| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Behrend, Dirk, et al.
(author)
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Recent Progress in the VLBI2010 Development
- 2008
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In: in Proceedings of the 2007 IAG General Assembly, Perugia, Italy, July 2-13, 2007, ed. M. Sideris, Springer. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 0939-9585. - 9783540854258 ; 133:Part 5, s. 833-840
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- From October 2003 to September 2005, the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) examined current and future requirements for geodetic VLBI, including all components from antennas to analysis. IVS Working Group 3 "VLBI 2010", which was tasked with this effort, concluded with recommendations for a new generation of VLBI systems. These recommendations were based on the goals of achieving 1mm measurement accuracy on global baselines, performing continuous measurements for time series of station positions and Earth orientation parameters, and reaching a turnaround time from measurement to initial geodetic results of less than 24 h. To realize these recommendations and goals, along with the need for low cost of construction and operation, requires a complete examination of all aspects of geodetic VLBI including equipment, processes, and observational strategies. Hence, in October 2005, the IVS VLBI2010 Committee (V2C) commenced work on defining the VLBI2010 system specifications. In this paper we give a summary of the recent progress of the VLBI2010 project. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009.
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| 3. |
- Blöschl, Günter, et al.
(author)
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Current European flood-rich period exceptional compared with past 500 years
- 2020
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 583:7817, s. 560-566
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There are concerns that recent climate change is altering the frequency and magnitude of river floods in an unprecedented way(1). Historical studies have identified flood-rich periods in the past half millennium in various regions of Europe(2). However, because of the low temporal resolution of existing datasets and the relatively low number of series, it has remained unclear whether Europe is currently in a flood-rich period from a long-term perspective. Here we analyse how recent decades compare with the flood history of Europe, using a new database composed of more than 100 high-resolution (sub-annual) historical flood series based on documentary evidence covering all major regions of Europe. We show that the past three decades were among the most flood-rich periods in Europe in the past 500 years, and that this period differs from other flood-rich periods in terms of its extent, air temperatures and flood seasonality. We identified nine flood-rich periods and associated regions. Among the periods richest in floods are 1560-1580 (western and central Europe), 1760-1800 (most of Europe), 1840-1870 (western and southern Europe) and 1990-2016 (western and central Europe). In most parts of Europe, previous flood-rich periods occurred during cooler-than-usual phases, but the current flood-rich period has been much warmer. Flood seasonality is also more pronounced in the recent period. For example, during previous flood and interflood periods, 41 per cent and 42 per cent of central European floods occurred in summer, respectively, compared with 55 per cent of floods in the recent period. The exceptional nature of the present-day flood-rich period calls for process-based tools for flood-risk assessment that capture the physical mechanisms involved, and management strategies that can incorporate the recent changes in risk. Analysis of thousands of historical documents recording floods in Europe shows that flooding characteristics in recent decades are unlike those of previous centuries.
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| 4. |
- Böhm, Michael, J., et al.
(author)
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Replication package for "Since You're So Rich, You Must Be Really Smart": Talent, Rent Sharing, and the Finance Wage Premium - V1
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The package contains the code necessary to reproduce the Tables and Figures in Böhm, Metzger and Strömberg (2022) "'Since You're So Rich, You Must Be Really Smart': Talent, Rent Sharing, and the Finance Wage Premium" Review of Economic Studies.
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| 5. |
- Böhm, Michael, J., et al.
(author)
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Replication package for "Since You're So Rich, You Must Be Really Smart": Talent, Rent Sharing, and the Finance Wage Premium - V2
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The package contains the code necessary to reproduce the Tables and Figures in Böhm, Metzger and Strömberg (2022) "'Since You're So Rich, You Must Be Really Smart': Talent, Rent Sharing, and the Finance Wage Premium" Review of Economic Studies.
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| 6. |
- Böhm, Michael, J., et al.
(author)
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"Since You're So Rich, You Must Be Really Smart": Talent, Rent Sharing, and the Finance Wage Premium
- 2023
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In: Review of Economic Studies. - : Oxford Univ Press. - 1467-937X .- 0034-6527. ; 90:5, s. 2215-2260
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Financial sector wages have increased extraordinarily over the last decades. We address two potential explanations for this increase: (1) rising demand for talent and (2) firms sharing rents with their employees. Matching administrative data of Swedish workers, which include unique measures of individual talent, with financial information on their employers, we find no evidence that talent in finance improved, neither on average nor at the top. The increase in relative finance wages is present across talent and education levels, which together can explain at most 20% of it. In contrast, rising financial sector profits that are shared with employees account for up to half of the relative wage increase. The limited labour supply response may partly be explained by the importance of early-career entry and social connections in finance. Our findings alleviate concerns about "brain drain" into finance but suggest that finance workers have captured rising rents over time.
