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Sökning: WFRF:(Bärebring Linnea)

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1.
  • Bärebring, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy in a Multi-Ethnic Population-Representative Swedish Cohort.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 8:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is currently little information on changes in vitamin D status during pregnancy and its predictors. The aim was to study the determinants of change in vitamin D status during pregnancy and of vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L) in early pregnancy. Blood was drawn in the first (T1) and third trimester (T3). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (N = 1985) was analysed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Season-corrected 25(OH)D was calculated by fitting cosine functions to the data. Mean (standard deviation) 25(OH)D was 64.5(24.5) nmol/L at T1 and 74.6(34.4) at T3. Mean age was 31.3(4.9) years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.5(4.2) kg/m² and 74% of the women were born in Sweden. Vitamin D deficiency was common among women born in Africa (51%) and Asia (46%) and prevalent in 10% of the whole cohort. Determinants of vitamin D deficiency at T1 were of non-North European origin, and had less sun exposure, lower vitamin D intake and lower age. Season-corrected 25(OH)D increased by 11(23) nmol/L from T1 to T3. The determinants of season-corrected change in 25(OH)D were origin, sun-seeking behaviour, clothing style, dietary vitamin D intake, vitamin D supplementation and recent travel <35° N. In conclusion, season-corrected 25(OH)D concentration increased during pregnancy and depended partly on lifestyle factors. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was low but common among women born in Africa and Asia. Among them, the determinants of both vitamin D deficiency and change in season-corrected vitamin D status were fewer, indicating a smaller effect of sun exposure.
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2.
  • Almulla, Aisha, et al. (författare)
  • The relative validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire among pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates: The Mutaba'ah study
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: NUTRITION AND HEALTH. - 0260-1060 .- 2047-945X.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is the most frequently used dietary assessment method in estimating dietary intakes in epidemiological studies. Aim: This study aimed to assess the relative validity of a semiquantitative FFQ in evaluating dietary intake among pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates. Methods: Within the Mutaba'ah study, a subsample of 111 pregnant women completed a semiquantitative FFQ and a single 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR) regarded as the reference method. Absolute and energy-adjusted nutrient and food intakes between the FFQ and 24-HDR were compared using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test, correlations, Bland-Altman analysis, cross-classification, and weighted kappa analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in reported absolute intakes between the FFQ and 24-HDR for carbohydrates, whole grains, white meat, beta-carotene, vitamin K, sodium, and selenium. Spearman's correlation coefficients between the FFQ and 24-HDR ranged from 0.09 (trans fatty acids) to 0.5 (potassium) for absolute intakes. Correlation decreased after energy adjustment. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the FFQ overestimated intakes compared with 24-HDR and that the limits of agreement were wide. The average percentage of pregnant women classified into the same or adjacent quartile of intake by both methods was 73%. Weighted kappa values ranged from -0.02 (white meat) to 0.33 (magnesium). Conclusion: Our findings showed that the semi-quantitative FFQ is a useful tool in ranking pregnant women from the Emirati population according to their dietary intake. However, the validity of some estimated intakes was poor; hence, certain intakes should be interpreted with caution.
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3.
  • Amberntsson, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Atopic heredity modifies the association between maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and the risk of atopic disease in childhood: an observational study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 21:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background The relationship between maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and the development of atopic diseases in the offspring has been frequently studied, but with contradictory results. Previous studies have found an inverse relation between maternal vitamin D in pregnancy and the risk of atopic diseases in the child. In contrast, others have found a higher maternal 25OHD to be related to a higher risk of atopic diseases. Thus, the aim was to investigate the associations between maternal vitamin D status and intake in pregnancy with asthma, eczema and food allergies in the children up to 5 years. In addition, effect modification by reported atopic heredity was studied. Methods Participants in the GraviD study had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) analyzed in serum in early (T1) and late (T3) pregnancy. Maternal dietary vitamin D intake was estimated from a short food frequency questionnaire and supplement use by questionnaires. At 5 years of age the child ' s history of asthma, eczema and food allergy, including atopic heredity, was reported by questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used. Results The cumulative incidence of asthma was 13%, eczema 22%, and food allergy 18%. Only among children without reported atopic heredity, maternal 25OHD of 50-75 nmol/L in T1 was associated with lower odds of asthma (OR 0.271, 95% CI 0.127-0.580), compared to maternal 25OHD > 75 nmol/L. Additionally in these children, maternal 25OHD in T3 (continuous) was associated with asthma (OR 1.014, 95% CI 1.002-1.009), and dietary vitamin D intake with eczema (OR 1.141, 95% CI 1.011-1.288). Conclusions Among children without reported atopic heredity, higher maternal vitamin D status and intake during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of reported atopic disease.
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4.
  • Amberntsson, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Maternal vitamin D status and risk of childhood overweight at 5 years of age in two Nordic cohort studies
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - 2296-861X. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IntroductionMaternal vitamin D status during pregnancy has been suggested to have a role in childhood adiposity development, but results are conflicting. Our aims were to investigate [1] the relationships between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) during pregnancy and the child's body mass index (BMI) and risk of overweight at 5 years of age, and [2] maternal pre-pregnancy BMI as effect modifier for these associations. MethodsData sources included a subsample from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa sub-cohort; N = 2,744) and the Swedish GraviD cohort study (N = 891). Maternal 25OHD was analyzed in gestational week 18 in the MoBa sub-cohort and week 10 in the GraviD cohort. In the MoBa sub-cohort, parents reported their child's documented measures of weight and length or height from the health card at routine check-up. In the GraviD cohort, this information was collected directly from medical records. Childhood overweight (including obesity) was identified using the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs. Linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between maternal 25OHD and child's BMI and risk of overweight at 5 years of age in each cohort separately, and in a pooled dataset. ResultsIn the pooled analysis, maternal 25OHD <30 nmol/L was associated with lower BMI in children at 5 years of age, but not with risk of overweight. Interaction analysis showed that the association was predominant among children of mothers with pre-pregnancy BMI & GE;25 kg/m(2). ConclusionLow maternal vitamin D status, particularly in mothers with overweight or obesity, predicted lower BMI in their five-year-old children. However, there was no evidence of an effect on overweight in these children.
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5.
  • Amberntsson, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Maternal vitamin D status in relation to infant BMI growth trajectories up to 2 years of age in two prospective pregnancy cohorts
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Obesity Science & Practice. - : Wiley. - 2055-2238. ; 8:5, s. 670-681
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Early childhood growth can affect the child's health status later in life. Maternal vitamin D status has been suggested to affect early childhood growth. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the role of maternal vitamin D status on growth trajectories during infancy. By using growth mixture modeling (GMM), maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy can be investigated in relation to different classes of infant growth trajectories. Objectives: To examine the association between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and classes of infant body mass index (BMI) growth trajectories. Methods: Mother-child pairs were included from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa, n = 2522) and the Swedish GraviD cohort (n = 862). Maternal 25OHD in pregnancy was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Children's weights and heights were registry-based. GMM identified classes of infant BMI growth trajectories up to 2 years. The association between maternal 25OHD and infant BMI class by cohort was estimated using a log-link generalized linear model. Mixed model analysis estimated the pooled association including both cohorts. Results: Two infant BMI classes were identified, stable normal and stable high. In MoBa, maternal 25OHD <50 and 50-75 nmol/L were associated (RR 2.70, 95% CI 1.26-5.77 and RR 2.56, 95% CI 1.20-5.47) with a higher risk of the infant stable high BMI class, compared with 25OHD >75 nmol/L. In GraviD, no association was found. In pooled analysis, maternal 25OHD <= 75 nmol/L was non-significantly associated with a higher risk of the stable high BMI growth class. Conclusions: Maternal 250HD <= 75 nmol/L may be associated with a higher class of BMI growth trajectory during infancy.
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6.
  • Amberntsson, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Vitamin D intake and determinants of vitamin D status during pregnancy in The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - 2296-861X. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundNorwegian data on vitamin D status among pregnant women indicate a moderate to high prevalence of insufficient vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations & LE;50 nmol/L). There is a lack of population-based research on vitamin D intake and determinants of 25OHD in pregnant women from northern latitudes. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate total vitamin D intake from both diet and supplements, (2) to investigate determinants of vitamin D status, and (3) to investigate the predicted response in vitamin D status by total vitamin D intake, in pregnant Norwegian women. MethodsIn total, 2,960 pregnant women from The Norwegian Environmental Biobank, a sub-study within The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), were included. Total vitamin D intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire in gestational week 22. Concentrations of plasma 25OHD was analyzed by automated chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method in gestational week 18. Candidate determinant variables of 25OHD were chosen using stepwise backward selection and investigated using multivariable linear regression. Predicted 25OHD by total vitamin D intake, overall and stratified by season and pre-pregnancy BMI, was explored using restricted cubic splines in an adjusted linear regression. ResultsOverall, about 61% of the women had a total vitamin D intake below the recommended intake. The main contributors to total vitamin D intake were vitamin D supplements, fish, and fortified margarine. Higher 25OHD concentrations were associated with (in descending order of the beta estimates) summer season, use of solarium, higher vitamin D intake from supplements, origin from high income country, lower pre-pregnancy BMI, higher age, higher vitamin D intake from foods, no smoking during pregnancy, higher education and energy intake. During October-May, a vitamin D intake according to the recommended intake was predicted to reach sufficient 25OHD concentrations >50 nmoL/L. ConclusionThe findings from this study highlight the importance of the vitamin D intake, as one of few modifiable determinants, to reach sufficient 25OHD concentrations during months when dermal synthesis of vitamin D is absent.
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7.
