| 1. |
- Bergström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of no-take zones in Swedish waters
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly established worldwide to protect and restore degraded ecosystems. However, the level of protection varies among MPAs and has been found to affect the outcome of the closure. In no-take zones (NTZs), no fishing or extraction of marine organisms is allowed. The EU Commission recently committed to protect 30% of European waters by 2030 through the updated Biodiversity Strategy. Importantly, one third of these 30% should be of strict protection. Exactly what is meant by strict protection is not entirely clear, but fishing would likely have to be fully or largely prohibited in these areas. This new target for strictly protected areas highlights the need to evaluate the ecological effects of NTZs, particularly in regions like northern Europe where such evaluations are scarce. The Swedish NTZs made up approximately two thirds of the total areal extent of NTZs in Europe a decade ago. Given that these areas have been closed for at least 10 years and can provide insights into long-term effects of NTZs on fish and ecosystems, they are of broad interest in light of the new 10% strict protection by 2030 commitment by EU member states.In total, eight NTZs in Swedish coastal and offshore waters were evaluated in the current report, with respect to primarily the responses of focal species for the conservation measure, but in some of the areas also ecosystem responses. Five of the NTZs were established in 2009-2011, as part of a government commission, while the other three had been established earlier. The results of the evaluations are presented in a synthesis and also in separate, more detailed chapters for each of the eight NTZs. Overall, the results suggest that NTZs can increase abundances and biomasses of fish and decapod crustaceans, given that the closed areas are strategically placed and of an appropriate size in relation to the life cycle of the focal species. A meta-regression of the effects on focal species of the NTZs showed that CPUE was on average 2.6 times higher after three years of protection, and 3.8 times higher than in the fished reference areas after six years of protection. The proportion of old and large individuals increased in most NTZs, and thereby also the reproductive potential of populations. The increase in abundance of large predatory fish also likely contributed to restoring ecosystem functions, such as top-down control. These effects appeared after a 5-year period and in many cases remained and continued to increase in the longer term (>10 years). In the two areas where cod was the focal species of the NTZs, positive responses were weak, likely as an effect of long-term past, and in the Kattegat still present, recruitment overfishing. In the Baltic Sea, predation by grey seal and cormorant was in some cases so high that it likely counteracted the positive effects of removing fisheries and led to stock declines in the NTZs. In most cases, the introduction of the NTZs has likely decreased the total fishing effort rather than displacing it to adjacent areas. In the Kattegat NTZ, however, the purpose was explicitly to displace an unselective coastal mixed bottom-trawl fishery targeting Norway lobster and flatfish to areas where the bycatches of mature cod were smaller. In two areas that were reopened to fishing after 5 years, the positive effects of the NTZs on fish stocks eroded quickly to pre-closure levels despite that the areas remained closed during the spawning period, highlighting that permanent closures may be necessary to maintain positive effects.We conclude from the Swedish case studies that NTZs may well function as a complement to other fisheries management measures, such as catch, effort and gear regulations. The experiences from the current evaluation show that NTZs can be an important tool for fisheries management especially for local coastal fish populations and areas with mixed fisheries, as well as in cases where there is a need to counteract adverse ecosystem effects of fishing. NTZs are also needed as reference for marine environmental management, and for understanding the effects of fishing on fish populations and other ecosystem components in relation to other pressures. MPAs where the protection of both fish and their habitats is combined may be an important instrument for ecosystembased management, where the recovery of large predatory fish may lead to a restoration of important ecosystem functions and contribute to improving decayed habitats.With the new Biodiversity Strategy, EUs level of ambition for marine conservation increases significantly, with the goal of 30% of coastal and marine waters protected by 2030, and, importantly, one third of these areas being strictly protected. From a conservation perspective, rare, sensitive and/or charismatic species or habitats are often in focus when designating MPAs, and displacement of fisheries is then considered an unwanted side effect. However, if the establishment of strictly protected areas also aims to rebuild fish stocks, these MPAs should be placed in heavily fished areas and designed to protect depleted populations by accounting for their home ranges to generate positive outcomes. Thus, extensive displacement of fisheries is required to reach benefits for depleted populations, and need to be accounted for e.g. by specific regulations outside the strictly protected areas. These new extensive EU goals for MPA establishment pose a challenge for management, but at the same time offer an opportunity to bridge the current gap between conservation and fisheries management.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Walking football for Health - physiological response to playing and characteristics of the players.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science and medicine in football. - : Routledge. - 2473-3938 .- 2473-4446. ; , s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Walking Football (WF) is one type of recreational football increasing in popularity, targeting older adults. Further knowledge on the intensity and physical workload of WF, characteristics of the players, the social context, and reasons for playing WF is needed. Thus, the aim of the study was to characterize the individuals that regularly play WF and their experience of WF, and the physiological characteristics of the sport. Sixty-three players from three clubs taking part in organised WF in Sweden were included. The players participated in up to four WF-games and underwent performance tests and answered a questionnaire. The participants mean age was 70.9 years, ranging from 63 to 85 years with 71% (n = 27) of the men and 68% (n = 13) of the women having a BMI > 25. Fifty-one percent (n = 27) of the players had hypertension, and 73% (n = 39) regularly used prescription drugs due to illness. During WF, the players covered on average 2,409 m (2,509 m for men and 2,205 m for women, p = .001). Expressed in percentage of their age-estimated maximal heart rate, mean heart rate represented 80 ± 9 and 80 ± 8% of max for men, and 78 ± 9 and 79 ± 9% of max for women in the first and second halves, respectively, hence WF can be considered a moderate intensity activity for older adults. The main reason for WF participation was to socialize. WF includes a considerable number of accelerations and decelerations, making it more energetically and mechanically demanding than walking.
