| 1. |
- Albrekt, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Skin sensitizers differentially regulate signaling pathways in MUTZ-3 cells in relation to their individual potency
- 2014
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Ingår i: Bmc Pharmacology & Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2210 .- 2050-6511. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Due to the recent European legislations posing a ban of animal tests for safety assessment within the cosmetic industry, development of in vitro alternatives for assessment of skin sensitization is highly prioritized. To date, proposed in vitro assays are mainly based on single biomarkers, which so far have not been able to classify and stratify chemicals into subgroups, related to risk or potency. Methods: Recently, we presented the Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection (GARD) assay for assessment of chemical sensitizers. In this paper, we show how the genome wide readout of GARD can be expanded and used to identify differentially regulated pathways relating to individual chemical sensitizers. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of action of a range of skin sensitizers through pathway identification, pathway classification and transcription factor analysis and related this to the reactive mechanisms and potency of the sensitizing agents. Results: By transcriptional profiling of chemically stimulated MUTZ-3 cells, 33 canonical pathways intimately involved in sensitization to chemical substances were identified. The results showed that metabolic processes, cell cycling and oxidative stress responses are the key events activated during skin sensitization, and that these functions are engaged differently depending on the reactivity mechanisms of the sensitizing agent. Furthermore, the results indicate that the chemical reactivity groups seem to gradually engage more pathways and more molecules in each pathway with increasing sensitizing potency of the chemical used for stimulation. Also, a switch in gene regulation from up to down regulation, with increasing potency, was seen both in genes involved in metabolic functions and cell cycling. These observed pathway patterns were clearly reflected in the regulatory elements identified to drive these processes, where 33 regulatory elements have been proposed for further analysis. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that functional analysis of biomarkers identified from our genomics study of human MUTZ-3 cells can be used to assess sensitizing potency of chemicals in vitro, by the identification of key cellular events, such as metabolic and cell cycling pathways.
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| 2. |
- Backman, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Pre- and postoperative vomiting in children undergoing video-assisted gastrostomy tube placement.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Surgery research and practice. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2356-7759 .- 2356-6124. ; 2014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of pre- and postoperative vomiting in children undergoing a Video-Assisted Gastrostomy (VAG) operation. Patients and Methods. 180 children underwent a VAG operation and were subdivided into groups based on their underlying diagnosis. An anamnesis with respect to vomiting was taken from each of the children's parents before the operation. After the VAG operation, all patients were followed prospectively at one and six months after surgery. All complications including vomiting were documented according to a standardized protocol. Results. Vomiting occurred preoperatively in 51 children (28%). One month after surgery the incidence was 43 (24%) in the same group of children and six months after it was found in 40 (22%). There was a difference in vomiting frequency both pre- and postoperatively between the children in the groups with different diagnoses included in the study. No difference was noted in pre- and postoperative vomiting frequency within each specific diagnosis group. Conclusion. The preoperative vomiting symptoms persisted after the VAG operation. Neurologically impaired children had a higher incidence of vomiting than patients with other diagnoses, a well-known fact, probably due to their underlying diagnosis and not the VAG operation. This information is useful in preoperative counselling.
