| 1. |
- Bergström, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term effects of no-take zones in Swedish waters
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly established worldwide to protect and restore degraded ecosystems. However, the level of protection varies among MPAs and has been found to affect the outcome of the closure. In no-take zones (NTZs), no fishing or extraction of marine organisms is allowed. The EU Commission recently committed to protect 30% of European waters by 2030 through the updated Biodiversity Strategy. Importantly, one third of these 30% should be of strict protection. Exactly what is meant by strict protection is not entirely clear, but fishing would likely have to be fully or largely prohibited in these areas. This new target for strictly protected areas highlights the need to evaluate the ecological effects of NTZs, particularly in regions like northern Europe where such evaluations are scarce. The Swedish NTZs made up approximately two thirds of the total areal extent of NTZs in Europe a decade ago. Given that these areas have been closed for at least 10 years and can provide insights into long-term effects of NTZs on fish and ecosystems, they are of broad interest in light of the new 10% strict protection by 2030 commitment by EU member states.In total, eight NTZs in Swedish coastal and offshore waters were evaluated in the current report, with respect to primarily the responses of focal species for the conservation measure, but in some of the areas also ecosystem responses. Five of the NTZs were established in 2009-2011, as part of a government commission, while the other three had been established earlier. The results of the evaluations are presented in a synthesis and also in separate, more detailed chapters for each of the eight NTZs. Overall, the results suggest that NTZs can increase abundances and biomasses of fish and decapod crustaceans, given that the closed areas are strategically placed and of an appropriate size in relation to the life cycle of the focal species. A meta-regression of the effects on focal species of the NTZs showed that CPUE was on average 2.6 times higher after three years of protection, and 3.8 times higher than in the fished reference areas after six years of protection. The proportion of old and large individuals increased in most NTZs, and thereby also the reproductive potential of populations. The increase in abundance of large predatory fish also likely contributed to restoring ecosystem functions, such as top-down control. These effects appeared after a 5-year period and in many cases remained and continued to increase in the longer term (>10 years). In the two areas where cod was the focal species of the NTZs, positive responses were weak, likely as an effect of long-term past, and in the Kattegat still present, recruitment overfishing. In the Baltic Sea, predation by grey seal and cormorant was in some cases so high that it likely counteracted the positive effects of removing fisheries and led to stock declines in the NTZs. In most cases, the introduction of the NTZs has likely decreased the total fishing effort rather than displacing it to adjacent areas. In the Kattegat NTZ, however, the purpose was explicitly to displace an unselective coastal mixed bottom-trawl fishery targeting Norway lobster and flatfish to areas where the bycatches of mature cod were smaller. In two areas that were reopened to fishing after 5 years, the positive effects of the NTZs on fish stocks eroded quickly to pre-closure levels despite that the areas remained closed during the spawning period, highlighting that permanent closures may be necessary to maintain positive effects.We conclude from the Swedish case studies that NTZs may well function as a complement to other fisheries management measures, such as catch, effort and gear regulations. The experiences from the current evaluation show that NTZs can be an important tool for fisheries management especially for local coastal fish populations and areas with mixed fisheries, as well as in cases where there is a need to counteract adverse ecosystem effects of fishing. NTZs are also needed as reference for marine environmental management, and for understanding the effects of fishing on fish populations and other ecosystem components in relation to other pressures. MPAs where the protection of both fish and their habitats is combined may be an important instrument for ecosystembased management, where the recovery of large predatory fish may lead to a restoration of important ecosystem functions and contribute to improving decayed habitats.With the new Biodiversity Strategy, EUs level of ambition for marine conservation increases significantly, with the goal of 30% of coastal and marine waters protected by 2030, and, importantly, one third of these areas being strictly protected. From a conservation perspective, rare, sensitive and/or charismatic species or habitats are often in focus when designating MPAs, and displacement of fisheries is then considered an unwanted side effect. However, if the establishment of strictly protected areas also aims to rebuild fish stocks, these MPAs should be placed in heavily fished areas and designed to protect depleted populations by accounting for their home ranges to generate positive outcomes. Thus, extensive displacement of fisheries is required to reach benefits for depleted populations, and need to be accounted for e.g. by specific regulations outside the strictly protected areas. These new extensive EU goals for MPA establishment pose a challenge for management, but at the same time offer an opportunity to bridge the current gap between conservation and fisheries management.
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| 2. |
- Börjesson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Spawning of Kattegat cod (Gadus morhua)—Mapping spatial distribution by egg surveys
- 2013
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Ingår i: Fisheries Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-7836 .- 1872-6763. ; 147, s. 63-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Kattegat cod has been heavily depleted and is classified as exhibiting reduced reproductive capacity. There is therefore a need for updated information on cod spawning activity and specific locations of spawning grounds in the area. To address this, data from dedicated egg surveys in the Kattegat between 2004 and 2006 were analysed. Positively identified cod eggs confirmed that cod were spawning in the area during the period. The estimated daily egg production was highest in the southeastern part of the surveyed area (~20 eggs m−2 d−1) close to the entrance of the Sound and off the Swedish coast. North of latitude 56°45′ N the daily egg production was low (0–5 eggs m−2 d−1). The predicted distribution of daily egg production was broadly consistent with the two major spawning areas proposed by Vitale et al. (2008), although shifted southwards emphasizing the importance of the southernmost spawning area closer to the Sound. These results provide a baseline for future studies of spawning and life history characteristics of Kattegat cod, and also in studies designed to disentangle the stock complex in the Kattegat-Sound-Belt area.
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| 3. |
- Ahlmanner, Filip, et al.
(författare)
-
CD39+ regulatory T cells accumulate in colon adenocarcinomas and display markers of increased suppressive function
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 9:97, s. 36993-37007
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing knowledge of the function and regulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has led to new insights in cancer immunotherapy. Regulatory T cells (Treg) accumulate in colon tumors, and we recently showed that CD39+ Treg from cancer patients inhibit transendothelial migration of conventional T cells. CD39 mediates the hydrolysis of ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine and adds to the immunosuppressive effects of Treg. Here, we further investigated the regulatory features of intratumoral CD39+ Treg in colon cancer. Using flow cytometry analyses of cells from 46 colon cancer patients, we confirm the accumulation of CD39+ Treg in the tumor tissue compared to unaffected colon tissue, and also show that tumor-infiltrating Treg express more CD39 and Foxp3 on a per cell basis. Furthermore, CD39+ Treg in tumors express markers indicating increased turnover and suppressive ability. In particular, tumor-infiltrating CD39+ Treg have high expression of surface molecules related to immunosuppression, such as ICOS, PD-L1 and CTLA-4. Functional suppression assays also indicate potent suppressive capacity of CD39+ Treg on proliferation and IFN-γ secretion by conventional T cells. In conclusion, our results identify tumor-infiltrating CD39+ Treg as a numerous and potentially important immunosuppressive subset, and suggest that immunotherapy aimed at reducing the activity of CD39+ Treg may be particularly useful in the setting of colon cancer. © 2018 Ahlmanner et al.
