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1.
  • Allard, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Comparing capillary electrophoresis : mass spectrometry fingerprints of urine samples obtained after intake of coffee, tea, or water.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 80:23, s. 8946-8955
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Metabolomic fingerprinting is a growing strategy for characterizing complex biological samples without detailed prior knowledge about the metabolic system. A two-way analysis system with liquid separation and mass spectrometric detection provides detail-rich data suitable for such fingerprints. As a model study, human urine samples, obtained after intake of coffee, tea, or water, were analyzed with capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE−ESI-TOF-MS). In-house-developed software (in Matlab) was utilized to manage and explore the large amount of data acquired (230 CE−MS runs, each with 50−100 million nonzero data points). After baseline and noise reduction, followed by suitable binning in time and m/z, the data sets comprised 9 and 14 million data points in negative and positive ESI mode, respectively. Finally, a signal threshold was applied, further reducing the number to about 100 000 data points per data set. A set of interactive exploratory tools, utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) results based on a general linear model, facilitated visual interpretation with score plots (for group assessment) and differential fingerprints (for “hot spot” detection). In the model study highly significant differences due to beverage intake were obtained among the 10 first principal components (p < 10−6 for two of the components in both ESI modes). Especially, the contrasts between “coffee” and “tea or water” indicated several “hot spots” with highly elevated intensities (e.g., for uncharged masses 93, 94, 109, 119, 123, 132, 148, 169, 178, 187, 190, and 193) suitable for further analysis, for example, with tandem MS.
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2.
  • Almqvist, Bjarne, et al. (författare)
  • Magnetic characterisation of magnetite and hematite from the Blötberget apatite-iron-oxide deposits (Bergslagen), south-central Sweden
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Canadian journal of earth sciences (Print). - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0008-4077 .- 1480-3313. ; 56:9, s. 948-957
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rock magnetic measurements were carried out on drill core material and hand specimens from the Blötberget apatite-iron oxide deposit in the Bergslagen ore province, south-central Sweden, to characterise their magnetic properties. Measurements included several kinds of magnetic susceptibility and hysteresis parameters. Petrographic and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to independently identify and quantify the amount and type of magnetite and hematite. Two hematite-rich samples were studied with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to quantify the trace element chemistry in hematite and investigate the potential influence of trace elements on magnetic properties. Three aspects of this study are noteworthy. 1) Hematite-rich samples display strong anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, which is likely to affect the appearance and modelling of magnetic anomalies. 2) The magnitude-drop in susceptibility across Curie and Néel temperature transitions show significant correlation with the respective weight percent (wt%) of magnetite and hematite. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements can therefore be used to infer the amounts of both magnetite and hematite. 3) observations of a strongly depressed Morin transition at ca -60 to -70 C (200 to 210 K) are made during low-temperature susceptibility measurements. This anomalous Morin transition is most likely related to trace amounts of V and Ti that substitute for Fe in the hematite. When taken together, these magnetic observations improve the understanding of the magnetic anomaly signature of the Blötberget apatite-iron oxide deposits and may potentially be utilised in a broader context when assessing similar (Paleoproterozoic) apatite-iron oxide systems.
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3.
  • Bergman, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • Pre-existing canine anti-IgG antibodies: implications for immunotherapy, immunogenicity testing and immunoassay analysis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • One of the most enigmatic features of humoral immunity is the prevalent presence of circulating autoantibodies against IgG. These autoantibodies consist of several subsets, including rheumatoid factors, anti-Fab/anti-F(ab′)2-autoantibodies, and anti-idiotypic antibodies. Anti-IgG autoantibodies can impair the safety and efficacy of therapeutic antibodies and interfere with immunogenicity tests in clinical trials. They can also cross-react with allospecific IgG, presenting as heterophilic antibodies that interfere with diagnostic immunoassays. Owing to these factors, recent years have seen a resurgent interest in anti-IgG autoantibodies, but their underlying clinical significance, as well as biological roles and origins, remain opaque. Increased knowledge about canine anti-IgG autoantibodies could facilitate the development of canine immunotherapies and help in understanding and counteracting immunoassay interference. This study investigated the clinical significance and interconnection of heterophilic antibodies, anti-Fab, and anti-F(ab′)2-autoantibodies in dogs. We performed a 2-year prospective follow-up of dogs with heterophilic antibodies and analyzed serum for anti-Fab and anti-F(ab′)2-autoantibodies. Canine heterophilic antibodies can persist for at least 2 years in serum. A widespread occurrence of anti-Fab and anti-F(ab′)2-autoantibodies was found, with reactivity to cryptic epitopes in the IgG hinge region and sporadic cross-reactivity with mouse IgG. Canine anti-Fab and anti-F(ab′)2-autoantibodies are thus potential sources of clinical immunogenicity and immunoassay interference.
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6.
  • Bäckström, Daniel, 1985 (författare)
  • Experimental and modelling studies of particle radiation in flames
  • 2015
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Combustion of solid fuels is an important part of many industrial and power generation processes. The global use of coal in these processes is vast and thus also the related emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere. It is not possible to continue on the path with continuously increasing emissions of CO2 if the global climate targets should be met. Two strategies to reduce the emissions from large scale coal combustion is to apply oxy-fuel combustion, which is one of the proposed Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies, or to switch fuel from coal to biomass. Solid fuels are often combusted in pulverized form in flames, where radiation is the most important heat transfer mechanism. When firing solid fuels particle radiation is the dominating contributor to the radiative heat transfer. Application of either oxy-fuel combustion or fuel-switching in combustion processes will change the radiative conditions in the combustion chamber, which implies that knowledge about the main heat transfer mechanism is needed when designing or retrofitting furnaces for the new conditions. The aim with this work is to develop a methodology combining measurements and modelling to quantify the radiative heat transfer in flames, with a special emphasis on the particle radiation features. Parameters, which are of particular importance in flame combustion such as particle temperature, particle type and size distribution have been measured, and the influence on the flame radiation has been analyzed using a detailed radiation model. The experimental work was performed in Chalmers 100 kWfuel oxy-fuel test unit and in a 400 kWfuel scale model of a rotary kiln furnace. In the 400 kW unit the influence on flame radiation of co-firing of coal and biomass was studied. The radiative intensity, measured with a narrow angle radiometer, has been used as reference data in all studies. An optical FTIR based system for measurement of the in-flame spectral radiation was tested and a system for extraction of particles from the flames was developed in this work. The particle size distribution and particle type were investigated using a low-pressure impactor and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). Detailed models describing the gas and particle properties were applied in the modelling work: a statistical narrow band model for the gas properties and Mie- or Rayleigh theory for the particle properties. In all investigated solid fuel flames, particles were found to dominate the radiation. In the investigated lignite flame in the Chalmers unit, char particles were found to be the main contributor with only a small influence of soot. In an analysis of spectrally resolved particle radiation, the temperature of the char particles was estimated to be approximately 200°C lower than the gas temperature in a position corresponding to peak temperature conditions of the flame. The soot volume fraction in a sooting air fired propane flame was determined to be 6E-8 based on measurements with the SMPS instrument, and this concentration resulted in a good agreement between modelled and measured intensity. The results from the 400 kW study showed that it is possible to obtain similar radiation intensity in the co-firing flames as in the coal flames. But, the length of the radiating part of the flames was shorter for the co-firing flames. Radiation measurements in flames of two almost identical coal types for similar combustion conditions revealed a significant difference in the radiative intensity. This result shows the difficulty of predicting flame radiation without performing measurements, since the radiation depends on factors such as soot formation, which is highly dependent on fuel and combustion conditions.
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7.