  • Armstrong, P. M., et al. (författare)
  • Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Its Determinants among Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization Treatment for Infertility in Sweden
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nutrients. - 2072-6643. ; 15:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • There is a lack of research on women with infertility in the northern latitudes, where vitamin D insufficiency is high. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D insufficiency (serum 25(OH)D concentration < 50 nmol/L) among women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Thus, 265 women scheduled for IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) between September 2020 and August 2021 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden, were included. Data on serum 25(OH)D concentration, vitamin D intake, and sun exposure were collected via questionnaires and blood samples. Approximately 27% of the women had 25(OH)D insufficiency, which was associated with longer infertility duration. The likelihood of insufficiency was higher among women from non-Nordic European countries (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.03-8.26, adjusted p = 0.043), the Middle East (OR 9.90, 95% CI 3.32-29.41, adjusted p < 0.001), and Asia (OR 5.49, 95% CI 1.30-23.25, adjusted p = 0.020) than among women from Nordic countries. Women who did not use vitamin D supplements were more likely to have insufficiency compared with supplement users (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.55-7.10, adjusted p = 0.002), and those who avoided sun exposure had higher odds of insufficiency compared to those who stayed "in the sun all the time" (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.22-8.62, adjusted p = 0.018). Women with infertility in northern latitudes and those from non-Nordic countries who avoid sun exposure and do not take vitamin supplements have a higher prevalence of 25(OH)D insufficiency and longer infertility duration.
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8.
  • Arnesen, E. K., et al. (författare)
  • Nuts and seeds consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and their risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 67
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: We aimed to systematically review studies and evaluate the strength of the evidence on nuts/seeds consumption and cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors among adults. Methods: A protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021270554). We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus up to September 20, 2021 for prospec-tive cohort studies and >= 12-week randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Main outcomes were cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and type 2 diabetes (T2D), secondary total-/low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, blood pressure and glycaemic markers. Data extraction and risk of bias (RoB) assessments (using RoB 2.0 and RoB-NObS) were performed in duplicate. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses and expressed as relative risk (RR) or weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI); heterogeneity quantified as I2. One-stage dose-response analyses assessed the linear and non-linear associations with CVD, CHD, stroke and T2D. The strength of evidence was classified per the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Results: After screening 23,244 references, we included 42 papers from cohort studies (28 unique cohorts, 1,890,573 participants) and 18 RCTs (2,266 participants). In the cohorts, mainly populations with low con-sumption, high versus low total nuts/seeds consumption was inversely associated with total CVD (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.75, 0.86; I-2 = 67%), CVD mortality (0.77; 0.72, 0.82; I-2 = 59.3%), CHD (0.82; 0.76, 0.89; I-2 = 64%), CHD mortality (0.75; 0.65, 0.87; I-2 = 66.9%) and non-fatal CHD (0.85; 0.75, 0.96; I-2 = 62.2%). According to the non-linear dose-response analyses, consumption of 30 g/day of total nuts/seeds was associated with RRs of similar magnitude. For stroke and T2D the summary RR for high versus low intake was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85, 0.97; I-2 = 24.8%) and 0.95 (0.75, 1.21; I-2 = 82.2%). Intake of nuts (median similar to 50 g/day) lowered total (-0.15 mmol/L; -0.22, -0.08; I-2 = 31.2%) and LDL-cholesterol (-0.13 mmol/L; -0.21, -0.05; I-2 = 68.6%), but not blood pressure. Findings on fasting glucose, HbA1c and insulin resistance were conflicting. The results were robust to sensitivity and subgroup analyses. We rated the associations between nuts/seeds and both CVD and CHD as probable. There was limited but suggestive evidence for no association with stroke. No conclusion could be made for T2D. Conclusion: There is a probable relationship between consumption of nuts/seeds and lower risk of CVD, mostly driven by CHD, possibly in part through effects on blood lipids. More research on stroke and T2D may affect the conclusions. The evidence of specific nuts should be further investigated.
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9.
  • Arnesen, E. K., et al. (författare)
  • Protein intake in children and growth and risk of overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 66, s. 1-23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the evidence for an association between the dietary protein intake in children and the growth and risk of overweight or obesity up to 18 years of age in settings relevant for the Nordic countries. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus up to February 26, 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective cohort studies assessing for protein intake from foods (total and from different sources) in children. The outcomes include weight, height/length, adiposity indices, and/or risk of overweight and/or obesity. The risk of bias was evaluated with instruments for each respective design (Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2.0 and RoB-NObS). A meta-analysis of five cohort studies was performed. The evidence was classified according to the criteria of the World Cancer Research Fund. Results: The literature search resulted in 9,132 abstracts, of which 55 papers were identified as potentially relevant. In total, 21 studies from 27 publications were included, of which five were RCTs and 16 were cohort studies. The RCTs found generally null effects of high-protein intake in infants on weight gain, nor that lower protein diets negatively affected growth. All included RCTs had some concern regarding the risk of bias and were limited by small sample sizes. Total protein intake and BMI were assessed in 12 co-horts, of which 11 found positive associations. The meta-analysis revealed a pooled effect estimate of 0.06 (95% CI 0.03, 0.1) kg/m2 BMI per one E% increment in total protein (I2 = 15.5). Therefore, the evidence for a positive relationship between total protein intake and BMI was considered probable. Furthermore, there was probable evidence for an association between higher intake of animal protein and increased BMI. There was limited, suggestive evidence for an effect of total protein intake and higher risk of overweight and/or obesity, while no conclusions could be made on the associations between animal vs. plant protein intake and risk of overweight and/or obesity. Discussion: In healthy, well-nourished children of Western populations, there is probably a causal relationship between a high-protein intake in early childhood (<= 18 months) - particularly protein of animal origin - and higher BMI later in childhood, with consistent findings across cohort studies. A lack of RCTs precluded a stronger grading of the evidence.
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10.
  • Augustin, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Late Pregnancy Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Doubled Odds of Birth Asphyxia and Emergency Caesarean Section: A Prospective Cohort Study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Maternal and Child Health Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1092-7875 .- 1573-6628. ; 24, s. 1412-1418
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the associations between maternal vitamin D status in late pregnancy and emergency caesarean section (EMCS) and birth asphyxia, in a population based sample of women in Sweden. Methods Pregnant women were recruited at the antenatal care in Sweden and 1832 women were included after exclusion of miscarriages, terminated pregnancies and missing data on vitamin D status. Mode of delivery was retrieved from medical records. EMCS was defined as caesarean section after onset of labour. Birth asphyxia was defined as either 5 min Apgar score < 7 or arterial umbilical cord pH < 7.1. Serum was sampled in the third trimester of pregnancy (T3) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25OHD < 30 nmol/L, and associations were studied using logistic regression analysis and expressed as adjusted odds ratios (AOR). Results In total, 141 (7.7%) women had an EMCS and 58 (3.2%) children were born with birth asphyxia. Vitamin D deficiency was only associated with higher odds of EMCS in women without epidural anaesthesia (AOR = 2.01, p = 0.044). Vitamin D deficiency was also associated with higher odds of birth asphyxia (AOR = 2.22, p = 0.044). Conclusions for Practice In this Swedish prospective population-based cohort study, vitamin D deficiency in late pregnancy was associated with doubled odds of birth asphyxia and with EMCS in deliveries not aided by epidural anaesthesia. Prevention of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women may reduce the incidence of EMCS and birth asphyxia. The mechanism behind the findings require further investigation.
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11.
  • Augustin, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • Poor dietary quality is associated with low adherence to gestational weight gain recommendations among women in Sweden
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 12:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Appropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) is important for fetal development and maternal health, but it is unclear what dietary factors predict GWG. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary quality during pregnancy and GWG. In total, 1113 pregnant women were recruited when registering for antenatal care. GWG was defined according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. GWG was calculated as measured body weight at registration for antenatal care, to gestational week 37 ± 2. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administered in gestational week >31. In total, 40% gained within the IOM GWG recommendations, 25% had insufficient GWG and 35% excessive GWG. Women with a poor or fair quality diet gained approximately 2 kg more than women with a high-quality diet. Poor dietary quality was also associated with higher odds of excessive GWG, due to fat quality and intake of discretionary foods. In conclusion, poor quality dietary intake is associated with lower adherence to the guidelines on weight gain in pregnancy. A diet characterised by high-quality fat intake, low consumption of discretionary foods and high nutrient intake may promote healthy weight gain and prevent excessive GWG.
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12.
  • Brembeck, Petra, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • Determinants of changes in vitamin D status postpartum in Swedish women.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: The British journal of nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 115:3, s. 422-430
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Low vitamin D status has been associated with unfavourable health outcomes. Postpartum, it is speculated that maternal vitamin D status decreases due to transfer of vitamin D from mother to child through breast milk. A few studies have investigated changes in maternal vitamin D postpartum and possible determinants. Thus, the aims of the present study were to determine changes in serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) between 2 weeks and 12 months postpartum in Swedish women and to evaluate lactation and other determinants for changes in 25(OH)D concentration postpartum. In total, seventy-eight women were studied at 2 weeks, 4 months and 12 months postpartum. Data collection included measurements of weight and height as well as information about lactation, sun exposure, use of oestrogen contraceptives and physical activity level. Blood samples were collected and serum 25(OH)D levels were analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem MS. Dietary intake of vitamin D was recorded using 4-d food diaries. For all the women studied, mean serum 25(OH)D did not change between 2 weeks and 12 months postpartum (67 (sd 23) v. 67 (sd 19) nmol/l). No association was found between lactation and changes in serum 25(OH)D concentration postpartum. Significant determinants for postpartum changes in 25(OH)D concentration were use of vitamin D supplements (P=0·003), use of oestrogen contraceptives (P=0·013) and season (P=0·005). In conclusion, no changes were observed in 25(OH)D concentrations during the 1st year postpartum in these women and no association was found between lactation and changes in 25(OH)D concentration postpartum. The main determinants for the variation in changes in 25(OH)D concentrations postpartum were use of vitamin D supplements, use of oestrogen contraceptives and season.
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13.
