| 1. |
- Cousin, E., et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-8587. ; 10:3, s. 177-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990-2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73.7% (68.3 to 77.4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0.50 (0.44 to 0.58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97.5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0.13 (0.12 to 0.14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0.60 (0.51 to 0.70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0.71 (0.60 to 0.86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r(2)=0.62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17.0% (-28.4 to -2.9) for all diabetes, and by 21.0% (-33.0 to -5.9) when considering only type 1 diabetes. However, the low SDI quintile had the lowest decline for both all diabetes (-13.6% [-28.4 to 3.4]) and for type 1 diabetes (-13.6% [-29.3 to 8.9]). Interpretation Decreasing diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years remains an important challenge, especially in low and low-middle SDI countries. Inadequate diagnosis and treatment of diabetes is likely to be major contributor to these early deaths, highlighting the urgent need to provide better access to insulin and basic diabetes education and care. This mortality metric, derived from readily available and frequently updated GBD data, can help to monitor preventable diabetes-related deaths over time globally, aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Targets, and serve as an indicator of the adequacy of basic diabetes care for type 1 and type 2 diabetes across nations. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Lopes-Lima, M., et al.
(författare)
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Integrative phylogenetic, phylogeographic and morphological characterisation of the Unio crassus species complex reveals cryptic diversity with important conservation implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Academic Press Inc.. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global decline of freshwater mussels and their crucial ecological services highlight the need to understand their phylogeny, phylogeography and patterns of genetic diversity to guide conservation efforts. Such knowledge is urgently needed for Unio crassus, a highly imperilled species originally widespread throughout Europe and southwest Asia. Recent studies have resurrected several species from synonymy based on mitochondrial data, revealing U. crassus to be a complex of cryptic species. To address long-standing taxonomic uncertainties hindering effective conservation, we integrate morphometric, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic analyses to examine species diversity within the U. crassus complex across its entire range. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (815 specimens from 182 populations) and, for selected specimens, whole mitogenome sequences and Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) data on ∼ 600 nuclear loci. Mito-nuclear discordance was detected, consistent with mitochondrial DNA gene flow between some species during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Fossil-calibrated phylogenies based on AHE data support a Mediterranean origin for the U. crassus complex in the Early Miocene. The results of our integrative approach support 12 species in the group: the previously recognised Unio bruguierianus, Unio carneus, Unio crassus, Unio damascensis, Unio ionicus, Unio sesirmensis, and Unio tumidiformis, and the reinstatement of five nominal taxa: Unio desectus stat. rev., Unio gontierii stat. rev., Unio mardinensis stat. rev., Unio nanus stat. rev., and Unio vicarius stat. rev. Morphometric analyses of shell contours reveal important morphospace overlaps among these species, highlighting cryptic, but geographically structured, diversity. The distribution, taxonomy, phylogeography, and conservation of each species are succinctly described.
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| 7. |
- Fenske, J., et al.
(författare)
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BEER-The Beamline for European Materials Engineering Research at the ESS
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 746:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Beamline for European Materials Engineering Research (BEER) will be built at the European Spallation Source (ESS). The diffractometer utilizes the high brilliance of the long-pulse neutron source and offers high instrument flexibility. It includes a novel chopper technique that extracts several short pulses out of the long pulse, leading to substantial intensity gain of up to an order of magnitude compared to pulse shaping methods for materials with high crystal symmetry. This intensity gain is achieved without compromising resolution. Materials of lower crystal symmetry or multi-phase materials will be investigated by additional pulse shaping methods. The different chopper set-ups and advanced beam extracting techniques offer an extremely broad intensity/resolution range. Furthermore, BEER offers an option of simultaneous SANS or imaging measurements without compromising diffraction investigations. This flexibility opens up new possibilities for in-situ experiments studying materials processing and performance under operation conditions. To fulfil this task, advanced sample environments, dedicated to thermo-mechanical processing, are foreseen.
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- Šaroun, J., et al.
(författare)
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Neutron optics concept for the materials engineering diffractometer at the ESS
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 746:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Beamline for European Materials Engineering Research (BEER) has been recently proposed to be built at the European Spallation Source (ESS). The presented concept of neutron delivery optics for this instrument addresses the problems of bi-spectral beam extraction from a small moderator, optimization of neutron guides profile for long-range neutron transport and focusing at the sample under various constraints. They include free space before and after the guides, a narrow guide section with gaps for choppers, closing of direct line of sight and cost reduction by optimization of the guides cross-section and coating. A system of slits and exchangeable focusing optics is proposed in order to match various wavelength resolution options provided by the pulse shaping and modulation choppers, which permits to efficiently trade resolution for intensity in a wide range. Simulated performance characteristics such as brilliance transfer ratio are complemented by the analysis of the histories of "useful" neutrons obtained by back tracing neutrons hitting the sample, which helps to optimize some of the neutron guide parameters such as supermirror coating.