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| 5. |
- Bergens, Oscar, 1991-
(författare)
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Chronic Systemic Inflammation, Body Composition and Physical Activity Behaviours in Older Adults
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ageing is associated with a gradual physical decline accompanied by changes in body composition. The occurrence of a low-grade yet chronic state of systemic inflammation has gained interest for its potential consequences in the ageing process. Importantly, a physically active lifestyle may promote the maintenance of muscle mass, reduction in adipose tissue, and alleviate progression of a chronic pro-inflammatory state. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore relationships between biomarkers of systemic inflammation, body composition, and physical activity behaviours in community-dwelling older adults aged 65 to 70 years.A main finding of the thesis is the existence of associations between body composition and systemic inflammation in older adults, where excess adipose tissue is adversely associated with levels of inflammatory biomarkers in older women. Inverse associations were also observed between muscle mass and levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in older women. This thesis also highlights sex-specific associations between systemic inflammation and physical activity behaviours. Longer time spent sedentary was also associated with higher levels of proinflammatory biomarkers in older women and lower level of antiinflammatory biomarkers in older men. Reallocating time spent in activities of lower intensities with higher intensities was associated with lower levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers in older women. Overall, the findings of this thesis support efforts promoting physical activity at the expense of sedentary time in order to combat age-related systemic inflammation and metabolic risk in older adults.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bolton, Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon Nanotube Growth Mechanisms
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Diamond 2007, the 18th European Conference on Diamond, Diamond-Like Materials, Carbon Nanotubes, Nitrides and Silicon Carbide.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used a variety of computational methods to study key aspects of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) growth. Molecular dynamics (MD) studies based on an empirical force field showed; for example; why SWNT growth occurs in a temperature window and why; for 1-2 nm catalyst particles; the SWNT diameter varies linearly with the size of the particle. In addition; the liquid or solid phase of the catalyst particle is strongly dependent on particle size; and smaller particles (< 1.5 nm) are liquid at typical chemical vapor deposition temperatures whereas larger particles (> 5 nm) are solid. The phase of particles of intermediate sizes depends on the exact temperature and on their carbon content. The effect of substrates on metal-carbide properties and SWNT growth has been studied by combing density functional (DFT) and MD methods. A major effect of flat; inert substrates is to flatten the catalyst particles thereby increasing their melting points. DFT has also been used to study the catalyst-SWNT interaction which is critical for the growth of long SWNTs; and is also being used to study the importance of the SWNT cap structure on its chirality. This knowledge is important; for example; when using SWNTs as seeds for the growth of longer nanotubes.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Börjesson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Altered proinsulin conversion in rat pancreatic islets exposed long-term to various glucose concentrations or interleukin-1{beta}
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 192:2, s. 381-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to elucidate a possible relationship between beta-cell function and conversion of proinsulin to insulin, isolated rat pancreatic islets were maintained in tissue culture for 1 week at various glucose concentrations (5 x 6-56 mM). Studies were also conducted on islets cultured for 48 h with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). By pulse-chase labelling and immunoprecipitation, the relative contents of newly synthesized proinsulin and insulin were determined. ELISA was used to analyse insulin and proinsulin content in medium and within islets. Using real-time PCR, the mRNA levels of proinsulin converting enzymes (PC1 and PC2) were studied. Islets cultured at 56 mM glucose had an increased proportion of newly synthesized proinsulin when compared with islets cultured at 5 x 6 mM glucose after a 90-min chase periods, however, no difference was observed after culture at 11 and 28 mM glucose. ELISA measurements revealed that culture at increased glucose concentrations as well as islet exposure to IL-1beta increased proinsulin accumulation in the culture media. The mRNA expression of PC1 was increased after culture at 11 and 28 mM glucose. Treatment for 48 h with IL-1beta increased the proportion of proinsulin both at 45 and 90 min when compared with control islets. These islets also displayed a decreased mRNA level of PC1 as well as PC2. Calculations of the half-time for proinsulin demonstrated a significant prolongation after treatment with IL-1beta. We conclude that a sustained functional stimulation by glucose of islets is coupled to a decreased conversion of proinsulin which is also true for islets treated with IL-1beta. This may contribute to the elevated levels of proinsulin found both at the onset of type 1 diabetes as well as in type 2 diabetes.
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| 10. |
- Börjesson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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beta-cell specific overexpression of suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 does not protect against multiple low dose streptozotocin induced type 1 diabetes in mice
- 2011
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Ingår i: Immunology Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-2478 .- 1879-0542. ; 136:1, s. 74-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the impact of beta-cell specific overexpression of suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 (SOCS-3) on the development of multiple low dose streptozotocin (MLDSTZ) induced Type 1 diabetes and the possible mechanisms involved. MLDSTZ treatment was administered to RIP-SOCS-3 transgenic and wild-type (wt) mice and progression of hyperglycemia monitored. Isolated islets from both strains were exposed to human IL-1 beta (25 U/ml) or a combination of human IL-1 beta (25 U/ml) and murine IFN-gamma (1000 U/ml) for 24h or 48h and we investigated the expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) mRNA in islet cells and secretion of IL-1Ra into culture medium. MLDSTZ treatment caused gradual hyperglycemia both in the wt mice and in the transgenic mice with the latter tending to be more sensitive. In vitro experiments on wt and transgenic islets did not reveal any differences in sensitivity to damaging effects of STZ. Exposure of wt islets to 1L-1 beta or IL-1 beta + IFN-gamma seemed to lead to a failing IL-1Ra response from SOCS-3 transgenic islets. It could be that an increased expression of a possible protective molecule against beta-cell destruction may lead to a dampered response of another putative protective molecule. This may have counteracted a protective effect against MLDSTZ in SOCS-3 transgenic mice.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Börjesson, Andreas, 1976-
(författare)
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Investigations of Strategies to Counteract Proinflammatory Cytokines in Experimental Type 1 Diabetes
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease targeted against the pancreatic β-cells. Proinflammatory cytokines are considered to play a major role in the destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. This thesis studied strategies to counteract proinflammatory cytokines in experimental T1D. Both animal models for T1D as well as β-cell preparations exposed in vitro to putative noxious conditions were examined.In the first study we observed that cytokine treatment of mouse pancreatic islets lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced a prolongation of the early stimulatory phase of glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Various experiments led to the conclusion that this prolonged stimulatory effect may involve the DAG/PLD/PKC pathway.Next, we transplanted mouse islets deficient in iNOS to spontaneously diabetic NOD mice. We observed a normalization of hyperglycemia but not a delayed allograft rejection compared to transplanted wild type islets. Thus, absence of iNOS in the graft was not sufficient to prolong allograft survival.In paper III we found that sustained glucose stimulation of rat pancreatic islets was coupled to a decreased conversion of proinsulin to insulin. Islet treatment with IL-1β was also coupled to a decreased proinsulin conversion. Islet proconvertase activity may be a target in islet damage.In paper IV prolactin (PRL) was administered to mice in the multiple low dose streptozotocin model and we observed that PRL enhanced a Th2 response. This may contribute to the protective action by PRL in this model of autoimmune T1D.Finally, by examining β-cells overexpressing Suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS-3) it was found that this could inhibit IL-1β induced signalling through the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. SOCS-3 overexpression also inhibited apoptosis induced by cytokines in primary β-cells. Lastly, we demonstrated that SOCS-3 transgenic islets were protected in an allogeneic transplantation model.
