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1.	James, Anna, et al. (författare) The influence of aspirin on release of eoxin C4, leukotriene C4 and 15-HETE, in eosinophilic granulocytes isolated from patients with asthma 2013 Ingår i: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 162:2, s. 135-42 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: The effect of aspirin on the release of key arachidonic acid metabolites in activated eosinophils from subjects with aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) has not been investigated previously, despite the characteristic eosinophilia in AIA. Methods: Peripheral blood eosinophils were isolated from four groups of subjects: healthy volunteers (HV; n = 8), mild asthma (MA; n = 8), severe asthma (SA; n = 9) and AIA (n = 7). In the absence or presence of lysine-aspirin, eosinophils were stimulated with arachidonic acid or calcium ionophore to trigger the 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathways, respectively. 15(S)-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and eoxin C4 (EXC4) were measured as 15-LO products and leukotriene (LT)C4 as a product of the 5-LO pathway. Results: Activated eosinophils from patients with SA and AIA produced approximately five times more 15-HETE than eosinophils from HV or MA patients. In the presence of lysine-aspirin, eosinophils from AIA, MA and SA patients generated higher levels of 15-HETE than in the absence of lysine-aspirin. Furthermore, in the presence of lysine-aspirin, formation of EXC4 was also significantly increased in eosinophils from AIA patients, and LTC4 synthesis was increased both in AIA and SA patients. Conclusions: Taken together, this study shows an increased release of the recently discovered lipid mediator EXC4, as well as the main indicator of 15-LO activity, 15-HETE, in activated eosinophils from severe and aspirin-intolerant asthmatics, and also elevated EXC4 and LTC4 formation in eosinophils from AIA patients after cellular activation in the presence of lysine-aspirin. The findings support a pathophysiological role of the 15-LO pathway in SA and AIA.
2.	Shah, S, et al. (författare) Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure 2020 Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 163- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A small proportion of HF cases are attributable to monogenic cardiomyopathies and existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded only limited insights, leaving the observed heritability of HF largely unexplained. We report results from a GWAS meta-analysis of HF comprising 47,309 cases and 930,014 controls. Twelve independent variants at 11 genomic loci are associated with HF, all of which demonstrate one or more associations with coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, or reduced left ventricular function, suggesting shared genetic aetiology. Functional analysis of non-CAD-associated loci implicate genes involved in cardiac development (MYOZ1, SYNPO2L), protein homoeostasis (BAG3), and cellular senescence (CDKN1A). Mendelian randomisation analysis supports causal roles for several HF risk factors, and demonstrates CAD-independent effects for atrial fibrillation, body mass index, and hypertension. These findings extend our knowledge of the pathways underlying HF and may inform new therapeutic strategies.
3.	Wold, Dag Erik, et al. (författare) Hva finnes av forskning på/om friluftsliv for/i høyere utdanning i Norge? - En oversiktsstudie over forskning(slitteratur) på friluftsliv innen høyere utdanning 2023 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Friluftslivets rolle som historisk kulturbærer og identitetsmarkør i Norge har bidratt til at friluftsliv i dag har en sterk posisjon i det norske utdanningssystemet. I høyere utdanning kommer dette til uttrykk ikke bare i (kroppsøvings)lærerutdanningen, men også i bachelor utdanninger i idrett og friluftsliv, i naturguideutdanninger og i veglednings og eventyrspedagogikk. Ulike idéer og teorier om pedagogikk, lederskap og gruppedynamikk har blitt utviklet innenfor høyere utdanning i friluftsliv i Norge. En del av disse ideene har også handlet om hvorvidt relasjonen mellom mennesker og natur er økologisk bærekraftig. Per i dag savnes det, etter vår kjennskap, en oversikt over forskning på friluftsliv innen høyere utdanning. Hovedmålet med studien er derfor å kartlegge hvilke tema forskningslitteraturen på/om friluftsliv for/i høyere utdanning i Norge belyser.Vi finner det hensiktsmessig å kombinere en scoping review gjennom elektronisk søking i databaser med en manuell søking av kurslitteratur og pensum i emner og kurs i friluftsliv på norske universitet og høyskoler. Temaene og søkeordene som inngår i studien er friluftsliv (OR Outdoor education OR Outdoor* OR Adventure* OR Wilderness) AND høyere utdanning (OR Higher Education OR Universit OR Høyskole OR Høgskole OR Høgskule OR College OR School (folkehøgskole) OR Physical Education Teacher Education OR Teacher training*) AND Norge (OR Norwegian OR Norway). Den elektroniske søkingen kommer til å gjennomføres i databasene EBSCO(ERIC), Google Scholar, BASE, Norart og Idunn. Den manuelle søkingen kommer til å gjennomføres på x norske læresteder der litteraturlister for kurs med ordet friluftsliv i tittelen inkluderes. Målet med det manuelle søket er å inkludere vitenskapelige bokkapittel (antologier) og annen litteratur som er basert på forskning, men som ikke finnes tilgjengelig elektronisk. Ettersom studien nylig er påbegynt, har vi per i dag ingen resultater å legge frem. Preliminære funn vil bli presentert på konferansen. Vi vil ha søkelys på den historiske utviklingen, endringer og diskurser i friluftslivsundervisningen i høyere utdanning, samt diskutere danningspotensialer og tema som ikke blir belyst i forskningen.
4.	2019 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
5.	Backman, Anders, et al. (författare) easyADL – Wearable Support System for Independent Life despite Dementia 2006 Ingår i: ACM CHI 2006 Workshop onDesigning Technology for People with Cognitive Impairments. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This position paper outlines the easyADL project, a two-year project investigating the possibility of using wearable technology to assist people suffering the dementia disease in performing Activities of Daily Living (ADL). An introduction to the egocentric interaction modeling framework is provided and the virtual reality based development methodology is discusssed.
6.	Backman, Christer, et al. (författare) Unusual arrhythmogenic myocardial disease 2014 Ingår i: International Cardiovascular Forum Journal. - : Barcaray International Publishing. - 2410-2636 .- 2409-3424. ; 1:4, s. 195-196 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
7.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) A Physical Education teacher should know - what? Empirical observations of learning objectives for future Physical Education teachers in Sweden 2011 Ingår i: Presentation av paper vid AARE Conference, Hobart, Tasmanien. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In Physical Education (PE), as well as in several other school subjects, the content knowledge has been proven to be reproduced through strong subject traditions. In PE, this reproduction has promoted children who are already privileged in school and society. In this paper, explanations to the difficulties of influencing subject traditions in PE are searched within Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE). Learning objectives stipulated in curricula documents within teacher training courses at six Swedish PETE institutions have been investigated. The preliminary results of the study indicate that the learning objectives expressed appear to reproduce the dominance of (natural) scientific and behaviouristic traditions in PETE and a dualistic approach to PE teacher knowledge. These results will be discussed in relation to theories of teacher knowledge. Exploring learning objectives within PETE may be of significance for the construction of PE knowledge at a school level and may also offer explanations to the promotion and marginalisation of children in PE teaching.
8.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Activating students as resources in physical education – a complex process making symbolic, social and physical capital visible 2022 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract It is well established that Assessment for Learning (AfL) is a model for assessment that strengthens young peoples’ learning in schools as well as in higher education. This is also the case in school physical education and in physical education teacher education (PETE). One of the key learning strategies in AfL is to activate peers as resources for learning, often operationalized as peer assessment. In physical education, peer assessment has proven to strengthen learning for both the observer and the observed.One dimension of peer assessment, that has only scarcely been covered in the physical education context, but that is more highlighted in research of peer assessment in general teacher education, is the tensions inherent in giving feedback to peers, and perhaps friends, on their work. It has been argued that teacher students do not feel comfortable when critiquing other teacher students, and that peer assessment could reflect friendships more than learning outcomes.In the physical education context, studies have shown that peer assessment is one area that physical education teachers are sceptical about. Further, it has been argued that pupils can be mean to each other if implementing peer assessment during physical education teaching. In this paper we aim to dig deeper into this problematic aspect of peer assessment in physical education.More specifically, drawing on the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of capital and using qualitative methodology, the question that will guide our analysis reads:What capabilities and behaviours among students are by PETE students and physical education teachers acknowledged as legitimate and valuable when peer assessment is implemented in physical education teaching? Preliminary results show that in order for peer assessment to be successful in physical education teaching questions regarding who gives feedback on what needs to be considered.