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| 3. |
- Björnsson, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Bioolja från befintliga kraftvärmeverk-en systemstudie : Sammanfattning av ett forskningssamarbete mellan Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Karlstad universitet och Kraftringen Energi
- 2021. - Rapport 123
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Samhällets pågående omställning mot minskade utsläpp av växthusgaser kräver bland annat stora mängder fasta biobränslen och flytande biodrivmedel. Den svenska biobränslepotentialen domineras av bi- och restprodukter från skogen, som sågspån från sågverken och grenar och toppar (sk grot) från avverkning av skog. Att omvandla trä till flytande bränslen med hög omvandlingseffektivitet är utmanande, och kräver kommersialisering av ny och innovativ teknik. Behovet av flytande biodrivmedel i transportsektorn har därför hittills framför allt tillgodosetts genom import. Ett utökat och resurseffektivt utnyttjande av den inhemska potentialen av biomassa från skogen skulle kunna vara en viktig komponent i att nå både målet om ett fossilfritt samhälle och mål om miljömässig hållbarhet och spårbarhet för råvaran. Kraftvärmesektorn är i stora delar redan fossilfri och hanterar redan idag inhemska fasta bio-bränslen från skogen. I befintliga kraftvärmeverk finns potential för ökad nyttjandegrad av anläggningen, en befintlig infrastruktur för bränslehantering och möjlighet till värmeavsättning i fjärrvärmenät. Detta skapar förutsättningar för att i tillägg till el och värme komplettera med processer för produktion av flytande energibärare från inhemska, spårbara och hållbara biobränslen från skogen.I denna skrift sammanfattas ett forskningsprojekt där möjligheten att vidareutveckla en befintlig kraftvärmeanläggning genom integrerad produktion av pyrolysolja undersökts. Vi har ställt oss frågor som: Kan vi åstadkomma inhemsk produktion av flytande bränsle från skogsbaserade fasta biobränslen genom att kraftvärmeproduktion kombineras med pyrolysoljeproduktion? Kan detta förbättra konkurrenskraften för kraftvärmeverket vid ett framtida vikande behov av fjärrvärme inom bostadssektorn? Vad innebär möjligheten att bli producent av pyrolysolja både för egen förbrukning och för andra marknader som transportsektorn, för kraftvärmeverket och för klimatet?
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| 4. |
- Björnsson, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating bio-oil production from wood fuels to an existing heat and power plant - evaluation of energy and greenhouse gas performance in a Swedish case study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. - : Elsevier. - 2213-1388 .- 2213-1396. ; 48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combined heat and power (CHP) production in combination with a district heating (DH) grid gives an energy efficient use of wood fuels. The heat demand in the DH grid will, however, decline in the coming decades, and operators are seeking additional heat sinks. In this case study, the integration of a pyrolysis unit into an existing CHP plant was investigated as a possible solution. The retrofitted pyrolysis unit makes use of excess heat and yields a liquid bio-oil. Pyrolysis integrated with CHP production was shown to give a net energy yield of at least 80%, and to decrease the net heat output to the DH grid. The carbon footprint of the delivered heat was very low at maximum 1.6 g CO(2)eq/MJ. Prolonging the operation of the pyrolysis unit to periods without heat delivery to the DH grid would increase the use of existing installations, but at the cost of energy yields decreasing to 63-70%. Up to 2.8 PJ(LHV)/yr crude bio-oil could be produced at the investigated CHP plant. The bio-oil was shown to have a low carbon footprint, 1.7-4.0 g CO(2)eq/MJ(LHV), which makes it attractive for the rapidly expanding transport biofuel market.
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| 5. |
- Brunklaus, Birgit, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Cirkular economy from theory to practice : Stop INeffective USe in the city of Malmö in Sweden
- 2020
-
Ingår i: World Sustainble Built Environment Conference - BEYOND 2020. - Gothenburg.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The project aims to increase the knowledge of public organization to increase the circularity of material flows through procurement procedures which benefit saving and sharing. The project is led by the City of Malmö’s Environmental Department together with the Procurement Department and research institute RISE. The purchase and waste flows are mapped and the barriers and possibilities in procedures are analyzed. In addition, the project will look into using the saved resources for well-being of the City’s employees, or ordinary citizen. The results will be presented in a draft roadmap for circular economy for the City of Malmö. SINA is expected to contribute to society by increasing the economic, environmental and social sustainability of the City of Malmö’s operations, and inspire and facilitate for other public institutions to follow suit. The effect of circularity is measured in terms of climate change, resource use and social effects for municipalities and inhabitants.Through SINA, the purchase and waste flows within the City of Malmö’s organization will be mapped and analysed in order to identify possibilities for increased reuse and circular use of resources, focusing on a number of product categories to be chosen within the project. In addition, the project will look into if and how any means saved by improved resource use might be used for measures targeting the well-being of the City’s employees, or even the ordinary citizen. The results will be presented in a draft roadmap for circular economy for the City of Malmö. The role of budget procedures for stimulating circular resource use are essential, also with regards to barriers and possibilities in the current system and the possibilities for change. So far the project has shown that central and standardized budget procedures is essential. Also the availability for data and statistics on city level is essential for mapping purchase and waste flows and to identify possibilities for increased reuse and circular use of resources. So far this is in line with our expectations, and the roadmap for circular economy for the city of Malmö will be dependent on statistics and the procedures within the city of Malmö need to be adopted for circular economy. The lessons learnt are relevant for city management and practitioners in the circular economy. Also practitioner within the purchasing and waste management department are relevant.