  • Bäckström, Daniel, 1985 (författare)
  • Experimental and modelling studies of radiative heat transfer in flames
  • 2013
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Combustion of solid fuels is used extensively for electricity generation purposes. However, combustion of fossil fuels leads to CO2 emissions which enhance the greenhouse gas effect. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a proposed solution where the CO2 is captured and stored instead of being emitted to the atmosphere. One of the main CCS technologies considered is oxy-fuel combustion. In the present work, the radiative heat transfer occurring in both air-fuel and oxy-fuel atmospheres are investigated.The most common technique for combustion of solid fuels is pulverized coal combustion. Coal is milled and fed to the furnace in a number of burners where the coal is combusted. In the furnace radiative heat transfer is the dominating heat transfer mechanism and both particles and gases contribute to this heat transfer. In oxy-fuel combustion, the air is replaced by oxygen and recirculated flue gases, providing a N2-free flue gas. This changes the radiative properties of the gas and enables flexible operation of the furnaces which requires a fundamental understanding of the heat transfer in the combustion chamber. This work is therefore focused on radiative heat transfer with special emphasis on particle radiation which is an important topic both in air- and oxy-fuel flames. This work combines experimental work and modelling with the aim to discuss and answer important questions related to radiation in coal and gas-fired flames. The two topics in focus are particle radiation and Turbulence-Radiation Interaction. The experimental work has been performed in the Chalmers 100 kW oxy-fuel test unit. A new methodology has been developed to study the particle radiation in coal flames. The method consists of a combination of experimental and modelling work. The experiments include measurements of spectrally resolved radiation, total radiative intensity, gas temperature and gas composition. The spectrally resolved radiation was measured with an FTIR-based probe technique which provides simultaneous estimation of the particle temperature and the amount of particles present in the flame. The radiation modelling is based on particle properties from the Mie-theory and a Statistical Narrow-Band model for the gas properties. The radiative intensity was calculated and finally compared with the measured total radiative intensity with a Narrow Angle Radiometer. The modelled and measured intensity agrees well, which demonstrates the potential of the methodology. The methodology also makes it possible to estimate the soot volume fraction and the contribution from soot to the total particle radiation. The results showed that the soot volume fraction in the centre position of the investigated flame is approximately 1e-7 and that the soot contributes with maximum 40% of the total particle radiation. The Turbulence-Radiation Interactions was evaluated with a simplified model where the temperature fluctuations were measured with the FTIR-based system. The investigation was carried out in two oxy-fuel and one air-fired propane flame. Fluctuations in gas temperature of up to 400 K were seen, but the influence from these fluctuations on the radiative heat transfer was negligible. The temperature fluctuations observed in both the air-fired and the oxy-fuel flames were in the same order of magnitude
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8.
  • Bäckström, Daniel, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Gas temperature and radiative heat transfer in oxy-fuel flames
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: The 37th International Technical Conference on Clean Coal & Fuel Systems, Clearwater USA, 3-7/6-2012. - 9780932066374
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This work presents measurements of the gas temperature, including fluctuations, and its influence on the radiative heat transfer in oxy-fuel flames. The measurements were carried out in the Chalmers 100 kW oxy-fuel test unit. The in-furnace gas temperature was measured by a suction pyrometer and by an optical system based on FTIR-spectroscopy. The radiation intensity was measured by a Narrow Angle Radiometer and the gas radiation was calculated with a Statistical Narrow Band model. The overall agreement between the two temperature measurement techniques was good. The optical system showed a lower temperature than the suction pyrometer in the low velocity regions of the furnace, a difference which is likely to be an effect of the purge gas added in the optical probe. The measured temperature fluctuations were evaluated by modeling of the gas radiation. The influence from the measured fluctuations on the radiative heat transfer shows no effect of turbulence-radiation interaction. However, by comparing with temperature fluctuations in other flames it can be seen that the fluctuations measured here are relatively small. Further research is needed to clarify to which extent the applied methods can account for the turbulence-radiation interaction in the investigated flame.
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9.
  • Bäckström, Daniel, 1973- (författare)
  • Managing and Exploring Large Data Sets Generated by Liquid Separation - Mass Spectrometry
  • 2007
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • A trend in natural science and especially in analytical chemistry is the increasing need for analysis of a large number of complex samples with low analyte concentrations. Biological samples (urine, blood, plasma, cerebral spinal fluid, tissue etc.) are often suitable for analysis with liquid separation mass spectrometry (LS-MS), resulting in two-way data tables (time vs. m/z). Such biological 'fingerprints' taken for all samples in a study correspond to a large amount of data. Detailed characterization requires a high sampling rate in combination with high mass resolution and wide mass range, which presents a challenge in data handling and exploration. This thesis describes methods for managing and exploring large data sets made up of such detailed 'fingerprints' (represented as data matrices). The methods were implemented as scripts and functions in Matlab, a wide-spread environment for matrix manipulations. A single-file structure to hold the imported data facilitated both easy access and fast manipulation. Routines for baseline removal and noise reduction were intended to reduce the amount of data without loosing relevant information. A tool for visualizing and exploring single runs was also included. When comparing two or more 'fingerprints' they usually have to be aligned due to unintended shifts in analyte positions in time and m/z. A PCA-like multivariate method proved to be less sensitive to such shifts, and an ANOVA implementation made it easier to find systematic differences within the data sets. The above strategies and methods were applied to complex samples such as plasma, protein digests, and urine. The field of application included urine profiling (paracetamole intake; beverage effects), peptide mapping (different digestion protocols) and search for potential biomarkers (appendicitis diagnosis) . The influence of the experimental factors was visualized by PCA score plots as well as clustering diagrams (dendrograms).
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10.
  • Bäckström, Daniel, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Measurement and Modeling of Particle Radiation in Coal Flames
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5029 .- 0887-0624. ; 28:3, s. 2199-2210
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This work aims at developing a methodology that can provide information of in-flame particle radiation in industrial-scale flames. The method is based on a combination of experimental and modeling work. The experiments have been performed in the high-temperature zone of a 77 kWth swirling lignite flame. Spectral radiation, total radiative intensity, gas temperature, and gas composition were measured, and the radiative intensity in the furnace was modeled with an axisymmetric cylindrical radiation model using Mie theory for the particle properties and a statistical narrow-band model for the gas properties. The in-flame particle radiation was measured with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer connected to a water-cooled probe via fiber optics. In the cross-section of the flame investigated, the particles were found to be the dominating source of radiation. Apart from giving information about particle radiation and temperature, the methodology can also provide estimates of the amount of soot radiation and the maximum contribution from soot radiation compared to the total particle radiation. In the center position in the flame, the maximum contribution from soot radiation was estimated to be less than 40% of the particle radiation. As a validation of the methodology, the modeled total radiative intensity was compared to the total intensity measured with a narrow angle radiometer and the agreement in the results was good, supporting the validity of the used approach.
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11.
  • Bäckström, Daniel, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Measurement of the size distribution, volume fraction and optical properties of soot in an 80 kW propane flame
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Combustion and Flame. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-2180 .- 1556-2921. ; 186, s. 325-334
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This work presents measurements of the size distribution, volume fraction, absorption and scattering coefficients of soot in an 80 kW swirling propane-fired flame. Extractive measurements were performed in the flame using an oil-cooled particle extraction probe. The particle size distribution was measured with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and the optical properties were measured using a Photo Acoustic Soot Spectrometer (PASS-3). A detailed radiation model was used to examine the influence of the soot volume fraction on the particle radiation intensity. The properties of the gas were calculated with a statistical narrow-band model and the particle properties were calculated using Rayleigh theory with four different complex indices of refraction for soot particles. The modelled radiation was compared with measured total radiative intensity, the latter which was measured with a narrow angle radiometer. The results show that the measured soot volume fraction yields particle radiation that corresponds well with the determined difference between gas and total radiation. This indicates that the presented methodology is capable of quantifying both the particle and gaseous radiation in a flame of technical size. (C) 2017 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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12.
  • Bäckström, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • Multivariate comparison between peptide mass fingerprints obtained by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry with different trypsin digestion procedures
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1171:1-2, s. 69-79
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Peptide mass fingerprints were obtained for three different proteins using three different digestion procedures in triplicates with liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. For each protein the results were compared with multivariate data analysis (cluster analysis, kernel principal component analysis) and pair-wise contrast evaluation. Clear systematic differences between the digestion procedures were established for all the proteins. The visual presentation of the pair-wise differences between procedures could to some extent be related to the protein fragments, although the main objective was to identify m/z and retention regions in the original peptide maps that should be subject to further exploration.
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13.