  • Bärebring, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • A validated screening tool correctly identifies the majority of pregnant women at high risk of vitamin D deficiency
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition Espen. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4577. ; 49, s. 301-306
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background & aim: The objective was to develop and validate a non-invasive screening tool to identify pregnant women at high risk of vitamin D deficiency. Methods: Data from the Swedish prospective cohort GraviD, 2125 pregnant women, were randomly split in halves; one for developing the screening tool, and one for validation. Risk factors of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 30 nmol/L) were identified using logistic regression analyses and odds ratios were translated into scores. Cutt offs to indicate high risk of vitamin D deficiency were evaluated by receiver operator characteristics. Results: Five variables (season, clothing, eye color, fortified milk intake and vitamin D supplement use) were included in the screening tool. The possible total score was 0-42. Mean (95% CI) area under the curve for classification of vitamin D deficiency was 0.921 (0.893-0.948) (p < 0.001). A score of >15 points had 92% sensitivity and 76% specificity to identify women with 25OHD <30 nmol/L. This cut off had a positive predictive value of 31% and a negative predictive value of 99%. Conclusion: This short non-invasive screening tool is valid as it correctly identified the majority of the vitamin D deficient pregnant women, who may benefit from further investigation for definite diagnosis and subsequent treatment.0 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/).
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14.
  • Bärebring, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • Food intake and gestational weight gain in Swedish women
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Springerplus. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2193-1801. ; 5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The objective of this study was to investigate if food intake (dairy, snacks, caloric beverages, bread, cheese, margarine/butter, potato/rice/pasta/grains, red meat, fish and fruit/berries/vegetables) is associated with gestational weight gain (GWG) in Swedish women. Methods: Four day food records from 95 pregnant Swedish women were collected in the last trimester. GWG was calculated as weighed body weight in the last trimester (median gestational week 36) minus self-reported pre-pregnancy body weight. Excessive GWG was defined according to the guidelines by the Institute of Medicine. Food groups tested for association with GWG were dairy (milk, yoghurt and sour milk), snacks (sweets, crisps, popcorn, ice cream and cookies, but not nuts and seeds), caloric beverages (soft drinks, juice, lemonade and non-alcoholic beer), bread, cheese, margarine/butter, potato/rice/pasta/grains, red meat, fish and fruit/berries/vegetables. Results: Median (lower-upper quartiles) GWG was 12.1 kg (10.0-15.3). In total, 28 % had an excessive GWG. Excessive GWG was most common among pre-pregnancy overweight and obese women, where 69 % had an excessive GWG. Median daily intake of fruits and vegetables was 352 g (212-453), caloric beverages was 238 g (100-420) and snacks was 111 g (69-115). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that intake of caloric beverages, snacks, fish, bread and dairy in the last trimester of pregnancy were positively related to GWG (R-2 = 0.32). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that intake of caloric beverages, snacks, fish, and bread was associated with higher odds ratios for excessive GWG. Conclusion: Intake of caloric beverages, snacks, fish and bread were positively related to excessive GWG. Thus, these results indicate that maternal dietary intake should be given higher attention in the antenatal care.
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15.
  • Bärebring, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • Gender differences in perceived food healthiness and food avoidance in a Swedish population-based survey: a cross sectional study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 19:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background The aim of this work was to study potential gender differences in perceived food healthiness and food avoidance in a population-representative sample of the Swedish adult population. Methods A questionnaire regarding diet and health was posted to 2000 randomly selected residents in Sweden, aged 20-65 years. Questions were posed regarding which foods or food components the participants avoided due to perceived unhealthiness and how healthy they believed the food items to be. The pre-specified food components included sugar, carbohydrate, gluten, lactose, dairy, fat, saturated fat, red meat, white flour, salt, alcohol and food additives (specifically glutamate, sweetening, preservative and coloring agents). Chi square tests were used to study differences in perceived food healthiness and food avoidance depending on gender. Results Around 50% reported avoidance of sugar (51.6%) and sweeting agents (45.2%), whereas fewer reported avoidance of saturated fat (16.8%) and salt (10.6%). Women were more likely than men to avoid gluten (AOR [95% CI] 2.84 [1.33-6.05]), red meat (3.29 [1.86-5.80]), white flour (2.64 [1.65-4.21]), preservatives (1.7 [1.07-2.70]) and coloring agents (2.10 [1.29-3.41]) due to perceived unhealthiness. Gender differences were also apparent in perceived healthiness of sugar, gluten, dairy, red meat, white flour, alcohol and food additives, where women tended to be more negative than men in their attitudes. Women more often said to read new findings in media about diet (16% vs 9%, p = 0.029) and prioritize a healthy lifestyle (35% vs 25%, p = 0.015). More than a third of both women and men reported worrying over the healthiness of their diet, and a higher proportion of women than men (18% vs 11%, p = 0.015) agreed with the statement that they were often anxious over having an unhealthy diet. Conclusions Women in this population-based study of residents in Sweden were more likely than men to avoid eating gluten, red meat, white flour and food additives due to perceived unhealthiness, and reported more diet and health related anxiety. Future research to identify effective ways of promoting healthy eating for both women and men, while minimizing diet-health related anxiety, is highly warranted.
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16.
  • Bärebring, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • Intake of vitamin B12 in relation to vitamin B12 status in groups susceptible to deficiency: a systematic review
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 67
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To systematically review the evidence for whether habitual or different levels of experimental intake of vitamin B12 from diet and supplements is sufficient to ensure adequate B12 status in groups most susceptible to vitamin B12 deficiency.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus up to 21 May 2021, for intervention studies, prospective cohort studies and case-control studies assessing B12 intake from diet and/or supplements in relation to B12 status (s/p-B12, holotranscobalamin, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine or breastmilk B12). Cross-sectional studies were eligible for studies conducted during pregnancy and lactation. Included populations were children (0-18 years), young adults (18-35 years), pregnant or lactating women, older adults (& GE;65 years) and vegans or vegetarians. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted by two assessors independently. The evidence was synthesized qualitatively and classified according to the World Cancer Research Fund.Results: The searches yielded 4855 articles of which 89 were assessed in full text and 18 included. Three studies were conducted during pregnancy and three during lactation or infancy - all observational. Eight studies were conducted among older adults; most were interventions among B12-deficient participants. Four studies were eligible for vegetarian and vegans, all interventions. The strength of evidence that habitual B12 intake or an intake in line with the current Nordic recommended intake (RI) is sufficient to ensure adequate status was considered Limited - no conclusion for all included populations.Conclusion: Evidence is insufficient to assess if or which level of B12 intake is sufficient to maintain adequate status for all included populations. Population-based cohort studies and low-to-moderate dose interventions that address this question are highly warranted.
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17.
  • Bärebring, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • Poor dietary quality is associated with increased inflammation in Swedish patients with rheumatoid arthritis
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 10:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim was to study whether dietary quality was associated with disease activity and inflammation among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This cross-sectional analysis included 66 Swedish participants, who each completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at screening. Food intake was scored by a dietary quality index created by the Swedish National Food Agency. Disease activity was measured as Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), a patient administered visual analogue scale of perceived global health and the number of tender and swollen joints out of 28 examined. Inflammation was measured as ESR and C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Associations between dietary quality, disease activity and inflammation were evaluated using multivariable linear regression analysis. High dietary quality (high intake of fish, shellfish, whole grain, fruit and vegetables and low intake of sausages and sweets) was not related to DAS28 (B = −0.02, p = 0.787). However, dietary quality was significantly negatively associated with hs-CRP (B = −0.6, p = 0.044) and ESR (B = −2.4, p = 0.002) after adjusting for body mass index, age, education, smoking and gender. Both hs-CRP and ESR decreased with increasing dietary quality. In conclusion, among patients with RA, high dietary quality was associated with reduced inflammation but not with disease activity.
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18.
  • Bärebring, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • Preeclampsia and Blood Pressure Trajectory during Pregnancy in Relation to Vitamin D Status
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Every tenth pregnancy is affected by hypertension, one of the most common complications and leading causes of maternal death worldwide. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy include pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia. The pathophysiology of the development of hypertension in pregnancy is unknown, but studies suggest an association with vitamin D status, measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between gestational 25(OH) D concentration and preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension and blood pressure trajectory. This cohort study included 2000 women. Blood was collected at the first (T1) and third (T3) trimester (mean gestational weeks 10.8 and 33.4). Blood pressure at gestational weeks 10, 25, 32 and 37 as well as symptoms of preeclampsia and pregnancy-induced hypertension were retrieved from medical records. Serum 25(OH) D concentrations (LC-MS/MS) in T1 was not significantly associated with preeclampsia. However, both 25(OH) D in T3 and change in 25 (OH) D from T1 to T3 were significantly and negatively associated with preeclampsia. Women with a change in 25(OH) D concentration of >= 30 nmol/L had an odds ratio of 0.22 (p = 0.002) for preeclampsia. T1 25(OH) D was positively related to T1 systolic (beta = 0.03, p = 0.022) and T1 diastolic blood pressure (beta = 0.02, p = 0.016), and to systolic (beta = 0.02, p = 0.02) blood pressure trajectory during pregnancy, in adjusted analyses. There was no association between 25(OH) D and pregnancy-induced hypertension in adjusted analysis. In conclusion, an increase in 25(OH) D concentration during pregnancy of at least 30 nmol/L, regardless of vitamin D status in T1, was associated with a lower odds ratio for preeclampsia. Vitamin D status was significantly and positively associated with T1 blood pressure and gestational systolic blood pressure trajectory but not with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
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19.
