocyte activation in the congenic mice upon immunization with myelin antigen, makes Abl2/Arg a candidate gene for EAE. Here we demonstrate that the non-synonymous SNP does not change Arg’s binding affinity for F-actin but suggest a role for Abl kinases in CNS inflammation pathogenesis by showing that pharmacological inhibition of Abl kinases ameliorates EAE, but not experimental arthritis. © 2018 The Author(s)
|
|
| 3. |
- Bladh, Greta, 1984-
(författare)
-
Moving thresholds : body narratives within the vicinity of gym and fitness culture
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates thresholds that impede bodies from moving to, and within, gym and fitness sites. Thresholds are here understood as gendered social constructs and norms, which direct bodies in certain ways, and thus circumscribing potential movements and capabilities. The study’s initial entry point was at a gym, here referred to as The Club which had in its statutes proclaimed to work in a norm critical way. This was an attempt to promote a more inclusive environment, and thus lowering certain thresholds for movement, in that members otherwise discouraged to enter other general gyms, found this particular gym open and “chill”. By conducting participatory observations, interviews, and collective memory exercises, this study is an effort to identify experiences otherwise seen as mundane and ordinary, such as working out at the gym, as conditioned under certain power relations.Aided by a theoretical framework combining poststructuralism and phenomenology, a narrative and deconstructive approach directed the analysis of the empirical material. The results showed that the specific case of the Club entailed how the work for inclusiveness, and thus lowering certain thresholds, entailed other forms of thresholding, in that in order to insure an inclusive environment, a certain amount of emotional work from the members of the Club was required. This meant that the cost of an inclusive and open environment is a balancing act on an emotional tightrope, which in turn indicated that the work to be norm critical entailed vulnerable inclusiveness. Further, even though participants were critically aware of repressive gender norms circumscribing their range of movement, the possibility of other movements were still at a threshold. This was due to their corporeal historic background of experiences of hierarchical binary gender norms, which still lingered under the skin. In this thesis, this corporeal background is referred to as body narrative, an attempt to displace a binary gendered framing of the perception of bodies. However, despite the participants’ reflexive stance towards repressive gender norms, their range of motion were still at a threshold, colored by past experiences, which in turn binds our eyes to what is perceivable, signifying how emancipation can never reach an end, but is rather a continuous process, always aiming, little by little, to displace thresholds of movement.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Bäckström, Ingela, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
-
What values are included in Quality Culture? – A theoretical and practical collaboration
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Building a Culture for Quality, Innovation and Sustainability.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe a collaboration between academia and practitioners where the aim was reach agreement on the Quality Culture content.Methodology/approach – A project with the aim to measure and develop Quality Culture started in 2015. The overall aim of the project was to create new knowledge and insights about 1) what quality culture is, 2) what quality culture consists of, 3) how quality culture can be measured and 4) how it can be developed. In this paper the work to meet the first and second aim and the results of that work are presented.Findings – A framework for quality culture consisting of supportive and obstructive behaviours developed in collaboration between academia and practitioners. The paper includes a description of how practitioners and researchers can work together to develop a shared set of values.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Bäckström, Marice, et al.
(författare)
-
On the edge of decision-making in trauma care: A focus group study on radiographers’ experiences of interprofessional collaboration
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Radiography. - : Elsevier. - 1078-8174 .- 1532-2831. ; 29:6, s. 1123-1129
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The temporary trauma teams in trauma alerts consist of a diverse group of unique professionals requiring interprofessional collaboration and coordination to achieve efficient, high-quality care. The uncertain situation and complex care environment impose high demands on team dynamics such as individual attitudes and team behaviours. Within interprofessional teams, interaction and coordination reflect the collective success of collaboration and the achievement of goals. Interactions with radiographers have increased in trauma teams given computed tomography's prominent role in providing crucial knowledge for decision-making in trauma care. This study aimed to explore radiographers' experiences of interprofessional collaboration during trauma alerts.Method: The study was designed with focus group methodology, including 17 radiographers participating in five focus groups, analysed with an inductive focus group analysis.Results: An overarching theme, “On the edge of decision-making”, emerged along with three sub-themes: “Feeling included requires acknowledgement”, “Exclusion precludes shared knowledge”, and “Experience and mutual awareness facilitate team interaction”.Conclusions: Interprofessional collaboration from the radiographer's perspective within trauma teams requires a sense of inclusion and the ability to interact with the team. Exclusion from vital decision-making obstructs radiographers' comprehension of situations and thereby the interdependence in interprofessional collaboration. Implications for practice: Common platforms are needed for knowledge sharing and team practices, including radiographers’ areas of responsibility and relational coordination to foster interprofessional relationships. Through these means interdependence through awareness and shared knowledge can be facilitated on trauma teams.
|
|
| 9. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Aesthetic learning processes – feelings and sensations of skate- and snowboarding
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Designs for learning. ; , s. 1-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skateboarding and snowboarding are practices loaded with symbolic expressions. They are also activities profoundly understood as physical. This paper will investigate the narrated impressions of these activities – in other words the expressions of impressions. Skateboarding and snowboarding are discussed as aesthetic learning processes, which to a large extent are both bodily and informal. The paper builds on ethnographic fieldwork and cultural analysis. Kirsten Drotner’s theory of aesthetic practices is used as a starting point. Aesthetic practices/production works on three levels: the individual, the social and the cultural. The individual level is characterised in terms of emotional intensity and corporality. The sensation is described as so encompassing that it becomes ones life, ones identity. The body is acutely present in these descriptions. It is the body that experiences, and it is there that the sensation of riding comes alive.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Balancing the senses : Experiences of learning in indoor skateboarding
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Designs for learning.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor skate parks are purpose built environments for physical activity and bodies in motion. These settings are designed places of learning in both social and material respects. Skate parks in Sweden are usually large halls in buildings previously used for industries, now filled with wooden and sometimes concrete constructions. The solid and rough material consolidates the environment as hard and durable. Ceilings are most often high which influence the acoustics. The sound level is elevated from the noise of board riding on the wooden constructions, besides music from loud speakers adds to the aural experience. In spite of, or thanks to, the strident soundscape it is common by skateboarders to use a personal music device such as an mp3-player or the equivalent when skateboarding. The purpose of this paper is to discuss sensory and affective learning processes in relation to indoor skateboarding. In focus is the crossroads between senses, affect, place and learning. Empirical results are drawn from an ongoing ethnographic study on predominantly female skateboarding, embodied knowledge and board sport culture. The empirical material consists of field notes (in written, auditory and visual form), interviews and examples from media such as videos, magazines and internet pages. The aural sense and its capacity to include and exclude other sensory experiences, mainly balance, is examined and associated with affective incitement. Sharing and non-sharing spaces and experiences are discussed. The paper draws theoretically in large from the anthropological research on the senses in culture, and the psychology of affect. In addition the paper pays particular interest to the idea of “the risk of experience that is learning” (Ellsworth 2005).
