| 1. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, Anna-Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical challenges in residential care facilities during COVID-19 : Leaders' perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND : Person-centred care is based on ethical principles, and it is regarded as high-quality care. Care of older persons should embrace person-centredness. During the pandemic, older persons were highlighted as a vulnerable group at risk of developing serious illness and/or suffering death from COVID-19. Several pandemic-related measures were introduced in residential care facilities (RCFs) to reduce this risk, which influenced the possibilities to lead and provide a person-centred care. AIM : This study's aim was to explore ethical challenges in relation to person-centredness during the COVID-19 pandemic, from the perspective of leaders in RCFs. RESEARCH DESIGN : The study had a qualitative descriptive design. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT : Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 leaders working in RCFs in Sweden. Data were analysed using conventional content analysis. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. The participants received oral and written information about the study and gave written consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. FINDINGS : The overarching ethical challenge was Having to disregard the individual needs of the person in order to protect the group and society. This included (a) Protecting the group versus promoting the older person's autonomy; (b) Being forced to lead care based on uncertainty instead of evidence; (c) Striving to provide dignified care but lacking opportunities; and (d) Going far beyond ordinary duty and endangering one's own and the staff's health. DISCUSSION : The ethical challenges meant being torn between the person's individual needs and protecting the group and society, with clashing ethical principles as a consequence. CONCLUSIONS : The leaders faced ethical situations resulting in undignified and compromised person-centred care, which has implications for stakeholders and management who need to address the work conditions in RCFs.
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Anna-Carin, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical challenges in residential care facilities during COVID-19 : leaders’ perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : Sage Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Person-centred care is based on ethical principles, and it is regarded as high-quality care. Care of older persons should embrace person-centredness. During the pandemic, older persons were highlighted as a vulnerable group at risk of developing serious illness and/or suffering death from COVID-19. Several pandemic-related measures were introduced in residential care facilities (RCFs) to reduce this risk, which influenced the possibilities to lead and provide a person-centred care.Aim: This study’s aim was to explore ethical challenges in relation to person-centredness during the COVID-19 pandemic, from the perspective of leaders in RCFs.Research design: The study had a qualitative descriptive design.Participants and research context: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 leaders working in RCFs in Sweden. Data were analysed using conventional content analysis.Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. The participants received oral and written information about the study and gave written consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.Findings: The overarching ethical challenge was Having to disregard the individual needs of the person in order to protect the group and society. This included (a) Protecting the group versus promoting the older person’s autonomy; (b) Being forced to lead care based on uncertainty instead of evidence; (c) Striving to provide dignified care but lacking opportunities; and (d) Going far beyond ordinary duty and endangering one’s own and the staff’s health.Discussion: The ethical challenges meant being torn between the person’s individual needs and protecting the group and society, with clashing ethical principles as a consequence.Conclusions: The leaders faced ethical situations resulting in undignified and compromised person-centred care, which has implications for stakeholders and management who need to address the work conditions in RCFs.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Squires, Janet E., et al.
(författare)
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The Implementation in Context (ICON) Framework: A meta-framework of context domains, attributes and features in healthcare
- 2023
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Ingår i: Health Research Policy and Systems. - 1478-4505. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background There is growing evidence that context mediates the effects of implementation interventions intended to increase healthcare professionals’ use of research evidence in clinical practice. However, conceptual clarity about what comprises context is elusive. The purpose of this study was to advance conceptual clarity on context by developing the Implementation in Context Framework, a meta-framework of the context domains, attributes and features that can facilitate or hinder healthcare professionals’ use of research evidence and the effectiveness of implementation interventions in clinical practice.Methods We conducted a meta-synthesis of data from three interrelated studies: (1) a concept analysis of published literature on context (n = 70 studies), (2) a secondary analysis of healthcare professional interviews (n = 145) examining context across 11 unique studies and (3) a descriptive qualitative study comprised of interviews with heath system stakeholders (n = 39) in four countries to elicit their tacit knowledge on the attributes and features of context. A rigorous protocol was followed for the meta-synthesis, resulting in development of the Implementation in Context Framework. Following this meta-synthesis, the framework was further refined through feedback from experts in context and implementation science.Results In the Implementation in Context Framework, context is conceptualized in three levels: micro (individual), meso (organizational), and macro (external). The three levels are composed of six contextual domains: (1) actors (micro), (2) organizational climate and structures (meso), (3) organizational social behaviour (meso), (4) organizational response to change (meso), (5) organizational processes (meso) and (6) external influences (macro). These six domains contain 22 core attributes of context and 108 features that illustrate these attributes.Conclusions The Implementation in Context Framework is the only meta-framework of context available to guide implementation efforts of healthcare professionals. It provides a comprehensive and critically needed understanding of the context domains, attributes and features relevant to healthcare professionals’ use of research evidence in clinical practice. The Implementation in Context Framework can inform implementation intervention design and delivery to better interpret the effects of implementation interventions, and pragmatically guide implementation efforts that enhance evidence uptake and sustainability by healthcare professionals.
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| 7. |
- Wang, Gang, et al.
(författare)
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Spirometric phenotypes from early childhood to young adulthood : a Chronic Airway Disease Early Stratification study
- 2021
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Ingår i: ERJ Open Research. - : ERS Publications. - 2312-0541. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The prevalences of obstructive and restrictive spirometric phenotypes, and their relation to early-life risk factors from childhood to young adulthood remain poorly understood. The aim was to explore these phenotypes and associations with well-known respiratory risk factors across ages and populations in European cohorts.Methods: We studied 49334 participants from 14 population-based cohorts in different age groups (⩽10, >10–15, >15–20, >20–25 years, and overall, 5–25 years). The obstructive phenotype was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) z-score less than the lower limit of normal (LLN), whereas the restrictive phenotype was defined as FEV1/FVC z-score ⩾LLN, and FVC z-score Results: The prevalence of obstructive and restrictive phenotypes varied from 3.2–10.9% and 1.8–7.7%, respectively, without clear age trends. A diagnosis of asthma (adjusted odds ratio (aOR=2.55, 95% CI 2.14–3.04), preterm birth (aOR=1.84, 1.27–2.66), maternal smoking during pregnancy (aOR=1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.35) and family history of asthma (aOR=1.44, 95% CI 1.25–1.66) were associated with a higher prevalence of obstructive, but not restrictive, phenotype across ages (5–25 years). A higher current body mass index (BMI was more often observed in those with the obstructive phenotype but less in those with the restrictive phenotype (aOR=1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.06 and aOR=0.81, 95% CI 0.78–0.85, per kg·m−2 increase in BMI, respectively). Current smoking was associated with the obstructive phenotype in participants older than 10 years (aOR=1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.46).Conclusion: Obstructive and restrictive phenotypes were found to be relatively prevalent during childhood, which supports the early origins concept. Several well-known respiratory risk factors were associated with the obstructive phenotype, whereas only low BMI was associated with the restrictive phenotype, suggesting different underlying pathobiology of these two phenotypes.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andrighetto, Giulia, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in social norms during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across 43 countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of COVID-19 dramatically changed social behavior across societies and contexts. Here we study whether social norms also changed. Specifically, we study this question for cultural tightness (the degree to which societies generally have strong norms), specific social norms (e.g. stealing, hand washing), and norms about enforcement, using survey data from 30,431 respondents in 43 countries recorded before and in the early stages following the emergence of COVID-19. Using variation in disease intensity, we shed light on the mechanisms predicting changes in social norm measures. We find evidence that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased while tightness and punishing frequency slightly decreased but observe no evidence for a robust change in most other norms. Thus, at least in the short term, our findings suggest that cultures are largely stable to pandemic threats except in those norms, hand washing in this case, that are perceived to be directly relevant to dealing with the collective threat. Tightness-looseness theory predicts that social norms strengthen following threat. Here the authors test this and find that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased, but no evidence was observed for a robust change in most other norms.