9.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Activating students as resources in physical education teacher education – a complex process making social and physical capital visible. 2023 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract It is well established that students in higher education need to develop evaluative skills in order to become effective learners (Guest & Riegler 2022). Assessment for Learning (AfL) is a model for assessment that strengthens learning in schools as well as in higher education (Black et al 2002). This is also the case in physical education teacher education (PETE) (Eather et al 2017, Macken et al 2020) and in school physical education (Leirhaug 2016). One of the key learning strategies in AfL is to activate peers as resources for learning, often operationalised as peer assessment. In PETE, peer assessment (or peer-assisted learning in a broader meaning) has proven to strengthen learning for both the observer and the observed (Lamb et al 2012). One dimension of peer assessment, that has only scarcely been covered in the PETE context (Macken et al 2020) but that is more highlighted in research of peer assessment in general teacher education (see e.g. Kilic 2016, Tait-McCutcheon & Bernadette Knewstubb 2018), is the tensions inherent in giving feedback to peers on their work, peers who might also often be friends. According to Kilic (2016, 137) preservice teachers “do not feel comfortable when critiquing another student” and Tait-McCutcheon and Knewstubb (2018, 773) argues that “peer assessment could reflect friendships more than learning outcomes”. Research demonstrates a complexity with regards to the potential for peer assessment in PETE. On the one hand, preservice teachers have expressed that giving feedback to peers creates a positive, safe, equal and relaxed learning environment (Lamb et al., 2012) and peer assessment has been reported to improve competence, confidence and self-efficacy among preservice teachers (Eather et al., 2017). On the other hand, a study by Macken et al. (2020) reported that preservice teachers believe their students would be mean to each other if implementing peer assessment during their school placement practice in PETE.In this paper, we aim to further explore the complexity involved in peer assessment in PETE to get a deepened and more differentiated picture of this phenomenon. Our overall aim is to contribute to more knowledge about how to involve preservice teachers in PETE and students in school physical education as resources for learning without risking to cause harm. Drawing on the call from Scanlon et al. (2022) for more studies on how assessment is taught in PETE, our specific aim in this paper is to investigate preservice teachers’ views on what as well as how peer assessment is taught in PETE, to be used in school physical education. We will use Pierre Bourdieu’s (1990) concept of capital, as well as the work of Hay and Penney (2013) on how accountability mechanisms functions in assessment, in order to analyse what is assigned value in peer assessment. The two questions that will guide our analysis in this paper reads: What mechanisms are assigned value in peer assessment according to preservice teachers in PETE? And: How do the mechanisms that are assigned value in peer assessment in PETE function according to preservice teachers? More knowledge about the what and the how in teaching of assessment practices in PETE can improve these practices within school physical education.MethodologyThe study presented in this paper is conducted as part of a greater project with the aim of exploring how PETE matters for school physical education. In the overall project we have recruited preservice teachers, with physical education as one of their subjects, during their last year in teacher education. During this last year, one campus-placed course in assessment and one school placement course, constituted the contexts from which we collected empirical material to this study (Authors 2021). The participants in this study were 21 preservice teachers from two different PETE institutions in Sweden (10 from uni A and 11 from uni B). The empirical material analysed in this study compriced of: Three audio-recorded seminars (90-120 min each) from the campus-based assessment courses (one seminar from uni A and two from uni B) conducted before the preservice teachers’ school placement studies.Seven individual semi-structured interviews (40-70 min each) (Kvale 1996) conducted during visits at the preservice teachers’ school placement studies (all from uni A).Five individual Stimulated Recall (SR)-interviews conducted during visits at the preservice teachers’ school placement studies (one from A, four from B).Two audio-recorded and semi-structured group interviews (40-60 min each) (Kvale 1996) from the campus-based assessment courses (both from A) conducted after the school placement studies. After having had the empirical material transcribed by an external part, a thematic content analysis was initiated by a process of familiarisation in which all four researchers were engaged (Braun et al 2017). Inspired by an abductive approach (Alvesson & Sköldberg 2017), we allowed ourselves to be open to alternative theories that could help explain the empirical material. The choice of research object was initiated by the impression from the interviews that giving feedback to peers is surrounded by a complexity, both in PETE and in school physical education. The identification of social relationships and certain types of bodies and movements as assigned with value when giving feedback to peers guided our attention towards Bourdieu-inspired interpretations of the social capital (Beames & Atencio 2008) and the physical capital (Redelius & Hay 2010). Educational challenges following when ‘the what’ is reflected in ‘the how’The findings indicate that when the what-aspect of ‘social relationships’ is to be implemented into an how-aspect, the preservice teachers calls for continuous interaction ‘over time’ in order to build a safe and an allowing climate for learning. While this interaction can be implemented in PETE and in school physical education, allowing for school children to build social capital (Beames & Atencio 2008), a result from this study that calls for further discussion is how PETE can make continuous interaction between preservice teachers and school students possible during school placement studies. When the what-aspect of ‘articulating what to learn’ is mirrored in relation to the how-aspect of giving ‘correct feedback’ in peer assessment, this displays that physical capital in school physical education is strongly connected to standards of excellence and norms of right and wrong movement technique (Redelius & Hay 2010). These golden norms seem to be upheld by the displayed lack a common language for learning (Larsson & Redelius 2008). A question following from this study is what resources preservice teachers are offered within PETE to embody a language for learning in school physical education? This study also made visible that ‘the emphasis of certain forms of knowledge ’ is highly valued when preservice teachers are to give feedback to their peers, to their students (during school placement) or when they engage students to give feedback to each other. The preservice teachers claim to handle this ‘what-aspect’ of peer assessment by focus their attention on ‘managing the sensitivity’ arising when themselves or their students are to comment on each others’ bodies in movements. In conclusion, the combination of social and physical capital decides what is possible to say to whom when preservice teachers and students are to give feedback to peers in PETE and in school physical education.ReferencesAlvesson M and Sköldberg K (2017) Tolkning och Reflektion. Vetenskapsfilosofi och Kvalitativ Metod [Interpretation and Reflection. Philosophy of Science and Qualitative Method]. Lund: Studentlitteratur. [In Swedish.]Beames, Simon and Atencio, Matthew (2008)'Building social capital through outdoor education', Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning,8:2,99 — 112Black, P., C. Harrison, C. Lee, B. Marshall, and D. Wiliam. 2002. Working Inside the Black Box. Assessment for Learning in the Classroom. London: GL AssessmentBourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice. (Richard Nice, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.Eather, N., Riley, N., Miller, D., Jones, B. (2017) Evaluating the Effectiveness of Using Peer-Dialogue Assessment for Improving Pre-Service Teachers' Perceived Confidence and Competence to Teach Physical Education. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, Guest J & Riegler R (2022) Knowing HE standards: how good are students at evaluating academic work?, Higher Education Research & Development, 41:3, 714-728Hay, P. J., and D. Penney. 2013. Assessment in Physical Education. A Sociocultural Perspective. London: Routledge.Kilic, D. (2016) An Examination of Using Self-, Peer-, and Teacher-Assessment in Higher Education: A Case Study in Teacher Education, Higher Education Studies, 6(1), 136-144. Kvale, Steinar (1996). Interviews. An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. California: Sage Publications.Lamb P Lane K & Aldous D (2012) Enhancing the spaces of reflection: A buddy peer-review process within physical education initial teacher education, European Physical Education Review 19(1) 21–38Larsson H & Redelius K (2008) Swedish physical education research questioned—current situation and future directions, Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 13:4, 381-398, DOI: 10.1080/17408980802353354Leirhaug 2016 Exploring the relationship between student grades and assessment for learning in Norwegian physical education, European Physical Education Review, 22(3) 298–314Macken S, MacPhail, A & Calderon, A (2020) Exploring primary pre-service teachers’ use of ‘assessment for learning’ while teaching primary physical education during school placement, Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 25:5, 539-554Redelius, K. & Hay, P. (2010) Defining, acquiring and transacting cultural capital through assess
10.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Assessment of movement in Swedish PETE : A matter of learning or just ticking a box? 2017 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The general knowledge base of Health and Physical Education Teacher Education (HPETE) is growing stronger. As a part of that knowledge base there is an ongoing discussion of the meaning of HPETE students’ movement capabilities (Brown 2013, Capel et al 2011, Johnson 2013, Siedentop 2009, Tinning 2010). Lee Shulman’s (1987) framework of Content Knowledge (CK) and Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) have been used by scholars to examine how students’ ability to move and their ability to teach are valued in HPETE (Backman & Pearson 2016, Herold & Waring 2016, Ward et al 2015). However, the students’ own voices about these issues have rarely been acknowledged. The aim with this paper is therefore to examine how HPETE students at one university in Sweden experience the assessment of movement knowledge in and about aquatics, dance and ice-skating. Semi-structured interviews with two groups including a total of seven students were performed by the one researcher at three different occasions. The interviewing researcher’s regularly work is not at the same university as the participating students. The interviews focused specifically on the teaching and assessment of aquatics, dance and skating within the first semester of HPETE. The transcription of the six interviews was performed by external assistance and the students were all anonymized in the transcribed material. The following analysis, performed by two researchers stationed at the same university as the participating students, focused on how the transcribed material related to the aim and the concepts of Shulman. Preliminary results show several expressions of that the students in our study were not sure of what kinds or what level of movement knowledge were expected of them as they entered HPETE. Further, several students expressed limited possibilities to develop movement ability merely through HPETE teaching but at the same time, practicing unfamiliar movements outside HPETE teacher-led teaching was rare. Although assessment of movement knowledge were most commonly expressed as a qualitative process, some students mentioned that they occasionally experienced assessment of movement knowledge as “a-tick-in-a-box”. Interestingly, the cognitive aspects of movement knowledge (i.e. describe, observe, analyse, discuss, etc.) were on the one hand expressed as vital, but on the other as less characterized by learning compared to the practice of movement skills. The results will be analysed and discussed in relation to research within the field and in relation to Lee Shulman’s framework of CK and PCK. Although making no claims to generalize the results in this study based on the limited number of participants, they might contribute to the discussion of what forms of knowledge to prioritise in HPETE, and thereby also help develop HPE on a school level.ReferencesBackman, E. & Pearson, P. 2016. “We should assess the students in more authentic situations”. Swedish PE teacher educators’ views of the meaning of movement skills for future PE teachers. European Physical Education Review. 22(1): 47-64.Brown, T.D. 2013. “A vision lost? (Re)articulating an Arnoldian conception of education ‘in’ movement in physical education.” Sport, Education and Society 18 (1): 21-37.Capel, S., Hayes, S., Katene, W. and P. Velija. 2011. “The interaction of factors which influence secondary student physical education teachers’ knowledge and development as teachers.” European Physical Education Review, 17 (2): 183–201.Herold, F. and M. Waring. 2016. “Is practical subject matter knowledge still important? Examining the Siedentopian perspective on the role of content knowledge in physical education teacher education.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/17408989.2016.1192592Johnson, T.G. 2013. “The value of performance in Physical Education teacher education.” Quest 65 (4): 485-497.Shulman, L.S. 1987. “Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the New Reform.” Harvard Educational Review 57 (1): 1-21.Siedentop, D. 2009. “Content Knowledge for Physical Education. In The Routledge Physical Education Reader, edited by R. Bailey and D. Kirk, 243-253. Abingdon: RoutledgeTinning, R. 2010. Pedagogy and human movement: theory, practice, research. Abingdon: Routledge.Ward, P., Kim, I., Ko, B. and W. Li. 2015. “Effects of Improving Teachers’ Content Knowledge on Teaching and Student Learning in Physical Education.” Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 86 (2): 130–139.