  • Bäckström, Daniel, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • On the use of alternative fuels in rotary kiln burners - An experimental and modelling study of the effect on the radiative heat transfer conditions
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Fuel processing technology. - : Elsevier. - 0378-3820 .- 1873-7188. ; 138, s. 210-220
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract In this work, the radiative heat transfer conditions in a 400 kWfuel test furnace were studied. The test furnace is a scaled pilot of a rotary kiln furnace used in iron ore pellet production. In particular, the study focuses on the choice of fuel and the subsequent effect on temperature and radiative conditions in the flame. Several co-firing flames of coal and biomass were investigated and also other fuels such as heavy fuel oil and natural gas. The test furnace was used in the experiments, and radiative intensity was measured with a narrow angle radiometer. Detailed radiation modelling was performed using spectral models for gas and particle properties. The results show that all co-firing flames give a shorter radiating flame length. Based on the radiation modelling, it was also shown that the particle radiation dominates the heat transfer from the flames. Due to the high pre-heating temperature of the combustion air (1100°C), the flame temperatures were generally very high. The flame temperature in the natural gas flame was likely around 2000°C while the coal flame temperatures were estimated to 1500-1600°C. The two coals tested, having almost identical fuel specifications, resulted in a substantial difference in the radiation intensity emitted by the flame. This emphasizes the need of direct radiation measurements to evaluate fuel changes in industrial processes that are highly dependent on the heat transfer conditions.
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14.
  • Bäckström, Daniel, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Particle composition and size distribution in coal flames - The influence on radiative heat transfer
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0894-1777 .- 1879-2286. ; 64, s. 70-80
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Radiative heat transfer in a 77 kWth swirling lignite flame has been studied. The aim is to characterize different particle types present in a coal flame and to determine their influence on the radiative heat transfer. The study combines extractive particle measurements, radiative intensity measurements and detailed radiation modelling. The size distribution of the extracted particles was measured with a low pressure impactor and some of the size fractions were analysed with SEM–EDX. The measured total radiative intensity is compared with the modelled intensity based on the particle measurements in the same cross-section of the flame. The particle properties were calculated with Mie theory and the gas properties with a statistical narrow-band model. The results show that the contribution of coal/char particles dominates the radiative heat transfer in the investigated cross-section of the flame. The methodology applied in this work shows promising results for characterization of particle radiation in flames of practical size.
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15.
  • Bäckström, Malin, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • Increased understanding of the biochemistry and biosynthesis of MUC2 and other gel-forming mucins through the recombinant expression of their protein domains.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Molecular biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1559-0305 .- 1073-6085. ; 54:2, s. 250-6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The gel-forming mucins are large and heavily O-glycosylated proteins which build up mucus gels. The recombinant production of full-length gel-forming mucins has not been possible to date. In order to study mucin biosynthesis and biochemistry, we and others have taken the alternative approach of constructing different recombinant proteins consisting of one or several domains of these large proteins and expressing them separately in different cell lines. Using this approach, we have determined that MUC2, the intestinal gel-forming mucin, dimerizes via its C-terminal cysteine-knot domain and also trimerizes via one of the N-terminal von Willebrand D domains. Both of these interactions are disulfide bond mediated. Via this assembly, a molecular network is built by which the mucus gel is formed. Here we discuss not only the functional understanding obtained from studies of the recombinant proteins, but also highlight the difficulties encountered when these proteins were produced recombinantly. We often found an accumulation of the proteins in the ER and consequently no secretion. This was especially apparent when the cysteine-rich domains of the N- and C-terminal parts of the mucins were expressed. Other proteins that we constructed were either not secreted or not expressed at all. Despite these problems, the knowledge of mucin biosynthesis and assembly has advanced considerably through the studies of these recombinant proteins.
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16.
  • Bäckström, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Luftspolning av tryckavloppsledningar för bekämpning av svavelväte
  • 2010
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Luftspolning av tryckavloppsledningar har utprovats som ett alternativ för att förhindra svavelvätebildning i avloppsnätet. Syftet med luftspolningen är att tömma tryckledningen på spillvatten och på detta sätt förkorta uppehållstiden samtidigt som de sulfidbildande mikroorganismerna i ledningen får ett betydligt tuffare liv. Fullskaleförsök visar att luftspolning är ett realistiskt och fungerande alternativ för bekämpning av svavelväte i avloppsnät. Luftspolningstekniken har dock sina begränsningar, som då tryckavloppsledningen har tydliga höjdpunkter och svackor.
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  • Carnerud, Daniel, 1983- (författare)
  • Exploring Trends, Patterns and Characteristics of Quality Management Through Text Mining
  • 2016
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • At frequent intervals, new reports and papers are published stressing the importance of high quality and quality improvement measures in the public and private sector if Sweden is to survive as a welfare state and industrial nation. The situation seems not to be unique for Sweden: similar opinions can be heard in other parts of the world as well. In the 21st century, consumers and citizens should be provided with continuously improved quality at a lower cost, otherwise businesses are likely to go bankrupt and politicians may lose the trust of the people. Quality is, thus, a word that is used persistently by people in power and the social commentators of today. From this perspective, it might seem fitting that quality, quality management (QM), total quality management (TQM) and other closely related terminologies are well defined, to make possible constructive dialogue that will culminate in effective action. This is often not the case, which is why vision statements, campaigns and other quality improvement measures risk falling short before they are even launched. With this background, the purpose of this thesis is to facilitate fruitful dialogue by examining QM-research and how trends, terminologies and research focus have shifted over time. By increasing the understanding of how QM-research has evolved it is also possible to create a coherent overview which hopefully can help to reduce confusion and polarisation amongst scholars and practitioners. In this way, it might be possible to increase the number of successful quality improvement measures as well as to lay the foundations for sustainable and system-wide quality improvement actions in society at large.The thesis is based on three studies, of which the first is looking into conference proceedings from one of the globally most prominent scientific conferences on quality – the QMOD-ICQSS conference. The two subsequent studies use abstracts from three of the top ranked scientific journals dealing with quality - International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, Total Quality Management Journal and Total Quality Management & Business Excellence. All studies have been conducted according to text mining methodology, which entails usage of statistical tools in the form of hard- and software for data collection, modelling and analysis. The approach is exploratory and previously not verified with this purpose, which is why the three studies offer unique perspectives on the research field, at the same time as new methodological tools and approaches are investigated and tested.Through the studies it is possible to show occurrence of trends in research alignment as well as in publication design and popularity. The studies also identify central, perpetual, topics around which the research has been concentrated. These topics indicate that the research field, in spite of momentary trends and fashions, rests on a firm foundation regarding problem definition and approaches to solve them. Finally, a model is presented which summarizes the perspectives and outsets which distinguish QM and make it a research field in its own right.
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19.
  • Carnerud, Daniel, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Four decades of research on quality : summarising, Trendspotting and looking ahead
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Total Quality Management and Business Excellence. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1478-3363 .- 1478-3371. ; 32:9-10, s. 1023-1045
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this paper is to identify and depict the key areas around which research on quality has orbited during the past 37 years. Additionally, this paper aims to explore longitudinal patterns and trends in the identified key areas. Thereby, this study aims to present new perspectives on the foundational elements and evolutionary patterns of research on quality as well as future directions. The paper applies data- and text modelling methodology to a chronological dataset covering 37 years and consisting of scientific journals specialising in research on quality; it also includes scientific journals with a broader spectrum of operations management (OM) research. The study identifies seven central topics around which research on quality has centred during this time period: Service Quality & Customer Satisfaction; Process design & Control; ISO Certification & Standards; TQM - Implementation, Performance & Culture; QM - Practices & Performance; Reliability, Costs, Failure & Problems and Excellence - BEMs, Quality Awards & Excellence in Higher Education. The results also show that the total number of entries has risen constantly since 1980; however, there was a period of decline between 2000 and 2012, indicating that after almost four decades, research on quality is still vibrant and relevant.
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21.