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| 7. |
- Böhm, Michael, et al.
(author)
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"Since you're so rich, you must be really smart": Talent and the Finance Wage Premium
- 2018
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Wages in the financial sector have experienced an extraordinary increase over the last few decades. A proposed explanation for this trend has been that the demand for skill has risen more in finance compared to other sectors. We use Swedish administrative data, which include detailed cognitive and non-cognitive test scores as well as educational performance, to examine the implications of this hypothesis for talent allocation and relative wages in the financial sector. We find no evidence that the selection of talent into finance has improved, neither on average nor at the top of the talent and wage distributions. A changing composition of talent or their returns cannot account for the surge in the finance wage premium. While these findings alleviate concerns about a "brain drain" into finance at the expense of other sectors, they also suggest that finance workers are capturing substantial rents that have increased over time.
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| 8. |
- Böhm, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Since You're So Rich, You Must Be Really Smart': Talent and the Finance Wage Premium
- 2016
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In: SSRN Electronic Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-5068.
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Relative pay in the financial sector has experienced an extraordinary increase over the last few decades. A proposed explanation for this pattern has been that the demand for skilled workers in finance has risen more than in other sectors. We use Swedish administrative data, which include detailed cognitive and non-cognitive test scores as well as performance in high-school and university, to examine the implications of this hypothesis for talent allocation and relative wages in the financial sector. We find no evidence that the selection of talent into finance increased or improved, neither on average nor at the top of the talent distribution. A changing composition of talent or their returns cannot account for the surge in the finance wage premium. These findings alleviate concerns about a “brain drain” into finance at the expense of other sectors, but they also suggest that rents in finance are high, increasing, and largely unexplained.
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| 9. |
- Chen, Zhishan, et al.
(author)
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Fine-mapping analysis including over 254 000 East Asian and European descendants identifies 136 putative colorectal cancer susceptibility genes
- 2024
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In: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 common genetic variants independently associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known CRC risk loci using GWAS data from 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of East Asian and European ancestry. Our stepwise conditional analyses revealed 238 independent association signals of CRC risk, each with a set of credible causal variants (CCVs), of which 28 signals had a single CCV. Our cis-eQTL/mQTL and colocalization analyses using colorectal tissue-specific transcriptome and methylome data separately from 1299 and 321 individuals, along with functional genomic investigation, uncovered 136 putative CRC susceptibility genes, including 56 genes not previously reported. Analyses of single-cell RNA-seq data from colorectal tissues revealed 17 putative CRC susceptibility genes with distinct expression patterns in specific cell types. Analyses of whole exome sequencing data provided additional support for several target genes identified in this study as CRC susceptibility genes. Enrichment analyses of the 136 genes uncover pathways not previously linked to CRC risk. Our study substantially expanded association signals for CRC and provided additional insight into the biological mechanisms underlying CRC development.
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| 10. |
- Cupak, C., et al.
(author)
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Absence of synergistic effects in quasi-simultaneous sputtering of tungsten by Ar and D ions
- 2023
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In: Nuclear Materials and Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2352-1791. ; 35
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A quartz crystal microbalance was used to experimentally study the erosion of tungsten during rapidly alternating bombardment with 2 keV argon and deuterium projectiles. A key goal was to investigate whether the mean sputtering yield of the alternating irradiation can be predicted from data for sputtering yields of single ion species. In addition, influences by residual gas pressure in the UHV experiment and variable ion fluxes have been studied. Our results show that the mean sputtering yield of irradiations with alternating ion species can be well predicted for a range of different fluence ratios as a simple superposition of individual sputtering yields, weighted by the respective relative fluences. This finding supports that no synergistic sputtering effects were relevant in the investigated low-flux regime.
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| 11. |
- Fernandez-Rozadilla, Ceres, et al.