11.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Att röra sig bortom rigida ortodoxier i undervisning och bedömning av rörelsepraktiker inom idrottslärarutbildning – ett studentperspektiv 2018 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
12.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Bedömningsstöd i idrott och hälsa : årskurs 7-9 2012 Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
13.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Bedömningsstöd i ämnet Idrott och hälsa: gymnasiet 2014 Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
14.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) Content knowledge or pedagogical content knowledge? : Exploring learning outcomes for Australian trainee teachers in physical education 2016 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In the context of physical education teacher education (PETE), content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) are constructions of different forms of teacher knowledge that have been used to address knowledge of a subject and knowledge of teaching a subject to young people (Herold & Waring 2009, Siedentop 2009, Tinning 2010). This paper addresses how these two forms of teacher knowledge are valued through a study of learning outcomes (LOs) in syllabus documents at a sample of PETE universities in New South Wales, Australia. The US educationalist Lee Shulman (1987) originally defined CK as “the accumulation of literature and studies in content areas, and the historical and philosophical scholarship on the nature of knowledge in those fields of study” (p. 8-9). In the PETE context, CK is constructed by various sub-disciplines (Tinning 2010). According to Siedentop (2009), one of the most fundamental as well as the most marginalized of these sub-disciplines, is PE teacher students’ knowledge of movement. In this study, specific interest is devoted to how CK and PCK are expressed in documents regulating sport and movement courses within PETE. Regarding PCK, Shulman (1987) suggests it to be “that special amalgam of content and pedagogy that is uniquely the province of teachers, their own special form of professional understanding” (p. 8. Globally, there seems to be an agreement for the importance of future PE teachers to experience movement and sport practices during their education. However, there also seems to be different ideas about whether CK or PCK should by prioritized in the teaching and assessment of movement and sport practices during PETE (Backman & Pearson 2016, Capel, et al 2011, Herold & Waring 2009, Johnson 2013, Tinning 2010). The study of how LOs are expressed in an educational context can inform us not only of what forms of knowledge are most valued. It might also say something about PE teacher educators’ abilities to formulate his/her expectations of the student’s performance. For this instance, the discussion of learning objectives as formulated in university courses has lately been intensified. In Europe, this discussion has been strongly related to the intentions in the Bologna-declaration (Adam 2008, Brooks et al 2014, Hussey & Smith 2008). Some of the issues raised in the literature have concerned ways of formulating verbs in learning outcomes, student activity built into learning outcomes, and level of difficulty in learning outcomes (Adam 2008, Biggs & Tang 2007). Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyse LOs formulated in syllabus document for sport courses at a sample of Australian PETE institutions. Further, the aim is to discuss these LOs through a framework regarding teacher knowledge originating from Lee Shulman (1987). Although PETE, like university programs in other subjects, are historical and cultural constructions, research from European countries such as UK, France, Sweden (Backman &Pearson 2016, Capel, et al 2011, Loquet & Ranganathan 2010) display similarities with the Australian PETE context. One characteristic feature of PETE in all these countries is the relative emphasis on constructivist epistemology and critical pedagogy, although this feature appears to be somewhat stronger in Australia compared to Europe and US. In times where the content in PETE is crowded and the time for teaching is short, a study of what forms of PE teacher knowledge are valued in some Australian PETE institutions, a context where the production of PETE research has been significant during the last decades (see e.g. Forrest 2015, Garrett & Wrench 2012, MacDonald et al 2002, Tinning 2010), can therefore serve as a valuable contrast for the discussion of knowledge forms in European PETE contexts. Methods/methodology (up to 400 words) By the end of 2014, there were 24 universities across Australia offering PETE, eight in New South Wales (NSW). These eight universities in NSW makes the total sample (N=8) in the study reported in this paper. To the collection of the empirical material in form of written documents, five PETE-universities (n=5) of the total sample have contributed. Each university was asked to contribute with two unit outlines for courses in sport and movement for PETE students. A unit outline is a written document intended to give the student more specific information compared to what a curriculum document for a course will provide (e.g. regarding examination, schedule, expectations, etc). Further, a unit is generally only a part of a whole course. The collected unit outlines contained a the total number of 73 LOs. The sample of unit outlines can be described as a strategic and purposeful sample (Patton, 2002). The empirical collection from the participating universities was carried out during November and December 2014. After information about the study through e-mail and phone, a total number of 10 unit outlines were sent to the author by e-mail. In the analysis Alvesson and Sköldberg (1994) description of analytical induction or abduction has served as an inspiration. This means trying to let, on one hand, the empirical material inform the choice of theoretical perspective while on the other hand, acknowledging that some specific theoretical perspectives, in this case Shulman’s (1987) forms of teacher knowledge, have been viewed as more relevant than others before conducting the study. The primary analysis has been divided into two steps. In the first step, when reading through the collected and transcribed material questions such as: ‘What movement and sport practices do students meet during PETE in NSW?’ and ‘How are movement and sport practices expressed through the LOs in the unit outlines?’ has been asked. Asking these questions to the material has involved a process of clustering described by Patton (2002) as convergence which has been followed up by a process of divergence, that is, an exclusion of formulations and quotes that do not fit into the identified pattern. In the second stage of the analysis, the choice of Shulman’s (1987) concepts for forms of teacher knowledge was confirmed and strengthened as we discovered that the different views of assessment of movement and sport practices were clearly related to our chosen definitions of CK and PCK.Expected outcomes/results (up to 300 words) The preliminary analysis of the LOs shows that the knowledge in sport and movement courses at the investigated PETE institutions is sometimes formulated as CK and sometimes as PCK (Shulman 1987). Within these two main categories there were also sub-categories related to abilities expressed through different verbs. With regards to PCK one such main sub-category addressed the students’ ability to “plan, arrange, carry out and assess different forms of teaching situations”. Further, another ability expressed within the PCK category was the ability to “observe, analyse and critically reflect over educational practices”. These two PCK sub-categories clearly reflect research emphasizing critical pedagogy in Australian PETE (Garrett & Wrench 2012, MacDonald et al 2002, Tinning 2010). Further, two other forms of sub-categories, expressed both as CK and as PCK, was firstly, the ability to “perform movements” and secondly, the ability to “demonstrate an understanding” of different forms of movement and sport practices. Findings will be discussed in relation to research criticizing the decrease of sport performances in PETE (Herold & Waring 2009, Siedentop 2009) as well as work emphasizing the importance to teach and assess movement practices to PETE students in contextualized situations (Backman & Pearson 2016). The concept of “understanding” was found to be very commonly used in LOs both when expressed as CK and as PCK. Generally, students were encouraged to “demonstrate an understanding” of different forms of knowledge. In literature of how to formulate knowledge in higher education, the concept of understanding has been discussed, sometimes criticized as lacking precision (Adam 2008, Biggs & Tang 2007), sometimes claimed to be under-contextualised (Hussey & Smith 2008). Part of the discussion will focus on various meanings of understanding in sport courses at some Australian PETE-institutions and how these meanings can differ depending on whether CK or PCK is addressed.Intent of publication: References (400 words)Adam, S. (2008). Learning Outcomes Current Developments in Europe: Update on the Issues and Applications of Learning Outcomes Associated with the Bologna Process. Retrieved 12 May 2015, from http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/hogeronderwijs/bologna/BolognaSeminars/documents/Edinburgh/Edinburgh_Feb08_Adams.pdfAlvesson, M. & Sköldberg, K. (1994). Tolkning och Reflektion. Vetenskapsfilosofi och Kvalitativ Metod. Lund: Studentlitteratur.Backman, E. & Pearson, P. (2016) ‘We should assess the students in more authentic situations’: Swedish PE teacher educators’ views of the meaning of movement skills for future PE teachers. European Physical Education Review, 22, 47–64.Biggs, J., & Tang, C. (2007). Teaching for Quality Learning at University. Third edition. Maidenhead: Open University Press.Brooks, S., Dobbins, K., Scott, J. J., Rawlinson, M., & Norman, R. I. (2014). Learning about Learning Outcomes: The Student Perspective. Teaching in Higher Education, 19, 721-733.Capel, S., Hayes, S., Katene, W. and Velija, P. (2011). The interaction of factors which influence secondary student physical education teachers’ knowledge and development as teachers. European Physical Education Review, 17, 183–201.Forrest, G. (2015). Systematic assessment of game-centred approach practices – the game-centred approach Assessment Scaffold. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 20, 144-158.Garrett, R. & Wrench, A. (2012). ‘Society has taught us to judge’: cultures of the body in teacher education. Asia-Pacific