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Både radikal och rumsren : Om ungdomlighetskultur och samtidens semantiska omvandlingar.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Senmoderna reflexioner. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789175199450 ; , s. 137-145
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Senmoderna reflexioner. Festskrift till Johan Fornäs, är en antologi med tjugotre artiklar tillägnade Johan Fornäs på hans 60-årsdag den 7 mars 2012. Flera av artiklarna utgår från teman i Johan Fornäs böcker, medan andra på olika sätt behandlar ämnen relaterade till hans breda och mångfacetterade intresseområden. Boken är indelad i fyra tematiska delar, som behandlar olika praktiker: teoretiska, mediala, estetiska och litterära. Under rubriken ”teoretiska praktiker” diskuteras olika aspekter av hermeneutik, kulturalisering och kulturellt kapital. Under ”mediala praktiker” återfinns studier av samtida mediefenomen och deras relationer till demokrati och politik. ”Estetiska praktiker” innefattar bidrag som diskuterar kulturella praktikers funktion i den offentliga sfären. I den avslutande delen, ”litterära praktiker”, analyseras utvalda litterära texter och den diskurs som omger dem. Huvuddelen av artiklarna är skrivna på svenska, med undantag av tre engelska bidrag.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Coola idoler och hjälpsamma förebilder
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - 1103-4629. ; 23:1, s. 35-39
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bland skejtare har både förebilder och idoler hög status. Det höga anseendet får de genom sin kompetens, men det är olika slags kunnande som ligger bakom. Idoler bygger sin ställning på teknisk skicklighet. Förebilderna ska vara pedagogiskt kompetenta och schyssta personer.
|
|
| 18. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Dealing with Douglas' perspective on doping : Sharp lines and borderlands
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Book of abstracts: 2022 EASS & ISSAWORLD CONGRESS OF SOCIOLOGY OF SPORT. ; , s. 204-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This presentation critically explores elite athletes’ accounts on the anti-doping system and how ideas of purity and danger shape their experiences and practices within it. Theoretically, we draw from Mary Douglas’ influential ideas on purity and danger. These ideas encompass the idea that separating dirtiness from cleanliness provides a way to systematically create and maintain symbolic, societal and cultural order. Data from 13 qualitative interviews with elite athletes in three different sports dispersed over five geographical continents was analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis shows a strict conviction of the importance to distinguish the pure from the impure, in our study played out as practices and experiences of assurance, intimidation and shaming. The danger of breaching the sharp line between purity and danger had to be handled by the individual athletes through taking precise measures to avoid pollution. The elite athletes’ bodies become the places where boundaries can be built, and sharp limits arise. A conclusion is that the athletes have much to gain from becoming ‘guardians of purity’. We caution, however, that such positioning implicates symbolic values on cleanliness that may simultaneously infer others’ dirtiness.
|
|
| 19. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Dialogues of Dominance and Division : Skaters and Skater Girls Juxtaposing Gender
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Centers and Peripheries in Sport.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skateboarding is known as a predominately male activity; however, there are female skateboarders and they are growing in number internationally. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how female gender and feminist issues appear and are negotiated by female skateboarders in ethnographically documented dialogues in a local setting. The dialogues are historically, socially and culturally contextualised invoking mediated discourses on female skateboarding. My assumption is that mediated discourses interact with local practice in an intricate way. This paper will hopefully shed some light on this interaction as well as works on femininity (and masculinity) in skateboarding and other board sports. In addition how female attendance is promoted. Theoretically, the paper draws on post structurally influenced cultural studies and theories of gender. The paper discusses practices of gender division and images of girls and women in board sports and their media from a feminist perspective. In this context, inviting pain as a girl has been interpreted as a way of challenging unappreciated forms of femininity. Accidents and falls are portrayed in niche media, both in print and television programmes, as evidence of courage and authenticity. However, there are alternatives to the aggressive femininity in recent media forms, such as blogs and personal web pages. But replacing one alternative of femininity with another raises new questions. The ambiguities of discourses put girls and women in a position where they are empowered subjects using their own micro-media, and, at the same time, tend to preserve ‘the separate-and-different-cultures model’ when it comes to gender.
|
|
| 20. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Etnografi med alla sinnen
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Idrottsforum. - 1652-7224.