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| 4. |
- Alvfors, Per, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Research and development challenges for Swedish biofuel actors – three illustrative examples : Improvement potential discussed in the context of Well-to-Tank analyses
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Currently biofuels have strong political support, both in the EU and Sweden. The EU has, for example, set a target for the use of renewable fuels in the transportation sector stating that all EU member states should use 10% renewable fuels for transport by 2020. Fulfilling this ambition will lead to an enormous market for biofuels during the coming decade. To avoid increasing production of biofuels based on agriculture crops that require considerable use of arable area, focus is now to move towards more advanced second generation (2G) biofuels that can be produced from biomass feedstocks associated with a more efficient land use. Climate benefits and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances are aspects often discussed in conjunction with sustainability and biofuels. The total GHG emissions associated with production and usage of biofuels depend on the entire fuel production chain, mainly the agriculture or forestry feedstock systems and the manufacturing process. To compare different biofuel production pathways it is essential to conduct an environmental assessment using the well-to-tank (WTT) analysis methodology. In Sweden the conditions for biomass production are favourable and we have promising second generation biofuels technologies that are currently in the demonstration phase. In this study we have chosen to focus on cellulose based ethanol, methane from gasification of solid wood as well as DME from gasification of black liquor, with the purpose of identifying research and development potentials that may result in improvements in the WTT emission values. The main objective of this study is thus to identify research and development challenges for Swedish biofuel actors based on literature studies as well as discussions with the the researchers themselves. We have also discussed improvement potentials for the agriculture and forestry part of the WTT chain. The aim of this study is to, in the context of WTT analyses, (i) increase knowledge about the complexity of biofuel production, (ii) identify and discuss improvement potentials, regarding energy efficiency and GHG emissions, for three biofuel production cases, as well as (iii) identify and discuss improvement potentials regarding biomass supply, including agriculture/forestry. The scope of the study is limited to discussing the technologies, system aspects and climate impacts associated with the production stage. Aspects such as the influence on biodiversity and other environmental and social parameters fall beyond the scope of this study. We find that improvement potentials for emissions reductions within the agriculture/forestry part of the WTT chain include changing the use of diesel to low-CO2-emitting fuels, changing to more fuel-efficient tractors, more efficient cultivation and manufacture of fertilizers (commercial nitrogen fertilizer can be produced in plants which have nitrous oxide gas cleaning) as well as improved fertilization strategies (more precise nitrogen application during the cropping season). Furthermore, the cultivation of annual feedstock crops could be avoided on land rich in carbon, such as peat soils and new agriculture systems could be introduced that lower the demand for ploughing and harrowing. Other options for improving the WTT emission values includes introducing new types of crops, such as wheat with higher content of starch or willow with a higher content of cellulose. From the case study on lignocellulosic ethanol we find that 2G ethanol, with co-production of biogas, electricity, heat and/or wood pellet, has a promising role to play in the development of sustainable biofuel production systems. Depending on available raw materials, heat sinks, demand for biogas as vehicle fuel and existing 1G ethanol plants suitable for integration, 2G ethanol production systems may be designed differently to optimize the economic conditions and maximize profitability. However, the complexity connected to the development of the most optimal production systems require improved knowledge and involvement of several actors from different competence areas, such as chemical and biochemical engineering, process design and integration and energy and environmental systems analysis, which may be a potential barrier.
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| 5. |
- Alvors, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Research and development challenges for Swedish biofuel actors – three illustrative examples : Improvement potential discussed in the context of Well-to-Tank analyses
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Currently biofuels have strong political support, both in the EU and Sweden. The EU has, for example, set a target for the use of renewable fuels in the transportation sector stating that all EU member states should use 10% renewable fuels for transport by 2020. Fulfilling this ambition will lead to an enormous market for biofuels during the coming decade. To avoid increasing production of biofuels based on agriculture crops that require considerable use of arable area, focus is now to move towards more advanced second generation (2G) biofuels that can be produced from biomass feedstocks associated with a more efficient land use.Climate benefits and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances are aspects often discussed in conjunction with sustainability and biofuels. The total GHG emissions associated with production and usage of biofuels depend on the entire fuel production chain, mainly the agriculture or forestry feedstock systems and the manufacturing process. To compare different biofuel production pathways it is essential to conduct an environmental assessment using the well-to-tank (WTT) analysis methodology.In Sweden the conditions for biomass production are favourable and we have promising second generation biofuels technologies that are currently in the demonstration phase. In this study we have chosen to focus on cellulose based ethanol, methane from gasification of solid wood as well as DME from gasification of black liquor, with the purpose of identifying research and development potentials that may result in improvements in the WTT emission values. The main objective of this study is thus to identify research and development challenges for Swedish biofuel actors based on literature studies as well as discussions with the the researchers themselves. We have also discussed improvement potentials for the agriculture and forestry part of the WTT chain. The aim of this study is to, in the context of WTT analyses, (i) increase knowledge about the complexity of biofuel production, (ii) identify and discuss improvement potentials, regarding energy efficiency and GHG emissions, for three biofuel production cases, as well as (iii) identify and discuss improvement potentials regarding biomass supply, including agriculture/forestry. The scope of the study is limited to discussing the technologies, system aspects and climate impacts associated with the production stage. Aspects such as the influence on biodiversity and other environmental and social parameters fall beyond the scope of this study.We find that improvement potentials for emissions reductions within the agriculture/forestry part of the WTT chain include changing the use of diesel to low-CO2-emitting fuels, changing to more fuel-efficient tractors, more efficient cultivation and manufacture of fertilizers (commercial nitrogen fertilizer can be produced in plants which have nitrous oxide gas cleaning) as well as improved fertilization strategies (more precise nitrogen application during the cropping season). Furthermore, the cultivation of annual feedstock crops could be avoided on land rich in carbon, such as peat soils and new agriculture systems could be introduced that lower the demand for ploughing and harrowing. Other options for improving the WTT emission values includes introducing new types of crops, such as wheat with higher content of starch or willow with a higher content of cellulose.From the case study on lignocellulosic ethanol we find that 2G ethanol, with co-production of biogas, electricity, heat and/or wood pellet, has a promising role to play in the development of sustainable biofuel production systems. Depending on available raw materials, heat sinks, demand for biogas as vehicle fuel and existing 1G ethanol plants suitable for integration, 2G ethanol production systems may be designed differently to optimize the economic conditions and maximize profitability. However, the complexity connected to the development of the most optimal production systems require improved knowledge and involvement of several actors from different competence areas, such as chemical and biochemical engineering, process design and integration and energy and environmental systems analysis, which may be a potential barrier.Three important results from the lignocellulosic ethanol study are: (i) the production systems could be far more complex and intelligently designed than previous studies show, (ii) the potential improvements consist of a large number of combinations of process integration options wich partly depends on specific local conditions, (iii) the environmental performance of individual systems may vary significantly due to systems design and local conditons.From the case study on gasification of solid biomass for the production of biomethane we find that one of the main advantages of this technology is its high efficiency in respect to converting biomass into fuels for transport. For future research we see a need for improvements within the gas up-grading section, including gas cleaning and gas conditioning, to obtain a more efficient process. A major challenge is to remove the tar before the methanation reaction.Three important results from the biomethane study are: (i) it is important not to crack the methane already produced in the syngas, which