  • Carnerud, Daniel, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Kaizen and continuous improvement – trends and patterns over 30 years
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: The TQM Journal. - 1754-2731 .- 1754-274X. ; 30:4, s. 371-390
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to depict how Kaizen and continuous improvement (CI) are represented in scientific journals focusing on quality management (QM) from the 1980s until 2017. Additionally, the study aims to examine how Kaizen is studied and described and how the relationship between Kaizen and CI is portrayed. Design/methodology/approach: The study applies a mixed methods approach to search for tendencies and outlines concerning Kaizen and CI in four scientific journals focusing on QM and two focusing on OM. The data set contains entries from 1980 until 2017, which makes it possible to depict how Kaizen has evolved over more than 30 years. Findings: The findings show that Kaizen and CI attained special interest in the mid-1990s, after which interest appears to have decreased. However, the findings imply that a regenerated interest for the areas spiked post 2010. In addition, the results indicate that Kaizen is on the one hand accepted by one part of the management community but on the other hand completely ignored by the rest. Finally, the data illuminate a need to strengthen and clarify Kaizen’s theoretical basis and its relationship to CI. Practical implications: If an aspiration exists to increase the success rate of Kaizen implementation, the results from the study highlight the need to address and clarify epistemological, terminological and theoretical issues. Originality/value: Prior data mining studies pinpointing how Kaizen and CI have evolved over the last 30 years appear not to exist. 
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22.
  • Carnerud, Daniel, 1983- (författare)
  • Text Mining The Quality Paradigm(s)
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The purpose of this thesis orbits around an examination of the formation of a quality paradigm. In this inquiry, the exploration and application of text mining have been used to provide new insights into quality as a paradigm.The findings reveal the existence of unifying topics, around which research on quality has clustered, constituting the foundational pillars of an academic quality paradigm. These foundational pillars are operational paradigms that embody both epistemological perspectives and operational concerns regarding quality. The three operative paradigms upon which the quality paradigm rests are the operative paradigm of back-end quality (orbiting around: QM, TQM and service quality), the operative paradigm of middle-way quality (orbiting around: ISO, BEMs and Quality Awards) and the operative paradigm of front-end quality (orbiting around: Reliability, Costs and Processes). The three operative paradigms differ in their levels of abstraction, accountability and system-learning emphasis. However, the mutual purpose and aim of the three operative paradigms, and hence the paradigm as a whole, is to continuously control, assure and develop systems affecting quality initiatives in service of the customer(s).The findings also indicate that the operative paradigms of back-end and front-end quality seem to be specializing and drifting apart, which might lead to a division of the quality paradigm into two separate paradigms.The studies in this thesis also confirm the existence of changes in the focus and popularity of specific topics. However, the key epistemological findings are the central and perpetual research topics that are identified – supporting the supposition that research on quality truly constitutes a delimited and recognized research paradigm.Furthermore, the studies show that research on quality expanded during the end of the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s, after which a contraction took place, followed by stability at the start of the 21st century. Consequently, it is found that research on quality entered a stable and mature phase in the 21st century, settling down as a distinctive and established research paradigm.Finally, it is found that the exploration and application of text mining is a potent approach when probing the epistemological foundations of an academic discipline.
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23.
  • Cea, B., et al. (författare)
  • Development and Evaluation of an Innovative Method Based on Dilution to Sample Solid and Condensable Fractions of Particles Emitted by Residential Wood Combustion
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society. - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 35:23, s. 19705-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An innovative and simple method based on dilution, named as the dilution chamber (DC), allowing the measurement of solid and condensable fractions of particulate matter emitted by residential wood combustion appliances has been developed, and its performances have been evaluated. The DC method was then tested by five European institutes (Ineris, ISSI/ENEA, DTI, and RISE) on advanced residential wood log/pellet stoves, under nominal output and low output combustion conditions and using different fuel types. The aim of the study was to evaluate the capability of the DC method to collect the condensable fraction. The DC method was compared with another manual method used to collect the solid and condensable fractions at the same time, the dilution tunnel (DT), on four sampling platforms. A third method, a combining heated filter and impinger filled in with isopropanol collection (SPC-IPA), was also used by Ineris only for comparison with the DC method. PM measurements based on the DC method globally showed a linear correlation with PM measurements based on DT (R2 ranged between 0.81 and 0.99, p < 0.05) specifically for the residential wood stoves under low output conditions when the condensable fraction contributes the most. An analysis and quantification of PAHs related to the total mass of PM of samples taken by the DC method and performed by ENEA/ISSI showed that it produces a condensation effect of semivolatile species comparable or even greater than the DT method. PM emission factors calculated from PM measurements based on the DC method were (i) about 2- to 20-fold higher for the residential wood stoves (EF ranged between 201 to 2420 g GJ-1) compared to those obtained for the residential pellet stoves (EF ranged between 108 to 556 g GJ-1) and (ii) of the same magnitude of PM emission factors from the literature or the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook.
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24.
  • Dahlin, Sandra, et al. (författare)
  • Multivariate analysis of the effect of biodiesel-derived contaminants on V2O5-WO3/TiO2 SCR catalysts
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Applied Catalysis B. - : Elsevier. - 0926-3373 .- 1873-3883. ; 183, s. 377-385
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study investigates the effect of biodiesel-derived contaminants on vanadia-based NH3-SCR catalysts in heavy-duty exhaust aftertreatment. The aim was to study, not only the effect of single contaminants on the catalyst performance, but also of possible interaction effects between poisons.The effect of six potential catalyst poisons (Na, K, Mg, P, S and Zn) was evaluated using an experimental design and multivariate data analysis. Monolithic V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts were subjected to accelerated laboratory-scale aging, where the six contaminants were fed simultaneously using a wet impregnation method. In addition to NOx conversion tests, the catalysts were characterized by means of ICP-OES, SEM-EDX, XPS, N2 physisorption and NH3-TPD. The lab-aged samples were compared to fresh and vehicle-aged catalysts.The accelerated aging method showed good reproducibility and gave rise to surface compounds similar to those found in vehicle-aged catalysts. Despite plausible differences regarding penetration depth of the contaminants into the walls of the catalyst, the aging method appears to be an efficient way to point out significant chemical poisons.The model obtained from the experimental design was found to correlate well with the experimental data and can therefore be used to predict effects of the various poisons and poison interactions. Significant effects on the NO. x conversion were found for P, S, Na, Mg and K as well as for the interactions P. ×. Na, P. ×. K and S. ×. Na. A poisoning effect was found for Mg, Na, K, P. ×. K, and P. ×. Na, where Na and K exhibited the strongest poisoning effect. The deactivating effect of alkali was lowered in the presence of phosphorus and sulfur, which is explained by the formation of phosphates and sulfates, preventing the interaction of the alkali metals with the vanadia active sites.
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25.
  • Danielsson, Rolf, et al. (författare)
  • Rapid multivariate analysis of LC/GC/CE data (single or multiple channel detection) without prior peak alignment
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-7439 .- 1873-3239. ; 84:1-2, s. 33-39
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • One- or two-dimensional data obtained with LC/GC/CE and single or multiple channel detection (MS, UV/VIS) are often used as 'fingerprints' in order to characterize complex samples. The relation between samples is then explored by multivariate data analysis (PCA, hierarchical clustering), but inevitable more or less random variation in separation conditions obstructs the analysis. Several methods for peak alignment have been developed, with more or less increase of time and efforts for computations. In this work another approach is presented, based on a correlation measure less sensitive for variations in retention/migration time. The merits of the method as a fast initial data exploration tool are demonstrated for a case study of urine profiling with CE/MS.
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26.
  • Fraboulet, I., et al. (författare)
  • European inter-comparison campaigns on pm and OGCS atmospheric emissions test methods from residential wood combustion using a stack simulator generating real biomass combustion gases
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. ; , s. 812-816
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The 20/20/20 target for Europe, will lead to an increased use of biomass combustion, e.g. using wood logs and wood pellets. On the other hand, the Air Quality Directive (2008/50/EC) lies down stringent requirements on maximum levels of particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air. Domestic wood combustion emits particulate matter (PM) which are of concern to authorities and the public. Several different methods of PM measurements have historically been used to perform type testing of solid fuelled residential appliances and boilers. This method shall give repeatable results that are of a guaranteed traceable accuracy, and by this means give the consumer reliable information on the suitability of a particular appliance or boiler. One of the main methods used in Europe consists of sampling the solid fraction of aerosols using a heated filter, this method does not include the collection of the condensable fraction, OGC measurements are performed using FID method.The aim of this work carried out within the EMPIR IMPRESS2 Project was to evaluate the performances of this method by performing intercomparisons using a stack simulator generating real biomass combustion gases.