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| 6. |
- Brunklaus, Birgit, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Cirkulär ekonomi, offentlig upphandling och ökad resurseffektivitet: Miljömässiga och sociala effekter av resursflöden i Malmö Stad
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Circular economy, public procurement, and increased resource efficiency: Environmental and social effects of resource flows in the City of Malmö. The procurement practices in public organisations are traditionally performed in a linear way. Using circular economy solutions could help public organisations to save both natural and economic resources and tackle climate change. The Swedish City of Malmö strives to include circular economy solutions and become a circular municipality. The scope of the project named “SINA – Sluta med Ineffektiv Användning” SINUS (stop ineffective Use) was to increase the practical knowledge regarding circular procurement and circular user flow within public organisations. In practice, the project tried to increase the efficiency and circularity of material flows in the city of Malmö. The goal of the project was to explore activities for increased reuse and visualise how circular material flows can reduce environmental impacts. The goal was also to develop a method for mapping material flows that can be used in the City of Malmö and other public organisations. Within the project, the purchase and waste flows within the City of Malmö have been mapped and analysed to identify circular activities and product categories. The studied activities and product categories included in this study are the reuse of furniture and replacement of single use plastic with reuse alternatives, as well as prolonged lifetime of IT products and textiles. Life cycle analysis (LCA) based methods were used to estimate the reduction in environmental impact from the studied circular activities. The results showed that most reduction can be achieved though purchasing agreements with increased lifetime from 3 to 4 years, such as for IT products and clothing (25%). The reuse of furniture and the replacement of single use plastic also leads to reduced environmental impacts. Some methodological difficulties might be found in data collection, not for environmental data, but for procurement and waste data. The perception of circular activities within the City of Malmö were analysed with a survey. The results also showed that most employees value the function of the product rather the need of new products, and they are interested in using a digital sharing platform. Additionally, the results pointed out the need for a circular manager handling the material flows, handling storage and repairs and handling the values of employees. This research has been resulted in a draft roadmap for circular economy for the City of Malmö, as well as a description of the methodology developed within the project, to be shared with other public organisations through various networks and digital channels.
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| 7. |
- Bäckman, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized pilot study with daily walking during adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with breast and colorectal cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 53:4, s. 510-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Physical activity during chemotherapy has been shown in several studies to reduce fatigue, improve symptoms and impact positively on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Challenges associated with intervention studies on physical activity during cancer treatment relate to consistent adherence. The primary objective was to study feasibility and adherence of physical activity intervention among patients with cancer during adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. The secondary objective was to investigate the effects of physical activity on health aspects, including HRQoL, symptoms and surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease. Material and methods. This randomized controlled trial included patients with breast cancer (BRCA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) during adjuvant chemotherapy. The intervention continued for 10 weeks and included daily walks of 10 000 steps and a weekly supervised group walk. Adherence was assessed by a pedometer and the number of participants who reported step counts every week and percentage of participants who achieved the target steps every week. Results. Adherence average reached 91% during the intervention period; in total 74% completed the exercise intervention. The majority of the participants achieved an average of 83% of the target of 10 000 steps per day for 10 weeks. There was a significant increase in daily physical activity (p = 0.016) in the intervention group. Significant differences were also found for some breast cancer-specific symptoms [swelling, mobility and pain (p = 0.045)]. The study showed a relatively small weight gain an average of 0.9 kg in the intervention group and 1.3 kg in the control group. Conclusion. Physical activity in the form of walking is feasible during adjuvant chemotherapy treatment despite increasing symptoms. The physical activity increased in the intervention group during the study time and had a positive impact on breast symptoms and the weight gain was lower in comparison to previous studies.