indicates a need for improved catalysts for selective tar cracking, (ii) there is a need for new gas separation techniques to facilitate the use of air oxidation agent instead of oxygen in the gasifier, and (iii) there is a need for testing the integrated process under realistic conditions, both at atmospheric and pressurized conditions.From the case study on black liquor gasification for the production of DME we find that the process has many advantages compared to other biofuel production options, such as the fact that black liquor is already partially processed and exists in a pumpable, liquid form, and that the process is pressurised and tightly integrated with the pulp mill, which enhances fuel production efficiency. However, to achieve commercial status, some challenges still remain, such as demonstrating that materials and plant equipment meet the high availability required when scaling up to industrial size in the pulp mill, and also proving that the plant can operate according to calculated heat and material balances. Three important results from the DME study are: (i) that modern chemical pulp mills, having a potential surplus of energy, could become important suppliers of renewable fuels for transport, (ii) there is a need to demonstrate that renewable DME/methanol will be proven to function in large scale, and (iii) there is still potential for technology improvements and enhanced energy integration.Although quantitative improvement potentials are given in the three biofuel production cases, it is not obvious how these potentials would affect WTT values, since the biofuel production processes are complex and changing one parameter impacts other parameters. The improvement potentials are therefore discussed qualitatively. From the entire study we have come to agree on the following common conclusions: (i) research and development in Sweden within the three studied 2G biofuel production technologies is extensive, (ii) in general, the processes, within the three cases, work well at pilot and demonstration scale and are now in a phase to be proven in large scale, (iii) there is still room for improvement although some processes have been known for decades, (iv) the biofuel production processes are complex and site specific and process improvements need to be seen and judged from a broad systems perspective (both within the production plant as well as in the entire well-to-tank perspective), and (v) the three studied biofuel production systems are complementary technologies. Futher, the process of conducting this study is worth mentioning as a result itself, i.e. that many different actors within the field have proven their ability and willingness to contribute to a common report, and that the cooperation climate was very positive and bodes well for possible future collaboration within the framework of the f3 center.Finally, judging from the political ambitions it is clear that the demand for renewable fuels will significantly increase during the coming decade. This will most likely result in opportunities for a range of biofuel options. The studied biofuel options all represent 2G biofuels and they can all be part of the solution to meet the increased renewable fuel demand.
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| 6. |
- Angerbjörn, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Stable isotope analysis of harbour porpoises and their prey from the Baltic and Kattegat/Skagerrak Seas
- 2006
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Ingår i: Marine Biology Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-1000 .- 1745-1019. ; 2:6, s. 411-419
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The by-caught harbour porpoises in commercial fisheries have raised concerns over their conservation status in the Baltic region. One important aspect for management purposes is porpoise movements within the region. We measured stable isotopes in cod, herring and hagfish, species that are important prey for harbour porpoises in the Baltic region. Bone collagen in fish from the marine Kattegat/Skagerrak was significantly enriched in C-13 compared with collagen in fish from the brackish Baltic Sea. However, despite the isotopic variation seen in their prey, we found no difference in C-13 in harbour porpoise collagen from the two areas. In fact, only eight of 24 porpoises had isotope signatures corresponding to those estimated for the diet in the area where they were caught. Our general conclusion is that porpoises move between the Baltic and Kattegat/Skagerrak Seas. Future studies are needed to evaluate the magnitude of these movements.
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| 7. |
- Bergenius Nord, Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
-
Benchmark workshop on Pandalus stocks (WKPRAWN)
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) in divisions 3.a and 4.a East (Skagerrak and Kattegat and northern North Sea in the Norwegian Deep)An ensemble model was developed to incorporate uncertainty in natural mortality (SS3 model). A distribution of possible natural mortalities at age was constructed based on a suite of M life history and other type models. Three M scenarios were developed: a low, median and high M. An objective weighting approach was used based on model performance statistics and diagnostics to develop the final assessment. The reference points were estimated using a shortcut MSE approach testing a range of fishing mortalities and biomass thresholds in relation to virgin stock size (B0). Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) in subareas 1 and 2 (Northeast Arctic)For the Barents Sea stock, the accepted assessment model fell on SPiCT. The commercial CPUE used in the assessment was thoroughly investigated and standardized using a non-spatial model. A spatio-temporal modelling approach (sdmTMB) for the joint Norwegian/Russian Barents Sea Ecosystem Survey (BESS) was presented and compared to the design-based estimators currently used. There was some retrospective error on F/Fmsy but Based on the presented diagnostics, the reference model was considered adequate and acceptable. The standard approach for short-term forecasts and reference points was agreed.Flemish Cap shrimp (NAFO Div. 3M)There was limited progress on the Flemish Cap stock (pra.27.3M). An excellent long-term EU survey from 1988-present is available for the stock covering the period of the moratorium. This shows an increase from 2016 to 2019 with a subsequent decrease. Length-composition data are also available from the survey for this assessment. In future, it may be possible to explore an SS3 model for this stock given the partial and patchy nature of the available data.
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| 8. |
- Bergman, Frida, 1984-
(författare)
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Active workstations : a NEAT way to prevent and treat overweight and obesity?
- 2018
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Modern society is triggering sedentary behaviours in different domains. Different strategies can be used to reduce the time spent sitting and increase physical activity in the office environment, which is one domain where sedentary time is often high. One such strategy could be to install treadmill workstations. With these, the office workers can walk on a treadmill while performing their usual work tasks at the computer. However, the long-term effects of these workstations are not known. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the long-term effects on sedentary behaviour, physical activity and associated health factors of installing treadmill workstations in offices compared to regular office work.Method: In this randomized controlled trial, 80 sedentary, middle-aged, healthy office workers with overweight or obesity were individually randomized into either an intervention or a control group. Those in the intervention group had a treadmill workstation installed at their sit-stand desk, to use for at least one hour per day for 13 months. They further received boosting e-mails at four time-points during the study. Participants in the control group continued to work as normal at their sit-stand office desk. All participants also received a health consultation at the beginning of the study, where they got to discuss physical activity and diet recommendations. Measurements reported include physical activity and sedentary behaviour, anthropometric measurements, body composition, metabolic outcomes, stress, depression and anxiety, cognitive function, structural brain images and interview data. Linear mixed models were used for the main statistical analyses of the quantitative data. An exploratory approach was also undertaken, using orthogonal partial least squares regression on the baseline data. Finally, interview data from participants in the intervention group were analysed using a modified Grounded Theory approach.Results: The intervention group increased their daily walking time and their number of steps at all follow-ups compared to the control group. Concomitantly, a decrease in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) was observed within both groups, mainly during weekends. No intervention effects were observed on any of the body, cognitive or brain volume measurements. Our exploratory analyses revealed a significant association between smaller hippocampal volume and percentage sitting time among participants over 51 years of age. From the interview data, we discovered a core category, “The Capacity to Benefit”. The categories were described as the ideal types the Convinced, the Competitive, the Responsible and the Vacillating, based on the principal characteristics of the participants representing their different motivational status and strategies to reach the goal of benefitting from the intervention. Conclusion: It is possible to increase daily physical activity in office environments by introducing treadmill workstations. Future interventions should adapt strategies for the individuals based on their motivational level, but should also workwith the social and physical environment and with factors within the organization to gain the best effects of these interventions.