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27.
  • Gonzalez, Maria Camila, et al. (författare)
  • Cognitive and motor decline in dementia with lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Movement Disorders Clinical Practice. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2330-1619. ; 10:6, s. 980-986
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: There is a need to better understand the rate of cognitive and motor decline of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease Dementia (PDD).Objectives: To compare the rate of cognitive and motor decline in patients with DLB and PDD from the E-DLB Consortium and the Parkinson's Incidence Cohorts Collaboration (PICC) Cohorts.Methods: The annual change in MMSE and MDS-UPDRS part III was estimated using linear mixed regression models in patients with at least one follow-up (DLB n = 837 and PDD n = 157).Results: When adjusting for confounders, we found no difference in the annual change in MMSE between DLB and PDD (−1.8 [95% CI −2.3, −1.3] vs. −1.9 [95% CI −2.6, −1.2] [P = 0.74]). MDS-UPDRS part III showed nearly identical annual changes (DLB 4.8 [95% CI 2.1, 7.5]) (PDD 4.8 [95% CI 2.7, 6.9], [P = 0.98]).Conclusions: DLB and PDD showed similar rates of cognitive and motor decline. This is relevant for future clinical trial designs.
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28.
  • Gunnarsson, Adrian, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Heat Transfer Conditions in a Rotary Kiln Test Furnace Using Coal, Biomass and co-firing Burners
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Clearwater Clean Coal Conference, 2016.06.05-2016.06.09, Clearwater, Florida, USA.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In this work the radiative heat transfer in a 580 kWth pilot scale test furnace resembling a full scale rotary kiln used for production of iron ore pellets has been studied. The aim has been to quantify the radiative heat transfer in coal and co-firing flames in a project which examines the use of biomass in the grate-kiln process. Three cases of coal and co-firing are in this work studied and evaluated using a detailed radiation model. The model treats the furnace as an axisymmetric and infinitely long cylinder. Overall, the differences in radiative intensities and heat fluxes between the three studied fuel combinations are minor which implies that introduction of renewable fuels by co-firing in a full scale rotary kiln should be feasible with respect to heat transfer conditions. The modeling results show reasonable to good predictivity compared to the measured intensity data, which implies a satisfactory quality of the collected experimental data.
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29.
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30.
  • Gunnarsson, Adrian, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Modelling and measurements of radiation in a 400kWth rotary kiln test furnace
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Industrial Furnaces and Boilers, 2015.04.07-2015.04.10, Porto Gaia, Portugal.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This work is focused on the radiative heat transfer in rotary kilns used for iron ore production with the aim to obtain a better understanding of the radiation and peak flame temperatures. This was done by performing measurements in a cylindrical, refractory lined, 400 kWth down scaled model of a rotary kiln and evaluating the results with a detailed radiation model. A mixture of coal and torrefied biomass was used as fuel in the experiments. Radiative intensity, gas composition, temperature and particle concentration were measured along the diameter in the flame. The radiation model treats the furnace as an axisymmetric and infinitely long cylinder. The gas properties are calculated with a statistical narrow-band model while the particle properties are calculated with Mie theory. The radiative heat transfer, peak flame temperatures and the influence from different parameters using sensitivity analyses are studied. It is shown that the total radiation is dominated by the contribution of particles, hence the total radiation is sensitive to changes in the particle concentration and size distribution. It was also possible to estimate the peak flame temperatures, and conclude that more accurate temperature and particle measurements are needed in future work.
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31.
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32.
  • Gunnarsson, Adrian, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Radiative Heat Transfer Conditions in a Rotary Kiln Test Furnace Using Coal, Biomass, and Cofiring Burners
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5029 .- 0887-0624. ; 31:7, s. 7482-7492
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This work studies the radiative heat transfer in a 580 kW(th) pilot scale test furnace that resembles a full-scale rotary kiln for iron ore pellet production. The aim is to quantify the radiative heat transfer in coal and cofiring flames and also to study the possibility to model the radiative heat transfer for such combustion conditions. Three combustion cases of coal and cofiring are studied, and an evaluation is made using a detailed radiation model. The test furnace is cylindrical and refractory lined but does not rotate and no iron ore pellet bed material is included. In-flame measurements of temperature, gas composition, particle concentration, radiative intensity, and radiative heat flux are conducted for the different fuels and fuel combinations. Overall, the differences in measured radiative intensities and heat fluxes among the three studied fuel cases are minor, which implies that introduction of renewable fuels by cofiring in a full-scale rotary kiln should be feasible with respect to heat transfer conditions. In the model, the furnace is treated as an axisymmetric and infinitely long cylinder, and gas properties are calculated with a statistical narrow-band model, while particle properties are calculated using Mie theory. The modeling results show reasonable to good predictivity compared to the measured intensity data. This indicates that the experimental data is of good quality but also indicates the potential use of the model in full-scale rotary kiln calculations in future work.
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33.
  • Gunnarsson, Adrian, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Radiative Heat Transfer Modeling and in Situ Diagnostics of Soot in an 80 kWth Propane Flame with Varying Feed-Gas Oxygen Concentration
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5045 .- 0888-5885. ; 57:36, s. 12288-12295
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This work presents experimental measurements of various 80 kWth propane flames, using a swirl burner, and modeling of the radiative heat transfer. The combustion conditions were altered by varying the oxygen concentration in the oxidant within range of 21-32%, while keeping the thermal input and oxygen-to-fuel ratio constant. Temperature, gas composition, and radiative intensity were measured using probes, while the soot volume fraction was quantified using nonintrusive laser-induced incandescence. The radiative intensity and the soot volume fraction increased with an increased oxygen concentration in the flame. When the oxygen concentration exceeded 27% the soot volume fraction was increased more than 14-fold. The results reveal the potential of promoting radiative heat transfer by increasing the oxygen concentration; the total radiative intensity becomes dominated by the soot particle contribution. In addition, laser-induced incandescence was successfully used for instantaneous and spatially resolved soot measurements in this type of furnace being at a technical scale.
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34.
  • Gunnarsson, Adrian, 1990, et al. (författare)
  • Soot Formation and Radiative Heat Transfer in Oxy-Fuel and Oxygen-Enhanced Propane Flames
  • 2018
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This work aims to determine radiation-related properties of various propane flames, where the measurements were conducted in a down-fired and cylindrical 100 kW furnace equipped with a swirl burner. The combustion conditions were varied by altering the composition of the oxidant. For six cases, oxygen-enhanced air was used, step-wise varying the oxygen concentration in the oxidant from 21% to 32%. Also for six cases, the furnace was operated in oxy-fuel mode, recirculating dry flue gas and varying the oxygen concentration from 25% to 42%. All measurements were conducted at an axial distance of 384 mm from the burner. Temperature, gas composition and radiative intensity were measured (by intrusive instruments) along the furnace diameter using probes while the soot volume fraction was quantified using non-intrusive laser induced incandescence (LII). An Nd:YAG laser at wavelength 1064 nm was used for the LII measurements, and a diode laser at wavelength 808 nm was used for extinction measurements for absolute calibration of the LII-signal. Two-dimensional images of the LII-signal were captured using an intensified CCD-camera and radial profiles of the soot volume fraction were achieved. The soot volume fraction increased with increasing oxygen concentration in the feed gas, and, when the oxygen concentration exceeded 30 and 42% for the oxygen-enriched air and oxy-fuel cases, respectively, the soot formation was substantially enhanced with volume fractions more than 10 times higher than for lower oxygen concentrations. The higher oxygen concentration required for the increased soot production in the oxy-fuel combustion cases is mainly due to the higher heat capacity of carbon dioxide that lowers the flame temperatures. The data collected from the measurements was used to model the radiative intensity using a discrete transfer model. In this model, gas properties are calculated using a statistical narrow-band model and particle properties are calculated using Rayleigh theory. Good agreement was achieved between the modeled and measured radiative intensity for most flames and the use of an LII-system to measure the soot volume fraction in this type of furnace was successful.