-
Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 21. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Forty Years of Transformations : Swedish Skateboarding Culture and Organisation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Managing Sport in a Changing Europe. ; , s. 285-286
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forty Years of Transformations - Swedish Skateboarding Culture and OrganisationAimThe aim of this presentation is to sum up findings from ethnographic and historic datacollected for a period of twenty years in order to outline the transformations of skateboardingculture and organisation in Sweden from the 1970’s to present day.Theoretical Background and Literature ReviewSkateboarding has a celebrated subversive past claiming heritage from Californian surferssneaking into emptied backyard swimming pools during summer draught. The (hi)story hasbeen commemorated through the classic movie Dogtown and the Z-boys. Ever since, socialresistance has been part and parcel of skateboarding’s cultural image (Borden, 2001).Although stemming from subcultural and underground practices, skateboarding has nowreached worldwide audiences through X-games. In June this year, the sport’s firstinternational conference titled Pushing boarders was held in London. It gathered academicscholars, skateboarders and engaged people from the industry. Moreover, in 2020,skateboarding will be launched as a new sport in the Olympic Games. Skateboarders onceopposing the sport industry and nine-five-jobs have transformed from core practitioners toconsumers (Dinces, 2011; Dupont, 2014; Lombard, 2010). This depicts a transformation fromsubculture to a professionalised sport, at least for some and in some places. In Sweden,parallel to these trends, skateboarding contrastingly formed a national federation under theNational Sports Confederation (RF) for the first time 2013.Research Design and Data AnalysisThrough four ethnographic projects extending over two decades, and related historicalmaterial, this presentation draws from participant observation and multiple empiricalmaterials. Ethnography has the potential to capture “inside” views of everyday life (Atkinson,2014). The research participants are diverse in terms of age, gender and positions in the fieldetc. The data includes interviews, photographs and various media in both printed and digitalfrom. It contains both commercial and non-commercial content and spans from the late1970’s until present day. The semi-structured interviews follow thematically structured guidesand were conducted face-to-face with snowball samples. For this presentation Stamm andLamprecht’s (1998) model for describing the life cycle of trend sports is used as a startingpoint for a thematic content analysis over time. The model indicates the interrelation oftechnological innovation, marketing and socio-cultural factors.Findings and DiscussionEvery stage in Stamm and Lamprecht’s (1998) model is characterized by different degrees ofcommercialisation, as well as diverse types of organisation and various degrees ofrecognition. The trend sports are also pursued by different groups; in the early stages pioneersand further on by young people in subcultures, followed by athletes in the fourth stage toanybody in the final stage. Confrontation against the established sport organisations andglorification of a presumed authentic past is part of the third stage. This is followed byfashion in mainstream culture as part of the fourth stage.298It is argued that skateboarding in Sweden to some extent has followed this model. Numerousexamples point to the fourth stage characterized by maturation and diffusion. For instance it ispossible for practitioners to make a living from skateboarding in various ways; skateboardingis popular in mass media; goods are mass produces and skateboarding has been integrated incertain school forms. In short, processes of commercialisation and professionalization arepresent.The straight forward processes proposed in the model are however complicated byskateboarding in Sweden since 2013 being formally organized though the National SportsConfederation. Through this organisation some skateboarders are now part and parcel ofmainstream sports, however their subcultural ideas persist, not least when it comes toleadership and coaching. This is paradoxically partly challenging the National SportsConfederation in that funding systems are urged to be re-negotiated. Simultaneously, theSwedish skateboarding association opens up activities for inclusion and equality urged by theNational Sports Confederation.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe presentation contributes with new empirical findings on the socio-cultural developmentof skateboarding in Sweden and beyond, which confirms but also complicates the straightforward model of the life cycle of trend sports. Skateboarding has gone from innovativephysical activity recognised by few, to highly commercialised and familiar, but it is also anational association with no commercial profit promoting democratic values.ReferencesAtkinson, P. (2014). For Ethnography. London: Sage.Borden, I. (2001). Skateboarding, Space and the City: Architecture and the Body. New York: Berg.Dinces, S. (2011). ‘Flexible Opposition’: Skateboarding Subcultures under the Rubric of LateCapitalism. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 28(11), 1512-1535.Dupont, T. (2014). From Core to Consumer: The Informal Hierarchy of the Skateboard Scene. Journalof Contemporary Ethnography, 43(5), 556-581.Lombard, K. (2010). Skate and create/skate and destroy: The commercial and governmentalincorporation of skateboarding. Continuum: Journal Of Media & Cultural Studies, 24(4),475-488.Stamm, H-P. & Lamprecht, B. (1998) The life cycle of trend sports. In: C. Jaccoud & Y. Pedrazzini(Eds) Glisser dans la ville: les politiques sportives a` l’e’preuve des sports de rue[Gliding in the street: sporting politics related to street sports], Acts from the Neuchâtel.Colloquium of the 18th and 19th Septembre 1997 (Neuchâtel, Editions CIES).
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Från skateboard till e-sport
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Idrottsforum.org. - 1652-7224. ; , s. 4-
-
Recension (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I samband med att idrottsforskningen i ökande utsträckning fokuserar sportens stjärnor har ett intresse växt fram för vad som händer med elitidrottare efter det att sportkarriären är över. Det är uppenbart att övergången från kändis till föredetting är plågsamt och svårhanterbart för många. Men internationell sport erbjuder också många exempel på framgångsrika civila karriärer. Tony Hawk är ett bra exempel. Hawk var världsstjärna inom skateboard på 1980- och 90-talen, och trots dess subkulturella karaktär var hans stjärnstatus enastående där sådant räknades. Hawk drog sig tillbaka 1999 som sann legendar, och två år senare kom hans självbiografi, Hawk: Occupation Skateboarder (HarperCollins, skriven med Sean Mortimer). I Åsa Bäckströms kunniga och intresseväckande recension följer vi Tony Hawk från tiden som tanig och mobbad skolgrabb, över tiden som skateboardkung, till efterkarriären som dataspelsutvecklare – bland annat – och under tiden tvåbarnsfar med två olika fruar och gift en tredje gång. Underhållande och lärorikt, tycker vår recensent, som också följer upp historien efter det att boken publicerades. Och visst är det lite speciellt, det där amerikanska, den klassiska framgångssagan med lyckligt slut.
|
|
| 24. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Gender manoeuvring in Swedish skateboarding : negotiations of femininities and the hierarchical gender structure
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Young - Nordic Journal of Youth Research. - Los Angeles : SAGE Publications. - 1103-3088 .- 1741-3222. ; 21:1, s. 29-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic countries score high gender equality ratings and we have a long tradition of working with feminist agendas promising liberal futures to both young women and men. Still, today’s young women struggle to make room for female participation in male-dominated space. Based on ethnographic research, this article explores gender manoeuvring, i.e. manipulations of the relationship between masculinity and femininity in the patterned beliefs and activities of Swedish skateboarding. The three most apparent femininities in the empirical material, ‘the tomboy’, ‘the bitch’, and ‘the lesbian’, are discussed and how they sometimes give rise to gender manoeuvring and sometimes not. It is argued that the formation of a national network harnessing feminist strategies has been successful in making space for female skateboarding in local skateparks and the mainstream media. The negotiations these actions result in have the potential to transform the hierarchical gender order between and among masculinities and femininities. However, simultaneous tendencies to preserve the unequal gender structure through valuing both hegemonic masculinity and femininity become visible.
|
|
| 25. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Good ethnography smells bad : On aesthetic experience in qualitative research
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Sveriges antropologförbunds årliga konferens (SANT).