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| 8. |
- Börjesson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Early treatment with lexipafant, a platelet-activating factor-receptor antagonist, is not sufficient to prevent pulmonary endothelial damage after intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion in rats.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Digestive and Liver Disease. - 1590-8658. ; 34:3, s. 190-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion can lead to pulmonary injury characterised by increased macromolecular leakage and leukocyte sequestration. Important mediators of ischaemia-reperfusion-associated injury include polymorphonuclear granulocytes and platelet-activating factor. AIM: To investigate the potential therapeutic inhibition of platelet-activating factor in intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion associated pulmonary injury, by use of a potent platelet-activating factor-receptor antagonist, lexipafant. METHODS: Rats were subjected to 30 minutes of intestinal ischaemia followed by 3 or 12 hours reperfusion. Lexipafant or saline was given intraperitoneally after 30 minutes reperfusion. RESULTS: Increased leakage of radiolabelled human serum albumin was found in the lungs after intestinal ischaemia followed by 3 or 12 hours reperfusion. Administration of lexipafant did not significantly prevent the increased leakage. Pulmonary myeloperoxidase content increased after intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion, indicating polymorphonuclear granulocyte sequestration through the pulmonary endothelium. The increase in interleukin-1beta seen after 3 hours reperfusion was partly reversed by lexipafant. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary injury occurred following intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion, characterised by increased leakage of radiolabelled albumin over the endothelial barrier; correlating with increased pulmonary myeloperoxidase-content, implying involvement of polymorphonuclear granulocytes in the pathogenesis of remote organ injury after intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion. Lexipafant did not significantly decrease severity of pulmonary damage.
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| 9. |
- Granstam, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced occurrence of severe visual impairment after introduction of anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in wet age-related macular degeneration : a population- and register-based study from northern Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768. ; 94:7, s. 646-651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeTo study the occurrence of severe visual impairment (SVI) and treatment outcome at 12months in patients treated for wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by use of data from the Swedish Macula Register (SMR) and referrals to the regional low vision clinics in five northern counties. MethodsReferrals to low vision clinics during 2005, 2009 and 2013 and treatment outcome at 12months from the SMR database from 2008 until 2013 in patients >65years of age in five northern counties were included in the survey. ResultsThe rate of referral due to AMD was significantly reduced during the time period (-48%; p<0.001). At 12months, a significant slight mean improvement in logMAR visual acuity (VA) was observed (-0.01, SD 0.37; p<0.001) after a mean of 5.02.3 anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-injections were administered. Age and low baseline VA was associated with less favourable visual outcome (p<0.001). ConclusionReferral rate to low vision clinic is a valuable tool for estimating occurrence of SVI and fell between the years 2005 until 2013. Data from the SMR showed improvement in visual acuity on the whole, but also identified patients at high risk for developing SVI during anti-VEGF-treatment.
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| 10. |
- IIiev, Nuray, et al.