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| 13. |
- Börjesson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Survival of an islet allograft deficient in iNOS after implantation into diabetic NOD mice
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 15:8-9, s. 769-775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proinflammatory cytokines play a major role in rejection of pancreatic islet allografts and in type 1 diabetes (T1D). In rodent islets, exposure to IL-1β alone or combined with IFN-γ induces expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Inhibition of iNOS or a deletion of the iNOS gene has been shown to be protective in animal models of T1D. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that transplantation of pancreatic islets deficient in iNOS (iNOS-/-) would permit increased graft survival. Pancreatic islets isolated from wild-type (wt) mice and iNOS-/- mice were allogeneically transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of spontaneously diabetic NOD mice. When blood glucose increased above 12.0 mM after preceding normalization of hyperglycemia, animals were sacrificed. Histological examinations of grafts were performed and graft gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. Transplantations of the two types of islets could reverse hyperglycemia and the grafts functioned for on average 1 week posttransplantation. Morphological examination of both types of islet grafts showed immune cell infiltration around and within the grafts. Remaining endocrine cells could be observed in wt and iNOS-/- islet grafts. In the removed grafts iNOS-/- islet tissue contained higher mRNA levels of insulin, proinsulin convertases (PC-1 and PC-2), and IL-1β compared to transplanted wt islets. The assessments of insulin, PC-1 and PC-2 mRNAs of the grafts suggest that the iNOS-/- islets may be more resistant to destruction in the transplantation model used; however, this was not sufficient to prolong the period of normoglycemia posttransplantation.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Börjesson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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A seasonal study of the mecA gene and Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus in a municipal wastewater treatment plant
- 2009
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Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 43:4, s. 925-932
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), in which the mecA gene mediates resistance, threatens the treatment of staphylococcal diseases. The aims were to determine the effect of wastewater treatment processes on mecA gene concentrations, and the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA over time. To achieve this a municipal wastewater treatment plant was investigated for the mecA gene, S. aureus and MRSA, using real-time PCR assays. Water samples were collected monthly for one year, at eight sites in the plant, reflecting different aspects of the treatment process. The mecA gene and S. aureus could be detected throughout the year at all sampling sites. MRSA could also be detected, but mainly in the early treatment steps. The presence of MRSA was verified through cultivation from inlet water. The concentration of the mecA gene varied between months and sampling sites, but no obvious seasonal variation could be determined. The wastewater treatment process reduced the mecA gene concentration in most months. Taken together our results show that the mecA gene, S. aureus and MRSA occur over the year at all sites investigated.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Börjesson, Stefan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in municipal wastewater : An uncharted threat?
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was recently detected in municipal wastewater, why there is a need for further studies to elucidate if MRSA in wastewater constitutes a health risk, and to determine how wastewater treatment processes affects MRSA. We cultivated MRSA from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant to characterise the indigenous MRSA-flora and to investigate how the wastewater treatment process affects the clonal distribution. MRSA isolates were characterised using spa typing, antibiograms, SSCmec typing and detection of Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. We found that the wastewater MRSA-flora has a close genetic relationship to clinical isolates, but we also isolated novel spa types, primarily from the activated sludge treatment step. The number of isolates and the diversity of MRSA are reduced by the treatment process, but the process also selects for more extensive antibiotic resistant strains as well as for PVL positive strains.
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| 20. |
- Börjesson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and tetracyclines in wastewater environments by real-time PCR
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Health Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0960-3123 .- 1369-1619. ; 19:3, s. 219-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study real-time PCR assays, based on the LUX-technique, were developed for quantification of genes mediating resistance to aminoglycosides [aac(6 ')-Ie + aph(2 ' ')], beta-lactams (mecA), and tetracyclines (tetA and tetB), for use in wastewater environments. The developed assays were applied on DNA extracted from three wastewater-associated environments: soil from an overland flow area treating landfill leachates, biofilm from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, and sludge from a hospital wastewater pipeline. The highest concentration of all genes was observed in the hospital pipeline and the lowest in the overland flow system. TetA and aac(6 ')-Ie + aph(2 ' ') could be detected in all environments. The tetB gene was detected in the overland flow area and the hospital wastewater pipeline and mecA was detected in the wastewater treatment plant and the hospital pipeline. The developed LUX real-time PCR assays were shown to be fast and reproducible tools for detection and quantification of the four genes encoding antibiotic resistance in wastewater.