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aesthetic learning processes are being notified in current Swedish pedagogical research. The philosophical term aesthetics is used in multiple modes, some of them borrowing an agenda from the studies of fine art, some more with inspiration from cultural studies and popular culture. In this emerging field both ethnography and every-day-aesthetics are in focus. Despite new ways of doing ethnography the results still tend to look (!) like traditional ethnography. Field-notes saturated with sensuous and stinking data; e.g. moist socks, sweaty t-shirts and car fumes, still tend to depend upon written texts and photography as scientific proof. Moreover ethnography is still judged against a positivistic framework drawing from natural science. Is a change required? And in that case, can the future of visual anthropology challenge this hegemonic scientific paradigm?
|
|
| 26. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Idrottsliga inkräktare : Recension av Bolin & Granskog (2003) Athletic intruders: ethnographic research on women, culture, and exercise
- 2011
-
Ingår i: idrottsforum.org. - 1652-7224.
-
Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En djupdykning i SUNY-förlagets backlist har ådagalagt tre angelägna titlar som inte tidigare kommit med i forumets recensionsverksamhet men som trots att de fått några år på nacken av tjänstgörande recensionsredaktör bedömts som angelägna att lyfta fram. I november 2010 recenserade Ingela Kolfjord Mike Messners Out of Play, (2007), och Pirkko Markulas antologi Feminist Sport Studies från 2005 recenseras av Helena Tolvhed på annan plats i denna uppdatering. Äldst av de tre var antologin Athletic Intruders: Ethnographic Research on Women, Culture, and Exercise från 2003, med Anne Bolin och Jane Granskog som redaktörer (State University of New York Press). Vi applåderar SUNY Press för en föredömlig lagerhållningsstrategi (möjlig tack vare print on demand-tekniken), och gläds åt att vi hittade totalt rätt i val av recensent, nämligen Åsa Bäckström, som just då var redo att läsa just denna bok. I en föredömligt välskriven, initierad och intresseväckande recension ser hon bortom de lite ålderstigna referenserna och diskuterar metod, empiri och, inte minst, feminismens historia.
|
|
| 27. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Imagining and Making Material Encounters : Skateboarding, Emplacement, and Spatial Desire
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Sport and Social Issues. - : Sage Publications. - 0193-7235 .- 1552-7638. ; 43:2, s. 122-142
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we draw from and develop existing ideas of spatial desire and emplacement to explore skateboarders? skilful mobility and perceptive competence. By combining findings from Swedish and Danish ethnographic studies, we illustrate how skateboarders imagine and make new material encounters both in urban environments not originally built for skateboarding and in skateparks. These imaginations and makings include memories of previous material encounters and are a part of ongoing social negotiations, but they also have a component of imaginary novelty. Making and imagining are discussed as materialization and formation, which include the idea of active materials and sentient practitioners. Two types of material encounters were imagined and made: transitions and smooth lines. Subsequently, two characteristics of these types of encounters were described: ?kind? and challenging. The processes of imagination and making took a mutual understanding for granted and deeply engaged the body in the ever-changing material environment. We argue that a conceptualization of spatial desire as emplaced and highly imaginable is fruitful for research on skateboarding and other movement cultures where engagements with materials come to the fore.
|
|
| 28. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Inkludering och exkludering
- 2011. - 1:1
-
Ingår i: Friluftssport och äventyrsidrott. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144069135 ; , s. 216-217
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduktion
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sport management. Del 3. - Stockholm : SISU idrottsböcker. - 9789177270782 ; , s. 5-13
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 31. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Kinaesthetic detours in ethnographic representation
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1989 the American anthropologist Paul Stoller argued in favour of taking detours in his now classic The taste of ethnographic things, subtitled the senses in anthropology. Detours, he argued, may be theoretical, or artistic. One way is to strive for what he calls “radical empiricism”. This demands a different kind of text (or film), where the senses are given greater prominence. He writes: “This kind of respect directs writers and filmmakers onto a radically empirical detour along which we can achieve the most simple yet most allusive goal of ethnography: to give our readers or viewers a sense of what it is like to live in other worlds, a taste of ethnographic things” (1989: 156). Recently, a “sensory revolution” (Howes, 2005) has fuelled and interest in perception and the senses. This paper draws on research with a sensory ethnography (Pink, 2009) approach. It focuses the un/knowing body and deals with epistemological issues related to collecting and representing sensory ethnographic material. It is argued that scientific texts (in a wide sense) need richer sensory “data” in order to more fully understand learning and knowing in a contemporary world. Moreover, the paper problematizes the prevalent logocentrism in society.
|
|
| 32. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Knowing and teaching explosiveness in skateboarding : Remembrance and expressions of kinaesthetic experience
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In social sciences and humanities 'the body' is accentuated to the extent that we may even talk about a ‘corporeal turn’. Through ethnographic research on skateboarding I explore the particular corporeal practice of energy transformation and the verbal, visual and bodily expression of what can be labeled explosiveness.Explicitly, I use the digital audio-visual empirical material to investigate how kinaesthetic knowing is expressed and taught. The paper adds theoretically and empirically to recent arguments of a shift from embodiment to emplacement. By way of conclusion, a more elaborate focus on the sensory experiences is suggested to better understand the intersections of mind, body, place and learning.
|
|
| 33. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Knowing and teaching kinaesthetic experience in skateboarding : an example of sensory emplacement
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Sport, Education and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1357-3322 .- 1470-1243. ; 19:6, s. 752-772
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The body has become a vital research object in several disciplines in recent years. Indeed, in the social sciences and humanities, a corporeal turn in which embodiment has become a key concept related to learning and socialisation is discussed. This cross-disciplinary paper addresses the epistemological question of how we know what we know and theoretically and empirically contributes to current arguments of a shift from embodiment to emplacement. In other words, this study strives for understanding of the intersection of mind, body and place through a focus on how bodily knowing is formed as part of a moving world. The purpose of the paper is to explore the kinaesthetic experience as bodily knowing in emplaced semi-formal teaching. Through long-term ethnography in a Swedish skateboard setting and in-depth analysis of digital visual material, this paper demonstrates how kinaesthetic experience might be viewed as knowing and how a particular type of this experience might be interpreted as explosiveness and, as such, an act of physical remembrance and energy transformation. Knowing is formed along paths of movement and rhythm, and kinaesthesia is identified as a multisensory experience. It is argued that a fruitful way of bridging the mind–body divide is to view the body as un/knowing, rendering it both knowing and not knowing simultaneously. Moreover, emplaced via its senses in a sociocultural and spatio-temporal environment, this conceptualisation of a moving body in a moving world might allow for re-thinking regarding how a body in context knows, teaches and, possibly, learns.