15.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Continuing the Conversation with Ward et al. (2022) : Some Thoughts on Different Approaches to Epistemologically Grounded Questions 2022 Ingår i: Quest (National Association for Physical Education in Higher Education). - : Routledge. - 0033-6297 .- 1543-2750. ; 74:4, s. 335-338 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper is a comment to Ward et al. (2020) on the irresponse to a previous paper in which we elaborate on a phronetic perspective on pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in physical education. In our previous paper, we point to what we see as limitations in PCK-work in physical education. In their response, Ward et al. (2022) argue that we have misrepresented their research as well as the behaviorist epistemology. In this comment, we acknowledge distinctions in PCK-research that were not captured in our original paper. We also argue for why our understanding of the PCK-research was based on interpretations rather than a case of misrepresentation. Further, we argue for the constant acknowledgment of ideology in research. Finally, we discuss the need for clarity regarding the meaning of performance when viewed as content knowledge.
16.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) Development(s) of outdoor education in Sweden 2018. - 1 Ingår i: The changing world of outdoor learning in Europe. - London : Routledge. - 9781351692571 - 9781138047662 ; , s. 165-178 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
17.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Does physical education matter? A methodological approach to understand transitions of content areas from PETE to PE 2021 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
18.	Backman, Erik (författare) En teorispäckad sociologisk analys av fritid och sport – ett ambitiöst projekt : recension av boken Leisure, Sports & Society av Karl Spracklen 2014 Ingår i: Idrottsforum.org/Nordic sport science forum. - 1652-7224. ; :14 november Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract I september 2014 bytte Leeds Metropolitan University, trots studentprotester, namn till Leeds Beckett University; universitetets första colleges låg i Beckett Park, vilken i sin tur fått namn efter bankiren och konservative parlamentsledamoten Ernest Beckett, 2nd Baron Grimthorpe (1856–1917), vars alma mater faktiskt var Trinity College, Cambridge. Leeds-studenternas motstånd hade sin grund i att namnändringen beräknades kosta en kvarts miljon pund, alltmedan inte minst universitetets idrottsanläggningar tillåtits förfalla. Vi vet inte hur universitetets personal ställde sig till namnförändringen, och särskilt nyfikna är vi ju på vad professorn i Leisure Studies (fritidsforskning, fritidsvetenskap) vid Leeds Beckett University, Karl Spracklen, tyckte om förändringen. Detta är dock blott "idle curiosity"; Spracklen är aktuell av ett helt annat, och viktigare, skäl, nämligen för sin bok Leisure, Sports & Society (Palgrave Macmillan). Spracklen, som är sociolog och vars forskningsintresse också inkluderar "metal music" (som sekreterare för International Society for Metal Music Studies och redaktör för Metal Music Studies) och "whiskey tourism" (som drivande i British Sociological Associations Alcohol Study Group) är en centralfigur inom det brittiska fritidsforskningsetablissemanget – han har bland annat varit ordförande i viktiga LSA, Leisure Studies Association från 2009 till 2013. Han har därtill en lång rad publikationer bakom sig, böcker, antologibidrag och vetenskapliga artiklar inom idrotts- och fritidsforskning i vid mening. Den nya boken ges här en grundlig recension av Erik Backman, som ju vet ett och annat om fritidsforskning, Spracklen bottnar teoretiskt i Habermas, i sig ovanligt bland brittiska forskare, men också i Marx, Weber och Bourdieu, bland andra, i sin utforskning av sambandet mellan fritid, fysisk aktivitet och sport ur ett tvärvetenskapligt perspektiv som innefattar idrottsvetenskap, sociologi, cultural studies, historia, filosofi och psykologi. Och vår recensent är imponerad över bredden, djupet och ambitionsnivån – även om det kan bli lite tjatigt från och till.
19.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Encounters with nature, outdoor recreation and physical exercise 2012 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract During the past few decades, research into the social stratification in physical activity and sport has indicated that these practices are undisputedly correlated to possession of socioeconomic and cultural capital. Although sometimes claimed as socially equal, the practice of outdoor recreation appears to display the same pattern. However, recent studies of outdoor recreation-participants with low socioeconomic and cultural capital, indicate that the proportion also engaged in general physical activity is disproportionately high. Drawing on this finding, experiences of nature appears to be particularly important when striving for a life-long physically active lifestyle. The aim of this study is to further investigate the relation between the interest for outdoor recreation and the interest for physical activity.This study is part of a longitudinal Swedish study of habits regarding physical activity and sport during adolescence and adulthood. The individuals included in this study were first contacted in 1968 when they were 15 years old. The sample originally consisted of 2144 individuals, divided into 91 randomly selected school classes in Year 8 in four counties in Sweden. Since then, follow-up contact and information gathering have been conducted on six additional occasions, primarily via questionnaries sent by post. At the last collection, in 2007, a total of 1518 responses were recieved. By comparing groups in the mentioned empirical material, with various interests for outdoor recreation and/or physical activity, regarding variables such as: gender; social position; leisure habits; and previous experiences of sport and outdoor recreation; the relation between the interest for outdoor recreation and the interest for physical activity will be further explored.Through a multipel logistic regression analysis, preliminary results indicate that practice of physical activity and practice of outdoor recreation are related. Among outdoor recreation-participants with low socioeconomic and cultural capital, the proportion also engaged in physical activity appears to be disproportionally high. This finding motivates a further analysis of factors explaining the relation between the interest for physical activity and the interest for outdoor recreation. The results will be discussed in relation to the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and taste.
20.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) Forskning om friluftsliv i Norge: reproduktion av det nationella eller nyfikenhet på det globala? 2017 Ingår i: Idrottsforum.org/Nordic sport science forum. - Malmö : Malmö Högskola. - 1652-7224. Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
21.	Backman, Erik (författare) Friluftsliv : a contribution to equity and democracy in Swedish PE? : An analysis of codes in Swedish PE curricula 2011 Ingår i: Journal of Curriculum Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0022-0272 .- 1366-5839. ; 43:2, s. 269-288 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract During the last decade, expanding research investigating school subject Physical Education (PE), indicates a promotion of inequalities regarding which children benefit from PE teaching. Outdoor education and its Scandinavian equivalent friluftsliv, is a part of the PE curriculum in many countries and these practices have been claimed to have the potential to contribute to more equity in PE teaching. Through an investigation of how stipulations regarding friluftsliv in the national Swedish PE curriculum are transformed and interpreted into 31 local PE syllabus documents, this paper investigates the possibilities for friluftsliv to fulfil this potential. In an analysis inspired by educational sociologist Basil Bernstein, I claim that Swedish PE teachers’ marginalised interpretation of friluftsliv indicates its weak classification when a part of PE. When friluftsliv is addressed in PE, the strong dominance of a performance code transforms it into mere sport activities. The results of this study highlight questions regarding PE teachers’ interpretation of learning aims and their work with text documents. It also discusses alternatives to implementing friluftsliv through PE and the role of teachers in curriculum reforms.