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| 21. |
- Börjesson, Stefan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams and tetracyclines in wastewater environments by real-time PCR
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Health Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0960-3123 .- 1369-1619. ; 19:3, s. 219-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study real-time PCR assays, based on the LUX™-technique, were developed for quantification of genes mediating resistance to aminoglycosides [aac(6´′)-Ie + aph(2´′´′)], β-lactams (mecA), and tetracyclines (tetA and tetB), for use in wastewater environments. The developed assays were applied on DNA extracted from three wastewater-associated environments: soil from an overland flow area treating landfill leachates, biofilm from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, and sludge from a hospital wastewater pipeline. The highest concentration of all genes was observed in the hospital pipeline and the lowest in the overland flow system. TetA and aac(6´′)-Ie + aph(2´′´′) could be detected in all environments. The tetB gene was detected in the overland flow area and the hospital wastewater pipeline and mecA was detected in the wastewater treatment plant and the hospital pipeline. The developed LUX™ real-time PCR assays were shown to be fast and reproducible tools for detection and quantification of the four genes encoding antibiotic resistance in wastewater.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Carlström, Eric, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Medical Emergencies During a Half Marathon Race - The Influence of Weather
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sports Medicine. - Stuttgart : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0172-4622 .- 1439-3964. ; 40:5, s. 312-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to analyze the influence of weather conditions on medical emergencies in a half-marathon, specifically by evaluating its relation to the number of non-finishers, ambulance-required assistances, and collapses in need of ambulance as well as looking at the location of such emergencies on the race course. Seven years of data from the world's largest half marathon were used. Meteorological data were obtained from a nearby weather station, and the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index was used as a measure of general weather conditions. Of the 315,919 race starters, 104 runners out of the 140 ambulance-required assistances needed ambulance services due to collapses. Maximum air temperature and PET significantly co-variated with ambulance-required assistances, collapses, and non-finishers (R (2) =0.65-0.92; p=0.001-0.03). When air temperatures vary between 15-29 degrees C, an increase of 1 degrees C results in an increase of 2.5 (0.008/1000) ambulance-required assistances, 2.5 (0.008/1000) collapses (needing ambulance services), and 107 (0.34/1000) non-finishers. The results also indicate that when the daily maximum PET varies between 18-35 degrees C, an increase of 1 degrees C PET results in an increase of 1.8 collapses (0.006/1000) needing ambulance services and 66 non-finishers (0.21/1000).
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| 24. |
- Galli, Raoul, et al.
(författare)
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En prosopografisk studie över konsthögskoleelever och konstnärer 1939-2005
- 2008
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Ingår i: Praktiske Grunde. - 1902-2271. ; :1, s. 18-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här artikeln ger några exempel på hur vi gått till väga för att samla in data om kollektiva konstnärsbanor. Vår ambition är att följa individerna från vaggan – via skolor – till konstfältet. I ett första huvudavsnitt koncentrerar vi oss på de elever som var inskrivna på Kungliga Konsthögskolan i Stockholm åren 1939 till 1986. Hur många förberedande konstutbildningar hade de gått innan de kom in på skolan? Hur många ansökningar lämnade de in innan de blev antagna? Var manliga elever mer framgångsrika än kvinnliga i att få stipendier och belöningar under skoltiden? Vad skiljer eleverna som utexaminerades under en period då konstfältet präglades av ”postmodernism” från eleverna som utexaminerades under en tidigare era märkt av ”efterkrigstidsmodernism”? I det andra huvudavsnittet lämnar vi skolans värld för att i stället koncentrera oss på verksamma – utexaminerade – konstnärer i det svenska konstfältet 1945-2005. Vi ställer delvis samma typ av frågor i denna del: var manliga konstnärer mer framgångsrika än kvinnliga i att få stipendier och belöningar efter skoltiden? Hur har stipendieutdelningen förändrats över tid? Avslutningsvis lyfter vi fram tidskrifter och kritiker som hade en central roll i hallstämplandet av svenska konstnärskap.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Gustavsson, Martin G. H., et al.
(författare)
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Research & Innovation Platform for Electric Road Systems
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish government has prioritized achieving a fossil fuel-independent vehicle fleet by 2030 which will require radical transformation of the transport industry. Electrifying the vehicle fleet forms an important part of this transformation. For light vehicles, electrification using batteries and charging during parking is already well advanced. For city buses, charging at bus stops and bus depots is being developed, but for heavy, long-distance road transport, batteries with enough capacity to provide sufficient range would be too cumbersome and too much time would have to be spent stationary for charging.One solution might be the introduction of electric roads, supplying the moving vehicle with electricity both to power running and for charging. In the longer term, this approach could also be used for light vehicles and buses.The objective of the Research and Innovation Platform for Electric Roads was to enhance Swedish and Nordic research and innovation in this field, this has been done by developing a joint knowledge base through collaboration with research institutions, universities, public authorities, regions, and industries.The work of the Research and Innovation Platform was intended to create clarity concerning the socioeconomic conditions, benefits, and other effects associated with electric roads. We have investigated the benefits from the perspectives of various actors, implementation strategies, operation and maintenance standards, proposed regulatory systems, and factors conducive of the acceptance and development of international collaborative activities.The project commenced in the autumn of 2016 and the main research continued until December 2019, the work during year 2020 has been focused on knowledge spread and coordination with the Swedish-Germany research collaboration on ERS (CollERS). The results of the Research and Innovation Platform have been disseminated through information meetings, seminars, and four annual international conferences. Reports have been published in the participating partners’ ordinary publication series and on www.electricroads.org. The project was funded by Strategic Vehicle Research and Innovation (FFI) and the Swedish Transport Administration.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Gustavsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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"The Art of Success in Art. Social Origins, Educational Trajectories, and Artistic Careers in Sweden, 1938–2007"
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- What inherited & acquired resources do individuals, who are admitted to the most exclusive areas of the educational system or who establish themselves at the most prominent positions within professional fields, possess? How do these possessions change over time? In the paper, we try to answer these questions by focusing on the fine arts. We examine, on the one hand, the most dominant school of fine arts in Sweden, and, on the other hand, the field of artists. Our empirical data are constructed as collective biographies of the 1,100 students attending the school between 1938 & 1986 (information from the school archives concerning for example admission, prizes, study travels abroad) & of 13,500 artists (data on exhibitions, stipends, prizes, teaching positions, etc.) for the years 1945 to 2007. The main statistical technique employed is specific multiple correspondence analysis, enabling us to study the structures of the students’ & the artists’ properties as well as the relations between the two populations. We show that there is a strong relation between the leading school & dominant positions in the field of artists. One striking preliminary result a in a social democratic ruled country with a strong emphasis on equity in education is that art students & artists increasingly are recruited from the upper middle classes.