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| 10. |
- Arm, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Gasbildning i aska
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Backman, Anna, 1974
(författare)
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'But dragons don't exist, do they?': Preschoolers' focus in determining whether a picturebook is a non-fiction or not
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Early Childhood Literacy. - 1468-7984.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preschoolers are offered few opportunities to become acquainted with non-fiction books, and when they are given the possibility to read non-fiction picturebooks, these are often fictionalised in one way or another. The fictionalisation of children's non-fiction blurs the boundaries between fiction and non-fiction picturebooks. This could mean that children's early opportunities to experience how different kinds of books, pictures and texts can be used and produced for different purposes are also blurred. Against this background, reading activities are designed in this study in which a group of five-year-olds is introduced to fiction and non-fiction picturebooks side by side. The study aims to contribute to an understanding of how children distinguish and experience different kinds of picturebooks when they are introduced to differences between them, and answers the research question: What is in focus when preschoolers determine whether a picturebook is a non-fiction or not? The analysis shows that the depiction (whether the picturebook depicts imaginary constructs or established knowledge) is in focus when preschoolers make this determination. This gives the children in the reading activities the opportunity to experience different kinds of picturebooks, but also to question whether non-fiction picturebooks depicting imaginary constructed ('made up') things, characters and events are non-fiction and to evaluate the reliability of such fictionalised non-fiction picturebooks.
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| 14. |
- Backman, A. C., et al.
(författare)
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Volatiles from apple (Malus domestica) eliciting antennal responses in female codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae): Effect of plant injury and sampling technique
- 2001
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0939-5075 .- 1865-7125. ; 56:04-mar, s. 262-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antennal responses of codling moth females, Cydia pomonella, to volatiles from apple branches with green fruits were recorded by electroantennography coupled to gas chromatography. The antennae strongly responded to 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, linalool, beta -caryophyllene, (E)-beta -farnesene, germacrene D, (Z,E)-alpha -farnesene, (E,E)-alpha -farnesene and methyl salicylate. These compounds were all present in volatile collections on Porapak Q from both living and cut branches. Analysis by the solid phase microextraction technique (SPME) showed that the emission of some electrophysiologically active compounds increased after branches had been cut, especially 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, linalool and (E,E)-alpha -farnesene. The identification of apple volatiles eliciting antennal responses is the first step towards the identification of compounds mediating host-finding and oviposition in codling moth females.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Backman, Anna, 1974
(författare)
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Fictionalised Non-fiction Picturebooks for Preschoolers: Children’s Responses to Imaginary Constructs in Designed Reading Activities
- 2022
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Ingår i: Children's Literature in Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0045-6713 .- 1573-1693.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contemporary non-fiction picturebooks for children are often fictionalised in one way or another. Many non-fiction picturebooks for children are thus hybrids between fiction and non-fiction but labelled as non-fiction for children and presented to children as non-fiction. Their purpose is to inform and teach, and at the same time entertain and elicit affective responses. To succeed in achieving this dual purpose, this study assumes that designed teaching can create opportunities to separate combined depictions in fictionalised non-fiction. The purpose of this study is to explore children’s responses to imaginary constructs in designed reading activities, and to answer what opens up for children when combined depictions in fictionalised non-fiction are separated and made discernible. This is studied in four reading activities with a teacher and six five-year-olds in a preschool setting, reading and discussing picturebooks about dinosaurs and their extinction. The analysis shows that when combined depictions in fictionalised non-fiction are separated by contrast, and thus made discernible as established knowledge and imaginary constructs, this opens up for the children’s interpretation, appreciation, and creation of imaginary constructs.
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| 19. |
- Backman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Functioning and quality of life in transition-aged youth on the autism spectrum – associations with autism symptom severity and mental health problems
- 2023
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Ingår i: Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. - 1750-9467 .- 1878-0237. ; 104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research notes difficulties in functioning and low quality of life (QoL) among transition-age youth on the autism spectrum, and poor mental health may contribute to these difficulties. This study examined the role of autism symptom severity and mental health problems on self-reported functioning and QoL in treatment-seeking transition-age autistic youth. The study included 140 autistic youth (16–25 years, M = 20.44 (SD = 2.95); n = 91 females [65%], n = 42 males [30%], n = 7 non-binary [5%]). We assessed functioning using a structured interview and QoL through a self-report questionnaire. Factors potentially associated with functioning and QoL were assessed using standardized self-report questionnaires of autism symptom severity, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and information from medical records. Participants reported functioning on the 90th percentile compared to general population norms, indicating significant disability, and also rated low overall QoL. Regression analysis showed that autism symptom severity and anxiety symptoms, and to some extent gender and having an ADHD diagnosis, explained 46% of the variance in overall functioning. Symptoms of anxiety and depression, and to a lesser extent, active friendship, explained 43% of the variance in QoL. Sampling limitations of the study include the overrepresentation of women and newly diagnosed participants. We highlight that functioning and QoL are multifactorial, necessitating a comprehensive assessment of transition-aged autistic youth, including mental health problems, to plan tangible interventions.