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| 9. |
- Bland, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
-
Expeditionsrapport IBTS, augusti 2020
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havsfiskelaboratoriets trålexpeditioner i Västerhavet (Skagerrak och Kattegatt) genomförs två gånger årligen, i kvartal 1 och 3. Fisket utförs med den franska bottentrålen GOV.Under denna expedition gjordes totalt 46 giltiga tråldrag i hela området, 24 i Skagerrak och 19 i Kattegatt samt två i Nordsjön. Fångsten utgjordes av 60 fiskarter varav 9,5 ton var sill, 10,4 ton skarpsill, 1,1 ton kolja och 528 kg torsk.I Kattegatt visar sillens 0-grupp och skarpsillens 1-grupp en markant ökning. Koljans 0-grupp i Skagerrak är den största sedan 2009. Torsken domineras av 1- gruppen i enlighet med förra årets starka 0-grupp. 0-gruppen i år är måttlig medan övriga åldersklasser hos torsken är fortsatt extremt låga.Biologiska parametrar på individnivå samlas in på sill- och torskfiskar samt några plattfiskar. Totalt provtogs 3 999 individer från 13 olika arter med avseende på ålder och könsmognad.
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| 10. |
- Bland, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
-
Expeditionsrapport IBTS, augusti 2021
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havsfiskelaboratoriets trålexpeditioner i Västerhavet (Skagerrak och Kattegatt) genomförs två gånger årligen, i kvartal 1 och 3. Fisket utförs med den franska bottentrålen GOV. Under expeditionen gjordes totalt 47 giltiga tråldrag i hela området, 25 i Skagerrak och 19 i Kattegatt samt tre i Nordsjön. Fångsten utgjordes av 4,9 ton sill, 3 ton skarpsill, ett ton kolja och 340 kg torsk, inalles 62 fiskarter med en totalfångst av 15,9 ton. Både sill- och skarpsillfångsterna var låga i år, så också rekryteringen i kontrast till föregående år. Torsken uppvisade en stor 0-grupp i Skagerrak medan rekryteringen i Kattegatt var ringa. Rödspätta i Kattegatt uppvisade en ökning i 1-gruppen jämfört med tidigare år. Biologiska parametrar på individnivå samlas in på sill- och torskfiskar samt några plattfiskar. Totalt provtogs 3 872 individer från 12 olika arter med avseende på ålder och könsmognad.
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| 11. |
- Bland, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
-
Expeditionsrapport IBTS, januari 2020
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havsfiskelaboratoriets trålexpeditioner i Västerhavet (Skagerrak och Kattegatt) genomförs två gånger årligen, i kvartal 1 och 3.Den franska bottentrålen GOV används för fisket dagtid. Under kvartal 1 används också en mindre finmaskig trål (MIK) nattetid för provtagning av fisklarver.Under expeditionen genomfördes totalt 39 godkända tråldrag med GOV-trålen, 21 i Skagerrak och 18 i Kattegatt.Den totala fångsten uppgick till drygt 9,9 ton och inkluderade 66 fiskarter.Den biologiska provtagningen som också innefattar insamling av otoliter för åldersbestämning, gjordes på de kommersiellt intressanta arterna. Totalt togs 4 363 otoliter från 12 olika arter.MIK-trålningen resulterade i 41 godkända tråldrag med fångst av bland annat 579 sillarver, 4 skarpsillarver och 5 ållarver.
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| 12. |
- Bland, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Expeditionsrapport IBTS, januari 2021
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havsfiskelaboratoriets trålexpeditioner i Västerhavet (Skagerrak och Kattegatt) genomförs två gånger årligen, i kvartal 1 och 3. Den franska bottentrålen GOV används för fisket dagtid. Under kvartal 1 används också en mindre finmaskig trål (MIK) nattetid för provtagning av fisklarver. Under denna expeditionen genomfördes totalt 52 godkända tråldrag med GOVtrålen, 7 i Nordsjön, 26 i Skagerrak och 19 i Kattegatt. Den totala fångsten uppgick till drygt 27 ton ( ca 70% sillfiskar) och inkluderade 69 fiskarter. Den biologiska provtagningen som också innefattar insamling av otoliter för åldersbestämning, gjordes på de kommersiellt intressanta arterna. Totalt togs 5279 otoliter från 12 olika arter. MIK-trålningen resulterade i 55 godkända tråldrag, 213 sillarver, 1 skarpsillarv men inga ållarver.
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| 13. |
- Bland, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Expeditionsrapport IBTS, januari 2022
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IBTS trålexpedition i Västerhavet genomförs två gånger årligen, i kvartal 1 och 3 och täcker Skagerrak, Kattegatt och delar av östra Nordsjön.Den franska bottentrålen GOV används för fisket dagtid. Under kvartal 1 används också en mindre finmaskig trål (MIK) nattetid för provtagning av fisklarver.Under expeditionen genomfördes totalt 37 godkända tråldrag med GOV-trålen, 5 i Nordsjön, 17 i Skagerrak och 15 i Kattegatt.Den totala fångsten uppgick till drygt 5,85 ton (nästan 60% utgjordes av sillfiskar) och inkluderade 63 fiskarter. Den biologiska provtagningen som också innefattar insamling av otoliter för åldersbestämning, gjordes på de kommersiellt intressanta arterna. Totalt togs 3431 otoliter från 12 olika arter. Preliminära index på 1-gruppen hos målarterna beräknades.MIK-trålningen resulterade i 46 godkända tråldrag, 262 sillarver, 138 sardinlarver, en glasål men inga skarpsillslarver.
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| 14. |
- Bland, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Trålundersökning av fisk i Västerhavet : International Bottom Trawl Survey 2022 kvartal 3
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom ramen för IBTS genomförs trålundersökningar i Skagerrak och Kattegatt och på senare år även vissa områden i östra Nordsjön i kvartal 1 och 3. Under expeditionen utfördes totalt 49 giltiga tråldrag i det undersökta området, 26 i Skagerrak och 19 i Kattegatt samt fyra i Nordsjön. I totalfångsten ingick 61 olika fiskarter, bland annat 10,2 ton sill, 4,1 ton skarpsill, 3,8 ton kolja och 382 kg torsk, totalt 36,6 ton. Biologiska parametrar på individnivå samlas in på sill- och torskfiskar samt rödspätta och tunga. Totalt provtogs 3 883 individer från 11 olika arter med avseende på ålder och könsmognad. Både sill- och skarpsillfångsterna var större i år än föregående år, så också rekryteringen. Torskens 0-grupp i både Skagerrak och Kattegatt ökade kraftigt. Däremot är 2+-guppen av torsk (torsk över ca 37 cm) i stort sett frånvarande. Kolja visar en mycket stor 0-grupp i Skagerrak och 0-gruppen vitling i Kattegatt är avsevärt större än föregående år.