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35.
  • Hanaeus, Jörgen, et al. (författare)
  • Exergianalys som verktyg inom VA-tekniken
  • 2003
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Exergianalys är ett värderingssätt som ger ett mått på förbrukning av ordnade strukturer och kan ses som ett komplement till ekonomiska analyser. Exergianalysen kräver en klar avgränsning av det system som ska utvärderas. I denna rapport ges tre exempel på hur exergikalkyler kan nyttjas i VA-sammanhang. Slutligen diskuteras exergikalkylernas begränsningar och möjligheter
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36.
  • Janhäll, Sara, 1965-, et al. (författare)
  • Emissions of particles and organic compounds from small and medium scaled biomass combustion
  • 2018
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The use of biomass for domestic heating is common in some parts of the world. Biomass is a Renewable Energy Source (RES) and it is considered as a climate friendly fuel since it is a CO2 neutral energy source. However, combustion of wood biomass in the residential sector is a main contributor to pollution of the ambient air, mainly in terms of fine particles. This is a severe health problem and needs to be addressed to improve the air quality. There is also a gap between calculated air quality particle concentrations using the available emission data, measured at the stack, that needs to be addressed. The concentrations of organic particles in the atmosphere are higher than expected from reported emission factors, but there is also a gap between emission factors registered in different countries, emphasising the need of similar standards for individual countries, or at least more information around the emission data.The residential combustion of wood biomasses is characterized by incomplete processes leading to high concentrations of gases and particles containing both organic and inorganic substances. The formation of organic particles is a temperature dependent process where Semi Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOC) condense on solid particles or form particles after nucleation. Thus, the temperature where particle emissions are measured is crucial to the result. There are many different standard methods for the measurement of combustion generated particle emission, some differ between different combustion sources. Most standards focus on the most straight forward measurement methods, collecting particles directly from the hot fumes, while in other standards the particles collection is after a dilution of the exhaust gases, taking into account the condensation of organic gases.In particularly for residential biomass heating appliances there is no European harmonized standard for measuring particles and a few Member States provided with own method (to be performed during laboratory type testing). The methods are different each other: one method is adapted from the standard used to measure particles produced by big plant fed with fossil fuels (just collecting solid particles at high temperatures), the other method is based on the dilution of sampled gases to collect solid and condensed particles.The aim of the present work is to provide background information both on different emission standards used in combustion appliances and on the development of the particles from the combustion zone to the ambient air at a larger distance from the source. The development of the particles change the amount of particles originating form biomass combustion by both number and mass. Input data for this study is taken from the literature and from a survey sent to laboratories engaged in emission measurement from small to medium scaled biomass combustion facilities.
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37.
  • Johannesson, Nina, et al. (författare)
  • Screening for biomarkers in plasma from patients with gangrenous phlegmonous appendicitis using CE and CEC in combination with MS
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Electrophoresis. - : Wiley. - 0173-0835 .- 1522-2683. ; 28:9, s. 1435-1443
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Today a high degree of "false" appendicitis diagnoses are occurring. In this study, a screening experiment of biomarkers of two different kinds of appendicitis, gangrenous and phlegmonous, were conducted with CE and CEC coupled to MS. Plasma samples were obtained from patients pre- and post-surgery. A large amount of data was generated to be able to compare them, and chemometrics tools were utilized to visualize the differences. Indicative patterns were found for both pre- and post-surgery of the two types of inflammation as well as between them. The divergences were traced back to the MS peaks obtained in the CE- and CEC-MS setups as possible biomarkers for the two forms of appendicitis.
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38.
  • Johansson, Inge, et al. (författare)
  • VIDAREUTVECKLING AV MODELL FÖR BERÄKNING AV REFERENSVÄRDE PMC I AVFALL
  • 2021
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Projektets syfte är att bidra till en mer rättvisande bild av de direkta utsläppen från fossilt innehåll i avfall som eldas i avfallsenergianläggningar. Detta genom att vidareutveckla modellen från det tidigare projektet Modellering av referensvärde pMC i avfall som går till energiåtervinning (förbränning). Målen i projektet har varit att: 1. Tydligare definiera de avfallstyper som ingår i de underkategorier som används i befintlig modell 2. Fastställa hur stora andelar av underkategorierna som eldas i de 15 största avfallsenergianläggningarna som ingår i EU:s handelssystem för CO2 (ETS, eg. de anläggningar som enligt ETS har utsläpp på minst 50 000 ton CO2 under 2019) samt för tre anläggningar som ligger relativt nära brytpunkten 50 000 ton CO2. 3. Fastställa hur stora variationer det finns inom olika underkategorier mellan anläggningarna samt mellan åren (2017–2019). Undersöka skillnader i referensvärde för 100 procent biogent avfall beroende på variationerna över tid och mellan anläggningarna. 4. Ta fram uppdaterade fördelningar mellan biogent/fossilt på olika avfallskategorier samt undersökt hur stor inverkan dessa har på referensvärdet. 5. Uppdatera modellen enligt slutsatserna från målen 1–4 ovan. Utifrån resultatet från ovanstående genomförandemål rekommenderar projektet att ett nationellt referensvärde (pMCref) används vid beräkning av fossila koldioxidutsläpp från svenska avfallsenergianläggningar. Projektet rekommenderar också att anläggningar som eldar huvudsakligen olika blandade avfallsströmmar (som exempelvis hushållsavfall, RDF mm) ligger till grund för den nationella schablonen. Av denna anledning har projektet exkluderat en anläggning eftersom den i huvudsak eldar träavfall och därmed kraftigt skiljer sig ifrån övriga 12 anläggningar vad gäller mottaget avfall. Det nationella referensvärdet för 2020 respektive 2021 hamnar baserat på ovanstående rekommendation på 107,2 respektive 107,0. Eftersom det redan är överenskommet ett referensvärde för 2020 rekommenderas att det nya referensvärdet används från 2021. Ett möjligt undantag från användning av ett nationellt referensvärde är anläggningar som huvudsakligen eldar träavfall eller exempelvis en blandning av träavfall och gummi. För det förstnämnda fallet skulle då en kombination av den nationella schablonen och en för träavfall bli aktuell. Över de tre åren data samlades in utgjorde Träavfall och träfraktionen i Stödbränsle totalt sett omkring 3 procent av totalt förbrända mängder. Projektet har finansierats av Naturvårdsverket och Avfall Sverige.
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39.
  • Johansson, Malin E V, 1971, et al. (författare)
  • Composition and functional role of the mucus layers in the intestine.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1420-682X .- 1420-9071. ; 68, s. 3635-3641
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In discussions on intestinal protection, the protective capacity of mucus has not been very much considered. The progress in the last years in understanding the molecular nature of mucins, the main building blocks of mucus, has, however, changed this. The intestinal enterocytes have their apical surfaces covered by transmembrane mucins and the whole intestinal surface is further covered by mucus, built around the gel-forming mucin MUC2. The mucus of the small intestine has only one layer, whereas the large intestine has a two-layered mucus where the inner, attached layer has a protective function for the intestine, as it is impermeable to the luminal bacteria.
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40.
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41.
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42.