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- Chalupa, P., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of potential biomarkers for the discrimination of bacterial and viral infections
- 2011
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Ingår i: Infection. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-0973 .- 0300-8126. ; 39:5, s. 411-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Timely knowledge of the bacterial etiology and localization of infection are important for empirical antibiotic therapy. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate routinely used biomarkers together with novel laboratory parameters in the diagnosis of infection. Methods In this prospective study, 54 adult patients with bacterial infections admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases were included. For comparison, 27 patients with viral infections were enrolled. In these patients, white blood cell (WBC) counts, differential blood counts, serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT), IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, soluble CD14 (sCD14), heparin-binding protein (HBP), cortisol (Cort), and monocyte surface expression of TLR2, TLR4, HLA-DR, and CD14 were analyzed. Also, these biomarkers were evaluated in 21 patients with acute community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP), as well as in 21 patients with pyelonephritis and urosepsis. Results The highest sensitivity and specificity (expressed as the area under the curve [AUC]) for bacterial infection were observed in serum concentration of PCT (0.952), neutrophil and lymphocyte counts (0.852 and 0.841, respectively), and serumlevels of HBP (0.837), IL-6 (0.830), and Cort (0.817). In addition, the serum levels of IFN-gamma and Cort were significantly higher and IL-8 levels were lower in CABP when compared to pyelonephritis or urosepsis. Conclusions From the novel potential biomarkers, only PCT demonstrated superiority over the routine parameters in the differentiation of bacterial from viral infections. However, some of the novel parameters should be further evaluated in larger and better characterized cohorts of patients in order to find their clinical applications.
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| 18. |
- Granström, Brith, et al.
(författare)
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Return to work after oropharyngeal cancer treatment-Highlighting a growing working-age population
- 2020
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Ingår i: Head and Neck-Journal for the Sciences and Specialties of the Head and Neck. - : Wiley. - 1043-3074 .- 1097-0347. ; 42:8, s. 1893-1901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background To describe the frequency of patients returning to work after treatment for oropharyngeal cancer and to identify predictors and physical barriers that might interfere with the return to work process. Methods Cross-sectional study including 295 patients. Data were collected regarding work/sick leave situation at 1 month before diagnosis and 15 months after diagnosis. The situation before diagnosis was retrospectively recalled by the patients. Two subscales and two single items from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-H&N35 were used. Data were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression. Results Fifteen months after diagnosis, 212 patients (72%) were working. To be working 15 months after diagnosis was associated with working before diagnosis. Swallowing difficulties, problems talking on the telephone, and physical appearance were negatively associated with returning to work. Conclusions The large number of individuals returning to work is encouraging for patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer.
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| 20. |
- Jonasson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue in young adults: A Swedish head & neck cancer register (SweHNCR) population-based analysis of prognosis in relation to age and stage
- 2023
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Ingår i: Oral Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1368-8375 .- 1879-0593. ; 144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue has been reported in young adults (YA) in several countries since the 1980s and confirmed in later studies. The etiology is unclear, the prognosis has been debated, and conflicting results have been published. Some studies show better survival in young adults than in older patients, some worse, and others no difference. Most studies are based on selected series or include other sites in the oral cavity. The definition of "YA" is arbitrary and varies between studies. It is thus difficult to use in general conclusions.This work uses data from the population-based Swedish Head and Neck Cancer register (SweHNCR), which has > 98% coverage. SweHNCR data includes age, gender, TNM, treatment intention, treatment given, lead times, performance status, and to a lesser degree, smoking habits. The current Swedish population is around 10 million.We analyzed outcomes for 1416 patients diagnosed with SCC of the oral tongue from 2008 to 2017 using 18-39 years to define YA age because it is the range most commonly used.We found no significant difference in relative survival (a proxy for diagnosis-specific survival) between age groups of patients treated with curative intent for SCC of the oral tongue. The stage at time of diagnosis was equally distributed among the age groups. Excess mortality rate correlated mainly with stage, subsite of the tongue, performance status, and lead time to treatment.