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| 15. |
- Bland, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
-
Trålundersökning av fisk i Västerhavet : International Bottom Trawl Survey 2023 kvartal 1
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IBTS trålexpedition i Västerhavet genomförs två gånger årligen, i kvartal 1 och 3 och täcker Skagerrak, Kattegatt och delar av östra Nordsjön.Den franska bottentrålen GOV används för fisket dagtid. Under kvartal 1 används också en mindre finmaskig trål nattetid för provtagning av primärt sill-larver.Under expeditionen genomfördes totalt 46 godkända tråldrag med GOV-trålen, 5 i Nordsjön, 22 i Skagerrak och 19 i Kattegatt.Den totala fångsten uppgick till drygt 14,9 ton (nästan 45 % utgjordes av sillfiskar) och inkluderade 69 fiskarter. Den biologiska provtagningen som också innefattar insamling av otoliter för åldersbestämning, gjordes på de kommersiellt betydelsefulla arterna. Totalt togs 5479 otoliter från 11 olika arter. Preliminära abundansindex på 1-gruppen hos målarterna beräknades.Larvtrålningen resulterade i 47 godkända tråldrag, 67 sillarver, 493 sardinlarver, 5 glasålar men inga skarpsillslarver.
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| 16. |
- Bland, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
-
Trålundersökning av fisk i Västerhavet : International Bottom Trawl Survey 2023 kvartal 3
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havsfiskelaboratoriets trålexpeditioner i Västerhavet (Skagerrak och Kattegatt) genomförs två gånger årligen, i kvartal 1 och 3. Fisket utförs med den franska bottentrålen GOV. Under expeditionen gjordes totalt 46 giltiga tråldrag i hela området, 22 i Skagerrak och 19 i Kattegatt samt fem i östliga Nordsjön. Fångsten utgjordes av 18,1 ton sill, 6 ton skarpsill, 5 ton kolja och 275 kg torsk, inalles 57 fiskarter med en totalfångst av 35,6 ton.Biologiska parametrar på individnivå samlas in på sill- och torskfiskar samt några plattfiskar. Totalt provtogs 3 343 individer från 11 olika målarter med avseende på ålder och könsmognad. Torsk-index i både Skagerrak och Kattegatt har minskat kraftigt. Ettårig kolja uppvisar en relativt god förekomst i Skagerrak till följd av förra årets starka rekrytering men årets rekrytering är svag. Sillen visar en stor 1-grupp i både Skagerrak och Kattegatt.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Börjesson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Occurrence of sharks, rays and rabbit fish in the Greater North Sea – and catches in Swedish fisheries
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report was written in response to a request from the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management to update an earlier technical note from SLU Aqua “Occurrence of skates and rays in northern European waters and catches in Swedish fisheries in the Skagerrak/Kattegat and the eastern North Sea”. The aim was to provide a comprehensive overview of elasmobranchs present in Swedish waters and to what extent these species are caught in Swedish fisheries. To describe the occurrence and spatial distribution of sharks, rays and rabbit fish we used fisheries-independent survey data from 1967–2020, as well as data from the national on-board observer program and official landing data. During this time a total of 21 species of sharks, rays and rabbit fish were reported from the Skagerrak, Kattegat and the Sound. Seven of the species were common in both the fishery independent and the commercial data supporting that they are native to Swedish waters. These species included three shark species; velvet belly (Etmopterus spinax), lesser spotted dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula) and spurdog (Squalus acanthias); three species of rays; starry ray (Amblyraja radiata), thornback ray (Raja clavata), and sailray (Rajella lintea); and the rabbit fish (Chimaera monstrosa). The round ray (Rajella fyllae) was also relatively common in survey catches from the deeper parts of the Skagerrak. All common species were present year round, but spurdog also showed a seasonal trend, being more common along the Norwegian coast and in offshore part of the Skagerrak in the first quarter, and closer to the Swedish coast in the third and fourth quarter. There are no longer any targeted fisheries for elasmobranchs by Swedish vessels but by-catches occur, predominantly in demersal trawl fisheries in the deeper parts (> 200 m) of Skagerrak and the Norwegian trench where a majority the observed hauls had by-catch of one or more species. Usage of a sorting device (grid) in the Nephrops and Pandalus trawl fisheries appear to reduce the amount of by-catches. Historical and anecdotal information suggest that by-catch of spurdog in gillnets could be significant, but as landing were prohibited in 2010, no data is available since then. Starry ray and spurdog represents > 75 % of the estimated total catch weight of shark and rays combined. More than 90 % of elasmobranchs was discarded, which is not surprising given that landing of spurdog, starry ray, common skate and thornback ray are prohibited in 3a. Sailray is the only species landed to some extent (few tonnes per year) by Swedish vessels during the last five years. Swedish landings of sailray mainly come from the Pandalus fishery and from demersal trawl fishing without grids in the deeper parts of Skagerrak.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Börjesson, Patrik
(författare)
-
Skagerrakundersökningen 2021 - och sammanfattning av perioden 2019 - 2021
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En årlig trålundersökning riktad mot bottenlevande arter och djuphavsarter i Skagerrak inleddes 2018. Undersökningen genomförs i september – oktober av två chartrade kommersiella fartyg med vetenskaplig personal ombord. Under expeditionen 2021 gjordes 43 giltiga tråldrag i danska (19 tråldrag, inklusive två parallella hal), norska (15 tråldrag) och svenska vatten (9 tråldrag). Den totala fångsten var 10,9 ton och omfattade 48 fiskarter. De vanligast förekommande arterna var rödtunga, torsk och kummel. Mätt i vikt utgjordes de största fångsterna kolja (2,0 ton), guldlax (1,7 ton), pigghaj (0,95 ton) och skoläst (0,85 ton). Ytterligare sex arter av rockor och hajar samt havsmus fångades under expeditionen. Ålder och individuell vikt samlades in för 693 torskar och genetiska prover samlades in för 291 av dessa exemplar. Vi tog även individvikter och DNA-prov på 47 exemplar av klorocka och två knaggrockor. Förutom ovan nämnda rutininsamlingen samlades även individuella data och DNA-prover från 77 exemplar av kummel (>30 cm) in på uppdrag av Havsforskningsinstitutet i Bergen, Norge.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Börjesson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Workshop on the production of abundance estimates for sensitive species (WKABSENS)
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Workshop on the production of annual estimates of abundance of sensitive species (WKABSENS) met to define sensitive species, collate ICES assessments of abundance where these are available, and estimate indices of their abundance per swept-area where not, for the OSPAR area. The analyses identified 140 potentially sensitive species or species complexes, among which 10 are diadromous and three are coastal, 20 have uncertain species ID and nine were identified as sensitive in only one of the sources examined. Among the sensitive species and species complexes, there was sufficient data to provide abundance indices for 50 species, of which 16 had existing stock assessments whereas the workshop derived abundance estimates for the remaining 34 species from survey data. Three statistical modelling approaches (binomial, General Additive Models (GAMs) and VAST) and were explored and the final abundance indices were calculated using GAMs. The species were divided into stocks before estimating abundance indices where these could be identified from the spatial distribution of the species in the survey. The group considered that a similar analysis using data from additional surveys, commercial indices or data from bycatch observers can potentially provide improved abundance estimates for species with variable or low catchability, such as deep-water and pelagic species.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerometer derived physical activity and subclinical coronary and carotid atherosclerosis : cross-sectional analyses in 22 703 middle-aged men and women in the SCAPIS study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim included investigation of the associations between sedentary (SED), low-intensity physical activity (LIPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids and the estimated difference in prevalence by theoretical reallocation of time in different PA behaviours.DESIGN: Cross-sectional.SETTING: Multisite study at university hospitals.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 22 670 participants without cardiovascular disease (51% women, 57.4 years, SD 4.3) from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage study were included. SED, LIPA and MVPA were assessed by hip-worn accelerometer.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Any and significant subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (CA), Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) and carotid atherosclerosis (CarA) were derived from imaging data from coronary CT angiography and carotid ultrasound.RESULTS: High daily SED (>70% ≈10.5 hours/day) associated with a higher OR 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.91), for significant CA, and with lower OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.95), for significant CarA. High LIPA (>55% ≈8 hours/day) associated with lower OR for significant CA 0.70 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.96), and CACS, 0.71 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.97), but with higher OR for CarA 1.41 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.76). MVPA above reference level, >2% ≈20 min/day, associated with lower OR for significant CA (OR range 0.61-0.67), CACS (OR range 0.71-0.75) and CarA (OR range 0.72-0.79). Theoretical replacement of 30 min of SED into an equal amount of MVPA associated with lower OR for significant CA, especially in participants with high SED 0.84 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.96) or low MVPA 0.51 (0.36 to 0.73).CONCLUSIONS: MVPA was associated with a lower risk for significant atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids, while the association varied in strength and direction for SED and LIPA, respectively. If causal, clinical implications include avoiding high levels of daily SED and low levels of MVPA to reduce the risk of developing significant subclinical atherosclerosis.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Hammar, Linus, et al.