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| 30. |
- Gustavsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The Profane Basis of Sacred Power : Social Backgrounds of Swedish Artists in Dominant Positions 1945–2004
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In elite studies, some elites – such as political and economic elites – tend to be more indisputable than others, while especially cultural elites hold a more ambiguous position. The reluctance to define the cultural elite as an elite among others can be related to different factors, e.g. the self-definition of cultural elites as opponents to temporal powers and the methodological problems of defining the cultural elites. In our contribution, we set the self-definition of cultural elites aside and try to tackle the problem of defining one specific cultural elite, successful artists, by employing Bourdieu’s notion of field. After having carved out a sociological definition of the elite artists, i.e. the artist occupying the most dominant positions within the field, we investigate the social origin of the group, and thereby, reveal the ‘secular’ basis for this ’spiritual’ elite power. By using a large historical source material, presenting a wide number of dominant positions in the Swedish art field in the period 1945–2004, and prosopography as the main method, comprising a compilation of more than 645 artists’ career paths, we can both analyze structures at different times and change over time. Our main results suggest that Swedish leading artist mainly come from more privileged backgrounds and that popular classes are underrepresented. Furthermore, a shift has occurred in the recruitment patterns, where artists from cultural fractions of the middle and dominant classes are increasing their share, while the economic fractions are decreasing.
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| 31. |
- Hammar, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Studier på småfisk vid Lillgrund vindpark : Effektstudier under konstruktionsarbeten och anläggning av gravitationsfundament
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En betydande aspekt beträffande miljöpåverkan från havsbaserad vindkraft är potentiell störning av fisk under konstruktionsarbetet. För att förankra vindkraftverken i sjöbotten kan olika fundament användas. Många fundamentmodeller kräver pålningsarbeten och för dessa är det känt att fisk kan störas betydande över stora avstånd på grund av de höga ljudnivåer som uppstår vid anläggningsarbetet. En annan vanlig fundamentmodell är gravitationsfundament, där inget pålningsarbete behövs men däremot muddring och stenläggning. Till skillnad mot pålningsarbeten är det sedan tidigare inte känt huruvida gravitationsfundamentens muddring och stenläggning medför någon betydande påverkan på fisk i dess omgivning. Som en delstudie till den parallella Vindval-publikationen Miljömässig optimering av fundament för havsbaserad vindkraft har provtagningar av fiskförekomst utförts under anläggningen av gravitationsfundament vid Lillgrund vindpark. Provtagningarna, som utfördes med liten trål, omfattade endast småfisk – definierat som juvenil (ung) fisk samt småväxta fiskarter. Småfisk förväntas emellertid vara särskilt känslig mot den sedimentspridning som uppstår genom muddringsarbeten. Provtagningarna fördelades mellan tre fallstudier omfattande olika delar av konstruktionsarbetet; 1) långtidseffekter av muddring, 2) korttidseffekter av muddring, samt 3) direkteffekter av stenläggning. Studiens utförande baseras på den statistiska designen BACI (Before/After Control/Impact), där provtagningar utförs före och efter en förväntad påverkan, dels i det påverkade området och dels i ett opåverkat kontrollområde.Eftersom löst kalkrikt sediment i höga halter kan påverka syreupptaget hos småfisk kunde det teoretiskt sett förväntas att muddringsarbetet medfört en lokal reduktion av antal individer eller arter av fisk i närområdet. Resultatet visade dock inte några indikationer på att enskilda mudderverksamheter medfört några negativa trender i förekomsten av småfisk, varken 1 månad (fallstudie 1; närmsta avstånd 60 m) eller 1 dygn (fallstudie 2; närmsta avstånd 150 m) efter utförd muddring. En viktig slutsats är följaktligen att ingen småfisk, varken juveniler eller enskilda arter, uppvisade någon negativ trend 1 dygn efter muddringsverksamhet på ett avstånd av 150 m.Det buller som uppstår under stenläggningen kunde teoretiskt sett förväntas medföra en lokal reduktion av antal individer eller arter av fisk i närområdet. Resultatet under stenläggningen (fallstudie 3) visade för juvenil fisk en signifikant större minskning av antal arter i påverkansområdena (Lillgrund; c:a 60 och 200 m från det pågående anläggningsarbetet) jämfört med det opåverkade kontrollområdet. Beträffande adult (vuxen) småfisk visades att ökningen av antal individer och biomassa var signifikant mindre i påverkansområdena vid det pågående stenläggningsarbetet, jämfört med kontrollområdet. Detta överensstämmer med den multivariata analysen (MDS) där kontrollområdet skiljer sig från de båda påverkansområdena under efter-studien. Beaktansvärt är emellertid att ingen av analyserna antyder några skillnader mellan de två olika avstånden 60 och 200 m från stenläggningsarbetet, vilket pekar på att det enskilda stenläggningsarbetet inte är förklaringen till avvikelserna. Mer sannolikt är att konstruktionsarbetena vid Lillgrund som helhet, alternativt naturliga skillnader mellan Lillgrund och kontrollområdet, bidragit till de funna skillnaderna efter stenläggningen i fallstudie 3. De fiskarter som tydligast visade en större ökning i kontrollområdet är sjustrålig smörbult, storspigg, småspigg samt tångsnälla.