|
|
| 34. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Knowing As "Känsla" : Accounting For Knowing As An Outcome Of Sensory Emplaced Learning
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within education studies there have been calls for systematic attention to how learning is situated, to the notion of context and to experiential elements of learning. In recent decades theories of situated learning and cognitive learning theories have existed in a critical relationship to each other and by the twenty first century a major debate raged between the two positions (Sfard, 1998; Säljö, 2003, Hodkinson et al 2008). At a more sophisticated level situated learning theory offers an alternative to cognitive learning theories that draw on the root metaphor of acquisition. Instead it understands thinking as embedded in social and material practices and conceptualises learning through the metaphor of participation (Lave & Wenger, 1991).In this context there is an on-going search for new ways to understand the situatedness of learning as well as its experiential qualities. In our recent work we have addressed this need by developing a framework that builds on Lave and Wenger’s ideas of situatedness and Hodkinssons’et. al (2008) call for moving on from the recent debate between cognitive and sociocultural theorists informed by theories of place, perception and the senses. Theories of place, perception and knowledge in human geography and anthropology, offer an ideal route through which to respond to this call. They offer accounts of place that acknowledge the relationship between spatial and temporal process (Massey 2005), and the embodied nature of learning, while advancing the agenda further to suggest that the senses and the environment are central to how we learn (e.g. Ingold 2000, Pink 2009).We call this framework sensory emplaced learning (Fors, Bäckström & Pink, 2013), through which we conceptualize how learning is situated in the dynamics between body– senses – material environments.In this paper we draw from our respective ethnographic research projects on social and cultural informal learning among young people in two very different, albeit Swedish, contexts. Through our field work with people on the one hand publishing and talking about images and texts on a particular website and on the other hand practicing skateboarding, we have come to question the idea of knowledge as acquisition. This mainly cognitive metaphor for learning and knowing applies poorly to the practices of learning and knowing that we have studied. Instead, we argue for a theoretical development around the Swedish term “känsla”, (pronounced shensla). This Swedish word encompasses feeling, sensation, affect, emotion and style and derives from the verb känna – to feel, to sense. Etymologically the word is closely related to one of the Swedish words for knowledge – “kännedom” (Wessén, 1982). Hence, the main objective of this paper is to develop the theoretical thinking that revolve around the Swedish conceptualisation of “känsla” which, we argue, could provide useful for analysing how we know, handle and make meaning of everyday life in and through our sensorial bodies emplaced in material contexts.Methodology, Methods, Research Instruments or Sources Used The empirical material analysed in this paper emanates from two different sets of data that was produced in two different research projects with a similar methodological ethnographic approach; sensory ethnography (as developed by Pink 2009/2012). A sensory ethnography approach has the advantage of focusing the experiences of lived space, i.e. the crossroads between people’s bodies, their minds and place. In other words, it may be used to describe and analyse what we have previously labelled sensory emplacement (Fors, Bäckström & Pink, 2013; Pink, 2011). The first research project focused on informal learning processes in women skateboarding contexts mainly including unregulated skateboarding, but also contests, skate camps and a skate tour at indoor and outdoor skateparks. Addressing didactic issues of verbal and non verbal expressions of teaching and learning a sensory ethnography approach made bodily un/knowing apparent. The kinesthetic experience of explosiveness, defined as enforcement and transformation of energy, was remembered and also implicitly imagined as part of movement (Bäckström, 2014). For the purpose of this paper data from the first project predominately consist of written field notes, photographs, as well as interview and video transcripts. During the second project, we spent time with the research participants sharing the same computer screen when they used the Internet to gain an appreciation of how they embed these technologies in the routines and habits of their everyday life (Fors, 2013). We were specifically inspired by the notion of how visual experience is part of the multisensory process of moving through the digital, paying attention to “the ways the body is engaged in imagining and remembering” the localities and persons that Internet content represent and there by “move beyond the notion of ‘looking at’ images on a screen” (Pink, 2012:122). The data produced for the analysis presented in this paper consist of interview transcripts, photographs and entries/comments from the photo diaries, and video-recorded interviews during the sessions when the participants guided us through their use of these digital diaries.Conclusions, Expected Outcomes or Findings Our analysis made clear that it is possible to deepen our understanding of how learning becomes situated in human practice through identifying alternative and multisensory categories of routes to knowing. In this research, the research participants described their learning experiences through qualities deeply embedded in embodied and emplaced practices. Through a sensory ethnographic approach we identified one specific quality that highlights both embodied and emplaced aspects of learning and may be used to move further sensory emplaced implications on theories of situated learning. We call this quality “känsla”. As mentioned above, this Swedish word includes multiple meanings where feeling, sensation, affect, emotion and style are the most important. Moreover, our analysis shows that “känsla” is a concept that is constituted of multiple aspects of knowing. It engages the senses, it unfolds in the interface between body and the material environment, it engages the body through affect, and it is situated within, and thereby characterized by, distinct social and cultural settings. It is also a concept that becomes evident in both material and digital contexts, and both embodied, emplaced and virtual practices.References Ingold, Tim. 2000. The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill. London: Routledge. Lave, Jean and Wenger, Etienne. 1991. Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Marchand, Trevor. 2007. “Crafting Knowledge: The Role of ‘Parsing and Production of Skill-Based Knowledge among Masons.” In: M. Harris (ed.), Ways of Knowing: New Approaches in the Anthropology of Knowledge and Learning. New York: Berghahn Books. Pink, Sarah. 2009. Doing Sensory Ethnography. London: Sage.Intent of Publication This is an original paper which will be submitted to the Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research.