(författare)
-
Studier på småfisk vid Lillgrund vindpark : Effektstudier under konstruktionsarbeten och anläggning av gravitationsfundament
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En betydande aspekt beträffande miljöpåverkan från havsbaserad vindkraft är potentiell störning av fisk under konstruktionsarbetet. För att förankra vindkraftverken i sjöbotten kan olika fundament användas. Många fundamentmodeller kräver pålningsarbeten och för dessa är det känt att fisk kan störas betydande över stora avstånd på grund av de höga ljudnivåer som uppstår vid anläggningsarbetet. En annan vanlig fundamentmodell är gravitationsfundament, där inget pålningsarbete behövs men däremot muddring och stenläggning. Till skillnad mot pålningsarbeten är det sedan tidigare inte känt huruvida gravitationsfundamentens muddring och stenläggning medför någon betydande påverkan på fisk i dess omgivning. Som en delstudie till den parallella Vindval-publikationen Miljömässig optimering av fundament för havsbaserad vindkraft har provtagningar av fiskförekomst utförts under anläggningen av gravitationsfundament vid Lillgrund vindpark. Provtagningarna, som utfördes med liten trål, omfattade endast småfisk – definierat som juvenil (ung) fisk samt småväxta fiskarter. Småfisk förväntas emellertid vara särskilt känslig mot den sedimentspridning som uppstår genom muddringsarbeten. Provtagningarna fördelades mellan tre fallstudier omfattande olika delar av konstruktionsarbetet; 1) långtidseffekter av muddring, 2) korttidseffekter av muddring, samt 3) direkteffekter av stenläggning. Studiens utförande baseras på den statistiska designen BACI (Before/After Control/Impact), där provtagningar utförs före och efter en förväntad påverkan, dels i det påverkade området och dels i ett opåverkat kontrollområde.Eftersom löst kalkrikt sediment i höga halter kan påverka syreupptaget hos småfisk kunde det teoretiskt sett förväntas att muddringsarbetet medfört en lokal reduktion av antal individer eller arter av fisk i närområdet. Resultatet visade dock inte några indikationer på att enskilda mudderverksamheter medfört några negativa trender i förekomsten av småfisk, varken 1 månad (fallstudie 1; närmsta avstånd 60 m) eller 1 dygn (fallstudie 2; närmsta avstånd 150 m) efter utförd muddring. En viktig slutsats är följaktligen att ingen småfisk, varken juveniler eller enskilda arter, uppvisade någon negativ trend 1 dygn efter muddringsverksamhet på ett avstånd av 150 m.Det buller som uppstår under stenläggningen kunde teoretiskt sett förväntas medföra en lokal reduktion av antal individer eller arter av fisk i närområdet. Resultatet under stenläggningen (fallstudie 3) visade för juvenil fisk en signifikant större minskning av antal arter i påverkansområdena (Lillgrund; c:a 60 och 200 m från det pågående anläggningsarbetet) jämfört med det opåverkade kontrollområdet. Beträffande adult (vuxen) småfisk visades att ökningen av antal individer och biomassa var signifikant mindre i påverkansområdena vid det pågående stenläggningsarbetet, jämfört med kontrollområdet. Detta överensstämmer med den multivariata analysen (MDS) där kontrollområdet skiljer sig från de båda påverkansområdena under efter-studien. Beaktansvärt är emellertid att ingen av analyserna antyder några skillnader mellan de två olika avstånden 60 och 200 m från stenläggningsarbetet, vilket pekar på att det enskilda stenläggningsarbetet inte är förklaringen till avvikelserna. Mer sannolikt är att konstruktionsarbetena vid Lillgrund som helhet, alternativt naturliga skillnader mellan Lillgrund och kontrollområdet, bidragit till de funna skillnaderna efter stenläggningen i fallstudie 3. De fiskarter som tydligast visade en större ökning i kontrollområdet är sjustrålig smörbult, storspigg, småspigg samt tångsnälla.
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| 29. |
- Hilvarsson, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
-
Trålundersökning av fisk i Västerhavet : international bottom trawl survey 2024 kvartal 1
- 2024
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- IBTS trålexpedition i Västerhavet genomförs två gånger årligen, i kvartal 1 och 3, och täcker Skagerrak, Kattegatt och delar av östra Nordsjön. 2024 års expedition under kvartal 1 drabbades av flera stormar och vilket gjorde det generellt svårt att planera provtagningen. Dagtid används bottentrålen GOV. Under expeditionen genomfördes totalt 45 godkända tråldrag med GOV-trålen, 4 i Nordsjön, 22 i Skagerrak och 19 i Kattegatt. Den totala fångsten uppgick till knappt 10,5 ton (ca 53 % utgjordes av sillfiskar) och inkluderade 65 fiskarter. Den biologiska provtagningen, som också innefattar insamling av otoliter för åldersbestämning, gjordes på de kommersiellt betydelsefulla arterna. Totalt togs 4692 otoliter från 10 olika arter. Preliminära abundansindex för 1-gruppen hos målarterna redovisas i rapporten. Larvtrålningen nattetid resulterade i endast 33 godkända tråldrag pga vädret och det fångades bl.a. 323 sillarver, 52 sardinlarver och 6 glasålar men inga skarpsillslarver.