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| 20. |
- Backman, Anna
(författare)
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Interaction and adhesion at the interface between wood and paint, glue, lacquer measured with DMTA and SEM
- 2000
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present thesis was to study the interface between wood (Pinus sylvestis) and synthetic polymers such as glue, lacquer and paint. The weakest part of these interfaces is always the bond. The long-term properties of bonds between wood and an adherend are those which are interesting. If a good bond is achieved, the surface between wood and an adherend would be less susceptible to degradation. To achieve a good bond, the wood polymers and the adhering polymers must be compatible. The contact area between the substrate and an adherend should be as large as possible to give a high quantity of bonds. A large contact area also gives the possibility of adhesion through mechanical interlocking. The interaction between wood and glue and lacquer was studied with Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis. The interaction was correlated with adhesion properties observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) fractography. Dynamic mechanical properties of untreated wood in the tangential and radial direction was studied to have a knowledge of the wood polymers behaviour. The properties of the wood polymers was needed for evaluating the change in behaviour when wood was combined with glue and lacquer. It was shown that polymers interacting with the wood polymers experienced a higher free volume in contact with wood, thus decreasing the glass transition temperature of the synthetic polymers. This decrease was considered most probably to be due to the polymers being subjected to tensile forces developed during drying. The high level of interaction was correlated to high adhesion on the wood cell wall level. Two similar commercial polyurethane-alkyd lacquers showed interaction with wood, but a commercial polyvinyl acetate glue showed poor interaction and poor adhesion. The fracture surface between wood and paint in a 50-year-old window was studied with SEM, using backscattered electron image. The method makes it possible to analyse fracture surfaces and determine where the fracture occurrs. It could be used, as an indication of whether the weakest link in different paint/wood systems is the interface.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Backman, Annica, 1972-
(författare)
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Leadership : person-centred care and the work situation of staff in Swedish nursing homes
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Swedish nursing home managers, who constitute the empirical focus of this thesis, hold overall operational responsibility for the nursing homes, which includes the care of residents, direct care staff and work environment. Aged care organisations are also expected to provide person-centred care. Working towards a person-centred approach poses new demands and leads to challenges for leaders, and there is currently limited knowledge of what characterises leadership that promotes a person-centred approach. In addition, an ongoing demographic shift in the aged care workforce entails further challenges, as the proportion of professional workers is decreasing. Leading a healthy work environment is therefore important for ensuring and protecting staff health. Based on this, it is important to explore nursing home managers’ leadership in relation to person-centred care and the work situation of staff.Aim: The overall aim was to explore leadership in relation to person-centred care and the work situation of staff in Swedish nursing homes.Methods: This thesis is based on data from two data collections. First, it includes cross-sectional baseline data from a national inventory of health and care in Swedish nursing homes (SWENIS) collected in 2013-2014. The SWENIS dataset consists of a sample of staff n=3605 from 169 nursing homes in 35 municipalities, and nursing home managers n=191. The second data collection consists of 11 semi-structured interviews with 12 nursing home managers in highly person-centred nursing homes that already participated in SWENIS. Data were explored via descriptive statistics, simple and multiple regression analyses, and qualitative content analysis.Results: Leadership was positively associated with person-centred care and psychosocial climate. Highly rated leadership behaviors’ among nursing homes managers was characterized by experimenting with new ideas, controlling work closely, relying on his/her subordinates, coaching and giving direct feedback, and handling conflicts constructively. Leading person-centred care can be outlined by four leadership processes: embodying person-centred being and doing; promoting a person-centred atmosphere; maximizing person-centred team potential and optimising person-centred support structures. Leadership was also positively associated with social support and negatively associated with job strain. Further, the variation in leadership was to a very small extent explained by the nursing home managers’ educational qualification, operational form of the nursing home and the number of employees in a unit.Conclusions: All findings point in the same direction: that leadership, as it is characterized and measured in this thesis, is significantly associated with person-centred care provision as well as with the work situation of staff. This suggests that nursing managers have a central leadership role in developing and supporting person-centred care practices, and also in creating a healthy work environment. The results also highlight five specific leadership behaviours that are most characteristic of highly rated leadership, thereby adding concrete descriptions of behaviours to the literature on existing leadership theories. The findings also include four central processes for leading towards person-centred care in nursing homes. Taken together, it seems important for managers to translate the person-centred philosophy into actions and to promote an atmosphere pervaded by innovation and trust, in which cultural change is enhanced by positive cultural bearers. Utilizing the overall knowledge and competencies among staff and potentiating care teams was also considered important for leading person-centred care, along with optimising supportive structures for supporting and maintaining person-centred care. If aged care organisations are to be committed to person-centred care, an important implication seems to be to organise nursing homes in a way that allows nursing home managers to be close and present in clinical practice and actively lead towards person-centred care. The findings of this thesis contribute to our understanding of leadership in relation to person-centre care and the work situation of staff. These findings can be used in leadership educations and nursing curriculum. Longitudinal studies would be valuable for following leadership, person-centred care and the work situation of staff over time.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Backman, Anna, 1974
(författare)
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Med ljus på boksamtal om skugga
- 2018
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här är en variationsteoretisk studie som riktar fokus mot boksamtal om skugga i förskola. I förskola brukar inte läromedel och läroböcker användas, däremot förespråkas ofta barnböcker och berättelser för undervisning inom olika områden, bland annat för lärande om naturvetenskap. Studiens syfte är att beskriva hur fem barn tillsammans med en förskollärare samtalar om skugga med utgångspunkt i fyra barnböcker. I analys av boksamtalen besvaras (1.) hur barn erfar skugga i samtal om barnböckers innehåll. Resultatet visar att barnen i studiens boksamtal erfar skugga som påverkbar av någon eller något, som synbar med ljus och projiceringsyta, som hanterbar likt föremål, samt som självagerande med fiktiva förmågor. Analysen besvarade även (2.) vad som blir möjligt för barn att urskilja av skugga som ett ljusfenomen i boksamtalen. I resultatet synliggjordes vilka dimensioner av variation som öppnats, öppnas eller kan öppnas i boksamtalen, vilket förklarar varför synbarhet framträder som en aspekt för barnen att urskilja och varför längd och placering är aspekter av ljusfenomenet skugga som inte blir möjliga att urskilja för barnen. Utifrån studien blir det tydligt att vardagliga samtal om skugga utifrån barnböcker, inte är tillräckligt för att barnen ska erfara något nytt om skugga, vare sig det handlar om skugga som ett naturvetenskapligt, konstnärligt eller fiktivt fenomen. En slutsats som kan dras utifrån studiens resultat är att förståelsen för vad ett boksamtal innebär i förskola behöver omvärderas och kompletteras. Med utgångspunkt i att barnen på egen hand tar initiativ till att konkret undersöka sådant som de inte förstår utifrån barnböckerna i studien, föreslås undersökande boksamtal, det vill säga boksamtal där samtal och undersökningar integreras i målstyrda processer som syftar till utveckling och lärande. I undersökande boksamtal används undervisning för att vidga och fördjupa barns upplevelser och erfarenheter utifrån bilderböcker inom både fiktions- och faktagenren.