  • Bärebring, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • Serum cortisol and vitamin D status are independently associated with blood pressure in pregnancy
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-0760. ; 189:May, s. 259-264
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim was to study if serum cortisol during pregnancy was associated with blood pressure and development of gestational hypertensive disorders. Additionally, associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and cortisol, including confounding effects and interactions in their relation to blood pressure were investigated. In total, 1413 pregnant women from the prospective Swedish GraviD cohort were included. Serum was collected in the first (T1) and third trimester (T3) and analyzed for 25OHD by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and cortisol using an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay. The main outcome measures were T1 blood pressure and development of gestational hypertensive disorders (gestational hypertension or preeclampsia). Gestational hypertensive disorders were defined as new onset hypertension, with or without proteinuria, after gestational week 20. Mean ± SD cortisol increased significantly from T1 to T3 (312 ± 123 vs. 659 ± 201 nmol/L, p < 0.001) and this increase was influenced by ethnicity. Serum concentrations of cortisol and 25OHD correlated in both T1 (B = 0.35, p < 0.001) and T3 (B = 0.30, p < 0.001). Cortisol and 25OHD were positively associated with T1 blood pressure, and there were non-significant trends for associations with gestational hypertensive disorders. Cortisol and 25OHD did not display any confounding effect or effect modification in their relationships with blood pressure. In conclusion, there was a positive correlation between serum cortisol and 25OHD in both early and late pregnancy. Both cortisol and 25OHD were positively associated with early pregnancy blood pressure. These results imply that the two hormones might be on different paths in their relationship with blood pressure. © 2019
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20.
  • Bärebring, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • Sociodemographic factors associated with dietary supplement use in early pregnancy in a Swedish cohort.
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: The British journal of nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; Jan;119:1, s. 90-95
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Sociodemographic factors have been associated with dietary supplement use among pregnant women but few data exist in a Swedish population. This study aimed to identify factors associated with overall supplement use as well as use of folic acid, vitamin D and n-3 in early pregnancy. Women in the first trimester of pregnancy were included at registration to the antenatal care in 2013-2014 (n 2109). Information regarding supplement use as well as sociodemographic and anthropometric data were obtained from questionnaires and medical records. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between sociodemographic variables and supplement use. A total of 78 % of the participants reported using at least one dietary supplement in the first trimester. Folic acid supplement use was reported by 74 %, vitamin D supplement use by 43 % and n-3 supplement use by <5 %. Use of any type of supplement in early pregnancy was related to gestational age, parity, birthplace, education and employment. Folic acid supplement use was related to gestational age, parity, birthplace, income, education and employment. Vitamin D supplement use was related to gestational age, birthplace and education. In conclusion, in the first trimester of pregnancy, folic acid supplements were used by three in four women, while vitamin D supplements were used by less than half of the women. The results of this study show a socioeconomic disparity between supplement users and non-users which may have a negative impact on the health of future generations.
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21.
  • Bärebring, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • Sociodemographic factors associated with reported attempts at weight loss and specific dietary regimens in Sweden: The SWEDIET-2017 study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of active weight loss attempts in Sweden, and to study the extent to which overweight individuals may or may not correctly identify themselves as overweight. Additional aims were to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with following a specific dietary regimen and with attempts at losing weight. A postal questionnaire was sent to 2000 randomly selected men and women living in Sweden. The inclusion criteria was an age of 20-65 years. In total, the response rate was 28% and the completed questionnaires from 555 participants were analyzed in this study. In total, 46% of participants were overweight or obese by self-reported height and weight. Additionally, 42% of overweight and 90% of obese individuals correctly identified themselves as being overweight. Weight loss was pursued by 41% and was more common among women, those with higher physical activity, higher BMI and higher socioeconomic position. Overall, 22% followed a specific diet, and following a dietary regimen was associated with female gender, higher education level and overweight. In conclusion, almost half of the participants were either overweight or trying to lose weight. Trying to lose weight and following a specific dietary regimen were related to female gender, high BMI and higher socioeconomic position. This could indicate that the socioeconomic disparities in health are further exacerbated, as overweight individuals with poor socioeconomic position might be more likely to remain overweight.
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22.
  • Bärebring, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • Supplementation with long chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy, lactation, or infancy in relation to risk of asthma and atopic disease during childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 66
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To assess whether supplementation with long chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy, lactation, or infancy reduces the risk of developing asthma or atopic disease during childhood.Methods: Searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus up to 2021-09-20, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effect of supple-mental long chain n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy, lactation, or infancy for the prevention of childhood asthma or allergy. Article selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment (Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2.0) were independently conducted by two assessors. The evidence was synthesized qualitatively according to the criteria of the World Cancer Research Fund and meta-analyzed.Results: A total of nine RCTs met inclusion criteria; six were conducted during pregnancy, two during infancy, and one during both pregnancy and infancy. Meta-analysis showed that long chain n-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy significantly reduced the risk of asthma/wheeze in the child (RR 0.62 [95% confidence interval 0.34-0.91], P = 0.005, I2 = 67.4%), but not other outcomes. Supplementation during lactation of infancy showed no effects on any outcome. The strength of evidence that long chain n-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy reduces risk of asthma/wheeze in the offspring was con-sidered limited - suggestive. No conclusion could be made for the effects of long chain n-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy for other atopic diseases, or for supplementation during lactation or infancy for any outcome. Conclusion: The intake of long chain n-3 fatty acid supplements during pregnancy may reduce the risk of asthma and/or wheeze in the offspring, but the strength of evidence is low. There is inconclusive evidence for the effects of long chain n-3 fatty acid supplements during pregnancy for other outcomes, as well as for sup-plementation during lactation or infancy.
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23.
  • Bärebring, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • Trajectory of vitamin D status during pregnancy in relation to neonatal birth size and fetal survival: a prospective cohort study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2393. ; 18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: We investigated the associations between vitamin D status in early and late pregnancy with neonatal small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery. Furthermore, associations between vitamin D status and pregnancy loss were studied. Methods: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was sampled in gestational week <= 16 (trimester 1 (T1), N = 2046) and > 31 (trimester 3 (T3), N = 1816) and analysed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Pregnant women were recruited at antenatal clinics in south-west Sweden at latitude 57-58 degrees N. Gestational and neonatal data were retrieved from medical records. Multiple gestations and terminated pregnancies were excluded from the analyses. SGA was defined as weight and/or length at birth < 2 SD of the population mean and LBW as < 2500 g. Preterm delivery was defined as delivery < 37 + 0 gestational weeks and pregnancy loss as spontaneous abortion or intrauterine fetal death. Associations between neonatal outcomes and 25OHD at T1, T3 and change in 25OHD (T3-T1) were studied using logistic regression. Results: T1 25OHD was negatively associated with pregnancy loss and 1 nmol/L increase in 25OHD was associated with 1% lower odds of pregnancy loss (OR 0.99, p = 0.046). T3 25OHD >= 100 nmol/L (equal to 40 ng/ml) was associated with lower odds of SGA (OR 0.3, p = 0.031) and LBW (OR 0.2, p = 0.046), compared to vitamin D deficiency (25OHD < 30 nmol/L, or 12 ng/ml). Women with a >= 30 nmol/L increment in 25OHD from T1 to T3 had the lowest odds of SGA, LBW and preterm delivery. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency in late pregnancy was associated with higher odds of SGA and LBW. Lower 25OHD in early pregnancy was only associated with pregnancy loss. Vitamin D status trajectory from early to late pregnancy was inversely associated with SGA, LBW and preterm delivery with the lowest odds among women with the highest increment in 25OHD. Thus, both higher vitamin D status in late pregnancy and gestational vitamin D status trajectory can be suspected to play a role in healthy pregnancy.
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24.
  • Bärebring, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • Use of bioelectrical impedance analysis to monitor changes in fat-free mass during recovery from colorectal cancer– a validation study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4577. ; 40, s. 201-207
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background & aims: Although previous research show high correlation between fat-free mass (FFM) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the validity of BIA to track longitudinal changes in FFM is uncertain. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate the ability of BIA to assess changes in FFM during 6 months of recovery from non-metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: A total of 136 women and men (50–80 years) with stage I-III CRC and a wide range of baseline FFM (35.7–73.5 kg) were included in the study. Body composition was measured at study baseline within 2–9 months of surgery and again 6 months later. Whole-body BIA FFM estimates (FFMBIA) were calculated using three different equations (manufacturer's, Schols' and Gray's) before comparison to FFM estimates obtained by DXA (FFMDXA). Results: Correlation between changes in FFMBIA and FFMDXA was intermediate regardless of equation (r ≈ 0.6). The difference in change of FFMBIA was significant compared to FFMDXA, using all three equations and BIA overestimated both loss and gain. However, BIA showed 100% sensitivity and about 90% specificity to identify individuals with ≥5% loss in FFM, using all three equations. Sensitivity of FFMBIA to detect a smaller loss of FFM (60–76%) or a gain in FFM of ≥5% (33–62%) was poor. Conclusion: In a well-nourished population of non-metastatic CRC patients, a single-frequency whole-body BIA device yielded imprecise data on changes in FFM, regardless of equation. BIA is thus not a valid option for quantifying changes in FFM in individuals. However, BIA could be used to identify patients with loss in FFM ≥5% in this population. The validity of BIA to monitor changes in FFM warrants further investigation before implementation in clinical praxis. © 2020 The Author(s)
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25.
  • Bärebring, Linnea, et al. (författare)
  • Validation of Dietary Vitamin D Intake from Two Food Frequency Questionnaires, Using Food Records and the Biomarker 25-Hydroxyvitamin D among Pregnant Women
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 10:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Our objective was to validate vitamin D intake from a short vitamin D questionnaire (VDQ) and a longer online food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) against a food record and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) as a biomarker of vitamin D status, among pregnant women in Sweden. The number of women included was 1125 with VDQ, FFQ and 25OHD, and of those, 64 also completed the food record. Median vitamin D intakes were 3.9 mu g by VDQ (p < 0.001), and 5.3 mu g by FFQ (p = 0.89), compared to 5.0 mu g by food record. Correlations between vitamin D intake from food record and VDQ (rho = 0.51, p < 0.001) or FFQ (rho = 0.49, p < 0.001) were similar. The VDQ and FFQ also had a similar ability to rank the individuals according to vitamin D intake. However, only vitamin D intake from the VDQ was significantly associated with vitamin D status as assessed by 25OHD. The validation coefficient for the VDQ was 0.68 and 0.75 for the FFQ. In conclusion, assessing dietary vitamin D intake is challenging, regardless of the dietary assessment method. The VDQ, that includes only four food items, is a valid, simple and useful tool in assessing vitamin D intake of pregnant women in Sweden, while imposing a minimal burden on women and researchers.