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| 30. |
- Karlsson, Jessika, 1975-
(författare)
-
A Novel Approach to Teaching Emotional Expression in Music Performance
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the most important aspects of music performance is the expression of emotions, yet research has suggested that this skill is neglected in music education. The aim of this thesis was thus to develop and test a novel and empirically-based approach to teaching emotional expression in music performance.Study I explored the nature of instrumental teaching in its natural context, with a focus on emotional expression. Although there were individual differences among teachers, a common feature was a lack of clear goals, specific tasks, systematic teaching patterns, and informative feedback.Study II presented and tested a computer program that analyzes music performances and offers informative feedback, including specific suggestions on how to enhance the emotional expression. Performers were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) feedback from the computer program, (2) feedback from music teachers, and (3) repetition without feedback. The results indicated the greatest improvements in communication accuracy for the computer feedback group, but although the computer program was rated as easy to understand and use, performers did not want to use it in the future.Study III explored whether the negative views towards the computer program were due to negative attitudes towards computers or a dislike of the characteristics of the actual feedback contents. Results from a deception experiment revealed that the mere belief that the feedback derived from a teacher yielded higher quality ratings, but so did also feedback that did indeed derive from a teacher. The latter feedback was perceived as more detailed.The thesis shows that it is possible for performers to improve their abilities to express emotions through computer-assisted teaching, but suggests that the feedback may benefit from including human-like aspects such as encouragement, examples, and explanations in order to make it more attractive in the eyes of its potential users.
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| 31. |
- Laukka, Petri, 1971-
(författare)
-
Vocal Expression of Emotion : Discrete-emotions and Dimensional Accounts
- 2004
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigated whether vocal emotion expressions are conveyed as discrete emotions or as continuous dimensions. Study I consisted of a meta-analysis of decoding accuracy of discrete emotions (anger, fear, happiness, love-tenderness, sadness) within and across cultures. Also, the literature on acoustic characteristics of expressions was reviewed. Results suggest that vocal expressions are universally recognized and that there exist emotion-specific patterns of voice-cues for discrete emotions.In Study II, actors vocally portrayed anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness with weak and strong emotion intensity. The portrayals were decoded by listeners and acoustically analyzed with respect to 20 voice-cues (e.g., speech rate, voice intensity, fundamental frequency, spectral energy distribution). Both the intended emotion and intensity of the portrayals were accurately decoded and had an impact on voice-cues. Listeners’ ratings of both emotion and intensity could be predicted from a selection of voice-cues.In Study III, listeners rated the portrayals from Study II on emotion dimensions (activation, valence, potency, emotion intensity). All dimensions were correlated with several voice-cues. Listeners’ ratings could be successfully predicted from the voice-cues for all dimensions except valence.In Study IV, continua of morphed expressions, ranging from one emotion to another in equal steps, were created using speech synthesis. Listeners identified the emotion of each expression and discriminated between pairs of expressions. The continua were perceived as two distinct sections separated by a sudden category boundary. Also, discrimination accuracy was generally higher for pairs of stimuli falling across category boundaries than for pairs belonging to the same category. This suggests that vocal expressions are categorically perceived.Taken together, the results suggest that a discrete-emotions approach provides the best account of vocal expression. Previous difficulties in finding emotion-specific patterns of voice-cues may be explained in terms of limitations of previous studies and the coding of the communicative process.
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| 32. |
- Martinelli, Anna, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
Conformational evolution of TFSI− in protic and aprotic ionic liquids
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. - 0377-0486 .- 1097-4555.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We here report on the conformational evolution of the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI−) in protic and aprotic TFSI−-based ionic liquids as a function of temperature. The investigation is performed by Raman spectroscopy in the spectral ranges 240-380 cm−1 and 715-765 cm−1, where the interference from bands due to the cations is negligible. The contribution from each TFSI− conformation, i.e. the cisoid (C1) and the transoid (C2), is quantified in order to estimate the enthalpy of conformational change, ΔH, which is found to be in the range 3.4–7.3 kJ/mol in the liquid state. Conformational information is for the first time determined from the 740 cm−1 band, which previously mainly has been used as an indicator of ion-ion interactions. The similarity in ΔH values obtained from the two spectral ranges demonstrates the validity of using also the 740 cm−1 band for the quantification of the TFSI conformational evolution.
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| 33. |
- Muthuswamy, Rangarajan V., et al.
(författare)
-
Impaired migration of IgA-secreting cells to colon adenocarcinomas.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0851 .- 0340-7004. ; 62, s. 989-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local inflammation is a strong risk factor for the development of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. Mucosal regulatory T cells and IgA-secreting cells both contribute to reduce inflammatory responses, and their recruitment to tissues is dependent on local production of chemokines. More specifically, IgA-secreting cells are recruited to mucosal tissues by CCL28 signalling through CCR10. Here, we examined the recruitment of IgA-secreting plasma cells to tumor-associated mucosa in patients suffering from colon adenocarcinoma. Flow cytometric analyses of single cell suspensions from tumor-associated and unaffected colon mucosa showed a marked decrease in CD19(+)CD38(high)IgA(+) plasmablasts in the tumor-associated mucosa, while the total frequencies of B and T cells were similar. This finding was confirmed in ELISPOT assays, demonstrating a 64% reduction in the frequencies of IgA-secreting cells among cells from the tumor-associated mucosa. The few IgA(+) plasmablasts present in the tumor did not express CCR10, and functional migration assays demonstrated that IgA-secreting cells from tumor-associated mucosa did not migrate in response to CCL28. Taken together, our results show an impaired migration of IgA-secreting cells to colon tumors, presumably caused by a decreased production of CCL28 in the tumor. The lack of local IgA antibodies may lead to impaired barrier function and increased bacterial colonization, driving further inflammatory responses and promoting tumor growth.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Sköld, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
A no-take zone and partially protected areas are not enough to save the Kattegat cod, but enhance biomass and abundance of the local fish assemblage
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ICES Journal of Marine Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1054-3139 .- 1095-9289. ; 79, s. 2231-2246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To supplement catch and effort regulations with the purpose to rebuild the cod (Gadus morhua) stock in Kattegat, Sweden and Denmark established a large (426 km(2)) year-round no-take zone (NTZ) surrounded by partially protected areas (PPAs) in 2009. The purpose of these spatial regulations was to prohibit cod fishing on the spawning grounds and to displace fisheries bycatch of cod from areas where mature cod aggregate in the Kattegat. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the established NTZ and PPAs on the local fish assemblage, including cod. Based on a spatially high-resolution bottom trawl survey in the Kattegat (covering 2008-2021), multivariate analyses revealed significant shifts in the fish assemblage. A closer analysis indicated that six to seven fish species, including cod increased in the NTZ relative to control areas depending on if abundance or biomass was used as dependent variable. Univariate analysis showed that two flatfish species dab (Limanda limanda) and lemon sole (Microstomus kitt), and Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) significantly increased in biomass in the NTZ, and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in the PPA relative to the control areas. These results suggest that the NTZ protected even relatively mobile species in an open sea system, such as the Kattegat. However, neither cod abundance nor biomass showed a significant increase as an effect of the NTZ and PPA despite two relatively strong year classes in 2012 and 2013, which possibly would have helped the recovery of the cod stock. As assessed by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea in 2022, Kattegat cod continuously suffer from being severely overfished with low recruitment, and high discard rates in the mixed N. norvegicus fishery, is considered the major driver behind the reinforced depletion of the stock.