(författare)
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Hälsa och levnadsvanor bland äldre personer (77+) i Skåne : En tvärsnittsstudie
- 2021
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bakgrund: Den åldrande befolkningen och den förväntade livslängden ökar såväl i Sverigesom i resten av världen och kraven på välfärdssystemet ökar. Forskning visar attdet är möjligt att förebygga sjukdom genom att påverka ogynnsamma levnadsvanoroch att främja goda levnadsvanor skapar förutsättningar och möjligheter att åldrasmed hälsa. Således är därför satsningar på hälsofrämjande och sjukdomsförebyggandearbete angeläget för att minska samhällets kostnader men även för att äldre ska bibehållasin hälsa och förmåga till egenvård. Syfte: Att kartlägga oberoende äldre personers (77+) hälsa och levnadsvanor samtstudera skillnader utifrån ålder, kön och demografiskt läge. Metod: En icke-experimentell tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats som baseras på ett urval av 876 oberoende äldre, oberoende av vård och omsorg och som var hemmaboendei ordinärt boende i någon av de sju nordöstra kommunerna i Skåne, södra Sverige. Resultat: Oberoende äldre skattade sin hälsa som god (76,3%) och deltagarna som var81 år och äldre skattade sin hälsa signifikant högre än de som var yngre. En signifikant skillnad har kartlagts gällande alkoholkonsumtion utifrån ålder och kön samt tobakgällande ålder. Slutsats: Kartläggningen av oberoende äldres hälsa och levnadsvanor utifrån ålder, kön och demografiskt läge visade uppmuntrande resultat. Hälsan och levnadsvanor under åldrandet kan påverkas av flera faktorer. Med utgångspunkt från resultatet ärdet viktigt att distriktssköterskan samtalar och stödjer äldre till hälsosamma levnadsvanor.Fortsatt forskning förespråkas för att främja ett hälsosamt åldrande hos oberoende äldre personer.
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| 11. |
- Jerndal, Erik, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Using Low-Cost Iron-Based Materials as Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping Combustion
- 2011
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Ingår i: Oil and Gas Science and Technology. - : EDP Sciences. - 1294-4475 .- 1953-8189. ; 66:2, s. 235-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In chemical looping combustion with solid fuels, the oxygen-carrier lifetime is expectedto be shorter than with gaseous fuels. Therefore, it is particularly important to use low-cost oxygencarriers in solid fuel applications. Apart from being cheap, these oxygen carriers should be able toconvert the CO and H2 produced from the solid fuel gasification and be sufficiently hard to withstandfragmentation. Several low-cost iron-based materials displayed high conversion of syngas and highmechanical strength and can be used for further development of the technology. These materials includeoxide scales from Sandvik and Scana and an iron ore from LKAB. All tested oxygen carriers showedhigher gas conversion than a reference sample, the mineral ilmenite. Generally, softer oxygen carrierswere more porous and appeared to have a higher reactivity towards syngas. When compared withilmenite, the conversion of CO was higher for all oxygen carriers and the conversion of H2 was higherwhen tested for longer reduction times. The oxygen carrier Sandvik 2 displayed the highest conversion ofsyngas and was therefore selected for solid fuel experiments. The conversion rate of solid fuels washigher with Sandvik 2 than with the reference sample, ilmenite.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Pettersson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Recycling of ash from co-incineration of waste wood and forest fuels: An overlooked challenge in a circular bioenergy system
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Biomass & Bioenergy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0961-9534. ; 142C
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood ash recycling to forests after logging residues harvest is important to ensure long-term sustainable forest management, however, it is not recycled in Sweden at the level required to compensate for current logging residue out-take. A problem in this context is wood ash contamination through co-incineration of waste wood with forest fuels, a practice driven by the political goal of a circular bioenergy system. We performed a case study of co-incineration at a typical Swedish district heating (DH) plant, which showed that the forest fuel ash alone could be recycled to forests due to high nutrient levels. Co-incineration with waste wood resulted however in such high levels of contaminants that the ash was landfilled as hazardous waste. Our assessment of the Swedish DH sector showed that wood ash contamination through co-incineration is common, and that only a minor proportion of the ash from forest fuels is recycled to the forest. It also revealed a lack of reliable data regarding ash production and management, making implementation and evaluation of effective countermeasures difficult. Practical measures to enable wood ash recycling, such as removal of waste wood from the fuel mix, incineration of separate fuels, and ash after-treatment, are hampered by technical and economic barriers. Furthermore, no comprehensive policy tools currently exist on either a national or EU level that facilitate wood ash recycling. Thus, we conclude that comprehensive and efficient policy tools are urgently needed to overcome current barriers, and stimulate large-scale recycling of wood ash for long-term sustainable forest fuel utilisation.