|
|
| 35. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Kroppen, brädan, lärandet
- 2010. - 1
-
Ingår i: Den lärande staden. - Umeå : Boréa. - 9789189140653 ; , s. 113-129
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I stadslandskapet manifesteras människans makt över naturen. Staden är dynamisk; den skapas och omskapas ständigt i takt med förändrade politiska och kulturella ideal. Dess olika miljöer används – medvetet och omedvetet – för olika typer av lärande. Skolgården och slottsparken kan fungera som budbärare med pedagogiska avsikter för både barn och vuxna, gallerian kan ses som ett klassrum och detaljhandeln som kunskaps- och kulturformande faktorer. När olika grupper intar det offentliga rummet uppstår nya mötesplatser och samspelsmönster. Ser det sociala samspelet likadant ut i förorten, på handelsgatan och i innerstaden? Hur och när tar exempelvis unga kvinnor staden i besittning?
|
|
| 36. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Känsla och kroppsligt kunnade inom idrott / "Känsla" and bodily knowing in sports
- 2015
-
Ingår i: In the flow.. - Linköping.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inom idrott är känsla något en har eller inte. Känsla sätts ofta som förled till idrottsliga attiraljer eller idrottsliga göranden. Bollkänsla innebär en förmåga att hantera bollar på ett skickligt sätt och matchkänsla innebär att ha en helhetssyn på matchen. Till skillnad mot teknik, som kan övas upp, är känsla en förmåga som omtalas termer av kroppslig kompetens som funnits med hela livet. Känsla har också en estetisk dimension. I detta paper diskuteras idrottens känsla i relation till fenomenologisk teori. Genom empiriska exempel från etnografiska studier om idrott, synliggörs hur känslan och dess olika dimensioner kan sägas vara betydelsefulla komponenter i konstruktionen av kunnande.
|
|
| 37. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Learning to see – learning to know : Transforming visual information to kinesthetic experience
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This panel/workshop presents ways that visual methods of investigation, documentation, practice and performance are used in different processes of learning. Drawing on educational settings in journalism, media studies and art education, and also informal learning settings where visual documentation plays a central role, the panel addresses forms of knowledge that arise through visual practices. The limitations of the visual are also addressed, in particular the forms of knowledge that are precluded when visual regimes are considered primary.Åsa Bäckström, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Child and Youth Studies, Stockholm University, draws on her studies of skateboarders to examine the ways they transform visual documentation (both hers and their own) into kinesthetic experience as they refine their bodily knowing in order to become increasingly proficient. An exclusive focus on the visual ignores the other sensory forms so critical to the integrated knowing which is the basis of the skateboarder’s performance.
|
|
| 38. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Lekar för nytta och nöje : Recension av Hanran, Stephanie J. & Teresa B. Carlson, 2006, Game Skills: A Fun Approach to Learning Sport Skills.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Idrottsforum. - 1652-7224.
-
Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Åsa Bäckström är noga med att påpeka att hon inte är den bäst lämpade recensenten för den bok tjänstgörande redaktör valde att skicka henne, nämligen Game Skills: A Fun Approach to Learning Sport Skills av Stephanie J. Hanrahan och Teresa B. Carlson (Human Kinetics). Hon är inte idrottslärare och inte idrottsledare. Och boken avser att vara en inspirationskälla för just lärare och ledare inom idrott och fysisk aktivitet, en idébank för att hålla elever och studenter sysselsatta med lekar och spel och samtidigt ha roligt. Vår recensents specialkompetens, skriver hon, lämpar sig bättre för att göra en kulturanalys av boken. Och just en tilltalande kulturanalytisk ton är det som präglar hennes fylliga, problematiserande och intresseväckande recension. Game Skills presenterar dryga hundratalet ”lekar” för deltagare i varierande åldrar, med detaljerade instruktioner, lättfattligt, och med glimten i ögat. Boken lämpar sig väl, menar Bäckström, för blivande idrottslärare eftersom den också erbjuder en nyttig lektion i engelska. Men hon skulle nog först se vad den svenska litteraturen på området kan erbjuda innan hon själv tog in den i undervisningen.
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Nyttig uppslagsbok om ungdom och idrott
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Idrottsforum.org. - Malmö : Idrottsvetenskap, Lärarutbildningen, Malmö högskola. - 1652-7224.
-
Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det är tveklöst så att ungdomsidrotten och skolidrotten, det vill säga idrott som utförs inom skolans ram, är problematisk; det är inget man bara kan överlämna till idrottsrörelsen respektive skolans idrottslärare att ta hand om. Bara i föreliggande uppdatering recenseras tre ungdomsidrottsböcker, dels en om coachning av barn och ungdom, dels en om sociala supportsystem för ungdomar i fysisk aktivitet, samt dels Ken Greens nya bok Key Themes in Youth Sport (Routledge). Skälen till att så mycket forskaruppmärksamhet ägnas just ungdomars idrottsdeltagande är många och synnerligen godtagbara, särskilt om man accepterar att idrott a priori betraktas som ett gott i sig och därmed något som barn och ungdomar ska dras in i; barn och ungdomar är å andra sidan, till följd av sin åldersbetingade sårbarhet, a posteriori i behov av extra omsorg – och stöd av forskning. Vi gav Ken Greens bok till Åsa Bäckström, som konstaterar att det här rör sig om något som närmast får betraktas som en uppslagsbok, med 45 nyckelteman från ability and talent till youth’s new condition. Man kan i sådana här sammanhang alltid diskutera urval, och det gör vår recensent, kritiskt och sansat, och hon kommer slutgiltigt fram till att Greens sociologiskt konstruerade teman är användbara, inte minst för att boken också pekar ut en fortsatt färdriktning i kunskapsprocessen genom dess definitioner, statistik, referenser och tankegångar.
|
|
| 43. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Nyttig uppslagsbok om ungdom och idrott : Ken Green, Key Themes in Youth Sport
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Idrottsforum.org/Nordic sport science forum. - 1652-7224.
