| 1. |
- Beckenbauer, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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A mixed physical and statistical approach for the prediction of tyre/road noise
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of AIA-DAGA 2013 Conference on Acoustics, Meran, Italy, March 18-21, 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hybrid approach is intended to make a tool available for both analysis of tyre/road noise depending on road surface characteristics and synthesis of low noise road surfaces. However, the model does not claim applicability for the development of low noise tyres. Basic physical models for the calculation of non linear contact forces and tyre vibrations as well as an empirical model for the aerodynamic tyre/road noise generation have been implemented in order to feed a multiple regression model with problem specific input quantities. The model is able to predict absolute coast-by noise levels in terms of third octave bands between 315 Hz and 2 kHz within a wide speed range from 50 km/h up to 120 km/h separately for different noise generation mechanisms. Despite the fact that the model does not perform better than +/- 1 dB concerning the difference between calculated and measured overall noise levels and +/- 5 dB for spectral level differences it provides relevant information on the distribution of sound energy due to mechanical and aerodynamic processes within the tyre/road contact. This affords opportunity to characterize and develop road surfaces yielding reduced excitation of rolling noise which is presented by means of practically relevant examples.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Beckenbauer, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Tyre/road noise prediction: A comparison between the SPERoN and HyRoNE models, Part 1
- 2008
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Ingår i: 7th European Conference on Noise Control 2008, EURONOISE 2008; Paris; France; 29 June 2008 through 4 July 2008. - 2226-5147. ; , s. 2933-2938
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The SPERoN and HyRoNE models predict the pass-by tyre/road noise of a passenger car from intrinsic characteristics of the road surface. Both models are hybrid: they combine statistical laws with physical models. With a computing time of a few minutes (very quick compared to full physical models), they provide operational tools for tyre/road noise prediction. Particular fields of interest are road surface optimisation with respect to noise at the laboratory scale, conformity of production of a new surface and acoustic monitoring of roads. They are now implemented as user-friendly stand-alone applications. The presentation will address the principles of the models, their performances and their respective main fields of application. Part 1 will address the philosophy and the principles of the models.
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| 5. |
- Hoever, Carsten, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Der Einfluss der lokalen Variation der Oberflächentextur auf die Simulation von Rollgeräusch und Rollwiderstand
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings DAGA 2015, 41. Jahrestagung für Akustik, 16.--19. März 2015, Nürnberg. - 9783939296089 ; , s. 1255--1258-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Die detaillierte Beschreibung der Reifen-/Fahrbahninteraktion ist essenziell für die präzise Berechnung von Rollwiderstand und Rollgeräusch. Neben leistungsfähigen Modellen werden dabei hochwertige Eingangsdaten benötigt. Dabei spielt die Fahrbahnrauigkeit eine entscheidende Rolle. Entsprechend groß ist der Aufwand für das Scannen der Oberflächentextur: In Fahrtrichtung müssen Strecken von mehreren Metern Länge in einem Abstand von weniger als einem Millimeter gescannt werden. In lateraler Richtung kann eine geringere Auflösung akzeptiert werden; in einem früheren DAGA-Beitrag konnte gezeigt werden, dass zumeist sechs parallele Messspuren ausreichend sind. Unbeantwortet ist die Frage, wie repräsentativ Rauigkeitsmessungen in einem kleinen abgegrenzten Bereich für die komplette Fahrbahnoberfläche sind. Dies ist entscheidend für den Vergleich von Messungen und Berechnungen: Rollgeräusch- und Rollwiderstandsmessungen werden für längere Abschnitte einer Fahrbahn durchgeführt, während Simulationen auf den räumlich begrenzten Oberflächenscans basieren. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurde für verschiedene Oberflächen untersucht, inwieweit die Rauigkeit an unterschiedlichen Stellen einer Fahrbahn variiert. Dabei konnten für alle Oberflächen Rauigkeitsvariationen festgestellt werden. Im nächsten Schritt wurden auf den Rauigkeitsmessungen basierende Rollwiderstands- und Rollgeräuschsimulationen durchgeführt und mit Messungen über den kompletten Fahrbahnabschnitt verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass auf einzelnen Rauigkeitsmessstellen basierenden Simulationsergebnisse deutlich variieren können. Durch Mittelwertbildung der Ergebnisse kann jedoch eine gute Übereinstimmung mit Rollgeräusch- oder Rollwiderstandsmessungen erzielt werden.
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| 6. |
- Klein, Philippe, et al.
(författare)
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Tyre/road noise prediction: A comparison between the SPERoN and HyRoNE models, Part 2
- 2008
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Ingår i: 7th European Conference on Noise Control 2008, EURONOISE 2008; Paris; France; 29 June 2008 through 4 July 2008. - 2226-5147. ; , s. 2939-2944
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The SPERoN and HyRoNE models predict the pass-by tyre/road noise of a passenger car from intrinsic characteristics of the road surface. Both models are hybrid: they combine statistical laws with physical models. With a computing time of a few minutes (very quick compared to full physical models), they provide operational tools for tyre/road noise prediction. Particular fields of interest are road surface optimisation with respect to noise at the laboratory scale, conformity of production of a new surface and acoustic monitoring of roads. They are now implemented as user-friendly stand-alone applications. The presentation will address the principles of the models, their performances and their respective main fields of application. Part 2 will address the performances of the models and their area of applications.