(author)
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Deciphering colorectal cancer genetics through multi-omic analysis of 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestries
- 2023
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In: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55, s. 89-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 100,204 CRC cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestry, identifying 205 independent risk associations, of which 50 were unreported. We performed integrative genomic, transcriptomic and methylomic analyses across large bowel mucosa and other tissues. Transcriptome- and methylome-wide association studies revealed an additional 53 risk associations. We identified 155 high-confidence effector genes functionally linked to CRC risk, many of which had no previously established role in CRC. These have multiple different functions and specifically indicate that variation in normal colorectal homeostasis, proliferation, cell adhesion, migration, immunity and microbial interactions determines CRC risk. Crosstissue analyses indicated that over a third of effector genes most probably act outside the colonic mucosa. Our findings provide insights into colorectal oncogenesis and highlight potential targets across tissues for new CRC treatment and chemoprevention strategies.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Lindholm, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Timing of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction : a SWEDEHEART study
- 2017
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In: European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. - : Oxford University Press. - 2058-5225 .- 2058-1742. ; 3:1, s. 53-60
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AimsAlthough routine invasive management is recommended in NSTEMI patients, the optimal timing of the procedure is not defined. The aim of this study was to assess outcomes in relation to timing of PCI in NSTEMI patients.Methods and resultsThis was an observational, prospective, multicentre cohort study from the SWEDEHEART registry including all Swedish PCI centres. We included 40 494 consecutive PCI-treated patients who were admitted to any coronary care unit from 2006 to 2013. The primary outcome was all-cause death, and secondary outcomes were recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis, and severe in-hospital bleeding. Outcomes were assessed within 1 year from admission in relation to pre-specified cut-offs to define early PCI: within 1, 2, or 3 days. Patients who received delayed PCI, compared with those who did not, were older, and had a higher prevalence of comorbidities (hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, and prior stroke) but showed similar angiographic findings. Cox mixed-effects models showed a lower risk of all-cause death with early PCI across all three cut-offs: HR (95% CI) of 0.88 (0.80–0.98), 0.78 (0.71–0.86), and 0.75 (0.68–0.84), for the 1-, 2-, and 3-day cut-offs, respectively. Early PCI was associated with lower risk of recurrent MI for the 2- and 3-day cut-offs, but not for the 1-day cut-off. The reported rates of severe in-hospital bleeding were low, but tended to be higher in patients receiving delayed PCI.ConclusionIn patients undergoing PCI for NSTEMI, early invasive treatment is associated with lower risk of ischaemic outcomes.
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| 14. |
- Metzger, Daniel, et al.
(author)
-
“Since You’re So Rich, You Must Be Really Smart” : Talent, Rent Sharing, and the Finance Wage Premium
- 2022
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Financial sector wages have increased extraordinarily over the last decades. We address two potential explanations for this increase: (1) rising demand for talent and (2) firms sharing rents with their employees. Matching administrative data of Swedish workers, which include unique measures of individual talent, with financial information on their employers, we find no evidence that talent in finance improved, neither on average nor at the top. The increase in relative finance wages is present across talent and education levels, which together can explain at most 20% of it. In contrast, rising financial sector profits that are shared with employees account for up to half of the relative wage increase. The limited labor supply response may partly be explained by the importance of early-career entry and social connections in finance. Our findings alleviate concerns about "brain drain" into finance but suggest that finance workers have captured rising rents over time.
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| 15. |
- Petrachenko, Bill, et al.
(author)
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Design Aspects of the VLBI2010 System
- 2009
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report summarizes the progress made in developing the next generation VLBI, dubberd the VLBI2010 system. The VLBI2010 Committee of the International Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) worked on the design aspects of the new system.…
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| 16. |
- Petrachenko, Bill, et al.
(author)
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Progress Report of the IVS VLBI2010 Committee
- 2009
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In: In: International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry 2008 Annual Report, edited by D. Behrend and K. Baver. ; NASA/TP-2009-214183, 2009, s. 13-67
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 17. |
- Schmidt, Marcus, et al.
(author)
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A comprehensive analysis of human gene expression profiles identifies stromal immunoglobulin kappa C as a compatible prognostic marker in human solid tumors
- 2012
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In: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 18:9, s. 2695-2703
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE:Although the central role of the immune system for tumor prognosis is generally accepted a single robust marker is not yet available.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:Based on ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analyses robust markers were identified from a 60 gene B-cell derived metagene and analyzed in gene expression profiles of 1810 breast cancer, 1056 non-small cell lung cancer, 513 colorectal and 426 ovarian cancer patients. Protein and RNA levels were examined in paraffin embedded tissue of 330 breast cancer patients. The cell types were identified using immunohistochemical co-staining and confocal fluorescence microscopy.RESULTS:We identified immunoglobulin kappa C (IGKC) which as a single marker is similarly predictive and prognostic as the entire B-cell metagene. IGKC was consistently associated with metastasis free survival across different molecular subtypes in node-negative breast cancer (n=965) and predicted response to anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n=845) [P less than 0.001]. In addition, IGKC gene expression was prognostic in non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer. No association was observed in ovarian cancer. IGKC protein expression was significantly associated with survival in paraffin embedded tissues of 330 breast cancer patients. Tumor infiltrating plasma cells were identified as the source of IGKC expressionCONCLUSION:Our findings provide IGKC as a novel diagnostic marker for risk stratification in human cancer and support concepts to exploit the humoral immune response for anti-cancer therapy. It could be validated in several independent cohorts and performed similarly well in RNA from fresh frozen as well as from paraffin tissue and on protein level by immunostaining.