22.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) Friluftsliv : a contribution to equity and democracy in Swedish Physical Education? An analysis of codes in Swedish Physical Education curricula 2011 Ingår i: Journal of Curriculum Studies. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0022-0272 .- 1366-5839. ; 43:2, s. 269-288 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract During the last decade, expanding research investigating school subject Physical Education (PE), indicates a promotion of inequalities regarding which children benefit from PE teaching. Outdoor education and its Scandinavian equivalent friluftsliv, is a part of the PE curriculum in many countries and these practices have been claimed to have the potential to contribute to more equity in PE teaching. Through an investigation of how stipulations regarding friluftsliv in the national Swedish PE curriculum are transformed and interpreted into 31 local PE syllabus documents, this paper investigates the possibilities for friluftsliv to fulfil this potential. In an analysis inspired by educational sociologist Basil Bernstein, I claim that Swedish PE teachers’ marginalised interpretation of friluftsliv indicates its weak classification when a part of PE. When friluftsliv is addressed in PE, the strong dominance of a performance code transforms it into mere sport activities. The results of this study highlight questions regarding PE teachers’ interpretation of learning aims and their work with text documents. It also discusses alternatives to implementing friluftsliv through PE and the role of teachers in curriculum reforms.
23.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) Friluftsliv i fjällen : Fjällsäkerhetsrådets läromedel för åk 7-9 2017 Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
24.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) Friluftsliv i ämnet idrott och hälsa : Ett bidrag till mer integrering i skolan? 2008 Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - 1103-4629. ; :4 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
25.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) Friluftsliv, idrott och skola i förändring 2011 Ingår i: Friluftssport och äventyrsidrott - utmaningar för lärare, ledare och miljö i en föränderlig värld. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144069135 ; , s. 65-88 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
26.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) Friluftsliv, idrott och skola i förändring. 2011 Ingår i: Presentation av paper vid SVEBI konferens i Karlstad, Sverige.. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Introduktion Samtida och senmoderna processer i form av globalisering, individualisering kommersialisering och medialisering påverkar samhället och därigenom även människors utövande av idrott och friluftsliv. Många friluftsaktiviteter tenderar att bli alltmer sportifierade och äventyrsinriktade. Denna utveckling påverkar möjligheterna att implementera friluftsundervisning med utgångspunkt i den nya läroplansreformens starka positionering av friluftsliv och utevistelse inom ämnet idrott och hälsa. Syfte & teoretisk ram Syftet med denna studie är att analyera och diskutera idrottslärares syn på hur friluftsundervisningen i grundskolans ämne idrott och hälsa påverkas av läroplansförändringar, idrottslärares friluftsutbildning samt nutida sportifierade och äventyrliga uttryck inom friluftsliv. Metod Mot bakgrund av ett empiriskt material bestående av 12 intervjuer med idrottslärare i grundskolans senare år, utvalda ur det landsomfattande projektet Skola-Idrott-Hälsa, diskuteras hur ungdomars intresse för friluftsliv kan stimuleras genom skolans undervisning. Resultat Resultaten från studien bekräftar problemen i att förverkliga friluftslivets framskrivna position i styrdokument för idrott och hälsa och även friluftslivets svaga position som fritidssysselsättning bland ungdomar. Ett äventyrligt friluftsliv bestående av längre utomhusvistelser inkluderande övernattningar, matlagning och utmaningar framhålls som framtidens friluftsundervisning och ett sätt att möta ungdomars behov av stimulans. Resultaten bekräftar även tidigare studier av friluftsutbildning inom lärarutbildningen som svagt anpassad till idrottslärarstudenters kommande yrkeskontext. Diskussion I strävan att realisera en friluftsundervisning som engagerar ungdomar och samtidigt verkar inkluderande diskuteras olika perspektiv på äventyr, formuleringar inom kursplanen för idrott och hälsa, friluftsutbildningen för blivande idrottslärare samt gränsöverskridanden inom skolans kunskapsområden.
27.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) Friluftsliv in Swedish Physical Education – a Struggle of Values : Educational and Sociological Perspectives 2010 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The aim of this thesis is to examine some of the educational and sociological conditions underlying the production of teaching in friluftsliv within the Physical Education (PE) subject in Swedish compulsory school. Despite the value awarded to the Scandinavian outdoor practice friluftsliv, in both the national PE curriculum document and in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) in Sweden, it does not seem to be thoroughly implemented in compulsory school teaching. Through analyses of interviews with PE teachers and PE teacher educators, as well as of curriculum documents, using the perspectives of Basil Bernstein and Pierre Bourdieu, I explore conditions underlying the expressions of friluftsliv teaching in Swedish PE. The pedagogic discourse for friluftsliv in Swedish PE is described as a teaching that should take place in a natural setting remote from civilisation, involve risks, and require time, technical equipment, financial resources, and cooperation. This discourse for friluftsliv is shown to be similar to the values emphasised in friluftsliv education in PETE. Although proven to be difficult to implement in school, this discourse appear to form the conception of friluftsliv teaching for PE teachers in Sweden. Under the influence of the performance code, friluftsliv is transformed into outdoor activities with which the PE teachers are familiar, or is totally left out of PE teaching. A turn towards options that are seen as unthinkable in relation to the current pedagogic discourse may benefit the achievement of the aims set out in the national PE curriculum. Values such as environmental awareness, sustainable development and cultural perspectives on the landscape could strengthen the classification of friluftsliv and PE in compulsory school. Further, an increase of socially critical and constructivist perspectives during PETE could make unthinkable options in friluftsliv thinkable and contribute to a break with the reproduction of teaching practices in PE.
28.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) Friluftsorganisationernas roll och villkor 2016 Ingår i: Friluftslivet och politiken. - Bromma : Svenskt Friluftsliv. ; , s. 78-87 Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
29.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) From what to how in ‘formative’ assessment – tracing how physical education teacher education comes to matter for physical education practice. 2024 Ingår i: AIESEP book of abstracts. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Formative assessment strategies are often conceived as central within teacher edu-cation (Cañadas 2023). These strategies are to be learned as content during teacher education and then transformed into methods when newly graduated teachers (NQT) enter their occupational practice. The aim of this presentation is to contribute to knowledge of how content discourses in physical education teacher education (PETE) matter for physical education (PE) practice. We will do this by answering two research questions: 1. What components of formative assessment are made visible in PE by NQTs? 2. What components of the formative assessment discourse can be traced back to PETE? This study is part of a larger project investigating transitions of content discourses from PETE to school PE. Data was collected from participants when they were engaged in two different educational contexts: in PETE as preserv-ice teachers (PST) and in PE as NQTs. In the PETE context, a total of 26 PSTs stud-ying at two different Swedish PETE institutions (15 from A and 11 from B) partici-pated. In the PE context, a total of 13 PE teachers (from the group of 26 PSTs), having graduated from the two Swedish PETE institutions (9 from A and 4 from B), participated. Data collection methods from the two contexts were video-recorded and visual observations, group interviews, individual interviews, Stimulated Recall (SR)-interviews and text analysis of course handbooks. In the study we use the con-cept pedagogic discourse (Bernstein 1990) to describe how content is constructed, recontextualised and realised through text, talk and practice. The way in which the NQTs in this study talk about formative assessment thus illustrate what constitutes this discourse in school PE. In the preliminary analysis, four components (sharing learning objectives, feedback, using students as resources, and grading) have been discerned as dominating. Inspired by Foucault’s (1991) genealogical approach, we will also search for traces of dominating and marginalized components of the form-ative assessment discourse in the PETE context, and the PSTs talk about formative assessment. We will draw on research on didactics in PE (Quennerstedt & Larsson, 2015) to analyse what components the formative assessment discourse in PE and PETE is built of, how and why formative assessment is conducted in a certain way, and who the producers of the components building the formative assessment dis-course in PE and PETE are.ReferencesBernstein, B. (1990). The structuring of pedagogic discourse: London: Routledge.Cañadas L (2023) Contribution of formative assessment for developing teaching competencies in teacher education, European Journal of Teacher Education, 46:3, 516-532Foucault M (1991) Nietzsche, Genealogy, History. In: Rabinow P (Ed) The Foucault Reader. An Introduction to Foucault’s Thought.Quennerstedt M & Håkan Larsson (2015) Learning movement cultures in physical education practice, Sport, Education and Society, 20:5, 565-572