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| 25. |
- Backman, Anna, 1974
(författare)
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Shadow in children’s picturebooks: highlighting children’s perspectives
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Early Years Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0966-9760 .- 1469-8463. ; 32:1, s. 21-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents how five five-year-olds express different ways of experiencing the multifaceted phenomenon of shadow, when reading and listening to picturebooks about shadow in a Swedish preschool. This is studied with attention to children's perspectives on shadow as it appears in conversations about the picturebooks. The purpose of this study is to contribute knowledge about ways of experiencing shadow, foregrounded in children’s conversations about picturebooks, and answers the question ‘How do children experience shadow when discussing picturebooks about shadow?’ The results show that, in conversations about the picturebooks, the children express that they experience shadow as visible with light and projection surface, as manageable like tangible objects, as being influenced by someone or something, and as self-acting with fictional abilities. The children often express their experiencing shadow as related to experiences of shadow from their everyday lives, and less often as something fictional and aesthetic.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Backman, Anna
(författare)
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Transition-aged autistic youth : functioning, quality of life, and internet-delivered psychoeducation
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Transition-aged autistic youth, ranging from 16 to 25 years of age, often experience challenges in functioning and have a diminished quality of life (QoL). Several factors have been reported to be associated with these outcomes. However, limited studies have examined the self-reporting of transition-aged autistic youth regarding these outcomes, and few have analysed the specific impact of autistic traits and mental health problems on functioning and QoL. To enhance autism knowledge, promote active participation in healthcare, and improve QoL, psychoeducation is commonly recommended as an initial intervention following an autism diagnosis. Aims: The aim of study I was to investigate self-reported functioning and QoL in transition-aged autistic youth and to analyse the relative importance of associated factors on the two outcomes. The aims of studies II and III were to evaluate a new internet-delivered psychoeducative intervention (SCOPE) by investigating (1) feasibility, evaluating intervention completion, credibility and satisfaction (study II); and (2) the pragmatic effectiveness of SCOPE (study III). Methods: In study I, 140 transition-aged autistic youth were interviewed about their functioning and provided self-rating questionnaires about QoL. In addition, participants rated their autism symptom severity, symptoms of mental ill-health and answered a questionnaire on demographic details. We analysed functioning and QoL scores using descriptive statistics. We analysed associations between all variables, followed by entering the significant associations as independent variables into a linear regression model with either functioning or QoL as the dependent variable. In studies II and III, we evaluated SCOPE – containing eight autism-themed modules with weekly digital therapist support. For study II, we recruited n = 28 participants, aged 16-25 years. We evaluated feasibility through intervention completion rates, credibility using a self-report scale and satisfaction using module evaluations. We analysed preliminary effects regarding autism knowledge, symptoms of mental ill-health, life satisfaction and acceptance of diagnosis, collected at pre-, post-intervention and three-month follow-up. In study III we included n = 141 participants, aged 16-25 years, to be randomised according to 2:1:1 to SCOPE, self-study online of informative autism websites, or treatment as usual (TAU). The primary outcome of autism knowledge, and the secondary outcomes of symptoms of mental ill-health, QoL and acceptance of diagnosis were assessed at pre, post and follow-up. Results: In study I, participants reported low functioning, on the 90th percentile compared to general population norms, indicating significant disability, and rated low overall QoL. The predictors that contributed the most to functioning were autism symptom severity and symptoms of anxiety, followed by gender and ADHD-diagnosis. Meanwhile, higher QoL was predicted by fewer anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as having friendships but not by autism symptom severity. In study II we observed 79% completers, as well as good treatment credibility and treatment satisfaction. Additionally, autism knowledge was increased post-intervention. These results were supported by findings in study III, where we found that SCOPE and self-study, but not TAU, increased autism knowledge post-intervention (primary outcome). However, the self-study participants' knowledge scores returned to baseline at the three-month follow-up. SCOPE participants had increased autism knowledge at follow-up compared to self-study and TAU, and the increase in knowledge was not coupled with significant changes in mental health problems. SCOPE participants reported improved QoL (secondary outcome) at post-intervention and three-month follow-up compared to both control conditions. Conclusions: We highlight that functioning and QoL are predicted by several factors, necessitating a comprehensive assessment of transition-aged autistic youth, including information about autism traits and mental health problems, to plan tangible interventions. The SCOPE trials suggest that the internet-delivered psychoeducational intervention SCOPE is a feasible first-line intervention in terms of treatment completion. Further, SCOPE could increase youths’ autism knowledge and improve QoL.
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| 28. |
- Backman, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Transport properties of uniaxially oriented aliphatic polyketone
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Polymer Science Part B. - : Wiley. - 0887-6266 .- 1099-0488. ; 42:6, s. 947-955
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water-transport properties of a uniaxially oriented aliphatic polyketone were determined. The polyketone was drawn to 5-10 times its original length. The transport properties were related to changes in crystallinity estimated by differential scanning calorimetry and density measurements and by changes in the molecular and crystal orientation assessed by, respectively, infrared and X-ray spectroscopy. The film structures were characterized by confocal scanning laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Stress-strain tests on the drawn specimens enabled the impacts of orientation on the transport and mechanical properties to be compared. A draw-induced increase in crystallinity and molecular orientation yielded permeabilities at a draw ratio of 10 that were 30-40% of the original value, and the percentage decrease was basically independent of the type of gas/vapor molecule. Also, the diffusivities of oxygen and carbon dioxide decreased by an order of magnitude. The fact that the amorphous permeability was peaking at a draw ratio of about 5 was a consequence of a peak in amorphous solubility, which was very high for oxygen and absent for water. It was suggested that the peak in solubility was mainly caused by the destruction of the polymer hydrogen-bond network during drawing and crystal reorientation. The impact of structural reorganization within the polymer and presence of surface valleys seemed to have less impact on the mechanical properties than on the transport properties. This suggested that transport data are more sensitive than mechanical data in probing material defects and changes in molecular packing and morphology.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Backman, Anna, 1974
(författare)
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When the Sun is Out of the Picture: Exploring a Variation Theory Key to Children's Imagination in a Picturebook Reading Activity
- 2023
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Ingår i: EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION JOURNAL. - 1082-3301 .- 1573-1707.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to explore a theoretical idea in relation to a body of empirical material from a reading activity involving a picturebook on shadow. The theoretical idea, sprung from variation theory, entails children's discernment through synchronic simultaneity as a key to their ability to imagine. To explore this idea, an analysis has been conducted on how 5-year-olds, in words and actions, express themselves in a reading activity involving The Black Rabbit (Leathers, 2014) in regard to discerning and imagining about shadow as a light phenomenon. Vygotsky describes children's previous experiences as a key to their ability to imagine. The results of this study imply that children's discernment in the moment, with synchronic simultaneity, appears to be another key that unlocks their ability to imagine explicit depictions in a picturebook. The results also show that when children's discernment with both synchronic and diachronic simultaneity (i.e., discernment in the moment and before the moment) is missing, their ability to imagine remains untapped, as none of the keys to their imagination, which might unlock their ability to imagine implicit depictions in a picturebook, are used.
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| 31. |
- Backman Bister, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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A Prima Vista : Möjligheter och utmaningar med praktiknära forskningsprojekt i musikpedagogik
- 2021. - 1
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Antologin A prima vista är ett resultat av ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Eskilstuna kommun och Kungl. Musikhögskolan för att bedriva praktiknära forskning i musikundervisning. Projektet är utöver resurser från de båda parterna, delfinansierat av den nationella satsningen på praktiknära forskning, ULF-avtal, via Uppsala universitet.Texterna i antologin behandlar praktiknära forskning på två olika nivåer. För det första presenteras de fyra olika delprojekt som genomförts som mindre forskningsprojekt där en lärare från Eskilstuna kommun genomfört ett praktiknära forskningsprojekt tillsammans med en forskare från Kungl. Musikhögskolan. Dessa projekt handlar om teman som bland annat berör ledarskap, musikdidaktik, digitalisering och normkritik. På en övergripande nivå analyseras och diskuteras samarbetsprojektet från olika infallsvinklar. Bland annat dis- kuteras praktiknära forskningsprojekt i relation till definitioner och terminologi, syfte och funktion, etiska aspekter, att organisera för praktiknära forskning samt praktiska utmaningar och vinster med deltagande i praktiknära forskningsprojekt. I anslutning till denna övergripande nivå har lärarna själva skrivit ett kapitel i boken utifrån sina perspektiv. Vidare har rektorer, administrativ personal och ansvariga chefer fått komma till tals för att redogöra för sina perspektiv.Sammanfattningsvis spänner denna antologi över ett stort antal olika aspekter av praktiknära forskning som vi hoppas kan bidra till att inspirera till att initiera och utveckla liknande praktiknära forskningsprojekt.