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26.
  • Dierkes, Jutta, et al. (författare)
  • Dietary fiber and growth, iron status and bowel function in children 0-5 years old: a systematic review.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Food & nutrition research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-661X .- 1654-6628. ; 67
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • While dietary fiber intake is low in many children, the current trend to plant-based diets is associated with higher fiber intake in children raised on these diets. As older reports indicate that diets providing high fiber intake in children 0-5 years may affect growth, iron status and bowel function, we summarized the available evidence in this systematic review.To identify, critically appraise, and synthesize evidence on the effect of high fiber intake on growth, iron and bowel function in children 0-5 years, with relevance to the Nordic and Baltic countries.Following a pre-registered protocol, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central of Controlled Trials, and Scopus for clinical trials and prospective cohort studies published until November 2021. Two reviewers independently screened retrieved literature, extracted relevant data, and performed risk of bias assessment. Outcomes were growth, iron metabolism and bowel function in children 0-5 years. We narratively described findings from studies that met inclusion criteria.From 5,644 identified records, five articles met the inclusion criteria. Two RCTs had an overall moderate risk of bias, while the three observational studies had serious risk. Overall, we found no robust association between high intake of dietary fiber and growth. In the RCTs, higher intake of fiber had a positive effect on bowel movements and constipation. No studies on fiber intake and iron status were identified.The certainty of the overall evidence was inconclusive for growth and bowel function, while no assessment was made for iron status.We found no clear association between high intake of dietary fiber and growth or bowel function in young children living in affluent countries, albeit with only a limited number of studies. There is a lack of studies investigating health effects of high fiber intake in small children.
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27.
  • Forsby, Mathilda, 1993, et al. (författare)
  • Nutritional intake and determinants of nutritional quality changes from pregnancy to postpartum—a longitudinal study
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Food Science and Nutrition. - 2048-7177. ; 12:2, s. 1245-1256
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nutrient requirements vary across the reproductive cycle, but research on changes in nutritional intake and quality from pregnancy to beyond the lactation period is limited. Thus, we aimed to study nutritional intake and quality changes, among Swedish pregnant participants from late pregnancy to 18 months postpartum and to study the determinants of nutritional quality changes. Participants (n = 72) were studied longitudinally from the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum (2 weeks 4, 12, and 18 months postpartum). At each visit, participant characteristics and 4-day food diaries were collected. Nutritional quality was assessed by energy adjusted Nutrient Rich Food Index 11.3. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the determinants of change in nutritional quality. Intakes of carbohydrate energy percentage (E%), fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, and potassium were higher in the third trimester compared to postpartum, whereas intakes of E% protein and monounsaturated fat were lower. Adherence to recommended intakes was low at all study visits for saturated fat (4%–11%), fiber (15%–39%), vitamin D (8%–14%), folate (0%–2%), and iron (6%–21%). Overall, nutritional quality did not differ significantly from third trimester to postpartum. Shorter duration (<4 months) of lactation was negatively related to nutritional quality changes, whereas higher age was positively related to changes. In conclusion, nutritional intake from pregnancy to postpartum changed, whereas quality remained relatively stable, with age and lactation duration as determinants. Identification of people at risk of adverse dietary changes from pregnancy to the postpartum period should be further addressed in future larger and more diverse study populations.
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28.
  • Forsby, Mathilda, 1993, et al. (författare)
  • Supplement use in relation to dietary intake in pregnancy: an analysis of the Swedish GraviD cohort.
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: The British journal of nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 131:2, s. 256-264
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We aimed to study supplement use in relation to dietary intake among pregnant women in Sweden, and adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations among supplement and non-supplement users. Pregnant women were recruited at registration to antenatal care in 2013–2014. In third trimester, supplement use was collected using a questionnaire, and dietary intake was collected using a FFQ. The majority (64 %) of the 1044 women reported use of one or more supplements. Among all, 0–23 % reported dietary intakes above recommended intake (RI) of vitamin D, folate, Fe and Se. Median dietary intakes of thiamine (1·4 v. 1·3 mg P = 0·013), phosphorus (1482 v. 1440 mg P = 0·007), folate (327 v. 316 µg P = 0·02), Fe (12 v. 11·5 mg P = 0·009), Mg (361 v. 346 mg P < 0·001) and Zn (10·7 v. 10·4 mg P = 0·01) were higher among supplement users compared with non-users. Larger proportions of supplement users than non-users adhered to RI of dietary intakes of thiamine (42 % v. 35 % P = 0·04) and Mg (75 % v. 69 % P = 0·05). Among non-users, a minority had dietary intakes above RI for vitamin D (6 %), folate (10 %) and Fe (21 %). The majority (75–100 %) of supplement users had total intakes above RI for most nutrients. In conclusion, supplement use contributed substantially to reaching RI for vitamin D, folate and Fe. Supplement users had a higher dietary intake of several nutrients than non-users. This highlights that non-supplement users are at risk of inadequate nutrient intakes during pregnancy, suggesting a need for heightened awareness of nutritional adequacy for pregnant women.
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29.
  • Hulander, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Diet intervention improves cardiovascular profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the randomized controlled cross-over trial ADIRA.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nutrition journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 20:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The chronic inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The contribution of diet as a risk factor for CVD among these patients is however not fully understood. The aim of this study is to investigate if a proposed anti-inflammatory diet improves cardiovascular profile in weight stable patients with RA.Patients (n=50) with RA were included in a cross-over trial. They were randomized to either a diet rich in whole grain, fatty fish, nuts, vegetables and fruit and supplemented with probiotics, or a control diet resembling average nutritional intake in Sweden, for ten weeks. After a 4-month washout they switched diet. Participants received food bags and dietary guidelines. Primary outcome was triglyceride (TG) concentration. Secondary outcomes were total-, high density lipoprotein- (HDL) and low density lipoprotein- (LDL) cholesterol, Apolipoprotein-B100 and -A1, lipoprotein composition, plasma phospholipid fatty acids and blood pressure.Forty-seven patients completed at least one period and they remained weight stable. There was a significant between-dietary treatment effect in TG and HDL-cholesterol concentration in favor of intervention (p=0.007 and p=0.049, respectively). Likewise, Apolipoprotein-B100/A1 ratio shifted toward a less atherogenic profile in favor of the intervention (p=0.007). Plasma fatty acids increased in polyunsaturated- and decreased in monounsaturated- and saturated fatty acids between diet periods in favor of the intervention period.Blood lipid profile improved indicating cardioprotective effects from an anti-inflammatory dietary intervention in patients with RA.This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02941055 .
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30.
  • Hulander, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Improvements in Body Composition after a Proposed Anti-Inflammatory Diet Are Modified by Employment Status in Weight-Stable Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 14:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease affecting peripheral joints. Chronic activation of inflammatory pathways results in decreased function and the development of comorbidities, such as loss of lean mass while retaining total body mass. The objective of this report was to assess whether dietary manipulation affects body composition in patients with RA as a secondary outcome. Fifty patients were included in a randomized controlled crossover trial testing a proposed anti-inflammatory Mediterranean-style diet compared to a Western diet. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy in patients without implants (n = 45). Regardless of treatment, fat-free mass increased and fat mass percentage decreased during weight stability, but no differences between intervention and control in the whole group (n = 42, all p > 0.20) were found. Interaction analysis revealed that participants who were non-employed (n = 15) significantly decreased in fat mass (-1.767 kg; 95% CI: -3.060, -0.475, p = 0.012) and fat mass percentage (-1.805%; 95% CI: -3.024, -0.586, p = 0.008) from the intervention compared to the control period. A Mediterranean-style diet improved body composition in non-employed participants (n = 15). The group as a whole improved regardless of dietary allocation, indicating a potential to treat rheumatoid cachexia by dietary manipulation.
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31.
  • Hulander, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Proposed Anti-Inflammatory Diet Reduces Inflammation in Compliant, Weight-Stable Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166. ; 151:12, s. 3856-3864
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: It is unclear to what extent adjuvant dietary intervention can influence inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objectives: The objective was to assess the effects of dietary manipulation on inflammation in patients with RA. Methods: In a crossover design, participants [n = 50, 78% females, median BMI (in kg/m2) 27, median age 63 y] were randomly assigned to begin with either a 10-wk portfolio diet of proposed anti-inflammatory foods (i.e., a high intake of fatty fish, whole grains, fruits, nuts, and berries) or a control diet resembling a Western diet with a 4-mo washout in between. This report evaluates the secondary outcome markers of inflammation among participants with stable medication. Analyses were performed using a linear mixed ANCOVA model. Results: There were no significant effects on CRP or ESR in the group as a whole. In those with high compliance (n = 29), changes in ESR within the intervention diet period differed significantly compared with changes within the control diet period (mean: -5.490; 95% CI: -10.310, -0.669; P = 0.027). During the intervention diet period, there were lowered serum concentrations of C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) (mean: -0.268; 95% CI: -0.452, -0.084;P = 0.006), CXCL5 (mean: -0.278; 95% CI: -0.530, -0.026 P = 0.031), CXCL6 (mean: -0.251; 95% CI: -0.433, -0.069; P = 0.009), and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14) (mean: -0.139; 95% CI: -0.275, -0.002; P = 0.047) compared with changes within the control diet period. Conclusion: A proposed anti-inflammatory diet likely reduced systemic inflammation, as indicated by a decreased ESR in those who completed the study with high compliance (n = 29). These findings warrant further studies to validate our results, and to evaluate the clinical relevance of changes in CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL6, and TNFSF14 in patients with RA. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.
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32.
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33.