30.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) För lärande ellerför betygsättning? Idrottslärarstudenters syn på en modell för bedömning av målspel 2019 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Introduktion/IntroductionEn tilltagande akademisering av lärarutbildning under de senaste decennierna har inneburit att kurser innehållande olika former av rörelse inom idrottslärarutbildning har reducerats. I diskussionen om hur olika former av ämneskunskap för blivande idrottslärare ska värderas, så har frågor om bedömning av rörelseförmåga lyfts fram. Inom tex mål- och nätspel, ett populärt innehåll i skolämnet idrott och hälsa i Sverige, har bedömningsmodeller utvecklats och undersökts. En av de mer etablerade är Games Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI).Syfte och teoretisk ram/Aim and theoretical frameworkSyftet med denna studie är att analysera och diskutera idrottslärarstudenters syn på undervisning och bedömning av GPAI i en målspelskurs på ett lärosäte i Sverige. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten tas i Shulmans perspektiv på ämneskunskap (CK) och ämnesdidaktisk kunskap (PCK).Metod/MethodMålspelskursen som ingår i denna studie omfattar tre högskolepoäng och involverar sex lektioner (90 min) vardera av målspelen fotboll, handboll och basket, dvs. totalt 18 lektioner. Kursen ägde rum under studenternas första termin på ämneslärarprogrammet. Vid en av lektionerna i respektive målspel fokuserades GPAI specifikt. Under kursens två avslutande pass skedde bedömning och utvärdering av GPAI. Det empiriska materialet i studien består av en web-baserad utvärdering av de deltagande studenternas (n=95 studenter) syn på GPAI. Studenterna har fått skriva kommentarer om hur de upplevde att bli bedömda enligt GPAI och hur de ser på att använda GPAI i skolämnet idrott och hälsa. 85 kommentarer samlades in och analyserades. Studien genomfördes under september till december 2016.Resultat/ResultsResultaten visar att många studenter ser en potential i GPAI för att utveckla förmågan att analysera målspel. Flera studenter uttrycker dock också kritik mot GPAI avseende: relevansen för betygsättning i skolan, en upplevelse av orättvisa och utsatthet i bedömningen samt svårigheten i att observera och dokumentera ”in action”. De hävdade förtjänsterna med GPAI tycks främst relatera till lärande av ämnesdidaktisk kunskap medan kritiken tycks mer relaterad till betygsättning av ämneskunskap i målspel.Diskussion och slutsatser/Discussion and conclusionsStudenternas olika uttryck för potentialen med GPAI kan relateras dels till ett dynamiskt och situerat perspektiv på ämnesdidaktik (ett fokus på kontextuella skillnader och individuella erfarenheter), dels till en behaviouristiskt och statiskt perspektiv på ämneskunskap och ämnesdidaktik (fokus på tester och mätning). Vi menar att dessa olika perspektiv på lärarkunskap måste ses i relation till de epistemologiska perspektiv som dominerar den kontext där studien genomförs. En viktig slutsats är att även om de epistemologiska perspektiv som genomsyrar den ursprungliga konstruktionen och syftet med GPAI inte matchar den socialt kritiska och konstruktivistiska kunskapssyn som genomsyrar svensk idrottslärarutbildning, så har ändå vissa element i GPAI visat sig vara av värde för att utveckla ämnesdidaktisk kunskap i målspel.
31.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) How does physical education teacher education matter? : A methodological approach to understanding transitions from PETE to school physical education 2023 Ingår i: Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. - : Routledge. - 1740-8989 .- 1742-5786. ; 28:4, s. 411-424 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: In this paper, we will address the question of how physical education teacher education (PETE) matters and suggest one way to explore the potential impact of PETE. A distinguishing feature of the studies of PETE's impact on physical education is that they either include perspectives from preservice teachers involved in PETE courses or perspectives from physical education teachers in schools looking back at their education. Longitudinal attempts to follow preservice teachers’ journey from education to workplace, in order to grasp how they perceive the relation between teacher education and teaching practice in schools, and the transition between these contexts, are few and far between. This gap of knowledge is a missing piece of the puzzle to further develop PETE, and to inform life-long professional development for teachers.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we develop and present a methodological approach for investigating the transition of content areas from courses in PETE into teaching practice in school physical education. Second, we will illustrate the potential utility of this methodological approach in longitudinal studies by showing how one particular content area, Assessment for Learning (AfL), was investigated through the use of methods and theories described in the first part of this paper.Methodology: The suggested longitudinal approach involves Stimulated Recall (SR) interviews with pre- and postservice teachers, observations and communication with groups of students and teachers through social media. The construction, recontextualisation and realisation of pedagogic discourses regarding content areas are suggested to be analysed through a combination of Bernstein's concept of the pedagogic device and Ball's concept of fabrication.Results and Conclusions: The longitudinal design and the suggested methodology can provide answers to how content areas are transformed in and between PETE and school physical education. A combination of the theoretical perspectives of Bernstein and Ball enables us to say something not only about how pedagogic discourses regarding content areas are constructed, recontextualised and realised in PETE and school physical education, but also about what content areas become in terms of fabrications in the transition between these contexts. To conclude, we argue that the methodological research design can be used to explore different content areas in PETE and that this methodology can contribute to knowledge about how PETE matters for school physical education.
32.	Backman, Erik, et al. (författare) How does physical education teacher education matter? : A methodological approach to understand transitions of content areas from PETE to PE 2021 Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. ; , s. 193-193 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper, we will address the question of how physical education teacher education (PETE) matters and suggest one way to explore the potential impact of PETE. A distinguishing feature of the studies of PETE’s impact on physical education is that they either include perspectives from preservice teachers involved in PETE courses or perspectives from physical education teachers in schools looking back at their education. Longitudinal attempts to follow preservice teachers’ journey from education to workplace, in order to grasp how they perceive the relation between teacher education and teaching practice in schools, and transitionsbetween these contexts, are few and far between. This gap of knowledge is a missing piece of the puzzle to further develop PETE, and to inform courses or life-long professional development for teachers. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodological approach for investigating transitions of content areas from courses in PETE into teaching practice in school physical education. This will be done trough combining the theoretical perspectives of Bernstein and Ball with a longitudinal study design. The theory of Bernstein enables us to say something about howpedagogic discourses are constructed, recontextualised and realised in PETE and in school physical education. The theory of Ball enables us to say something about about whatcontent areas become, in terms of fabrications, in the transition between these contexts. The longitudinal design will provide us with answers to how and what pedagogic discourses regarding content areas are transformed into in and between PETE and school physical education. The suggested methodology involves Stimulated Recall (SR) interviews, observations and communication with groups through social media. SR-interviews provides an immediateness in the reflection on teaching practice and content areas. Using social media groups is an effective strategy for maintaining contact with examined preservice teachers when they leave university.
33.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) Idrottens gränstrakter. En explorativ studie om äventyrsidrott och friluftssport. 2011 Ingår i: Presentation av poster vid SVEBI konferens i Karlstad, Sverige.. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Introduktion Idrotten har alltid förändrats i förhållande till samhället i övrigt. Inte minst har det funnits ett dynamiskt samspel i dess ”gränstrakter” till delvis överlappande samhällsfenomen som sport, friluftsliv och naturturism. Två dagsaktuella och sammanlänkade tendenser i dessa gränstrakter som denna studie vill uppmärksamma handlar om friluftslivets sportifiering (traditionella friluftsaktiviteters transformering till tävling) och friluftslivets landskapsdekontextualisering (aktiviteternas frigörelse från landskapet). Syfte & teoretisk ram Studiens syfte är att öka kunskaperna om äventyrsidrott och friluftssport med särskild fokusering på frågor om sportifiering och landskapsdekontextualisering. Utifrån ett moderniseringsperspektiv har följande mer specifika frågor har studerats: Hur ser det svenska och internationella forskningsläget ut avseende ovan beskrivna fenomen? Hur ser svenska och internationella exempel ut avseende aktiviteter, platser och perspektiv inom friluftssport och äventyrsidrott? Metod Studiens syfte och frågor har besvarats genom en bred, konventionell litteratursökning bland internationella forskningstidskrifter (fråga 1) och genom explorativa litteraturstudier där text, foton och reklam är ger underlag för frågor om aktivitetstyp och typ av landskap/miljö (fråga 2). Resultat Resultatet visar att tendenser till sportifiering och friställning från landskapet är mycket påtagliga. En bred gråzon håller på att etableras i den konventionella idrottens gränstrakter till friluftslivet som innehåller en mängd nya aktiviteter och mycket dynamik. En i studien uppmärksammad tendens är att inom mer upplevelsebaserad kroppsövning med äventyrlig prägel är människans medvetenhet om den ”inre kroppen” lika stor, eller större, i jämförelse med den fysiska ”yttre kroppen”. En annan central tendens är skärningen mellan klimatdebatten och tidigare starkt naturanknutna aktiviteter som idag kan byggas upp inomhus. Ytterligare ett av studiens resultat är att frågor rörande tillgänglighet, inte minst för ungdomar i såväl formaliserade som icke-formaliserade lärandesammanhang, bör beaktas i relation till den ökade specialisering, certifiering och professionalisering som följer av friluftssporters utveckling. Diskussion Den omförhandling som nu pågår om ideal, aktiviteter, platser och miljöer knutna till friluftstraditionen respektive sporttraditionen diskuteras, bland annat avseende: a) konstruerade anläggningar och miljöer för aktiviteter som tidigare bedrivits i naturpräglade landskap. b) tillgänglighet till friluftsliv för ungdomar. c) traditionellt resp sportifierat friluftsliv och dess relation till livslång hälsa d) inkludering resp exkludering inom sportifierat friluftsliv e) fysisk planering och hållbar utveckling i relation till sportifierat friluftsliv tävling och naturmöten i relation till sportifierat friluftsliv.