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| 40. |
- Sundström, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Human Mucosa-Associated Invariant T Cells Accumulate in Colon Adenocarcinomas but Produce Reduced Amounts of IFN-γ.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 195:7, s. 3472-3481
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells with a conserved TCR α-chain recognizing bacterial metabolites presented on the invariant MHC-related 1 molecule. MAIT cells are present in intestinal tissues and liver, and they rapidly secrete IFN-γ and IL-17 in response to bacterial insult. In colon cancer, IL-17-driven inflammation promotes tumor progression, whereas IFN-γ production is essential for antitumor immunity. Thus, tumor-associated MAIT cells may affect antitumor immune responses by their secreted cytokines. However, the knowledge of MAIT cell presence and function in tumors is virtually absent. In this study, we determined the frequency, phenotype, and functional capacity of MAIT cells in colon adenocarcinomas and unaffected colon lamina propria. Flow cytometric analyses showed significant accumulation of MAIT cells in tumor tissue, irrespective of tumor stage or localization. Colonic MAIT cells displayed an activated memory phenotype and expression of chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR9. Most MAIT cells in unaffected colon tissues produced IFN-γ, whereas only few produced IL-17. Colonic MAIT cells also produced TNF-α, IL-2, and granzyme B. In the tumors, significantly lower frequencies of IFN-γ-producing MAIT cells were seen, whereas there were no differences in the other cytokines analyzed, and in vitro studies showed that secreted factors from tumor tissue reduced IFN-γ production from MAIT cells. In conclusion, MAIT cells infiltrate colon tumors but their ability to produce IFN-γ is substantially reduced. We suggest that MAIT cells have the capacity to promote local immune responses to tumors, but factors in the tumor microenvironment act to reduce MAIT cell IFN-γ production.
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| 41. |
- Sundström, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Regulatory T Cells from Colon Cancer Patients Inhibit Effector T-cell Migration through an Adenosine-Dependent Mechanism.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Cancer immunology research. - 2326-6074. ; 4:3, s. 183-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- T cell-mediated immunity is a major component of antitumor immunity. In order to be efficient, effector T cells must leave the circulation and enter into the tumor tissue. Regulatory T cells (Treg) from gastric cancer patients, but not from healthy volunteers, potently inhibit migration of conventional T cells through activated endothelium. In this study, we compared T cells from colon cancer patients and healthy donors to determine the mechanisms used by Tregs from cancer patients to inhibit conventional T-cell migration. Our results showed that circulating Tregs from cancer patients expressed high levels of CD39, an ectoenzyme mediating hydrolysis of ATP to AMP, as a rate-determining first step in the generation of immunosuppressive adenosine. Tumor-associated Tregs expressed even more CD39, and we therefore examined the importance of adenosine in Treg-mediated inhibition of T-cell transendothelial migration in vitro. Exogenous adenosine significantly reduced migration of conventional T cells from healthy volunteers, and blocking either adenosine receptors or CD39 enzymatic activity during transmigration restored the ability of conventional T cells from cancer patients to migrate. Adenosine did not directly affect T cells or endothelial cells, but reduced the ability of monocytes to activate the endothelium. Taken together, our results indicate that Treg-derived adenosine acts on monocytes and contributes to reduced transendothelial migration of effector T cells into tumors. This effect of Tregs is specific for cancer patients, and our results indicate that Tregs may affect not only T-cell effector functions but also their migration into tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(3); 183-93. ©2016 AACR.
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- Ytreberg, Agnes, et al.
(författare)
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God havsmiljö 2020 : Marin strategi för Nordsjön och Östersjön Del 3: Övervakningsprogram
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havsmiljöförordningens övergripande mål är att upprätthålla eller uppnå en god miljöstatus i de svenska förvaltningsområdena Nordsjön och Östersjön till år 2020. En av uppgifterna i den första förvaltningsperioden är att fastställa övervakningsprogram.God miljöstatus baseras på ett ramverk av så kallade deskriptorer som anges i havsmiljödirektivet, det vill säga det EU-direktiv som i Sverige genomförs genom havsmiljöförordningen. Deskriptorerna beskriver god miljöstatus på en övergripande nivå för elva temaområden. Till varje deskriptor hör en rad kriterier som anger vad som ska ingå i en bedömning av miljöstatus. Utifrån de elva deskriptorerna har Sverige fastställt 13 övervakningsprogram. Sex program utgår ifrån olika biodiversitetsteman som berörs av en upp till tre deskriptorer, medan de övriga sju programmen utgår ifrån de deskriptorer som är mer inriktade mot belastning och miljöförändring.För varje program har ett antal underprogram föreslagits baserat på den nuvarande övervakningen och/eller planerad övervakning. Övervakning som ingår i programmen ska vara pågående och data ska vara tillgängliga. I programmen ingår nationell och regional miljöövervakning inklusive verksamhetsutövares recipientkontroll. Dessutom ingår annan typ av datainsamling som till exempel inventeringar av tumlare och uppgifter om omfattningen av mänskliga aktiviteter som orsakar belastning och miljöförändringar. Enligt havsmiljödirektivet ska övervakningen fånga upp tillstånd och miljöförändringar, belastning och omfattning av aktiviteterna som orsakar belastningen samt effekter av åtgärder. Eftersom nästa steg i havsförvaltningscykeln är att fastställa åtgärdsprogram kommer övervakning för att följa upp åtgärder att läggas till övervakningsprogrammen först under nästa förvaltningscykel.I beskrivningarna av programmen framgår hur den nuvarande övervakningen motsvarar de krav som ställs på dataunderlag genom havsmiljödirektivets bilaga III samt genom deskriptorer, kriterier, indikatorer och beslutade miljökvalitetsnormer. I dagens övervakning saknas bland annat tillräcklig övervakning för uppföljning av livsmiljöers tillstånd och utbredning. För marint avfall, buller och främmande arter saknas nationellt samordnad övervakning, men det görs regionala insatser och ett antal projekt har genomförts eller påbörjats för att öka kunskapen om hur övervakning bäst ska utformas. För de program som har pågående övervakning beskrivs utvecklingsbehoven för att förbättra underlaget för de återkommande tillståndsbedömningarna.Övervakningsprogrammet som fastställs under 2014 utgör således inte ett fast program för kunskapsinhämtning. Bristerna kommer att beaktas i det fortsatta genomförandet av havsmiljöförordningen där utveckling av indikatorer och övervakning kommer att ske kontinuerligt.
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