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| 32. |
- Ivarsson, Andreas, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Elite female footballers’ stories of sociocultural factors, emotions, and behaviours prior to anterior cruciate ligament injury
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. - New York, NY : Taylor & Francis. - 1612-197X .- 1557-251X. ; 17:6, s. 630-646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to examine how players’ perceptions of sociocultural factors and intra- and interpersonal aspects of sporting experiences may have influenced the emotions, cognitions, and behaviours of elite female soccer players prior to the occurrence of ACL injuries. The research questions guiding the study were: (a) how did female elite soccer players perceive that their psychosocial experiences were related to their cognitive, physiological, and emotional states prior to their ACL injuries, and (b) how did the players feel their perceived states influenced their behaviours prior to injury occurrence. The participants consisted of the total population of female players (N = 18) competing in the Swedish women’s elite league, who incurred a total ACL tear during the 2012 season. Using a semi-structured interview guide, all players were interviewed post-season. We represented the data using a storytelling approach of aggregated creative nonfiction. The aggregated stories showed sociocultural rules and expectations of overtraining and placing pressure on athletes to play even if they were not physically or psychologically fit. Responding to pressures with potentially risk-increasing behaviours might raise the probability of becoming injured through a number of pathways. Team managers, coaches, and members of the medical team are recommended to develop environments that stimulate the players to engage in adaptive stress-recovery and risk-decreasing behaviours. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 33. |
- Johnson, Urban, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Rehabilitation after first-time anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction in female football players: a study of resilience factors
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bmc Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-1847. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Most of the research in the area of psychosocial factors in rehabilitation after sports injuries has focused on risk behaviors, while relatively few studies have focused on behaviors that facilitate rehabilitation. The objective of our study was to understand the psychosocial features that characterize elite female football players who express a resilient behaviour during rehabilitation after a first-time anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. Methods: A qualitative method was used based on individual in-person interviews and video communication of players who incurred a first-time ACL tear during the 2012 season of the Swedish Women's Elite Football League. In total, 13 players had a first-time ACL and were interviewed post-season. The interviews were followed by a thematic content analysis. Based on this, eight players were identified as showing resilient behaviors during their rehabilitation and were included in the final analysis. Results: Three core themes representing psychosocial factors that help players cope successfully with rehabilitation were identified: (I) constructive communication and rich interaction with significant others; (II) strong belief in the importance and efficacy of one's own actions; and (III) the ability to set reasonable goals. Conclusions: The findings suggest three core themes of psychosocial factors that characterize first-time ACL-injured elite female football players showing resilience during rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction. Suggestions for medical teams about ways to support communication, self-efficacy, and goal-setting during the rehabilitation process, are provided.
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| 34. |
- Karlsson, Maths, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of Proton-Conducting Alkali Thio-Hydroxogermanates
- 2008
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5002 .- 0897-4756. ; 20:19, s. 6014-6021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a combination of neutron diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations, we have investigated the structure of hydrated and dehydrated proton conducting alkali thio-hydroxogermanates of general formula M2GeS2(OH)2·yH2O (M = K, Rb, and Cs). The results show that the structure of hydrated and dry materials are basically the same, which confirms previous indications that the main effect of heating these materials is just a loss of water. We suggest that in the hydrated state the structure of these materials is built of dimers of thio-hydroxogermanate anions, with the water molecules acting as bridges between such dimers. In the dehydrated structure, the thio-hydroxogermanate anions instead form an extended network through the formation of interdimer hydrogen bonds through the −OH groups in the structure. The alkali ions are suggested to act as “space-fillers” in voids formed by the thio-hydroxogermanate anion dimers, in both the hydrated and the dehydrated state.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Lindberg, Sara, 1987-
(författare)
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Forming EU-professionals : Geopolitical and Symbolic Hierarchies at the College of Europe
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the thesis is to understand how international educational processes and practices enable the formation of student dispositions related to Europe and the EU labour market. The College of Europe, located in Bruges, Belgium, is a postgraduate independent private institution. It is a boarding school with approximately 350 students representing around 50 nationalities. It was created in the aftermath of the Second World War by European federalists and has a political mission of contributing to European integration. The method consisted of ethnographic fieldwork combining participant observations with semi-structured interviews (27 with students and 11 with the school administration). I mainly interviewed students from Scandinavian and Central and Eastern European Countries. In addition, informal interviews were conducted with faculty, students, school administration, alumni, and EU officials. Contextual information and data were collected from the school website, school brochures between 1953–2017, the Student Yearbook, and students LinkedIn profiles. Departing from Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology, I constructed the College of Europe as a social space in the intersections of various fields at the national, European, and global level. Rather than making a field analysis of the school, the intersection across fields was used as an analytical prism when making sense of what was taking place within the school. To grasp the structure of such a space I investigated the distribution of different assets and resources that the students possess before arriving in Bruges as well as accumulated during the school year. The College of Europe is a social space positioned towards the EU and Europe yet where the national is continuously present. It is aiming to contribute to European integration through the formation of EU-professionals for both the public and the private sector. It is a social space where the objective is to overcome national barriers and acquire a European outlook through diversity, yet it is marked by geopolitical and symbolic hierarchies that relate to students previously inherited and acquired national, international, and linguistic capital and social class as well as macrolevel structures and social order such as European social inequalities and EU member states hierarchies. The students, endowed with large amounts of international capital, come from middle and upper middle class, acquire social distinction through the College of Europe and while striving to build Europe, they continuously also build themselves. The academic year, through the forging of dispositions such as valuing social dispositions over academic excellence, professionalism, being at ease with people in positions of power, understanding EU geopolitical and symbolic hierarchies and situating oneself within them, largely reproduces the existing European social order.