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| 32. |
- Backman Bister, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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A Prima Vista – Possibillities and Challenges with Practice-based Research in Music Education
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2017 the Swedish Government commissioned four Universities to plan and execute a project aiming to develop and test different models for long-term collaboration between Universities and Colleges and heads of Schools concerning practice-based research (Utbildningsdepartementet, 2018). This should be seen in the light of the decree in the Swedish education act from 2010, that declares that the Swedish compulsory school shall be founded in scientific basis and proven experience (SFS 2010:800; Norrestam & Alfredson, 2018).These four Universities became the core of a practice-based test project between Higher Education and School, called ULF (Utbildning, Lärande, Forskning) [in English ELR, Education, Learning, Research]. The four Universities have collaborated with other Universities and Colleges and formed four hubs in the ULF project network. The Royal College of Music (RCM) in Stockholm has been a part of the project through the hub administrated by Uppsala University. The trial period ends in 2021, and throughout the period RCM has been conducting four practice-based research projects where music teachers in the compulsory school have worked together with researchers from the college in pairs and in one case in a trio, researching areas that have been identified by the music teachers as important for them in their daily work. These research areas have been: Leadership in the music-classroom; Interventions for musical knowledge development and participation; Music education and digitalization; and Norm-critical music education.Five music teachers and four researchers together have developed multifaceted knowledge concerning, of course, the research areas of interest, but also about matters concerning arrangements supporting practice-based research. This could be called incidental findings, but we argue that these areas of interest may, in fact be part of the main findings, of the study made by the RCM, as well as of the main project nationally. The results are presented in an anthology called “A Prima Vista” which will be completed in January 2021.In the symposia we would like to present results and further discuss:- How to define practice-based research? The definition of the term practice-based or practice-conducted research is not an easy on to make?- The ethical codex for conducting studies that include humans, is in Sweden not updated to adequately meet the special issues that arises when practicing teachers are partaking in research that their head of the school department is engaged in. This concerns i.e., the matter of anonymization and bias.- How do one practically take on the task of practice-based research? Little is written in Sweden on organizational matters. Our project has shown that issues like schedules, access to resources, and substitute teachers are just a few of many pressing organizational matters.- Findings from the collaborative part-studies. References Norrestam S. & Alfredsson, S. (2018). Skola på vetenskaplig grund. Hur LUnd gör BFL/BFFL. I Vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet, (s 29–38) VBE- programmet, Lund.SFS 2010:800. Skollagen. Stockholm, Utbildningsdepartementet.Utbildningsdepartementet. (2017). Uppdrag om försöksverksamhet med praktiknära forskning. Utbildningsdepartementet. Diarienummer: U2015/03573/UH, U2017/01129/UH.
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| 33. |
- Backman-Bister, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Musikundervisning i grundsärskolan : en pilotstudie för att kartlägga behovet av praxisutvecklande forskning
- 2020
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Ingår i: Book of abstracts. ; , s. 77-78
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- I vårt bidrag presenterar vi ett pilotprojekt som vi genomfört med tre musiklärare i grundsärskolan inför en forskningsansökan. Projektet syftade till att undersöka förutsättningarna för ett praktikutveckande forskningsprojekt och vägleda inriktning och design av projektet. Innan pilotprojektet inleddes genomförde vi en kartläggning av tidigare forskning. Litteratursökningen gjordes dels via en internationell forskningsdatabas, dels via manuella sökningar i ett urval vetenskapliga tidskrifter inom det musikpedagogiska och det specialpedagogiska forskningsfältet. Av totalt 118 artiklar som inkluderades i ett första steg fann vi att musikämnet och musikundervisningen har hamnat i bakgrunden i tidigare forskning om musik och elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. En första kategorisering av studierna visar att de har följande fokus: 1. Musik som stöd för något annat och 2. Musikterapi i syfte att utveckla kommunikativt beteende. För kategori 1 identifierade vi vidare fyra underkategorier. Ingen av artiklarna hade ett ämnesdidaktiskt fokus. De som undervisar i musik i grundsärskolan är ofta antingen musiklärare utan utbildning för grundsärskolan eller speciallärare/specialpedagoger utan utbildning i musik. Dessutom förekommer det lärare som varken är utbildade för särskolan eller för musik. Under läsåret 2019/20 uppgick andelen musiklärare med lärarlegitimation och behörighet i musik till 9,3% (https://siris.skolverket.se). Av internationell forskning framgår att lärarnas kompetens för musikundervisning för elever med IF är snarlik (Darrow 2017). Det saknas en nationell utvärdering av musikämnet i grundsärskolan – en demokratibrist jämfört med grundskolan. Att få uttrycka sig på flera olika sätt, även med olika estetiska uttrycksformer, kan idag ses som en demokratisk rättighet, Ferm Almqvist (2016) och Saether (2008) betonar behovet av en inkluderande musikundervisning där eleverna möter musikvärlden och kan erövra ett kulturellt medborgarskap (jfr FNs konventioner om barns rättigheter och konvention om rättigheter för personer med funktionsnedsättning). Carlson (2013) använder uttrycket musical becoming för att betona möjligheten att få uttrycka sig musikaliskt, särskilt för personer med komplicerad språklig kommunikation, och för att påvisa att det kan ta form på olika sätt – som musikkonsument, eller som (med)skapare av musik. Pilotstudie: Med ovan nämnda utgångspunkter kontaktades några musiklärare i grundsärskolan om medverkan i en pilotstudie inför en projektansökan. Tre musiklärare i olika delar av Sverige tackade ja. Pilotstudien planerades bestå av två delar: observation av 1-2 lektioner med efterföljande intervju. Under vt 2020 genomfördes en observation och intervju IRL medan två intervjuer genomfördes via Zoom. Resultat från pilotstudien och kartläggningen är följande: 1. Gemensamma förutsättningar för musikundervisningen var att lärarna saknade ett kollegialt sammanhang där de specifikt kunde diskutera grundsärskolans musikundervisning. 2. organisationen av undervisningen, liksom 3. lokalerna där musikundervisningen genomfördes, utgick från grundskolans snarare än grundsärskolans elever. Vi frågade även om lärarnas innehållsliga fokus utifrån de fyra teman som anges i det centrala innehållet i kursplanen, Lsär11 (Skolverket 2018). 4. Gemensamt för lärarna var att temat musicerande återkom som huvudfokus i samtliga intervjuer medan temat ämnesspecifika begrepp gavs en underordnad plats. Vår slutsats är att projektet bör inledas med en kartläggning av lärarnas nuvarande musikundervisningspraktiker som ingång till en Change Laboratory, modell för formativ studie (Virkkunen & Newnham 2013). Data analyseras tillsammans med lärarna för att ligga till underlag för design av iterativt prövande utifrån det lärarna ser som viktigt att förändra för att åstadkomma en musikundervisning som ger förutsättningar för kulturellt medborgarskap och musical becoming.