  • Lamberg-Allardt, Christel, et al. (författare)
  • Animal versus plant-based protein and risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Food & nutrition research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-661X .- 1654-6628. ; 67
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To systematically review the evidence on the effect of replacing the intake of animal protein with plant protein on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their intermediate risk factors.We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus up to 12th May 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective cohort studies that investigated replacement of animal protein with plant protein from foods. Outcomes were CVDs, T2D, and in RCTs also the effects on blood lipids, glycemic markers, and blood pressure. Risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane's RoB2, ROBINS-I, and USDA's RoB-NObS tools. Random-effects meta-analyses assessed the effects of plant vs. animal proteins on blood lipids in RCTs. The evidence was appraised according to the World Cancer Research Fund's criteria.After screening 15,090 titles/abstracts, full text of 124 papers was scrutinized in detail, from which 13 RCTs and seven cohort studies were included. Eight of the RCTs had either some concern or high risk of bias, while the corresponding evaluation of cohort studies resulted in moderate risk of bias for all seven. Meta-analyses of RCTs suggested a protective effect on total cholesterol (mean difference -0.11 mmol/L; 95% CI -0.22, -0.01) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI -0.25, -0.02) by replacing animal protein with plant protein. The substitution of animal protein with plant protein (percentage of energy intake) in cohort studies was associated with lower CVD mortality (n = 4) and lower T2D incidence (n = 2). The evidence was considered limited-suggestive for both outcomes.Evidence that the substitution of animal protein with plant protein reduces risk of both CVD mortality and T2D incidence is limited-suggestive. Replacing animal protein with plant protein for aspects of sustainability may also be a public health strategy to lower the risk of CVD mortality and T2D.
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34.
  • Lindqvist, Helen, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • A Randomized Controlled Dietary Intervention Improved the Serum Lipid Signature towards a Less Atherogenic Profile in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Metabolites. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-1989. ; 11:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Diet is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). One explanation for this is its effect on specific lipids. However, knowledge on how the lipidome is affected is limited. We aimed to investigate if diet can change the new ceramide- and phospholipid-based CVD risk score CERT2 and the serum lipidome towards a more favorable CVD signature. In a crossover trial (ADIRA), 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had 10 weeks of a Mediterranean-style diet intervention or a Western-style control diet and then switched diets after a 4-month wash-out-period. Five hundred and thirty-eight individual lipids were measured in serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Lipid risk scores were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test or mixed model and lipidomic data with multivariate statistical methods. In the main analysis, including the 46 participants completing >= 1 diet period, there was no significant difference in CERT2 after the intervention compared with the control, although several CERT2 components were changed within periods. In addition, triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters, phosphatidylcholines, alkylphosphatidylcholines and alkenylphosphatidylcholines had a healthier composition after the intervention compared to after the control diet. This trial indicates that certain dietary changes can improve the serum lipid signature towards a less atherogenic profile in patients with RA.
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35.
  • Lindqvist, Helen, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • Exploring the differences in serum metabolite profiles after intake of red meat in women with rheumatoid arthritis and a matched control group
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - 1436-6207. ; 63:1, s. 221-230
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PurposeStudies have suggested that women with RA tend to avoid red meat more often than women without RA, based on their perception that it exacerbates their symptoms. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate and compare the postprandial metabolic response following the consumption of a red meat meal in patients with RA and a matched control group.MethodsParticipants were challenged with a meal with red meat and blood samples were collected before and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 h after the meal. Serum metabolites were quantified by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures with Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to evaluate separation by metabolites due to diagnosis of RA or not and to identify changes in metabolites related to RA. Incremental area under the curve was calculated for univariate comparisons for 23 metabolites.ResultsThe matched groups, including 22 women with RA and 22 women without RA, did not differ significantly in age, body mass index, diet quality or reported physical activity. OPLS-DA models had a limited quality indicating that there were no differences in metabolite patterns between the groups. However, phenylalanine was significantly higher in concentration in women with RA compared to controls in both fasting and postprandial samples.ConclusionTo conclude, this well-controlled postprandial intervention study found a significantly higher concentration of phenylalanine in both fasting and postprandial samples of women with RA compared to matched women without RA. These findings warrant further investigation in larger studies.
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36.
  • Lindqvist, Helen, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • Influence of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) intake on fatty acid composition in erythrocytes and plasma phospholipids and serum metabolites in women with rheumatoid arthritis
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0952-3278. ; 150, s. 7-15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Intake of blue mussels decreased disease activity in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the randomized cross-over MIRA (Mussels, inflammation and RA) trial. This study investigates potential causes of the decreased disease activity by analysing fatty acid composition in erythrocytes and plasma phospholipids and serum metabolites in samples from the participants of the MIRA trial. Twenty-three women completed the randomized 2 × 11-week cross-over dietary intervention, exchanging one cooked meal per day, 5 days a week, with a meal including 75 g blue mussels or 75 g meat. Fatty acid composition in erythrocytes and plasma and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) metabolomics data were analysed with multivariate data analysis. Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures with Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) and OPLS with effect projections (OPLS-EP) were performed to compare the two diets. The fatty acid profile in erythrocytes was different after intake of blue mussels compared to the control diet, and all samples were correctly classified to either the blue mussel diet or control diet. Changes following blue mussel intake included significant increases in omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at the group level but not for all individuals. The fatty acid profile in plasma phospholipids and 1H NMR serum metabolites did not differ significantly between the diets. To conclude, modelling fatty acids in erythrocytes may be a better biomarker for seafood intake than only EPA and DHA content. The change in fatty acid pattern in erythrocytes could be related to reduction in disease activity, although it cannot be excluded that other factors than omega-3 fatty acids potentiate the effect. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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37.
  • Lindqvist, Helen, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • Validity of bioimpedance for assessment of fat-free mass in women with Rheumatoid Arthritis compared to non-rheumatic controls
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition Espen. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4577. ; 47, s. 333-338
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background & aims: The aim was to assess the validity of bioimpedance in the assessment of fat free mass (FFM) among women and to study if the validity differs between women with and without Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Methods: 38 women with RA and 24 non-rheumatic controls were included. FFM was measured in the non-fasting state using DXA (Lunar Prodigy), multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (MF-BIA [Tanita MC-180 MA]), single-frequency BIA (SF-BIA) and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) (both Impedimed SFB7). BIS raw data were also used to calculate FFM from equations by Matthie, Jaffrin and Moissl. Results were compared using correlation, Bland Altman analysis, Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Results: Women with RA had different body water distribution compared to women without RA (p < 0.05). Median bias in FFM assessed by bioimpedance was 0.62-7.87 kg with wide limits of agreement for all methods. Median FFM differed significantly from DXA by all bioimpedance methods except for BIS by Jaffrin. Women with RA had significantly smaller biases compared to non-rheumatic controls using BIS equations by Matthie (p = 0.012) and Moissl (p = 0.025). Correlations between FFM measured by DXA and bioimpedance (r = 0.73-0.85, all p < 0.001) did not differ between groups. The sensitivity of bioimpedance to detect low fat free mass index (FFMI) was 0-47%. Conclusion: The results of this study show that bioimpedance has similar validity in women with RA compared to non-rheumatic controls, despite differences in body water distribution. Agreement with DXA improved when applying specific equations, but the clinical utility of bioimpedance is questionable as all methods failed to identify low FFMI with acceptable precision. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
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38.
  • Nelson, Josefine, et al. (författare)
  • Do Interventions with Diet or Dietary Supplements Reduce the Disease Activity Score in Rheumatoid Arthritis? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 12:10
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim was to compile the evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) of diet or dietary supplements used to reduce disease activity in adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Searches were performed in the databases PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane. Only RCT studies of diets, foods or dietary supplements, looking at effects on the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) among adults with RA, published in peer-reviewed journals, were included. A total of 27 articles were included-three of whole diets (Mediterranean diet, raw food and anti-inflammatory diet), five of food items, five of n-3 fatty acids, five of single micronutrient supplements, four of single antioxidant supplements and five of pre-, pro- or synbiotics. Studies that showed moderate strength evidence for positive effects on disease activity in RA included interventions with a Mediterranean diet, spices (ginger powder, cinnamon powder, saffron), antioxidants (quercetin and ubiquinone), and probiotics containing Lactobacillus Casei. Other diets or supplements had either no effects or low to very low strength of evidence. In conclusion, RCT studies on diet or dietary supplements are limited in patients with RA, but based on the results in this review there is evidence that some interventions might have positive effects on DAS28.
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39.
  • Nwaru, Bright I, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Quality of dietary fat and risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia in adults aged ≥50 years: a systematic review.
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Food & nutrition research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-661X. ; 66
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To identify, critically appraise, and synthesize evidence on the effect of quality of dietary fat intake and different classes of fatty acids on the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia in adults aged ≥50 years.We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central of Controlled Trials, and Scopus for clinical trials and prospective cohort studies published until May 2021. Two reviewers independently screened retrieved literature, extracted relevant data, and performed risk of bias assessment. Classes of fatty acids included were saturated fatty acids (SFAs), trans fatty acids (TFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and their subtypes and sources. Given between-study heterogeneity, we did not perform meta-analyses but narratively described findings from the studies.From 4,491 identified records, five articles (based on four prospective cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria. Three studies had an overall serious risk of bias, while one study had a moderate risk. Overall, we found no robust association between intake of any fatty acids type and the development of AD and dementia. For example, for SFA and TFA, there was contradictory associations reported on AD: one study found that each unit increase in energy-adjusted intake of SFA (risk ratio [RR] 0.83, 95%CI 0.70-0.98) and TFA (RR 0.80, 95%CI 0.65-0.97) was associated with a decreased risk of AD, but not dementia. For PUFA, one study found that higher quintile intake of marine-based n-3 PUFA was associated with a decreased risk of AD. The intake of other fatty acids was not associated with the outcomes. The certainty of the overall evidence was inconclusive.We found no clear association between the intake of various classes of fatty acids and the risk of AD and dementia in adults. More well-designed prospective studies are required to clarify these findings.