-
Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det är tveklöst så att ungdomsidrotten och skolidrotten, det vill säga idrott som utförs inom skolans ram, är problematisk; det är inget man bara kan överlämna till idrottsrörelsen respektive skolans idrottslärare att ta hand om. Bara i föreliggande uppdatering recenseras tre ungdomsidrottsböcker, dels en om coachning av barn och ungdom, dels en om sociala supportsystem för ungdomar i fysisk aktivitet, samt dels Ken Greens nya bok Key Themes in Youth Sport (Routledge). Skälen till att så mycket forskaruppmärksamhet ägnas just ungdomars idrottsdeltagande är många och synnerligen godtagbara, särskilt om man accepterar att idrott a priori betraktas som ett gott i sig och därmed något som barn och ungdomar ska dras in i; barn och ungdomar är å andra sidan, till följd av sin åldersbetingade sårbarhet, a posteriori i behov av extra omsorg – och stöd av forskning. Vi gav Ken Greens bok till Åsa Bäckström, som konstaterar att det här rör sig om något som närmast får betraktas som en uppslagsbok, med 45 nyckelteman från ability and talent till youth’s new condition. Man kan i sådana här sammanhang alltid diskutera urval, och det gör vår recensent, kritiskt och sansat, och hon kommer slutgiltigt fram till att Greens sociologiskt konstruerade teman är användbara, inte minst för att boken också pekar ut en fortsatt färdriktning i kunskapsprocessen genom dess definitioner, statistik, referenser och tankegångar.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
På den postmoderna vågen
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Idrottsforum. - Malmö : Idrottsvetenskap, Lärarutbildningen, Malmö högskola. - 1652-7224.
-
Recension (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 46. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
På snowboard genom teoridjungeln : recension av Snowboarding Bodies in Theory and Practice / Holly Thorpe
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Idrottsforum.org/Nordic sport science forum. - 1652-7224. ; :12 maj
-
Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här boken är skriven med avgångsstudenter i åtanke. Boken ska enligt författaren locka till användande av teorier och till tänkande med hjälp av teorier. Den ska presentera teorier på ett tillgängligt sätt. Teorierna i fråga är sociologiska och angränsande till detta akademiska fält. Varje kapitel i boken tar en eller två teorier som utgångspunkt för att belysa snowboard. Studenter skulle då kunna omsätta dessa exemplifierande kapitel och inspireras till att använda teorierna i sina egna arbeten som inte nödvändigtvis behöver handla om just snowboard. Kapitlen är tematiska och handlar till exempel om genus och kropp, om representationer i medier, och om makt och politik.
|
|
| 47. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Routes and roots to knowing in Shaun White’s snowboarding road trip : A mycorrhizaic approach to multisensory emplaced learning in exergames
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Sport Studies Forum. - Malmö : Department of Sport Sciences, Malmö University. - 2000-088X. ; 10, s. 251-278
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores learning during game-play of a snowboarding video game intrigued by questions raised in the wake of the increasing mediatisation and digitisation of learning. Correspondingly, we answer to calls for more suitable metaphors for learning to cater for the entangled learning processes that changes related to the increase of digital media may infer. Using a short term sensory ethnography approach, we elaborate on the idea of multisensory emplaced learning and propose an organic metaphor – mycorrhiza – to both methodology and learning. Mycorrhiza refers to a symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots of plants in its environment where fungi are the visible effects of the mycorrhiza. The metaphor provides a way to start to unpack sensory, visual and embodied aspects of learning in the complexities of the digital age. By elaborating on the mycorrhizaic concepts fungus, soil, growth, mycelia and symbiosis we show three interrelated ways of moving through this game: (i) a social and cultural route, (ii) a competitive route, and (iii) an experiential route. With help of the metaphor we discern the symbiotic relations between what appeared in our empirical material as visual and other human and non-human aspects of emplacement.
|
|
| 48. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sensory-affective and Social Negotiations in the Changing Room
- 2021
-
Ingår i: ECER 2021..
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ContributionChanging rooms are contested spaces in school settings in Europe. In some countries, such as Norway, a majority (97 %) of the pupils aged 10-16 years in compulsory school use the changing room in connection to PEH, with a slightly lower number using the showers (80,5%) (Mordahl Moen, Westli, & Skille. 2017). In England, however, only 39 % of the similar age group 11-16 year olds reported that they always or sometimes shower (Sandercock, Ogunleye, & Voss. 2016). Amongst Danish pupils (age 16-19) slightly less showered after PEH, 37% (GIPS, 2018). There were no gender differences in these studies (Couturier, Chepko, & Coughlin. 2007; Mordahl Moen, Westli, & Skille. 2017; Sandercock, Ogunleye, & Voss. 2016).Although the most common reason for avoiding to take a shower after class was lack of time and the reason for not attending PEH-class at all was to avoid being sweaty when going to the next class (Couturier, Chepko, & Coughlin. 2005), it is reasonable to believe that there might be other explanations too. Pupils may feel uncomfortable in this space for a variety of reasons (Frydendahl & Friis Thing, 2020). Getting undressed in front of peers may be experienced as a vulnerable situation due to personal insecurity or fear of exposure in social media. Puberty is a particularly susceptible period in life because of bodily changes, and exposure of breast, pubic hair or lack thereof, may inflict both shame and pride among peers. Yet, changing clothes in these spaces is often a compulsory activity for pupils attending PEH- classes both before such an activity and afterwards.The changing room provides a site for transforming yourself from the everyday you to the sporting you and then back again. This transformation involves socio-cultural, material, sensorial and affective aspects. For instance, shedding the outer skin, metaphorically speaking, reveals what is beneath, i.e. the naked body with all its beauty and fleshly flaws. This is a place for negotiating and regulating looks, but also for negotiating and regulating observational practices. Moreover, having showers after physical include a component of hygiene.As a teacher in PEH, handling changing room situations are part and parcel of everyday life. Students in this type of teacher training have considerable personal experience from changing rooms and will also be responsible for their future pupils’ transitions to and from physical activity. Yet, little attention is normally given to changing room practices during teacher training. In order to address this gap, the overall aim of this study was to describe and analyse the affective experiences related to the changing room practices expressed by students in PEH teacher training and further to analyse the students’ reflections on their future teaching practices concerning this space. To meet this aim, three research questions were developed: 1) How did the students describe their changing room practices, 2) which were the occurring affects stimulated in the changing room context, 3) how did the students reflect on their forthcoming pedagogical practices involving changing room procedures for their pupils?Theoretically, this study draws from Tomkins’ (1962; 