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| 34. |
- Backman Bister, Anna, 1976-
(författare)
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Spelets regler : En studie av ensembleundervisning i klass
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to explore criteria characterizing music teacher’s strategies when trying to adapt their teaching to individual students. The interaction of three music teachers with their students was explored in case studies in different parts of Sweden (a pre-study, and the main study consisting of two parallel studies). The research interest especially concerns teaching class ensemble addressing teenagers in the tuition provided under the curriculum of Swedish secondary and upper secondary school. This study adopts the perspective of cultural psychology according to which learning is understood as being relational, taking place in a cultural context, depending on available cultural resources and affected by it. Cultural tools are considered mediators of meaning and crucial for learning. Of special interest to the present study are the ways in which teachers distribute knowledge to their students.Many-sided data were collected in all case studies: series of lessons were observed and video-documented; preliminary results were followed up in semi-structured interviews with the teachers, respectively.The results show similarities in the use of general strategies; e.g. peer-teaching and -learning in the classroom and flexibility in using and developing cultural tools. Results also show three diverging practices; rehearsal-room practice, supervisor-practice and ensemble-leading-practice.The results are discussed from a societal perspective, in light of Swedish School history. Issues concerning the government of the School and equivalence are addressed. An unexpected result is that the concept “individually adapted ensemble teaching” may be understood very differently among music teachers actively involved in teachers’ education. The need for development of professional concepts is further underlined by the findings that teachers develop new cultural tools within different practices. This is discussed related to the framing of the central curricula.
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| 35. |
- Backman Bister, Anna, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Uppfattningar om musikundervisningen i grundsärskolan.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lärarnas forskningskonferens 2022. ; , s. 41-42
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uppfattningar om musikundervisningen i grundsärskolanAnna Backman Bister, Kungliga musikhögskolan, Diana Berthén, Stockholms universitet och Viveca Lindberg, Stockholms universitetBakgrund, syfte och frågeställningar: I vårt bidrag presenterar vi en intervjustudie med sex musiklärare i grundsärskolan. Syftet är att undersöka hur lärarna beskriver sin undervisning för denna elevgrupp.Vikten av undervisning där elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF) får möta estetiska uttrycksmedel och ges möjlighet att erövra ett kulturellt medborgarskap betonas av flera forskare (jfr Ferm Almqvist, 2016; Sæther, 2008). FN:s barnkonvention om barnets rättigheter, samt FN:s konvention om rättigheter för personer med funktionsnedsättning, betonar att personer med IF har rätt att ta plats som fullvärdiga medlemmar av samhället, inte bara för sin egen skull utan också för att berika samhället. Denna rättighet speglas också i skollagen.Det finns ett fåtal internationella studier med fokus på musikundervisning för elever med intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar (IF). Dessa har antingen undersökt undervisning i integrerade klasser, där elever med IF undervisas tillsammans med elever utan IF, eller så är studierna gjorda i relation till musikterapi. Flera av dem är fallstudier baserade på enskilda barn eller ungdomar. Nationellt saknas såväl studier som utvärderingar av musikundervisning i grundsärskolan (Berthén, Backman Bister, Lindberg, accepterad för publikation). Resultatet av vår forskningsöversikt av musikundervisning i grundsärskolan (Berthén, Backman Bister, Lindberg, accepterad för publikation) visar närmast att musiklärarna försöker hantera en situation de oftast saknar kunskaper om och erfarenheter av (Berthén, Backman Bister, Lindberg, accepterad för publikation).Forskningsfrågan för vårt bidrag är vilka uppfattningar musiklärare i Sverige har av musikundervisningen för elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning och förutsättningarna för denna undervisning i grundsärskolan? Vi har inspirerats av Carlson (2013), som använder uttrycket musical becoming för att betona möjligheten att få uttrycka sig musikaliskt, särskilt för personer med komplicerad språklig kommunikation, och för att påvisa att det kan ta form på olika sätt – som musikkonsument, eller som (med)skapare av musik.Urval och metod: En inbjudan till ett flertal musiklärare skickades ut via den ena forskarens nätverk. Urvalskriterierna var att lärarna skulle ha lärarbehörighet och att de skulle vara aktivt verksamma som musiklärare i grundsärskolan. När det gäller lärarsituationen i grundsärskolan saknas ofta den dubbla kompetens som krävs, dvs musiklärarutbildning och speciallärarutbildning för elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF). Under läsåret 2020/21 uppgick andelen musiklärare med lärarlegitimation och behörighet i musik i grundsärskolan till 6,3 % (https://siris.skolverket.se).Semistrukturerade tematiska intervjuer genomfördes utifrån tre teman. Varje intervju inleddes med frågor som riktades mot lärarens upplevda didaktiska utveckling och faktorer som påverkat denna (jfr life-storytraditionen, Dunpath & Samuel 2009), därefter följde frågor41gällande de förutsättningar respektive skola erbjöd för musikundervisning i grundsärskola. Avslutningsvis ställde vi frågor om lärarnas musikundervisning baserat på kursplanen i musik för grundsärskolan. Medan den första intervjun genomfördes på en av de deltagande lärarnas skola, kom övriga intervjuer att genomföras på Zoom på grund av pandemin. Samtliga lärare informerades om syftet med studien och gav sitt medgivande till att intervjuerna spelades in. Ljudinspelningarna transkriberades och utgör vårt datamaterial. Intervjuerna analyseras fenomenografiskt (se Marton, 1994) för att urskilja återkommande skillnader i mönster av uppfattningar i intervjuerna.Resultatet förväntas bidra med utgångspunkter för en kommande interventionsstudie i grundsärskolans musikundervisning.ReferenserDunpath, R. & Samuel, M. (2009). Life History Research. Epistemology, Methodology and Representation. Sense Publishers.Carlson, L. (2013). Musical becoming: Intellectual disability and the transformative power of music. I: M. Wappett & K. Arndt (eds.) Foundations of Disability Studies (83-103). Palgrave Macmillan.Ferm Almqvist, C. (2016). Cultural Citizenship through aesthetic communication in Swedish schools. European Journal of Philosophy in Arts Education, 1(1), 68-95.Marton, F. (1994). Phenomenography. I T. Husén & T. N. Postlethwaite (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Education. 2. ed, Vol 8, 4424–4429. Pergamon.Saether, E. (2008). When minorities are the majority: voices from a teacher/researcher project in a multicultural school in Sweden. Research Studies in Music Education, 30(1), 25–42.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Backman, Christel, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Online privacy in job recruitment processes? Boundary work among cybervetting recruiters
- 2019
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Ingår i: New technology, work and employment. - : Wiley. - 0268-1072 .- 1468-005X. ; 34:2, s. 157-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses various ways that cybervetting recruiters (re)construct boundaries around the public–private division. Based on interviews with 37 recruiters in Sweden, we show how the practice of cybervetting is legitimised by the recruiters’ descriptions and accounts in relation to various notions of privacy and norms of information flow. We present this as a boundary work aided by especially two ways of framing information: the repertoire about accessible information and the repertoire of relevant information. These repertoires help define what information can be conceived of as public or private, and as legitimate versus unethical to search for and to use. Privacy is framed by employers as a responsibility, rather than a right, for social network site users. The findings also underline similarities and differences in jobseekers’ and employers’ norms of information flow, not least considering the right to online privacy.