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40.
  • Piec, I., et al. (författare)
  • Gestational hypercalcemia: Prevalence and biochemical profile
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-0760 .- 1879-1220. ; 199
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • © 2020 Elsevier Ltd Gestational hypercalcemia is associated with an increased risk of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Hypercalcemia may develop during pregnancy in individuals who were previously asymptomatic. The increased sensitivity during pregnancy may be related to physiological, gestational alterations in vitamin D and calcium metabolism and may be influenced by gene variants. The prevalence is unknown. We investigated the prevalence of hypercalcemia in trimester 3 (T3) in a population representative prospective cohort study (n = 1832) in South-West Sweden. Women with serum albumin (Alb) adjusted calcium (CaAlb) ≥ 2.65 mmol/L in T3 (n = 30) were matched to normo-calcemic controls, and markers of calcium and vitamin D metabolism were investigated in trimester 1 (T1) and T3. Serum concentrations of Ca, phosphate (P), Magnesium (Mg), Alb and creatinine (Cr), parathyroid hormone (PTH; T3 only), vitamin D metabolites (total 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, 24,25(OH)2D, and free 25(OH)D) were analysed in T1 and T3. CaAlb (Payne; inter-laboratory difference: UEA = 0.15 + 0.9*UGOT; UEA 2.54 = UGOT 2.65) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; modified 4-variable MDRD) and vitamin D metabolites ratios (VMR) were calculated. Normally and non-normally distributed data were presented as mean (SD) or median (95 %CI). Group differences in relationships between vitamin D metabolites and with PTH were investigated with multiple regression analyses. Hypercalcemia in T3 was found in 1.7 % of women. PTH concentrations suggestive of primary hyperparathyroidism was found in 1 woman and none had 25(OH)D or 24,25(OH)2D concentrations in the toxicity range or suggestive of mutations in the CYP24A1 gene. CaAlb was significantly higher in hypercalcemic cases compared to controls in T1 (2.44 (2.30–2.80) vs 2.37 (2.25–2.49) mmol/L) and T3 (2.63 (2.52–2.78) vs 2.46 (2.31–2.58) mmol/L). Serum P was higher among cases than controls in T3 (1.12 (0.16) vs 1.07 (0.18) mmol/L) but not in T1 (1.12 (0.18) and 1.12 (0.16) mmol/L). PTH in T3 was lower in cases (1.6 (1.6–2.8) vs 2.3 (2.1–2.8) pmol/L) but 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were similar. There were no significant group differences in serum 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D, Mg, Alb, Cr and eGFR. Regression analyses did not show significant differences between cases and controls in relationships between vitamin D metabolites and with PTH, except for the free 25(OH)D-PTH relationship and a higher free:total 25(OH)D ratio in cases at T1. In conclusion, most common causes of hypercalcemia were excluded in the majority of women. Hypercalcemic women had a relatively high serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration despite an appropriately suppressed PTH, suggestive of abnormal gestational adaptions.
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41.
  • Ramel, Alfons, et al. (författare)
  • White meat consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Food and Nutrition Research. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 67
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The aim was to systematically review the associations among white meat consumption, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus were searched (15th October 2021) for randomized intervention trials (RCTs, ≥ 4 weeks of duration) and prospective cohort studies (≥12 month of follow-up) assessing the consumption of white meat as the intervention/ exposure. Eligible outcomes for RCTs were cardiometabolic risk factors and for cohorts, fatal and non-fatal CVD and incident T2D. Risk of bias was estimated using the Cochrane’s RoB2 and Risk of Bias for Nutrition Observational Studies. Meta-analysis was conducted in case of ≥3 relevant intervention studies or ≥5 cohort studies using random-effects models. The strength of evidence was evaluated using the World Cancer Research Fund’s criteria. Results: The literature search yielded 5,795 scientific articles, and after screening 43 full-text articles, 23 cohort studies and three intervention studies were included. All included intervention studies matched fat content of intervention and control diets, and none of them showed any significant effects on the selected outcomes of white meat when compared to red meat. Findings from the cohort studies generally did not support any associations between white meat intake and outcomes. Meta-analyses were conducted for CVD mortality (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.87–1.02, P = 0.23, I2 = 25%) and T2D incidence (RR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.87–1.11, P = 0.81, I2 = 82%). Conclusion: The currently available evidence does not indicate a role, beneficial or detrimental, of white meat consumption for CVD and T2D. Future studies investigating potentially different health effects of processed versus unprocessed white meat and substitution of red meat with white meat are warranted.
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42.
  • Thorisdottir, B., et al. (författare)
  • Legume consumption in adults and risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 67
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review the evidence for associations between consumption of legumes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their risk factors among healthy adults.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus up to 16 May 2022 for & GE;4 weeks long randomized (RCT) and non-randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies with follow-up & GE;12 months, assessing legume intake (beans/lentils/peas/soybeans, excluding peanuts and legume-products/protein/powder/flour) as the intervention or exposure. Outcomes were CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, T2D and in intervention trials only: changes in blood lipids, glycemic markers, and blood pressure. Risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated with Cochrane's RoB2, ROBINS-I, and US Department of Agriculture (USDA)'s RoB-NObS. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects meta -anal-yses and expressed as relative risk or weighed mean differences with 95% confidence intervals, heterogeneity quantified as I2. The evidence was appraised according to World Cancer Research Fund's criteria.Results: Of the 181 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, 47 were included: 31 cohort studies (2,081,432 participants with generally low legume consumption), 14 crossover RCTs (448 participants), one parallel RCT and one non-randomized trial. Meta-analyses of cohort studies were suggestive of null associations for CVD, CHD, stroke and T2D. Meta-analyses of RCTs suggested a protective effect on total cholesterol (mean difference -0.22 mmol/L), low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (-0.19 mmol/L), fasting glucose (-0.19 mmol/L), and HOMA-IR (-0.30). Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 52% for LDL-cholesterol, >75% for others). The overall evidence for associations between consumption of legumes and risk of CVD and T2D was con-sidered limited - no conclusion.Conclusion: Legume consumption was not found to influence risk of CVD and T2D in healthy adult pop-ulations with generally low legume consumption. However, protective effects on risk factors, seen in RCTs, lend some support for recommending legume consumption as part of diverse and healthy dietary patterns for prevention of CVD and T2D.
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43.
  • Turesson Wadell, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Dietary biomarkers and food records indicate compliance to study diets in the ADIRA (Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid Arthritis) trial
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION. - 2296-861X. ; 10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: In the ADIRA (Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid arthritis) trial, compliance to the study diets has previously been described primarily with a score based on reported intake of trial foods from telephone interviews. The aim of this study was to evaluate compliance using objective dietary biomarkers for whole grain, fruit and vegetables, margarine and oil, seafood and overall fat quality, as well as reported intake from food records of key components of the study diets. Methods: Fifty patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomized to begin with the intervention diet (rich in whole grain, fruit and vegetables, margarine/oil and seafood) or the control diet (rich in meat and high-fat dairy) for 10 weeks, followed by a similar to 4 months wash-out period, and then switched diet. Compliance was evaluated using plasma alkylresorcinols (AR) as biomarkers for intake of whole grain wheat and rye, serum carotenoids for fruit and vegetables, plasma linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6) and -alpha-linolenic acid (18:3, n-3) for margarine and cooking oil, plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3), -docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6, n-3) and -docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3) for seafood, and plasma fatty acid pattern for the overall dietary fat quality. Reported intake of whole grain, fruit, berries and vegetables, seafood, red meat, and fat quality was extracted from 3-d food records. Results: Plasma AR C21:0 and C23:0, LA, EPA, and DHA were higher while total serum carotenoids were lower after the intervention diet period compared to the control diet period (AR and carotenoids: p = <0.05, fatty acids: p = <0.001). Reported intake of whole grain, fruit, berries and vegetables, and seafood was higher and reported intake of red meat was lower during the intervention diet period compared to the control diet period (p = <0.001). Plasma- and reported fatty acid pattern differed as intended between the diet periods. Conclusion: This study indicates that the participants in the ADIRA trial were compliant to the study diets regarding intake of whole grain, cooking fat, seafood, and red meat, and the intended overall dietary fat quality. Compliance to instructions on fruit- and vegetable intake remains uncertain.
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44.
  • Turesson Wadell, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Effects on health-related quality of life in the randomized, controlled crossover trial ADIRA (Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid Arthritis).
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) often report impaired health-related quality of life (HrQoL) such as difficulties in daily life, pain, fatigue and an affected social life. Even when lowering disease activity, pharmacological treatment does not always resolve these factors. The aim of the study was to investigate if a proposed anti-inflammatory diet improves HrQoL in patients with RA. In this controlled crossover trial, 50 patients were randomized to start with either an intervention diet (anti-inflammatory) or a control diet (usual Swedish intake) for ten weeks followed by a wash out period before switching to the other diet. Participants received food equivalent to ~1100 kcal/day, five days/week, and instructions to consume similarly for the remaining meals. HrQoL was evaluated using Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36), Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) for pain, fatigue and morning stiffness, and a time scale for morning stiffness. Forty-seven participants completed ≥1 diet period and were included in the main analyses. No significant difference between intervention and control diet at end of diet periods was observed for any outcome. However, significant improvements were obtained for SF-36 Physical Functioning (mean: 5.79, SE: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.58, 10.01) during the intervention diet period. When excluding participants with anti-rheumatic medication changes, the differences between diet periods increased for most outcomes, favoring the intervention diet period, and the difference for SF-36 Physical Functioning became significant (n = 25, mean: 7.90, 95% CI: 0.56, 15.24, p = 0.036). In main analyses, the proposed anti-inflammatory diet did not significantly improve HrQoL for patients with RA compared to control diet. In sub-analyses, significant improvements in physical functioning were detected. Larger studies with consistent medication use and in populations more affected by the disease may be needed to obtain conclusive evidence.