  • Lilja, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Insights from Sustainable Cleveland 2019: An Initiative Driving Sustainable Regional Development by Large Scale Summits, Collective Visioning, and lots of Creativity, Culture, and Appreciation
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Valuing and Evaluating Creativity for Sustainable Regional Development. - Östersund. ; , s. 255-258
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PurposeGiven the current growing challenges regarding sustainability, the need for massive engagement, creative solutions, and large scale change is evident. The challenges are e.g. clearly elaborated in the 17 sustainable development goals recently proposed by the United Nations. In facing these global challenges on a regional level, there is an urgent need for spreading and advancing best practice on how to involve the various citizens of a region in collectively co-designing, driving, and realizing a more sustainable region and future for all. An initiative that currently is up and running, engaging hundreds of people annually, continuously evolving, and showing promising results of such abilities is Sustainable Cleveland 2019 (“Sustainable Cleveland”, 2016). Starting in 2009, it is a 10-year initiative that engages and invites everyone in the region around Cleveland to work together to design and develop a thriving and resilient Cleveland that leverages its wealth of assets to build economic, social and environmental well-being for all. Since the start, results from the initiative show enhancements of both economic as well as social, cultural, and environmental development of Cleveland and the surrounding region. The initiative is interesting for many reasons, one being the change management approach of Appreciative Inquiry (AI), a promising research based approach from Case Western Reserve University (which is located in the region), which was applied at a large scale and in close collaboration with representatives from the cultural and creative sectors. It is an approach that actively enables, engages, and invites people in co-designing and self-organizing for realizing a more sustainable future in what might be described as an “appreciative social movement” (Boland, 2013). The approach relies on  a process that actively explores citizens’ appreciative perspectives on the best of what is, their dreams and hopes for the future, and how they see that this future can be designed and realized.  At the heart of the initiative is a thoughtfully designed AI large group summit, annually gathering hundreds of participants from all parts of society in a process of co-creation during two days. Interestingly, the application of AI has also been generally observed to provide the fastest, most consistent, and transformative results when focusing on sustainability (Cooperrider & Fry, 2012). Furthermore, the initiative is organized around annual celebration topics as a means to create a common focus within the region on one specific sustainability challenge such as “Clean water”, “Vital Neighborhoods” or “Zero Waste. The term itself, “Celebration Topics”, reflects how the initiative consistently and deliberately applies an “Appreciative Eye”, as described by Cooperrider & Srivastva (1987).   The purpose of this paper is to identify and contribute insights concerning the strengths of the Sustainable Cleveland 2019 initiative, with a special focus on how it uses the cultural and creative sectors as resources and drivers for sustainable regional development. The cultural and creative sectors refer in this paper to the performing arts and the seven creative fields especially highlighted by UNESCO – Crafts and Folk Arts, Design, Film, Gastronomy, Literature, Media Arts, and Music.  ApproachThe paper is based on a case study conducted by the eight authors. Data has mainly been collected by participant observations and interviews with participants and organizers before, during, and after the Sustainable Cleveland summit in September 2015. The initial analysis was conducted during a follow up workshop in October 2015 and was preceded by structured individual reflections. Based on the workshop results, a secondary analysis was conducted where the strengths relating to the cultural and creative sectors were picked out and grouped into themes.    FindingsAs a result, several strengths were identified. During the secondary analysis, those strengths were grouped into three themes as presented below. 1. Making the core process of Sustainable Cleveland 2019 more engaging and fruitful:One of the most obvious related strengths is the way the initiative uses practices from the cultural and creative sectors to increase the engagement in, and output of, the core processes. Many of the methods used within the initiative, such as for visioning, creating new ideas, and playfully prototype as a way to explore new ideas, have its roots in the cultural and creative sectors. One example is the practice of “rapid prototyping”, brought in from the design studio IDEO. 2. Nurturing a reverence for the environment, raising awareness, and inspiring action:Another strength that relates to using the cultural and creative sectors as resources and drivers for sustainable regional development is the initiative’s close collaboration with local institutions of e.g. theater and music for putting focus on, engaging in, and elaborating the understanding of the annual celebration topics. On example is the short plays “Fire on the Water”, given by the Cleveland Public Theatre during the year of 2015 when the celebration topic was “Clean Water”. This activity focused on issues of sustainability in fun, intimate and personal ways. The work focused on how the environment can shape identity and celebrate the remarkable recovery of Cleveland’s waterways. Another example is the play “Air Waves”, given in 2014, weaving sustainability themes into a story of loss, reckoning, forgiveness and honeybees. Generally, the cultural and creative sectors are very much used as resources to nurture a reverence for the environment and raise awareness about critical issues related to sustainability. More about how the Cleveland Public Theatre, Tri-C, and Inlet Dance Theatre have been using the performing arts to raise consciousness and inspire action around water can be seen in a video produced by the initiative (“New video: How performing arts advance sustainability”, 2016). 3. The cultural and creative sectors themselves are the focus of sustainability action:Finally, the cultural and creative sectors themselves are also the focus for sustainable development and action. Obviously, challenges such as decreasing waste, avoiding toxic substances, and lowering energy consumption are relevant also within these sectors themselves. Gastronomy, in terms of “Local Food”, was furthermore chosen as the overall celebration topic of the initiative in 2012 which made this an area for considerable sustainable development actions. As a result, several accomplishments were, and are continuously, achieved related to gastronomy within the initiative (“Local Foods”, 2016).
  •  
43.
  • Lindberg, Ulla, et al. (författare)
  • Aktivt Åldrande – individuellt anpassade måltidslösningar för hälsa och livskvalitet hos äldre : beställning och distribution av mat för den äldre
  • 2015
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • ”Active Ageing – Personalised food and meal solutions for health and quality of life” (Aktivt åldrande – individuellt anpassade måltidslösningar för hälsa och livskvalitet hos äldre. Diarienr 2013-02780) is a project that aims to maintain the quality of life and autonomy of older persons, through individual and personalised meal solutions that fit their needs and requirements. The target group are primarily the age 75 or older. Five work packages are included in the project. This report describes the work package that had the scope of developing a concept for the ordering, distribution and delivery of meal to the elderly. Refrigeration technology and the cold-chain will play an important role in the concept by preserving the safety and quality of foods during its transportation to the elderly. Refrigeration technology and the cold-chain will also make it possible to prepare specific types of foods that meet the demand of the elderly. In particular for the elderly consumers that would like to eat at home and decrease their independency and overall quality of life. It is also important the value chain and concept for the business model must be flexible and taking into account needs from the elderly consumers at all stages, starting from ordering the meal, handling in the household and disposing of the packaging material. An interdisciplinary approach – combining knowledge of ICT (information and communications technology) – Technology, food quality, packaging, logistic, sensory, and waste/return systems for the food that is distributed is increasingly necessary. As the demand for food for the elderly is on the rise, the development of new products, models and services might be facilitated by collaborating with SMEs (micro, small and mediumsized enterprises) and other business partners interested in delivering solutions for the elderly consumers. The concept for the ordering, distribution and delivery of meal to the elderly developed in the project can be used by other end users and/or for other products and services.
  •  
44.
  • Lindberg, U, et al. (författare)
  • Aktivt Åldrande – individuellt anpassade måltidslösningar för hälsa och livskvalitet hos äldre – Beställning och distribution av mat för den äldre
  • 2015
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • ”Active Ageing – Personalised food and meal solutions for health and quality of life” (Aktivt åldrande – individuellt anpassade måltidslösningar för hälsa och livskvalitet hos äldre. Diarienr 2013-02780) is a project that aims to maintain the quality of life and autonomy of older persons, through individual and personalised meal solutions that fit their needs and requirements. The target group are primarily the age 75 or older. Five work packages are included in the project. This report describes the work package that had the scope of developing a concept for the ordering, distribution and delivery of meal to the elderly. Refrigeration technology and the cold-chain will play an important role in the concept by preserving the safety and quality of foods during its transportation to the elderly. Refrigeration technology and the cold-chain will also make it possible to prepare specific types of foods that meet the demand of the elderly. In particular for the elderly consumers that would like to eat at home and decrease their independency and overall quality of life. It is also important the value chain and concept for the business model must be flexible and taking into account needs from the elderly consumers at all stages, starting from ordering the meal, handling in the household and disposing of the packaging material. An interdisciplinary approach – combining knowledge of ICT (information and communications technology) – Technology, food quality, packaging, logistic, sensory, and waste/return systems for the food that is distributed is increasingly necessary. As the demand for food for the elderly is on the rise, the development of new products, models and services might be facilitated by collaborating with SMEs (micro, small and mediumsized enterprises) and other business partners interested in delivering solutions for the elderly consumers. The concept for the ordering, distribution and delivery of meal to the elderly developed in the project can be used by other end users and/or for other products and services. Key words: : Aktivt åldrande, distribution, energi, IKT, IoT-sensorer, kvalitet, kyla, livsmedel, säkerhet, teknik, åldrande befolkning
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45.