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| 39. |
- Backman, Christel, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Professional talk on cybervetting: Accounting for a contested practise
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Sociologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0001-6993 .- 1502-3869. ; 66:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even though recruiters’ practise of searching for information online during recruitment and selection has been a contested practise, owing to the risk of discrimination and privacy intrusions as well as poor evidence for its ability to predict work performance, it is used in recruitment. In this article, our aim is to understand how ‘professional talk’ is used as a discursive resource to legitimize contested practises such as the practise of cybervetting by recruiters. The study is based on interviews with 37 recruiters in Sweden, all of whom had experience of cybervetting jobseekers. We found that professional talk was linked to objectivity and being unemotional, having knowledge about recruitment methods and the ability to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information. In relation to the theory on professional talk, our study contributes with empirical evidence for the normative function of professional talk. Using cybervetting, as a case of legitimizing controversial practises, we provide a theoretical contribution to the theory on professional talk by illustrating how professional talk not only fills a disciplinary function by restraining a practise but also by enabling, legitimizing and providing discursive frames for how it can be performed.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Backman, Christel, et al.
(författare)
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Stereotyper och brytbilder i yrkesbeskrivande text och film
- 2014
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Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 20:3, s. 54-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Den sociala stratifikationen på arbetsmarknaden reproduceras i hög grad genom sociala representationer och stereotyper av lämpliga och typiska utövare av olika yrken. Möjligheten att förändra den segregerade arbetsmarknaden påverkas därför av hur yrken skildras i exempelvis vägledningsmaterial. I artikeln granskas Arbetsförmedlingens yrkesbeskrivningar och vi visar hur materialet såväl upprätthåller som bryter mot yrkesmässiga stereotyper utifrån genus, klass och etnicitet.
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| 42. |
- Backman, Christel, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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The Job-Seeker and the Data Double: How Employers use Information Seeking on the Internet in the Recruitment Process and its Consequences for Interaction with the Job Seeker
- 2014
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Ingår i: Paper for ISA World Congress of Sociology, Yokohama 13-19 July 2014: RC42 Social Psychology: Social Interaction..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the past years it has become increasingly more common for employers to search the internet for information on job-candidates, creating a situation where the interaction between the job-seeker and the employer becomes influenced by the information that the employer have retrieved from the internet. In this paper we ask how employers interact with this “data double” and how the data double influences the interaction between the employer and the job-seeker. The study was conducted through qualitative interviews with employers from the private as well as the public sector in Sweden. The different types of information packages that an employer takes part of during a recruitment process can be understood by Goffman’s concept of roles. A person uses a number of different roles in daily life, no one more “authentic” than the other, but always more or less trustworthy in regard to the context of the performance. One can therefore understand the recruitment process as a process of evaluating if the candidate is likely to be able to deliver the role that the employment carries with it in a trustworthy manner. By using information from the internet, employers may come to see job-seekers in their other roles and in setting that can be characterised as front- as well as backstage, and job-seekers will be evaluated based on whether or not these roles are perceived as compatible with the role of being an employee in the organisation in question. This evaluation process also involves a dimension of risk-management since the job-seekers are categorized and pre-screened in order to avoid any negative consequences for the hiring organization. The interaction and examination of the data doubles are therefore framed as a ‘suspicious awareness context.’
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| 43. |
- Backman, Christel, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Will your Facebook profile get you hired? Employers use of information seeking online during the recruitment process
- 2014
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Ingår i: Paper presented at The 6th Biannual Surveillance and Society Conference, April 24-26, 2014, Barcelona, Spain..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the past years it has become increasingly more common for employers to check up job-seekers online, using a search engine, specific databases or social media. In this way employers may add information about specific parts of the job-seeker’s past, such as criminal records, or try to capture the job-seeker’s “data double”. Previous research on online behaviour in general and social media in particular, has focused on the data subjects online action, how privacy settings are used and if online behaviour is modified depending on potential data gathering by outsiders. In this paper we turn our attention to the ones who gather this type of data and use it as access control for employment. Our aim is to examine how employers interpret the data they find and to what extent it influences the recruitment process and the decision to hire or not hire a candidate. We present findings from a pilot study consisting of ten qualitative interviews with employers who use search engines to find additional data on job-seekers. In the paper we discuss the different ways in which information gathering on Internet is used, how it affects the recruitment process, how employers relate the “data double” to the identity presented by the job-seeker, and how ethical dilemmas are handled by the employers. We also discuss the ethical implementations of moving data from one context to another were it may be interpreted according to different norms, and show how this form of surveillance can be either beneficial or discriminatory for the subject depending on the information found and what the employer perceive as important aspects for the organisation.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Peer-assessment of technical and tactical skillsin invasion games - possibilities and limitations?
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inom idrottslärarutbildning har detutbildningsinnehåll som handlar om att utveckla studenters ämneskunskaper iidrott kraftigt reducerats under de senaste decennierna. Inte minst har den delav ämneskunskapen som handlar om studenters förmåga att delta i och undervisaom idrottsliga praktiker drabbats (Kirk 2010). När utrymmet för ett ämnesområdebegränsas aktualiseras frågor om innehåll och bedömning. Alltmedan de flestainom fältet är eniga om betydelsen för studenter att få erfarenheter av rörelseoch idrott under sin utbildning finns olika uppfattningar om huruvida man skabedöma studenters förmåga att praktiskt utöva idrott. Hur man förhåller sigdenna fråga har i hög grad visat sig vara kulturellt betingat (Backman &Pearson submitted, Herold & Waring 2009, Siedentop 2009, Tinning 2010). Isvensk idrottslärarutbildning har just den idrottsliga bedömningens vara ellerinte vara visat på en komplexitet och ambivalens (Backman & Pearson 2016).I en tid av alltmer begränsade resurser har problematiken delvis handlat omhuruvida man ska bedöma (och därigenom värdera) studentens förmåga att delta iidrott som ett mål i sig eller om man ska bedöma studentens förmåga attundervisa i och om idrott (Backman & Larsson 2016, Maivorsdotter et al2014). I de studier som belyst den idrottsliga färdighetens position ochbetydelse inom idrottslärarutbildning har studenters röst varit sparsamtförekommande. I denna studie vill vi därför, genom en implementering av eninternationellt etablerad modell för studentmedbedömning i bollspel (GamesPerformance Assessment Instrument, GPAI) (Oslin et al 1998) i kurser förblivande idrottslärare, ge röst åt studenters syn på studentbedömning avförmågan att spela bollspel. I studien har 140 studenter (N=140) pålärarprogrammet vidGymnastik- och idrottshögskolan i Stockholm deltagit. Studien är genomförd inom ramen för en ordinarie bollspelskurs om 3 hp som motsvarar 18 lektionstillfällen med 90 minuters undervisning vid varje tillfälle. Till detta lades två extra lektioner om 90 min för att genomföra studien/datainsamlingen. Studenterna har under och efter kursen bidragit till datainsamlingen i kursen genom ifyllande av etablerade bedömningsformulär där de analyserat varandras spelförmåga. Vidare har studenterna svarat på en utvärdering av hur GPAI implementerats i kursen med hjälp av ett enkätverktyg. Syftet med kursen som studenterna deltagit i är att studenterna