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| 18. |
- Soliveres, Santiago, et al.
(author)
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Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality
- 2016
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In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 536:7617, s. 456-459
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Many experiments have shown that loss of biodiversity reduces the capacity of ecosystems to provide the multiple services on which humans depend. However, experiments necessarily simplify the complexity of natural ecosystems and will normally control for other important drivers of ecosystem functioning, such as the environment or land use. In addition, existing studies typically focus on the diversity of single trophic groups, neglecting the fact that biodiversity loss occurs across many taxa and that the functional effects of any trophic group may depend on the abundance and diversity of others. Here we report analysis of the relationships between the species richness and abundance of nine trophic groups, including 4,600 above- and below-ground taxa, and 14 ecosystem services and functions and with their simultaneous provision (or multifunctionality) in 150 grasslands. We show that high species richness in multiple trophic groups (multitrophic richness) had stronger positive effects on ecosystem services than richness in any individual trophic group; this includes plant species richness, the most widely used measure of biodiversity. On average, three trophic groups influenced each ecosystem service, with each trophic group influencing at least one service. Multitrophic richness was particularly beneficial for 'regulating' and 'cultural' services, and for multifunctionality, whereas a change in the total abundance of species or biomass in multiple trophic groups (the multitrophic abundance) positively affected supporting services. Multitrophic richness and abundance drove ecosystem functioning as strongly as abiotic conditions and land-use intensity, extending previous experimental results to real-world ecosystems. Primary producers, herbivorous insects and microbial decomposers seem to be particularly important drivers of ecosystem functioning, as shown by the strong and frequent positive associations of their richness or abundance with multiple ecosystem services. Our results show that multitrophic richness and abundance support ecosystem functioning, and demonstrate that a focus on single groups has led to researchers to greatly underestimate the functional importance of biodiversity.
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| 19. |
- Soliveres, Santiago, et al.
(author)
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Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality
- 2016
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In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 371:1694
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Species diversity promotes the delivery of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, the relative functional importance of rare and common species in driving the biodiversity-multifunctionality relationship remains unknown. We studied the relationship between the diversity of rare and common species (according to their local abundances and across nine different trophic groups), and multifunctionality indices derived from 14 ecosystem functions on 150 grasslands across a land-use intensity (LUI) gradient. The diversity of above-and below-ground rare species had opposite effects, with rare above-ground species being associated with high levels of multifunctionality, probably because their effects on different functions did not trade off against each other. Conversely, common species were only related to average, not high, levels of multifunctionality, and their functional effects declined with LUI. Apart from the community-level effects of diversity, we found significant positive associations between the abundance of individual species and multifunctionality in 6% of the species tested. Species-specific functional effects were best predicted by their response to LUI: species that declined in abundance with land use intensification were those associated with higher levels of multifunctionality. Our results highlight the importance of rare species for ecosystem multifunctionality and help guiding future conservation priorities.
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| 20. |
- Ustun, Celalettin, et al.
(author)
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Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for advanced systemic mastocytosis
- 2014
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In: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 32:29, s. 3264-3274
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: Advanced systemic mastocytosis (SM), a fatal hematopoietic malignancy characterized by drug resistance, has no standard therapy. The effectiveness of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (alloHCT) in SM remains unknown.PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a global effort to define the value of HCT in SM, 57 patients with the following subtypes of SM were evaluated: SM associated with clonal hematologic non-mast cell disorders (SM-AHNMD; n = 38), mast cell leukemia (MCL; n = 12), and aggressive SM (ASM; n = 7). Median age of patients was 46 years (range, 11 to 67 years). Donors were HLA-identical (n = 34), unrelated (n = 17), umbilical cord blood (n = 2), HLA-haploidentical (n = 1), or unknown (n = 3). Thirty-six patients received myeloablative conditioning (MAC), and 21 patients received reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC).RESULTS: Responses in SM were observed in 40 patients (70%), with complete remission in 16 patients (28%). Twelve patients (21%) had stable disease, and five patients (9%) had primary refractory disease. Overall survival (OS) at 3 years was 57% for all patients, 74% for patients with SM-AHNMD, 43% for those with ASM, and 17% for those with MCL. The strongest risk factor for poor OS was MCL. Survival was also lower in patients receiving RIC compared with MAC and in patients having progression compared with patients having stable disease or response.CONCLUSION: AlloHCT was associated with long-term survival in patients with advanced SM. Although alloHCT may be considered as a viable and potentially curative therapeutic option for advanced SM in the meantime, given that this is a retrospective analysis with no control group, the definitive role of alloHCT will need to be determined by a prospective trial.
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