34.	Backman, Erik, et al. (författare) Idrottslärarutbildning för framtiden 2013 Ingår i: I takt med tiden?. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144086682 ; , s. 243-256 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
35.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) “Instantaneous or continuous examination”– exploring dilemmas about when to examine movement in Swedish PETE. 2014 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract It has been claimed that issues of assessment in school and education is of particular interest in contemporary society with many conflicting demands, theories and practices (McDowell 2010). In the field of Physical Education (PE), assessment issues, grading and examination practices has received attention on the school level during the last decade (MacPhail & Halbert 2010, Penney 2009, Lopez-Pastor et.al 2013, Redelius & Hay 2009). However, on the level of PE teacher education (PETE), the knowledge base of these issues is not as significant. Based on the relative reduction of movement practices in PETE following the academisation of teacher education in general (Kirk 2010), there are reasons to investigate the what- and the how-question regarding examination in movement practices in PETE. The aim with this paper is to analyse and discuss what is assigned value in the formulation of tasks for examination of movement in subject courses on seven Swedish PETE departments. Inspired by Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic capital (Bourdieu & Wacquant 1992) and its use in PE research (Backman 2008, Brown 2005, Redelius et.al. 2009), a preliminary analysis of formulations in curricula documents has showed that the examination of movement practices is a silent, constant and ongoing process, rather than out-spoken and performed at specific occasions during a course. The analysis has also shown that the ability to perform movements is, within examination tasks, formulated separate from the ability to teach, rather than integrated with one another. Illuminating these issues, not only on the level of school PE but also on the PETE level, might develop and strengthen assessment practices not only in PE but also in PETE.
36.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) Konstgjorda idrottsanläggningar : Konsekvenser för utövare och miljö 2022 Ingår i: Idrottsanläggningar. - Stockholm : Elanders AB. - 9789198405095 ; , s. 107-121 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
37.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Movement skills as content knowledge and/or as pedagogic content knowledge? : Identifying gaps in Australian PETE research. 2015 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The discussion of what constitute subject matter knowledge in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) has been intense and ongoing, particularly in the US and in Australia. One central part of this discussion have concerned the movement and sporting practices that students meet during their education. While most PETE scholars agree on the value for PETE students to experience movement and sport practices during their education, there are different ideas about the extent and in what form these should be taught and as to whether, and in what form, these should be assessed. In Australia, the discussion of movement and sport practices in PETE has very much been focused on various adaptations of the Sport Education model, the Game Centered Approach and Teaching Games for Understanding. However, given the limitations of time and resources, the issue of whether to prioritize movement and sport practices seen as a form of knowledge in itself or as means for teaching pupils in, through and about movement, has only been slightly dealt with in research of Australian PETE. Inspired by Shulman’s division of different forms of teacher knowledge, and in particular subject matter knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge, we want to address gaps in the Australian research on movement and sport practices in PETE. Illuminating the local construction of dominant as well as marginalized research discourses might help identify issues in need of research.
38.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Moving beyond rigid orthodoxies in the teaching and assessment of movement in Swedish physical education teacher education : A student perspective 2020 Ingår i: European Physical Education Review. - : Sage Publications. - 1356-336X .- 1741-2749. ; 26:1, s. 111-127 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyse and discuss physical education teacher education (PETE) students? conceptions of teaching and assessment of movement capability as a part of content knowledge in aquatics, dance and ice-skating at a university in Sweden. The theoretical perspective involves Shulman?s concept of content knowledge, the further elaboration of content knowledge into common content knowledge, and the theoretical perspective underpinning movement capability. The sample consists of two groups with a total of seven PETE students who volunteered to take part in group interviews. Semi-structured interviews with the two groups were conducted on three occasions. Findings display that the students? conceptions of movement capability seem to be focused around performance of movements. Further, the participants felt the messages to be unclear in terms of what they are to know regarding movement capability before entering PETE. There was also a contradiction in that the PETE students felt it to be obvious that they would ?know? certain movements, and at the same time they requested clear and distinct criteria when it came to the performance of movements. This study shows that expectations in terms of PETE students? levels of movement content knowledge need to be further investigated and discussed. This study also highlights the importance of conceptualising what PETE students need to learn if they are to see the need to develop their movement capability on their own. Assessments of students? reflections on what it means to master movements are discussed as an alternative to assessment of performance of movements.
39.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Outdoor adventure and lifestyle sports 2012 Ingår i: The 6th International Conferenceon Monitoring and Management of Visitorsin Recreational and Protected Areas. ; , s. 370- Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract In recent decades there has been an increasing dynamic interplay in the “borderlands” of sport between closely related phenomena like outdoor recreation and nature tourism (see e.g. Bale 2006, Fredman et al. 2008a and Wheaton 2007). Two trends within these “borderlands” are explored in this study: the sportification of traditional outdoor activities and the liberation of outdoor activities from the landscapes in which they were originally performed. From a perspective of modernization, the following questions are addressed: 1. What is the state of knowledge regarding trends within outdoor adventure- and lifestyle sports?2. How are examples of activities, places and perspectives within outdoor adventure- and lifestyle sports expressed? To answer these questions, conventional literature studies of, firstly, academic journals and, secondly; magazines, photographs and commercials, have been conducted. The result shows that tendencies towards the sportification of outdoor adventure- and lifestyle sports (see e.g. Breivik 2010 and Wheaton 2004) and the liberation of these activities from their “original” landscape (see e.g. Daniel 2007 and Bottenburg & Salome 2010) are significant. Of importance from a practitioner perspective is that a “grey-zone” containing several new activities and dynamics is being established in the “borderlands” between sport and outdoor recreation (Sandell, Arnegård & Backman 2011). From an academic perspective, the identified intersection between the climate debate and the nature-related activities that can now be performed indoors is important (see e.g. Sandell 2011 and Sandell & Öhman 2010). Another result that indicates a need for further research is that issues of accessibility, especially for young people, should be considered in relation to the increasing certification and specialization that characterizes the development of outdoor activities (see e.g. Bäckström 2011, Fredman et al. 2008b, Lundvall 2011 and Odden 2008). The current renegotiation of ideals, activities, places and environments related to the traditions of outdoor recreation and sport is discussed, most notably regarding: a) Constructions and environments for activities previously performed in “natural” landscapes.b) Accessibility to outdoor adventure- and lifestyle sports for young people.c) The health aspect of traditional and sportified outdoor activities.d) Inclusion and exclusion in relation to outdoor adventure- and lifestyle sports.e) Physical planning and sustainable development in relation to outdoor adventure- and lifestyle sports.