ska utveckla sin spelförmåga, leda målspel i skolan samt didaktiska aspekter på målspel i skolan. Studien har omfattat studentmedbedömning i spelen handboll, basket och fotboll som inte enbart ska ses som en utbildning i dessa spel utan som representation för bollspel i allmänhet. Deltagarna i studien representerar alla studenter som hösten 2016 läste den beskrivna kursen. Alla studenter fick information om att deltagandet var frivilligt och att de kunde avbryta när som helst utan att det skulle på verka deras betyg eller vara negativt för dem på något annat sätt. Alla studenter ville vara med i studien. I vår preliminära analys har vi funnit att studenternas observationer av varandra visade på stor variation avseende spelförmåga. I utvärderingen av GPAI-projektet har studenterna uttryckt att de visserligen förstod syftet med GPAI-projektet, och att de förstod hur de skulle bidra till datainsamlingen genom att analysera varandras spelförmåga, men att de var tveksamma till relevansen av GPAI i en bedömningskontext i skolan. Resultaten kommer att analyseras vidare och diskuteras i relation till Shulmans begrepp ämneskunskap (Content Knowledge) och ämnesdidaktisk kunskap (Pedagogical Content Knowledge) samt i relation till teorier om bedömning. I en diskussion där perspektiven ofta begränsas till forskarens och/eller idrottslärarutbildarens kan studenter bidra med viktig kunskap om vad de ser som relevant kunskap för sin kommande yrkesroll. Referenser Backman, E & Pearson, P (submitted) Is movement knowledge common, specialized or pedagogic? Voices of teacher educators on assessment of movement and sport courses in the preparation of Australian HPE teachers. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. Backman, E & Pearson, P (2016) “We should assess the students in more authentic situations”. Swedish PE teacher educators’ views of the meaning of movement skills for future PE teachers. European Physical Education Review. 22(1), 47-64. Backman, E & Larsson, H (2016) What should a Physical Education teacher know? An analysis of learning outcomes for future Physical Education teachers in Sweden. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. 21(2), 185-200. Herold F and Waring M (2009) Pre-service physical education teachers’ perceptions of subject knowledge: Augmenting learning to teach. European Physical Education Review 15(3): 337–364. Kirk D (2010) Physical Education Futures. Abingdon: Routledge. Oslin, J.L., S.A. Mitchell, & L.L. Griffin. (1998). The Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI): Development and preliminary validation. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 17(2) p. 231–243. Siedentop D (2009) Content Knowledge for Physical Education. In: Bailey R and Kirk D (eds) The Routledge Physical Education Reader. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 243-253.Tinning R (2010) Pedagogy and human movement: theory,practice, research. Abingdon: Routledge.
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| 46. |
- Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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"Things that are taken from one culture don't necessarily work well in another culture." Investigating epistemological tensions through preservice teachers' views on the assessment of a games course in Swedish PETE
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cogent Education. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 2331-186X. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a part of the discussion about how movement knowledge is valued in physical education teacher education (PETE), issues of assessment have been brought to the fore. Studies have shown that how and when movement knowledge is assessed is strongly culturally dependent and based different epistemological orientations. The aim of this paper is to analyse and discuss how preservice teachers in Sweden perceive assessment in an invasion games course according to the games performance assessment instrument (GPAI). The empirical material presented in this study is based on a web-survey carried out at the end of the invasion games course where the participants were asked to write comments of how the experienced GPAI and its relevance in school physical education. The findings suggest that the preservice teacher experience prediction and measurement of appropriate and non-appropriate behaviours in GPAI as problematic from a didactic perspective. The ideas of "correctness" and "appropriateness", which are fundamental in GPAI, is discussed in the relation to the socially critical constructivist epistemology that underpins Swedish PETE.
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| 47. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Level of Education Modifies Asthma Mortality in Norway and Sweden. The Nordic EpiLung Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ASTHMA AND ALLERGY. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1178-6965. ; 17, s. 209-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim: The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), asthma and mortality is complex and multifaceted, and it is not established if educational level modifies the association between asthma and mortality. The aim was to study the association between asthma and mortality in Sweden and Norway and to what extent educational level modifies this association. Participants and Methods: Within the Nordic EpiLung Study, >56,000 individuals aged 30-69 years participated in population -based surveys on asthma and associated risk factors in Sweden and Norway during 2005-2007. Data on educational level and 10-year all -cause mortality were linked by national authorities. The fraction of mortality risk attributable to asthma was calculated, and Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for mortality related to asthma, stratified by educational level. Results: In total, 5.5% of all deaths was attributed to asthma. When adjusted for potential confounders, the HR for mortality related to asthma was 1.71 (95% CI 1.52-1.93). Those with primary level of education had higher hazard of all -cause death related to asthma than those with tertiary level (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.48-2.18, vs HR 1.39, 95% CI 0.99-1.95). Conclusion: Asthma was associated with an overall 71% increased all -cause mortality and 5.5% of deaths can be attributed to asthma. Educational levels modified the risk of mortality associated with asthma, with the highest risk among those with primary education.
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| 48. |
- Backman, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory symptoms as risk factors for mortality – the Nordic EpiLung Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 56:Suppl 64
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Little is known on associations between respiratory symptoms and mortality.Aim: To study whether respiratory symptoms are risk factors for all-cause, respiratory, cardiovascular (CV), and cancer mortality in Sweden and Norway.Methods: In 1995-1997, population samples (20-69y) were surveyed about respiratory symptoms, and n=7,104 (85.3% of invited, median age 45y) and n=54,240 (70.1%, 44y) participated within the OLIN Studies in Northern Sweden and the HUNT Study in Norway. Mortality was studied until December 31st 2015. Hazard ratios (HR) for associations between respiratory symptoms and mortality were estimated by Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, educational level, and smoking habits.Results: The cumulative 20-year mortality was 14.5% in OLIN and 12.6% in HUNT. Dyspnea (mMRC grade≥2) (HR 1.9, 95%CI 1.6-2.2 in OLIN and 1.6, 1.5-1.7 in HUNT), chronic productive cough (1.5, 1.3-1.8 and 1.5, 1.3-1.6), and wheeze (1.3, 1.1-1.5 and 1.3, 1.2-1.4) were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. Women reported dyspnea and wheeze more frequently than men in both countries, but the association with mortality was similar in both sexes. Causes of death were studied in OLIN, where dyspnea associated with increased risk of respiratory (3.6, 2.1-6.1), CV (2.1, 1.6-2.7), and cancer (1.3, 1.0-1.8) mortality. Chronic productive cough was associated with increased risk of respiratory (2.4, 1.3-4.3) and cancer (1.6, 1.2-2.2) mortality, while wheeze was associated with increased risk of respiratory (3.5, 2.1-5.7) and CV (1.3, 1.0-1.6) mortality.Conclusions: Common respiratory symptoms were similarly associated with increased risk of mortality in adults in Sweden and Norway.
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| 49. |
- Backman, Rainer, et al.
(författare)
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Metalliskt aluminium i förbränningen : Metallic aluminum in combustion
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet har visat att det är mycket svårt att få tunn aluminiumfolie, som normalt finns i bl.a. hushållsavfall, att oxidera oberoende av tid, temperatur och förbränningsatmosfärens sammansättning. Vidare har svävhastighetsmätningar visat att tunn plastbelagd aluminiumfolie lätt kan ryckas med rökgaserna vid normala rökgashastigheter (1-5 m/s).
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| 50. |
- Backman Rogers, Anna, 1981
(författare)
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A dialogue with Julia Peirone
- 2019
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Ingår i: Mai : feminism & visual culture. - 2003-167X. ; :3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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