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| 15. |
- Pettersson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions through innovative co-production of bio-oil in combined heat and power plants
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-2619. ; 324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrating fast pyrolysis into existing biomass-based combined heat and power (CHP) plants offers an innovative opportunity for plant operators to acquire an additional heat sink and produce a renewable transport fuels feedstock. This technology is particularly interesting in Sweden, where biobased heat and power constitute an important part of the energy system. It is important to establish the GHG emissions reduction of the production, through e.g. substitution effects in the transport sector, to ensure coherence with climate ambitions. In this study, the GHG emission avoidance methodology in the newly introduced EU Innovation Fund (IF) was adapted to determine whether integrating bio-oil production into an existing wood-fuelled CHP plant through fast pyrolysis would lead to a significant reduction in GHG emissions compared to the status quo. The results showed a reduction in GHG emissions of up to 0.24 MtCO2-eq per year, due mainly to the replacement of fossil fuels in the transport sector. A potential production volume in existing Swedish CHP plants was estimated to be 6.8–8.1 Mt of bio-oil annually, leading to a GHG emission avoidance of 8.6–10.3 MtCO2-eq/y, requiring a wood fuel input of 181–185 PJ/y. Sensitivity analysis indicated a significant potential for the reduction using input parameters for heating, electricity and hydrogen production whether pre-defined in the IF methodology or determined from case-specific conditions. However, the detailed results indicate that case-specific conditions should be used to reflect the fact that different European countries are at different stages in the transition to a fossil-free energy system. In conclusion, according to IF-based calculations, commercialisation of combined heat, power and bio-oil technology could lead to significant GHG emission avoidance across multiple sectors.
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| 16. |
- Salö, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Sex- and age differences in lower urinary tract dysfunction in healthy children
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Information about healthy children's urinary tract symptoms is scarce but would be helpful in children with congenital urinary tract conditions. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction (LUTD) questionnaire.METHODS: A 15-item questionnaire based on definitions by the International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) about urinary tract function, was given to children 4-15 years old with no gastrointestinal or urinary tract conditions. The study was approved ethically.RESULTS: The response rate was 82% (311/377), 50% (n=155) were girls. Children were of the age groups 3.5-7 years (n=136), 8-12 years (n=127), and 13-15 years (n=48). More girls than boys reported urinary tract infections (20% vs 3%, p<0.001), while prevalences of incontinence and enuresis were equivalent in both sexes. In the youngest age group, enuresis was the most frequently reported symptom (11%), then daytime incontinence (10%). The older children more frequently reported previous urinary tract infections (12% and 17% in respective groups) and daytime incontinence (9% and 6%, respectively).CONCLUSION: A LUTD questionnaire is developed and evaluated within this study. Daytime urinary incontinence is the overall most common lower urinary tract symptom and girls report infections more frequently than boys.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Sixt Börjesson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Communicative Participation in People with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica. - : S. Karger AG. - 1021-7762 .- 1421-9972. ; 73:2, s. 101-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Communication is affected in most people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); up to 80–95% will reach a point where they are no longer able to meet their communicative needs with natural speech. The deterioration of speech and communicative abilities presumably has an impact on communicative participation. However, little is known about how these factors relate to each other in this population of patients. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between communicative participation, functional deficits, and severity of dysarthria in individuals with ALS. Method: Thirty people with ALS were rated for (1) communicative participation, using the Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB, Swedish); and (2) disability related to the disease, using the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (Swedish). An expert listening panel assessed intelligibility and severity of dysarthria based on recorded text readings and sentences from the Swedish Test of Intelligibility. Results: CPIB scores were significantly lower for participants with moderate/severe dysarthria than for those with no/mild dysarthria and correlated with bulbar function and intelligibility. Conclusion: The study found that the CPIB provides a means to rate and discuss communicative participation with persons with ALS, which could assist in the planning of further efforts/services.