1963; 1991) ideas of affect and scripts, further elaborated by scholars such as Demos (Tomkins & Demos 1995) and Probyn (2005). Affect is described as a primary motivator in human beings and is, in contrast to feelings and emotion, a basic system for human functioning (Tomkins & Demos, 1995). Thus, feelings are the consciousness of affect. Script theory is based on behaviour and personal structure as responses to affect. Tomkins argued that behaviour and personal structures develop when affect is triggered in a certain intensity, place, event, or situation: so-called affective scenes.MethodMethodologically, this study is inspired by Pink’s notion of sensory ethnography (Pink 2015). Pink proposed an “emplaced ethnography that attends to the question of experience by accounting for the relationships between bodies, minds, and the materiality and sensoriality of the environment” (2015, p. 28). In this way a focus is placed on the experiencing body and mind in a material environment. We have employed what could be termed short term ethnography (Pink & Morgan, 2013) or focused ethnography (Andreassen, K. Christensen & Møller, 2019). Six students in PEH teacher training volunteered as research participants. The students (3 women and 3 men) ranged between 23 and 28 years of age and were all enrolled at a sports university college in one of Sweden’s largest cities. All of the participants had teaching experience, either from teacher training or from previous employment. Five of the participants did their fourth semester and one did his second semester. In practice, we filmed semi-structured interviews walking and talking through the changing room practices in situ. The research participants selected changing rooms at the university college. For ethical reasons, the research participants were fully dressed and the changing rooms were empty of other people. Besides the interviews taking place in a potentially compromising space, video recording may be more intrusive than other methods (Öhman and Quennerstedt 2012). Therefore, ethical consideration was of utmost importance and strict measures were continuously taken into account (Pink 2015; Vetenskapsrådet, 2002). The video recordings provided rich and multi-layered data in line with Pink and Morgan (2013) who argue that the intensity and depth of content may be well captured through visual methods. In our study, in the actual changing room, the video recordings allowed participants to describe the multisensory experiences and different strategies for various types of movement, such as going in and out of the shower and the different stages of getting dressed or undressed. The recordings lasted on average 39 minutes. Transcription included spoken language, bodily comportment and spatial location. Extreme accuracy was applied in the transcription where a word-by-word approach was used. Each spoken word and meaningful pause, bodily action, facial expression and movement was transcribed (Knoblauch, Tuma & Schnettler, 2014; Kvale, 2007). The data was analysed for content by coding, categorizing and finally thematising. This process was guided by the research questions and the theoretical framework, but it was an open and inductive enterprise (Julien, 2008).Expected OutcomesThe research participants in our study can be categorised as young adults having experiences from various changing rooms both as pupils, students, teachers-in-training and as a persons with interest for physical activity, making them rich in experience, especially in school settings. The study indicated affective scenes of shame in changing room practice for these teachers-to-be. The affect of shame was detected and structured by previous experiences and the material and social condition of the room. Some positive affect was also detected, such as joy. As a response to the affect of shame, the participants used shame-management scripts. These were adhering to their practices as in the choice of a spot, positioning, high pace, and always being covered by towel or clothes. Some macho scripts were also detected. Despite the affect of shame and the use of shame-management scripts, the overall perception of changing rooms was good and associated with positive experiences. These experiences arose most often from circumstances surrounding the changing room rather than from the changing room itself, such as physical activity and the lingering feeling of freshness. The results in our study are consistent with previous studies in observing dilemmas in the changing rooms, involving discomfort, experiences of unwanted visibility, and shame. It is also in line with previous research which shows how these experiences sometimes lead to alternative ways to cater for hygiene. These findings are troublesome as previous research has suggested that both younger children and adults seem to cope better in the changing rooms compared to adolescents. The research participants expressed great concern about their future professional challenges and reflected lengthily on strategies to make changing room practices smooth for their future pupils. For example, they would try to obtain a laid back attitude towards menstruation.References Andreassen, K, Christensen, M. & Møller, J. (2019) Focused ethnography as an approach in medical education research. Medical education, 54:4, 296-302. Couturier, LE., Chepko, S., Coughlin, MA. (2005). Student Voices – What Middle and High School Students Have to Say about Physical Education. Physical Educator, 62:4. 170–178. Couturier, LE., Chepko, S., Coughlin, MA. (2007). Whose Gym Is It? Gendered Perspectives on Middle and Secondary School Physical Education. Physical Educator, 64:3, 152–159. Frydendal, S., & Friis Thing, L. (2020) A shameful affair? A figurational study of the change room and showering culture connected to physical education in Danish upper secondary schools. Sport, Education and Society, 25:2, 161–172. Julien, H. (2008). Content analysis. In Given, L. M. (Ed). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods (1st ed., pp. 121–122). Sage. Knoblauch, H., Tuma, R., & Schnettler, B. (2014). Video analysis and videography. In U. Flick. (Ed). The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis (1st ed., pp. 435–449). Sage. Mordahl Moen, K., Westli, K., Skille, EÅ. (2017). Nakenhet som allmenndanning. Garderobesituasjon og kroppsovning slik norske grunnskoleelever opplever det. Norsk Pedagogiks Tidskrift, 101:1, 5–18. O’Donovan, T., Sandford, R., & Kirk, D. (2015). Bourdieu in the changing room. In L. Hunter, W. Smith, & E. Emerald (Eds.), Pierre Bourdieu and physical culture. Routledge. 57-64. Pink, S., & Morgan, J. (2013). Short term ethnography: Intense routes to knowing. Symbolic In
|
|
| 49. |
- Bäckström, Åsa, 1966-
(författare)
-
Sinnlig, skamlös och stolt - om kvinnlig svensk skateboardåkning.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Kultur~Natur. - Linköping : ACSIS, Linköpings universitet. ; , s. 91-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Det har skett ett antal vändningar inom samhällsvetenskaplig forskning på senare tid. En sådan vändning har beskrivits som kroppslig, och som en konsekvens därav kan vi enligt somliga idag också tala om en sinnlig revolution. Skateboardåkning är en synnerligen fysisk aktivitet där kroppens sinnen används i hög grad. Ljudet av hjulen mot underlaget indikerar till exempel materialets beskaffenhet och brädans fart för utövaren. I den här presentationen diskuteras (kvinno-)kroppens upplevelse av skateboardåkning. I kroppen omsätts omgivningens arkitektur till sinnlig upplevelse och affekt. Där möts den fysiologiska känslan och den sociokulturella. Kroppar uttrycker och gör. De lyckas och misslyckas. De strålar av lycka och böjer sig i skam. Teoretisk inspiration hämtas från Tomkins bland andra.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