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| 37. |
- Mays, Christin
(författare)
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Have Money, Will Travel : Scholarships and Academic Exchange between Sweden and the United States, 1912–1980
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The large-scale transatlantic mobility of students, teachers, and researchers is a twentieth-century phenomenon that has contributed to the reshaping of international cultural, economic, and political relations into the twenty-first century. Through and as part of this development, the United States transformed into a powerful and influential country on the global stage. As a large, populous, and industrialized nation, the United States has been significant both as a funder of international mobility and as a destination for foreign students and scholars. Sweden, a small, peripheral country in Northern Europe, has had a long relationship with the United States. Amidst the mass migration of peoples from several European countries to North America in the mid-nineteenth century to the 1920s, over one million Swedes migrated to the United States. The connections made through this migration, combined with the growing economic, industrial, and cultural resources of the United States, led to a renewed desire to maintain and improve relations between the two countries from the early twentieth century.This study investigates the development of scholarship programs in Sweden and the United States and their role in the academic exchange between these two countries from 1912–1980. Set against broader cultural, economic, and political processes that increased the scale and complexity of academic mobility in the twentieth century, this study explains how scholarships facilitated and structured flows of people and knowledge. The relationships between three parts of scholarship programs are analyzed: their purposes, organizational frameworks and praxis, and scholarship awards. The analysis employs three points of departure: rationales for internationalization, historical institutionalism, and symbolic capital. Annual reports and scholarship holder documentation are the two main types of sources. Annual reports were used to create a historical timeline of the purposes that drove the founding of organizations and the establishment of scholarship programs to understand the institution of scholarship-funded academic mobility in the twentieth century. Scholarship holder documentation was used to create two datasets of scholarship awards from 1912–1944 and 1945–1979, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics to find patterns and trends in scholarship awards.The results show that the scholarship programs in this study structured complex and asymmetrical flows of people and knowledge between Sweden and the United States in the twentieth century. In the first period, private foundations were the main providers of scholarships and were steered by an array of cultural, academic, and economic purposes. After World War II, and especially during the Cold War, scholarship programs were submitted to the politicization and regulation of the United States government as transatlantic academic mobility became an increasingly widespread practice. The combined and overlapping purposes that steered scholarship-awarding from 1912–1980 facilitated the rise of particular individuals, types of knowledge, higher education institutions, and industries in Sweden and the United States. In addition, the asymmetrical distribution of these scholarships, in which three times as many Swedes traveled to the United States than the reverse, gradually structured a dependence on the academic, economic, and technological resources of the United States.
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| 38. |
- Melldahl, Andreas, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Charting the Social Space : the case of Sweden in 1990
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Routledge Companion to Bourdieu's 'Distinction'. - Oxon; New York : Routledge. - 9781317918974 - 9780415727273 - 9781315852539 ; , s. 135-156
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 39. |
- Melldahl, Andreas, 1982-
(författare)
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Utbildningens värde : Fördelning, avkastning och social reproduktion under 1900-talet
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on changes in the value of educational capital over time. Taking as a point of departure Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of a multidimensional social space, the thesis examines how this value is affected when educational assets—through the democratization of education—are becoming more widespread across this space (i.e. the population).The studies are based on datasets from Statistics Sweden, comprising the complete censuses of 1960 to 1990, LISA-registers, and registers of wealth and income. Different approaches are employed: the use of the Gini-coefficient to catch changes in the distribution of education; comparative models to investigate cohorts at different points in time; and specific multiple correspondence analysis to study the distribution of several assets simultaneously. Three aspects are explored: the distributions, returns, and uses of education. Firstly, while there is a steady increase in the average number of years of schooling, there is a different pattern in the development of the distribution of education. Three phases were distinguished: one of increasing levels of inequality, one of decreasing inequality, and one in which the inequality levelled out. Secondly, the returns of education have diminished as far as economic gains are concerned, causing a fracture between different social generations, at the same time as the returns in a wider social sense have remained relatively stable. However, the relative stability hides crucial discrepancies. Groups with the lowest level of education are further marginalized and distances between ‘economic’ and ‘cultural’ groups are growing. Thirdly, in their modes of using the educational system, there are glaring differences between the economic elite and the cultural elite, although both utilize prestigious educational institutions as sites of social reproduction. The fundamental difference consists in that exclusive educational strategies are not as necessary to the dominant fraction of the economic elite. Their children are able to choose more freely among the offers of higher education. The paradoxical development of the value of education is that while the absolute value of educational capital has decreased in general, the differences in relative value persist.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Nilsson, Tania, et al.
(författare)
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Injury incidence in male elite youth football players is associated with preceding levels and changes in training load
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2055-7647. ; 9:4, s. 1-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Elite youth football players miss out on a large part of seasonal training due to injury. Limited research suggests an association between external and internal training load (TL) and injury incidence in elite youth football. This study analysed external and internal TL variables and their association with injury incidence in a group of male elite youth football players over four seasons. Methods Measures of external and internal TL and injury incidence of 56 male elite youth football players (age 17-19 years) were collected throughout four seasons. Heart rate, session rating of perceived exertion andGlobal Positioning System (GPS) variables were analysed. Individual players' TL during the 30 days leading up to injury was compared with 30-day injury-free control periods. Change in TL through the periods was also analysed. Results Eighty-five injuries were included for analysis, showing that for most TL variables, the average levels were significantly lower during the period leading up to injury. Significant increases for the majority of TL variables were also found during the periods leading up to injury, while the control periods did not show any significant change. Conclusion A lower and/or increasing average TL volume over 30 days might increase the risk of injury in male elite youth football players. Avoiding long-term drops in TL and balance increases in TL might be beneficial to reduce injury risk. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
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| 42. |
- Pemer, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Government agencies’ use of management consulting services in Sweden : An explorative study
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current paper investigates the use of management consultants in the Swedish public sector. Based on an analysis of the use of management consulting services in 55 Government agencies (GAs) in the years 2004-2011 the paper makes a number of contributions. First it confirms an overall growth of the use of consulting services in the public sector. However, it also shows that the use of consulting services and its growth are unevenly distributed across organizations, where GAs with a highly professionalized work force are less heavy users of consulting services than regular GAs. The study also points at temporal variations in GAs use of consulting services. Here changes in top management, especially the CEO, are identified as initiators of temporary reductions of the use of consulting services.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Rydgren, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated glucagon-like peptide-1 plasma levels, as a possible adaptive response, in diabetic NOD mice
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 423:3, s. 583-587
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and other GLP-1 receptor agonists have been shown to cause both antiapoptotic as well as regenerative effects on beta-cells in different animal models for diabetes. Our aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that spontaneously diabetic non obese diabetic (NOD) mice show an altered expression of GLP-1 compared to normoglycemic age-matched controls as a consequence of a diabetic state. To do this we used an ELISA prototype for mouse GLP-1 to measure plasma total GLP-1 from recently diabetic NOD mice as well as from age-matched normoglycemic NOD mice (controls). We also stained sections of pancreatic glands for GLP-1 from diabetic NOD mice and controls. We found increased levels of plasma total GLP-1 in diabetic NOD mice, when compared to control mice, both from non-fasted mice and from mice fasted for 2 h. Furthermore, diabetic NOD mice displayed a higher GLP-1 response to an oral glucose tolerance test, compared to control mice. We also found that sections of pancreatic glands from diabetic NOD mice had an increased GLP-1 positive islet area in regard to relative islet area (i.e. total islet area / total pancreas area of the sections) compared to control mice. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show increased levels of GLP-1 in plasma in spontaneously diabetic NOD mice. We suggest that these results might represent a compensatory mechanism of the diabetic NOD mice to counteract beta-cell loss and hyperglycemia.