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45.
  • Turesson Wadell, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Inadequate Dietary Nutrient Intake in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Southwestern Sweden: A Cross-Sectional Study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Nutrition. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-861X. ; 9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who suffer from impaired physical function and fatigue, may have difficulties with grocery shopping and preparing meals. Also, to improve symptoms, patients often experiment with diets but seldom consult a dietitian. Although this could lead to a nutritiously deprived diet, an up-to-date, thorough description of the nutrient intake in Swedish patients with RA is absent. Here, we investigated the habitual dietary energy and nutrient intake in patients with RA living in southwestern Sweden. Materials and Methods: Three-day food records performed at two time points during the ADIRA (Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid Arthritis) trial, were used. The intake of energy and nutrients was analyzed using The Swedish Food Composition Database. Results: A total of 62 participants (50 females, 12 males) were included in the study, where 18 participants completed one 3-day food record and 44 participants completed two 3-day food records. Median (IQR) intake of total fat was above or in the upper range of recommendations (females: 37.1 [32.5, 41.7] energy percent (E%), and males: 40.3 [37.5, 42.9] E%). Median (IQR) intake of saturated fatty acids exceeded recommendations (females: 14.9 [12.5, 17.0] E% and males: 15.4 [12.2, 17.0] E%), while median (IQR) carbohydrate and fiber intakes were below recommendations (females: 41.7 [36.3, 45.4] E% and 17.2 [12.8, 20.9] g, respectively, and males: 38.8 [35.2, 40,3] E% and 18.5 [15.7, 21.0] g, respectively). The reported intake of other macronutrients was in line with recommendations. For several micronutrients, e.g., vitamin A and D, folate, and calcium, median intake was below recommended intake. Vitamin A intake was especially low and did not reach lower intake level (LI) for 14 and 17% of females and males, respectively. For females, about 10% did not reach LI for vitamin D, calcium, and riboflavin. Conclusion: We found that patients with RA residing in southwestern Sweden reported a high intake of saturated fatty acids and low intake of fiber and several micronutrients.
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46.
  • Vadell, Anna K. E., 1991, et al. (författare)
  • Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid Arthritis (ADIRA) - a randomized, controlled crossover trial indicating effects on disease activity
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165. ; 111:6, s. 1203-1213
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) report symptom relief from certain foods. Earlier research indicates positive effects of food and food components on clinical outcomes in RA, but insufficient evidence exists to provide specific dietary advice. Food components may interact but studies evaluating combined effects are lacking. Objectives : We aimed to investigate if an anti-inflammatory diet reduces disease activity in patients with RA. Methods: In this single-blinded crossover trial, 50 patients with RA were randomly assigned to an intervention diet containing a portfolio of suggested anti-inflammatory foods, or a control diet similar to the general dietary intake in Sweden, for 10 wk. After a 4-mo washout period the participants switched diet. Food equivalent to ~50% of energy requirements was delivered weekly to their homes. For the remaining meals, they were encouraged to consume the same type of foods as the ones provided during each diet. Primary outcome was change in Disease Activity Score in 28 joints-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (DAS28-ESR). Secondary outcomes were changes in the components of DAS28-ESR (tender and swollen joints, ESR, and visual analog scale for general health) and DAS28-C-reactive protein. Results: In the main analysis, a linear mixed ANCOVA model including the 47 participants completing ≥1 diet period, there was no significant difference in DAS28-ESR between the intervention and control periods (P = 0.116). However, in unadjusted analyses, DAS28-ESR significantly decreased during the intervention period and was significantly lower after the intervention than after the control period in the participants who completed both periods (n = 44; median: 3.05; IQR: 2.41, 3.79 compared with median: 3.27; IQR: 2.69, 4.28; P = 0.04, Wilcoxon's Signed Rank test). No significant differences in the components were observed. Conclusions: This trial indicates positive effects of a proposed anti-inflammatory diet on disease activity in patients with RA. Additional studies are required to determine if this diet can cause clinically relevant improvements.
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47.
  • Walsh, Meabh, et al. (författare)
  • Avoiding maternal vitamin D deficiency may lower blood glucose in pregnancy
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-0760. ; 186, s. 117-121
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Vitamin D status is hypothesised to play a role in gestational glucose control. No studies to date have examined vitamin D in relation to changes in blood glucose in pregnancy. Thus, the aim was to examine if vitamin D in early pregnancy and vitamin D trajectory associate with blood glucose trajectory over pregnancy in a Swedish cohort. We also investigated the relation between maternal vitamin D status and excessive fetal growth. Methods: In 2013-2014, pregnant women were recruited to the GraviD cohort study when registering at the antenatal clinics in south-west Sweden. In the present analysis, 1928 women were included. Women with preexisting diabetes and multifetal pregnancy were excluded. Random blood glucose was assessed according to routine practice, in first trimester (T1, gestational week 4-16), second trimester (T2, gestational week 17-27), early (T3a, gestational week 28-35) and late third trimester (T3b, gestational week 36-41). In Ti and T3a, serum 25-hydroxyvitamim D (25OHD) was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Large for gestational age (LGA), as a proxy of excessive fetal growth, was defined as body weight at birth above 2 standard deviations of the gender specific population mean. Adjusted linear regression, linear mixed models analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to study 25OHD in relation to Ti blood glucose, glucose trajectory and LGA, respectively. Results: Mean blood glucose increased during pregnancy (5.21 mmol/L in Tl, 5.27 mmol/L in T2, 5.31 mmol/L in T3a and 5.34 mmol/L in T3b; p = 0.003). In T1, 25OHD was negatively associated with blood glucose, i.e. 25OHD > 30 nmol/L was associated with 0.25-0.35 mmol/L lower glucose. Ti 25OHD was also negatively associated with blood glucose trajectory. Higher T3 25OHD was associated with higher odds of LGA (p = 0.032). Conclusion: Avoiding maternal vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy is associated with lower blood glucose in early pregnancy and throughout pregnancy. Higher 25OHD in late pregnancy was associated with higher odds of LGA at birth.
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48.
  • Winkvist, Anna, 1962, et al. (författare)
  • A randomized controlled cross-over trial investigating the effect of anti-inflammatory diet on disease activity and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: the Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid Arthritis (ADIRA) study protocol
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects 0.5-1.0% of the population, and where many patients in spite of modern pharmacological treatment fail to reach remission. This affects physical as well as mental wellbeing and leads to severely reduced quality of life and reduced work capacity, thus yielding high individual as well as societal costs. As a complement to modern pharmacological treatment, lifestyle intervention should be evaluated as a treatment option. Scientific evidence exists for anti-inflammatory effects by single foods on RA, but no study exists where these foods have been combined to obtain maximum effect and thus offer a substantial improvement in patient life quality. The main goal of the randomized cross-over trial ADIRA (Anti-inflammatory Diet In Rheumatoid Arthritis) is to test the hypothesis that an anti-inflammatory diet intervention, compared to a regular diet, will decrease disease activity and improve quality of life in patients with stable established RA. Methods: In total, 50 RA patients with moderate disease activity are randomized to receive initially either a portfolio diet based on several food items with suggested anti-inflammatory effects or a control diet during 2 x 10 weeks with 3 months wash-out between diets. Food bags are delivered weekly by a home food delivery chain and referred to as the fiber bag and the protein bag, respectively, to partially blind participants. Both groups continue with regular pharmacological treatment. Known food biomarkers will be analyzed to measure intervention compliance. Impact on disease severity (measured by DAS28, a composite score which predicts disability and progression of RA), risk markers for cardiovascular disease and quality of life are evaluated after each diet regimen. Metabolomics will be used to evaluate the potential to predict responders to dietary treatment. A health economic evaluation is also included. Discussion: The nutritional status of patients with RA often is poor and many ask their physician for diet advice. No evidence-based dietary guidelines for patients with RA exist because of the paucity of well-conducted sufficiently large diet intervention trials. ADIRA is an efficacy study and will provide evidence as to whether dietary treatment of RA can reduce disease activity and improve quality of life as well as reduce individual and societal costs.
  •  
49.
  • Åkesson, Agneta, et al. (författare)
  • Preparatory work for the update of the tolerable upper intake levels for folic acid/folate
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: EFSA Supporting Publications. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2397-8325 .- 2397-8325. ; 20:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The aim was to collect and appraise scientific evidence that could be used to derive an upper intake level for folic acid/folate. Five systematic reviews of the literature were conducted to identify evidence to i) characterize the dose-response curve between plasma/serum (P/S) folate and dietary folate intake expressed as dietary folate equivalents (DFE) in adults, and to assess the relationship between ‘high’ folate (intake/biomarkers) in humans with low B12 status and the ii) development of neuropathy and iii) cognitive impairment or dementia, and risk of iv) colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer (CRC) and v) and prostate cancer. Narrative reviews were also performed. The linear meta-regression model P/S folate (nmol/L) = 6.0 + 0.034*DFE/d (95% confidence interval, CI; 0.027-0.040), R2 = 0.68, based on 22 studies and 60 data points could be used to predict mean P/S folate (and 95% CI) based on DFE intake. In view of the paucity of data, no comprehensive uncertainty analysis and evidence integration were performed for effects of ‘high’ folate intake on neuropathy, cognitive function/dementia. Comprehensive uncertainty analyses and evidence integration for a detrimental effect at high folate intake/status were performed for folic acid interventions and development of colorectal adenomas, for P/S folate from observational studies in relation to CRC incidence, and for total folate intake from observational studies in relation to prostate cancer incidence. The folic acid interventions were few (n = 4) and revealed both beneficial and detrimental effects on adenoma recurrence. For CRC the meta-analyses on P/S folate indicated no association, but the risk estimates in the highest folate exposure groups were compared to levels indicating folate inadequacy or deficiency, thus, the research question could not be adequately addressed. For prostate cancer incidence too few studies with mixed results prevented any clear conclusion on total folate intake and risk of prostate cancer.
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