  • Lundberg, Mattias, et al. (författare)
  • Fatigue Strength of Machined and Shot Peened Grey Cast Iron : Influence of Graphite Morphology
  • 2013
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • A common opinion is that cast iron, especially grey cast iron, is not as notch sensitive as steel and has therefore not been treated by shot peening to suppress crack initiation. For a heterogeneous material that also is brittle, just like grey cast iron, the shot peening parameters needed to induce beneficial surface residual stresses can be problematic to identify. Fatigue testing under uniaxial loading with an R value of -1, on mechanically polished and shot peened specimens, has been performed to determine the fatigue strength at 107 cycles as well as complete Wöhler-curves. Two different types of specimen geometries were tested, one smooth and one notched specimen having kt equal to 1.05 resp. 1.33. With large shots and high peening intensity (heavy shot peening) the fatigue strength clearly decreased whereas small shots and low peening intensity (gentle shot peening) might have lowered the fatigue strength. A short annealing at 285° after gentle shot peening increased the fatigue strength. The results are discussed and explained based on x-ray diffraction measurements, i.e. residual stress and full width at half maximum profiles, as well as microstructural investigations using scanning electron microscope (SEM).
  •  
46.
  • Lundberg, Mattias, et al. (författare)
  • Fatigue strength of Machined and Shot Peened Grey Cast Iron
  • 2014
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A common opinion is that cast iron, especially grey cast iron, is not as notch sensitive as steel therefore is not typically treated by shot peening to suppress crack initiation. For a heterogeneous material that also is brittle, just like grey cast iron, the shot peening parameters needed to induce beneficial surface residual stresses can be problematic to identify. Fatigue testing under uniaxial loading with an R value of -1, on mechanically polished and shot peened specimens, has been performed to determine the fatigue strength at 10(7) cycles as well as complete Wohler-curves. Two different types of specimen geometries were tested, one smooth and one notched specimen having k(t) equal to 1.05 and 1.33 respectively. With large shots and high peening intensity (heavy SP) the fatigue strength clearly decreased whereas small shots and low peening intensity (gentle SP) might have lowered the fatigue strength. A short annealing at 285 degrees after gentle SP increased the fatigue strength. The results are discussed and explained based on x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, i.e. residual stress and full width at half maximum profiles, as well as microstructural investigations using scanning electron microscope (SEM).
  •  
47.
  • Lundberg, Mattias, et al. (författare)
  • Graphite Morphology's Influence on Shot Peening Results in Cast Irons
  • 2014
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The different shot peening responds of a grey cast iron (GI) with its flake graphite and a compacted cast iron (CGI) with its vermicular graphite was analyzed and compared in this paper. For peening using identical parameters, CGI showed a larger plastic deformation zone with higher subsurface compressive stresses than GI. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) mapping and backscatter electron imaging revealed that plastic deformation of the matrix near graphite inclusions is affected by the size and geometry of the graphite. The different behaviors of graphite are explained by their capability to damp mechanical force but at the same time to cause stress concentration in the matrix. The better shot peening results for CGI may be attributed to a lower damping effect of its graphite inclusions and capability of the matrix for larger plastic deformation.
  •  
48.
  • Lundberg, Mattias, et al. (författare)
  • Influence of Shot Peening Parameters on Residual Stresses in Flake and Vermicular Cast Irons
  • 2014
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Test samples of grey and compacted graphite cast irons with pearlitic matrix were shot-peened to different surface conditions using twelve different combinations of shot size, peening intensity and peening coverage percentage. Relatively high surface compressive residual stresses varying between 245 to 565 MPa were observed and the compressive residual stresses reached a depth between 280 µm and 770 µm. Within the range of peening parameters used, the compacted graphite cast iron with its vermicular graphite showed a somewhat better response to the same shot-peening treatment than the grey cast iron containing flake graphite, giving a larger peening affected zone with higher compressive residual stresses. For both the cast irons, an increase in peening coverage percentage, shot size or peening intensity led often to a lower surface compressive stress. However, peening using a higher intensity greatly increased the degree and extent of plastic deformation and therefore increased the magnitude and penetration depth of the subsurface compressive residual stresses, while the effect of increasing shot size also depends on the peening intensity. On the other hand, measurements on the grey cast iron samples showed that the peening coverage has little effect on the depth profile of residual stress.
  •  
49.
  • Lundberg, Mattias (författare)
  • Residual Stresses and Fatigue of Shot Peened Cast Iron
  • 2013
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The complex geometry of cylinder head in heavy-duty diesel engine makes grey cast iron or compact graphite iron a perfect material choice due to its castability, thermal conductivity and damping capacity. To increase the efficiency of the engine, the fatigue property of the material needs to be improved. Shot peening is often used to increase the fatigue strength of components. The benefits are associated with the compressive stresses induced and with surface hardening. In this research project, these effects on grey and compact iron have been analyzed for different shot peening parameters using XRD, SEM and fatigue testing methods. The ultimate aim of the project is to increase the fatigue strength of cast irons by optimization of residual stresses.The XRD measurements and SEM examinations revealed that the shot peening parameters including shot size and peening intensity had significant influences on the resulted residual stresses and strain hardening while changing the coverage made little difference. Also differences in the peening results between the two materials were observed, which were ascribed to an effect of the different graphite morphology. Nevertheless, a residual stress profile similar to the one general considered to improve the fatigue strength in steels could be obtained in both grey and compact iron after shot peening.The axial fatigue testing with R=-1 on the grey iron showed that peening using large shot size and high peening intensity (heavy shot peening) resulted in a fatigue strength reduction of 15-20% in comparison with the mechanically polished surface. The negative effects are likely related to surface damage and relatively high tensile residual stresses in subsurface induced by the heavy peening. Grey cast iron has low ductility in tension and therefore tensile residual stresses may promote multiple cracking and crack networking during cyclic loading.Shot peening using much smaller shots and lower intensity (gentle shot peening) which resulted in a much smaller residual stress field gave no significant changes in fatigue strength. However, a short time annealing at 285°C of specimens being gently shot peened increased the fatigue strength roughly by 10%. The improvement could be an effect of precipitates formed due to the heat treatment, which lock the dislocation movement under cyclic loading.
  •  
50.
  • Lundberg, Mattias, 1985- (författare)
  • Residual stresses, fatigue and deformation in cast iron
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The complex geometry of cylinder heads in heavy-duty diesel engines makes grey iron or compact graphite iron a preferred material choice due to its price, castability, thermal conductivity and damping capacity. Today’s strict emission laws have increased the demands on engine performance and engine efficiency. This means that material properties such as fatigue resistance need to be improved. Shot peening is often used to improve the fatigue resistance of components and the benefits of shot peening are associated with the induced compressive surface stresses and surface hardening. How different shot peening parameters can affect fatigue strength of grey and compact graphite iron has been investigated within the project underlying this thesis. To do this, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was utilized for residual stress measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microstructural characterizations and mechanical fatigue testing for mechanical quantifications. The ultimate aim of this work has been to increase the fatigue resistance of cast iron by residual stress optimization.XRD measurements and SEM examinations revealed that the shot peening parameters shot size and peening intensity significantly influence residual stresses and surface deformation. Residual stress profiles, similar to the one general considered to improve the fatigue strength in steels, were obtained for both grey and compact graphite iron. Uniaxial push-pull fatigue testing on grey iron with these shot peening parameters reduced the fatigue strength with 15–20 %. The negative effect is likely related to surface damage associated with over peening and relatively high subsurface tensile residual stresses. With very gentle shot peening parameters, the uniaxial fatigue strength were unaltered from the base material but when subjected to bending fatigue an increase in fatigue strength were observed. An alternative way to increase the fatigue strength was to conduct a 30 min annealing heat treatment at 285 XC which increased the fatigue strength by almost 10 % in uniaxial loading. The improvement could be an effect of favourable precipitates forming during the annealing, which could hinder dislocation movement during fatigue.Measuring residual stresses using XRD and the sin2 -method demands accurate X-ray elastic constants (XEC) for meticulous stress analysis. The XEC referred to as 1~2s2 should therefore always be calibrated for the specific material used. The experiments conducted revealed that the XEC value is independent of the testing method used in this work. A small correction from the theoretical value should be applied when the material contains small amounts of residual stresses. The amount of residual stresses has a great impact on the XEC and thus on the stress analysis. Concluding that proper analysis of residual stresses in cast iron is not straight forward.
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