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| 21. |
- Lukasczyk, J., et al.
(författare)
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Report of the TopoInVis TTK Hackathon : Experiences, Lessons Learned, and Perspectives
- 2021
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Ingår i: Mathematics and Visualization. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 359-373, s. 359-373
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper documents the organization, the execution, and the results of the Topology ToolKit (TTK) hackathon that took place at the TopoInVis 2019 conference. The primary goal of the hackathon was to promote TTK in our research community as a unified software development platform for topology-based data analysis algorithms. To this end, participants were first introduced to the structure and capabilities of TTK, and then worked on their own TTK-related projects while being mentored by senior TTK developers. Notable outcomes of the hackathon were first steps towards Python and Docker packages, further integration of TTK in Inviwo, the extension of TTK with new algorithms, and the discovery of current limitations of TTK as well as future development directions.
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| 22. |
- Romey, I., et al.
(författare)
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Concept for a Decentralised Combined Heat and Power Generation Unit for Biomass Gasification
- 2001
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Ingår i: Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion. - Oxford, UK : Wiley-Blackwell. - 9780470694954 ; , s. 499-508
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of an improved process for decentralised combined heat and power generation from biomass gasification was the main goal of this project. Based on gasification tests performed in a bench-scale pressurised fluidised gasifier a concept for an allothermal gasification unit was made. Air-blown as well as steam-blown tests were carried out considering three different kinds of biomass (birch, salix, and crushed pelletised straw) against a wide spectrum of operation conditions with different bed-materials (silica sands, magnesite and dolomite). The aim of the gas quality optimisation was the production of a fuel gas (syngas) with a high H2 and low tar content suitable for a gas engine. The tar content was measured with SPA method and a gravimetric method. The tests were performed at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, in close co-operation with the University of Essen. Jenbacher AG designed a new type of cylinder head for the direct feeding of the hot pressurised syngas into the gas engine in co-operation with the Technical University of Graz. Taking the results obtained into account a concept of decentralised combined heat and power generation (CHP) unit with an electrical power output of 1 MW was set up.
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| 23. |
- Sahlberg, Martin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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A new material for hydrogen storage; ScAl0.8Mg0.2
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 182:11, s. 3113-3117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel aluminium rich alloy for hydrogen storage has been discovered, ScAl0.8Mg0.2, which has very promising properties regarding hydrogen storage capacity, kinetics and stability towards air oxidation in comparison to hydrogen absorption in state-of-the-art intermetallic compounds. The absorption of hydrogen was found to be very fast, even without adding any catalyst, and reversible. The discovered alloy crystallizes in a CsCl-type structure, but decomposes to ScH2 and Al(Mg) during hydrogen absorption. Detailed analysis of the hydrogen absorption in ScAl0.8Mg0.2 has been performed using in situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction, neutron powder diffraction and quantum mechanical calculations. The results from theory and experiments are in good agreement with each other.
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| 24. |
- Talani, Charbél, et al.
(författare)
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Early mortality after diagnosis of cancer of the head and neck – A population-based nationwide study
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Cancers of the head and neck have a high mortality rate, and roughly 10% of the patients die within six months of diagnosis. To our knowledge little has been written about this group. We wished to identify risk factors for early death, to predict and monitor patients at risk better and, if possible, avoid unjustified major treatment. Methods and findings This population-based nationwide study from the Swedish Head and Neck Cancer Register (SweHNCR) included data from 2008–2015 and 9733 patients at potential risk of early death. A total of 925 (9.5%) patients died within six months. For every year older the patients became, the risk of early death increased by 2.3% (p<0.001). The relative risk of death was 3.37 times higher (237%) for patients with WHO score 1 compared with WHO score 0. A primary tumour in the hypopharynx correlated with a 24% increased risk over the oral cavity (p<0.024). Patients with stage IV disease had a 3.7 times greater risk of early death than those with stage I (p<0.001). As expected, a 12 times increased risk of early death was noted in the palliative treatment group, compared to the curative group. Limitations to this study were that the actual cause of death was not recorded in the SweHNCR, and that socioeconomic factors, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, and HPV status, were not reported in SweHNCR until 2015. However, the fact that this is a population-based nationwide study including 9733 patients compensates for some of these limitations. Conclusions Identification of patients at increased risk of early death shows that older patients with advanced disease, increased WHO score, primary tumour in the hypopharynx, and those given palliative treatment, are more likely than the others to die from head and neck cancer within six months of diagnosis. © 2019 Talani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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