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| 7. |
- Kropp, Wolfgang, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of the Tyre/Road Noise
- 2001
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Ingår i: Styrian Noise, Vibration & Harshness Congress 2001, Acoustic Competence Center, Graz, Austria.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Kropp, Wolfgang, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Sound generation and sound radiation from tyres
- 2013
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Ingår i: INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings. ; 247:1, s. 6252-6258
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tyre/road interaction model developed by Chalmers during the last years is utilised to exam both sound generation mechanisms and sound radiation properties of rolling tyres. The model is based on a very advanced tyre model, a fully non-linear contact model, and a radiation model including the surface of the road. The model is successfully validated. The two main mechanisms, tyre vibrations and air-flow related mechanisms – often called air-pumping – are analysed from measurements and from simulation results. The results indicate the strong influence of air-flow related mechanisms. Different tyre/road combinations influence this result. The so gained insight is essential for the optimisation of tyres and road surfaces. The simulations show that the lateral structure of the surface roughness can have strong influence on the generated sound at higher frequencies. The analysis of pass-by measurements also underlines the findings that at these frequencies, low order modes with respect to the cross section determine the sound radiation. Finally the influence of the road surface is investigated and the horn effect for a rolling tyre is calculated.
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| 9. |
- Kropp, Wolfgang, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Sound radiation of a rolling tyre
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 6th Forum Acusticum 2011, Aalborg, 27 June - 1 July 2011. - 2221-3767. ; , s. 795-800
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work an advanced tyre model based on Wave Guide Finite Elements is used in connection with a contact model and a radiation model in order to investigate the sound radiation from a rolling tyre. With these tools a slick tyre rolling on an ISO and a rough surface is simulated. Based on the calculated contact forces in the time domain the amplitudes of the modes excited during rolling are determined as function of frequency. A boundary element model is then applied to predict the sound pressure level on a reference surface around a tyre placed on rigid ground as function of the modal composition of the tyre vibrations. Taking into account different modes when calculating the vibrational field as input into the boundary element calculations, it is possible to identify individual modes or groups of modes of special relevance for the radiated sound power. The results show that mainly low-order modes with relative low amplitudes but high radiation efficiency in the frequency range between 800 and 1200 Hz are responsible for the radiated sound power at these frequencies, while those modes which are most strongly excited in that frequency range during rolling are irrelevant for the radiated sound power. This fact is very essential when focusing on the design of quieter tyres.
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| 10. |
- Kropp, Wolfgang, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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The Modelling of Tyre/Road Noise — A Quasi Three-Dimensional Model
- 2001
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Ingår i: InterNoise2001, The Hague, The Netherlands.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased focus on road traffic noise has intensified the research activities concerning the investigation of tyre/road noise generation as one of the major noise sources. While during the seventies and eighties research effort considered mainly the understanding of phenomena behind the generation processes, today, prediction methods are the main subject of ongoing activities. These prediction methods differ with respect to philosophy and approach. They cover the wide range from FE approaches, modelling details as exact as possible, to statistical approaches quantifying the influence of main parameters influencing tyre/road noise. The following work focuses on a quasi-three dimensional model for the prediction of tyre/road noise. The model is based on the description of the main physical properties of tyres, the contact between tyre and road and the radiation from tyres. It includes the properties of the road surface. By means of this model possibilities and limitations of tyre/road noise modelling can be discussed with respect to the required quality of the input data. The results from the model are compared with coast-by measurement for tyres on surfaces with different properties.
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| 11. |
- Winroth, Julia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Separating the contributions from air-pumping and tyre vibrations by speed dependency analysis of tyre/road noise
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the INTER-NOISE 2016 - 45th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering: Towards a Quieter Future.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally tyre/road noise has been divided into low-mid frequency noise caused by tyre vibrations and high frequency noise caused by various air flow related mechanisms, "air-pumping". It has also been assumed that these two processes grow in importance with different (vehicle) speed exponents. The purpose with this work is to investigate how to extract the different noise sources by a speed exponent analysis. Such analysis tool would e.g. indicate under which circumstances it is necessary to include air flow related sources in a tyre/road noise prediction model. The results show that it is possible to extract components of tyre/road noise that grow with the speed to the power of two and four. Expecting these contributions to be connected to tyre vibrations and air flow related source mechanisms respectively, it is found that the latter are present at surprisingly low frequencies. In addition, modelled results, only taking into account noise created by tyre vibrations, also show speed exponents larger than two. It is concluded that tyre vibrations can generate noise with a range of speed exponents making it futile to separate the two main tyre/road noise source mechanisms by a speed exponent analysis.
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| 12. |
- Winroth, Julia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The contribution of air-pumping to tyre/road noise
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of AIA-DAGA 2013. - 9783939296058 ; , s. 1594-1597
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is generally accepted that there are at least two tyre/road noise generation mechanisms commonly referred to as tyre vibrations and air-pumping. While the modelling of tyre vibrations is rather mature, the modelling of air-pumping is still on a basic stage and unsatisfactory in many aspects. Applying the fact that tyre vibrations and air-pumping have different vehicle speed dependency allows for identifying the contribution from each mechanism in field measurements of tyre/road noise. This paper presents an analysis of controlled pass-by measurements and simulations with the tyre/road simulation model at Chalmers. Results show that air-pumping is a major contributor to tyre/road noise. The question arises which physical mechanisms are behind the air-pumping noise observed in measurements and simulations. The analysis indicates that tyre vibrations in the contact may lead to air-pumping noise. This suggestion deviates from generation mechanisms usually assumed in the air-pumping context.
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