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| 19. |
- Sundström, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Human Mucosa-Associated Invariant T Cells Accumulate in Colon Adenocarcinomas but Produce Reduced Amounts of IFN-γ.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 195:7, s. 3472-3481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells with a conserved TCR α-chain recognizing bacterial metabolites presented on the invariant MHC-related 1 molecule. MAIT cells are present in intestinal tissues and liver, and they rapidly secrete IFN-γ and IL-17 in response to bacterial insult. In colon cancer, IL-17-driven inflammation promotes tumor progression, whereas IFN-γ production is essential for antitumor immunity. Thus, tumor-associated MAIT cells may affect antitumor immune responses by their secreted cytokines. However, the knowledge of MAIT cell presence and function in tumors is virtually absent. In this study, we determined the frequency, phenotype, and functional capacity of MAIT cells in colon adenocarcinomas and unaffected colon lamina propria. Flow cytometric analyses showed significant accumulation of MAIT cells in tumor tissue, irrespective of tumor stage or localization. Colonic MAIT cells displayed an activated memory phenotype and expression of chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR9. Most MAIT cells in unaffected colon tissues produced IFN-γ, whereas only few produced IL-17. Colonic MAIT cells also produced TNF-α, IL-2, and granzyme B. In the tumors, significantly lower frequencies of IFN-γ-producing MAIT cells were seen, whereas there were no differences in the other cytokines analyzed, and in vitro studies showed that secreted factors from tumor tissue reduced IFN-γ production from MAIT cells. In conclusion, MAIT cells infiltrate colon tumors but their ability to produce IFN-γ is substantially reduced. We suggest that MAIT cells have the capacity to promote local immune responses to tumors, but factors in the tumor microenvironment act to reduce MAIT cell IFN-γ production.
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| 20. |
- Wilhelmson, Anna S K, et al.
(författare)
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Androgens regulate bone marrow B lymphopoiesis in male mice by targeting osteoblast-lineage cells.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7170 .- 0013-7227. ; 156:4, s. 1228-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Testosterone has profound immune-modulatory actions, which may be important for the sexual dimorphism in immune-related disorders, such as autoimmune diseases. A well-known effect of androgens is inhibition of bone marrow B lymphopoiesis; however, a plausible target cell for this effect has not yet been presented. The aim of this study was to determine the target cell for androgen-mediated regulation of bone marrow B lymphopoiesis in males. We confirm higher number of bone marrow B cells in male mice with global inactivation of the androgen receptor (AR) and these global AR knockout (G-ARKO) mice had increased number of B cell precursors from the pro-B stage. Because osteoblast-lineage cells are known to support B lymphopoiesis at the pro-B stage, we investigated the effect on B lymphopoiesis in osteoblast-lineage cell-specific ARKO (O-ARKO) mice; O-ARKO mice had increased number of B cells in the bone marrow, and the number of B cell precursors was increased from the pro-B stage, demonstrating that O-ARKO mimics the bone marrow B lymphopoiesis pattern of G-ARKO mice. By contrast, O-ARKO mice displayed only minor changes in B cell numbers in the splenic compartment compared with G-ARKO. Further, O-ARKO mice had moderately reduced number of bone trabeculae in the vertebrae, whereas cortical bone was unaffected. In conclusion, androgens exert inhibitory effects on bone marrow B lymphopoiesis in males by targeting the AR in osteoblast-lineage cells. The identification of the likely target cell for androgen-mediated regulation of bone marrow B lymphopoiesis will contribute to elucidation of the mechanisms by which androgens modulate immune-related disorders.
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