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| 46. |
- Ryve, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Discourses about school-based mathematics teacher education in Finland and Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 57:2, s. 132-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this cross-case study we focus on school-based teacher education in Sweden and Finland. Through the use of focus-group interviews with mathematics teacher educators in Finland and Sweden, the study shows that there are substantial differences in how school-based teacher education is introduced and portrayed in the discourse about teacher education and prospective teachers' learning. The school-based teacher education among the Finnish groups is made relevant in relation to several aspects of prospective teachers' learning. In the Swedish groups, school-based teacher education is portrayed as an organizational problem and few aspects of prospective teachers' learning are brought into the discourse. The results cannot be generalized to the two countries but show interesting conceptualizations of school-based education potentially useful for teacher educators and scholars
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| 47. |
- Serner, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Video review of the frequency and assessment of head impacts during the FIFA Arab Cup 2021TM.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science & medicine in football. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2473-3938 .- 2473-4446. ; 7:4, s. 331-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used injury spotters and video footage review to establish the frequency of head impacts, their characteristics, and the subsequent medical assessment during the FIFA Arab Cup 2021TM. Six defined video signs of potential concussion based on an international consensus were used. A total of 88 head impacts were observed, with a median of 2 (IQR 1.5-4, range 0-7) head impacts per match, of which 44 (50%) resulted in on-pitch medical assessment. The median assessment duration was 51s (IQR 34-65s, range 19-262s). The most common mechanism was head-to-head contact (27% of all impacts and 43% of impacts with medical assessment). Seven head impacts showed video signs of potential concussion: six had one sign and one had two signs. The concussion substitution was used in three incidents. Head impacts during the FIFA Arab Cup were common and a median of 1 head impact per game required an on-pitch medical assessment. Only 8% of the head impacts showed any video sign of potential concussion, and only 3% resulted in a concussion substitution. The medical on-pitch assessments appeared too short (<1min) to allow an appropriate assessment of all head impacts, indicating a need for further evaluation. Further standardisation of the injury spotter's role in football is recommended.
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| 48. |
- Swedberg, Karl, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Testing cost containment of future healthcare with maintained or improved quality—The COSTCARES project
- 2021
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Ingår i: Health Science Reports. - : Wiley. - 2398-8835. ; 4:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Increasing healthcare costs need to be contained in order to maintain equality of access to care for all EU citizens. A cross-disciplinary consortium of experts was supported by the EU FP7 research programme, to produce a roadmap on cost containment, while maintaining or improving the quality of healthcare. The roadmap comprises two drivers: person-centred care and health promotion; five critical enablers also need to be addressed: information technology, quality measures, infrastructure, incentive systems, and contracting strategies. Method: In order to develop and test the roadmap, a COST Action project was initiated: COST−CARES, with 28 participating countries. This paper provides an overview of evidence about the effects of each of the identified enablers. Intersections between the drivers and the enablers are identified as critical for the success of future cost containment, in tandem with maintained or improved quality in healthcare. This will require further exploration through testing. Conclusion: Cost containment of future healthcare, with maintained or improved quality, needs to be addressed through a concerted approach of testing key factors. We propose a framework for test lab design based on these drivers and enablers in different European countries.
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| 49. |
- Torell, Matilda F, et al.
(författare)
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Higher survival rates in exercise-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, compared to non-exercise-related - a study from the Swedish Register of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 24:15, s. 1673-1679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Despite the positive effects of physical activity, the risk of sudden cardiac arrest is transiently increased during and immediately after exercise. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of exercise-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the general population and to compare characteristics and prognosis of these cardiac arrests with non-exercise-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Methods Data from all cases of treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outside of home reported to the Swedish Register of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation from 2011-2015 in three counties of Sweden were investigated (population 2.1 m). This registry captures almost 100% of all out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Sweden. Results Of 1825 out-of hospital cardiac arrests, 137 (7.5%) were exercise-related, resulting in an incidence of 1.2 per 100,000 person-years. The 30-day survival rate was significantly higher among exercise-related out-of hospital cardiac arrests compared to non-exercise-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (54.3 % vs 19.4%, p < 0.0001). Patients suffering an exercise-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were on average 10 years younger than those who had a non-exercise-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 56.4 years compared to 67.2 years. Exercise-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrests were more often witnessed (89.4% vs 78.6%, p = 0.002), had higher rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (80.3% vs 61.0%, p < 0.0001) and were more frequently connected to an automated external defibrillator (20.4% vs 4.6%, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Cardiac arrests that occur in relation to exercise have a significantly better prognosis and outcome than non-exercise-related cardiac arrests. This may be explained by favourable circumstances but may also reflect that these persons experience a sudden cardiac arrest at a lower degree of coronary artery disease, due to their younger age and to exercise being a trigger.
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| 50. |
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