40.	Backman, Erik, et al. (författare) Outdoor adventure and lifestyle sports 2012 Ingår i: Outdoor recreation in change. - Sundsvall : Mittuniversitetet. - 9789187103292 ; , s. 370-371 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
41.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Peer assessment in physical education 2022 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
42.	Backman, Erik, et al. (författare) Peer assessment in physical education 2022 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract BAKGRUNNIt is well established that Assessment for Learning (AfL) is a model for assessment that strengthens young peoples’ learning in schools as well as in higher education. This is also the case in school physical education and in physical education teacher education (PETE). One of the key learning strategies in AfL is to activate peers as resources for learning, often operationalized as peer assessment. In physical education, peer assessment has proven to strengthen learning for both the observer and the observed.One dimension of peer assessment, that has only scarcely been covered in the physical education context, but that is more highlighted in research of peer assessment in general teacher education, is the tensions inherent in giving feedback to peers, and perhaps friends, on their work. It has been argued that teacher students do not feel comfortable when critiquing other teacher students, and that peer assessment could reflect friendships more than learning outcomes.In the physical education context, studies have shown that peer assessment is one area that physical education teachers are sceptical about. Further, it has been argued that pupils can be mean to each other if implementing peer assessment during physical education teaching. In this paper we aim to dig deeper into this problematic aspect of peer assessment in physical education.METODEMore specifically, drawing on the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of capital and using qualitative methodology, the question that will guide our analysis reads:What capabilities and behaviours among students are by PETE students and physical education teachers acknowledged as legitimate and valuable when peer assessment is implemented in physical education teaching? RESULTAT, KONKLUSJON: Preliminary results show that in order for peer assessment to be successful in physical education teaching questions regarding who gives feedback on what needs to be considered. REFERENCESBackman, E., Tolgfors, B., Nyberg, G., & Quennerstedt, M. (2021). How does physical education teacher education matter? A methodological approach to understanding transitions from PETE to school physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 1-14.Tolgfors, B., Quennerstedt, M., Backman, E., & Nyberg, G. (2022). Enacting assessment for learning in the induction phase of physical education teaching. European Physical Education Review, 28(2), 534-551.Tolgfors, B., Backman, E., Nyberg, G., & Quennerstedt, M. (2021). Between ideal teaching and ‘what works’: The transmission and transformation of a content area from university to school placements within physical education teacher education. European Physical Education Review, 27(2), 312-327.
43.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Peer assessment in physical education teacher education - a complex process making social and physical capital visible 2023 Ingår i: Curriculum studies in health and physical education. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2574-2981 .- 2574-299X. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Peer assessment has been proven to improve learning for both the observer and the observed. One dimension of peer assessment that has been given little attention in the context of physical education teacher education (PETE) is the tension that exists when peers give feedback on each other's work. In this paper, we report on Swedish preservice teachers' (PST) views on peer assessment used in PETE school placements. Our findings reveal four mechanisms of peer assessment assigned value in PETE: (i) building social relations, (ii) making 'what to learn' visible, (iii) giving correct feedback, and (iv) handling sensitive and gendered comments. Inspired by Bourdieu, we discuss learning potentials and complex challenges with peer assessment, where the combination of social capital and physical capital decides what is possible to say and to whom when peer assessment is used in the PETE school placement and in school physical education (PE).
44.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Peer-assessment of technical and tactical skillsin invasion games - possibilities and limitations? 2017 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Inom idrottslärarutbildning har detutbildningsinnehåll som handlar om att utveckla studenters ämneskunskaper iidrott kraftigt reducerats under de senaste decennierna. Inte minst har den delav ämneskunskapen som handlar om studenters förmåga att delta i och undervisaom idrottsliga praktiker drabbats (Kirk 2010). När utrymmet för ett ämnesområdebegränsas aktualiseras frågor om innehåll och bedömning. Alltmedan de flestainom fältet är eniga om betydelsen för studenter att få erfarenheter av rörelseoch idrott under sin utbildning finns olika uppfattningar om huruvida man skabedöma studenters förmåga att praktiskt utöva idrott. Hur man förhåller sigdenna fråga har i hög grad visat sig vara kulturellt betingat (Backman &Pearson submitted, Herold & Waring 2009, Siedentop 2009, Tinning 2010). Isvensk idrottslärarutbildning har just den idrottsliga bedömningens vara ellerinte vara visat på en komplexitet och ambivalens (Backman & Pearson 2016).I en tid av alltmer begränsade resurser har problematiken delvis handlat omhuruvida man ska bedöma (och därigenom värdera) studentens förmåga att delta iidrott som ett mål i sig eller om man ska bedöma studentens förmåga attundervisa i och om idrott (Backman & Larsson 2016, Maivorsdotter et al2014). I de studier som belyst den idrottsliga färdighetens position ochbetydelse inom idrottslärarutbildning har studenters röst varit sparsamtförekommande. I denna studie vill vi därför, genom en implementering av eninternationellt etablerad modell för studentmedbedömning i bollspel (GamesPerformance Assessment Instrument, GPAI) (Oslin et al 1998) i kurser förblivande idrottslärare, ge röst åt studenters syn på studentbedömning avförmågan att spela bollspel. I studien har 140 studenter (N=140) pålärarprogrammet vidGymnastik- och idrottshögskolan i Stockholm deltagit. Studien är genomförd inom ramen för en ordinarie bollspelskurs om 3 hp som motsvarar 18 lektionstillfällen med 90 minuters undervisning vid varje tillfälle. Till detta lades två extra lektioner om 90 min för att genomföra studien/datainsamlingen. Studenterna har under och efter kursen bidragit till datainsamlingen i kursen genom ifyllande av etablerade bedömningsformulär där de analyserat varandras spelförmåga. Vidare har studenterna svarat på en utvärdering av hur GPAI implementerats i kursen med hjälp av ett enkätverktyg. Syftet med kursen som studenterna deltagit i är att studenterna ska utveckla sin spelförmåga, leda målspel i skolan samt didaktiska aspekter på målspel i skolan. Studien har omfattat studentmedbedömning i spelen handboll, basket och fotboll som inte enbart ska ses som en utbildning i dessa spel utan som representation för bollspel i allmänhet. Deltagarna i studien representerar alla studenter som hösten 2016 läste den beskrivna kursen. Alla studenter fick information om att deltagandet var frivilligt och att de kunde avbryta när som helst utan att det skulle på verka deras betyg eller vara negativt för dem på något annat sätt. Alla studenter ville vara med i studien. I vår preliminära analys har vi funnit att studenternas observationer av varandra visade på stor variation avseende spelförmåga. I utvärderingen av GPAI-projektet har studenterna uttryckt att de visserligen förstod syftet med GPAI-projektet, och att de förstod hur de skulle bidra till datainsamlingen genom att analysera varandras spelförmåga, men att de var tveksamma till relevansen av GPAI i en bedömningskontext i skolan. Resultaten kommer att analyseras vidare och diskuteras i relation till Shulmans begrepp ämneskunskap (Content Knowledge) och ämnesdidaktisk kunskap (Pedagogical Content Knowledge) samt i relation till teorier om bedömning. I en diskussion där perspektiven ofta begränsas till forskarens och/eller idrottslärarutbildarens kan studenter bidra med viktig kunskap om vad de ser som relevant kunskap för sin kommande yrkesroll. Referenser Backman, E & Pearson, P (submitted) Is movement knowledge common, specialized or pedagogic? Voices of teacher educators on assessment of movement and sport courses in the preparation of Australian HPE teachers. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. Backman, E & Pearson, P (2016) “We should assess the students in more authentic situations”. Swedish PE teacher educators’ views of the meaning of movement skills for future PE teachers. European Physical Education Review. 22(1), 47-64. Backman, E & Larsson, H (2016) What should a Physical Education teacher know? An analysis of learning outcomes for future Physical Education teachers in Sweden. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. 21(2), 185-200. Herold F and Waring M (2009) Pre-service physical education teachers’ perceptions of subject knowledge: Augmenting learning to teach. European Physical Education Review 15(3): 337–364. Kirk D (2010) Physical Education Futures. Abingdon: Routledge. Oslin, J.L., S.A. Mitchell, & L.L. Griffin. (1998). The Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI): Development and preliminary validation. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 17(2) p. 231–243. Siedentop D (2009) Content Knowledge for Physical Education. In: Bailey R and Kirk D (eds) The Routledge Physical Education Reader. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 243-253.Tinning R (2010) Pedagogy and human movement: theory,practice, research. Abingdon: Routledge.
45.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) PETE students’ experiences of assessment of movement : A Shulmanian perspective 2017 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract The general knowledge base of Health and Physical Education Teacher Education (HPETE) is growing stronger. As a part of that knowledge base there is an ongoing discussion of the meaning of HPETE students’ movement capabilities. Lee Shulman’s framework of Content Knowledge (CK) and Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) have been used by scholars to examine how students’ ability to move and their ability to teach are valued in HPETE. However, the students’ own voices about these issues have rarely been acknowledged. The aim with this paper is therefore to examine how HPETE students at one university in Sweden experience how movement knowledge in certain movement activities are valued in the assessment. Semi-structured interviews with two groups (3-4 students in each) with a total of seven students was performed at three different occasions focusing specifically on how aquatics, dance and skating was taught and assessed within the first semester of HPETE. Preliminary results of our first analysis of the students’ expressions of their education in aquatics show that the students experience qualitative dimension in the assessment of their performances in aquatics as well as a quantitative measurement. They also expressed a lack of teacher-led occasions for learning in and about aquatics before they assessed. Students were also uncertain of how their own practical performance was acknowledged in the assessment of aquatics in relation to their ability to observe and give feedback on their peers’ performance. The results will be analysed and discussed using Lee Shulman’s framework of CK and PCK. By extension, these results might contribute to the discussion of what forms of knowledge to prioritise in HPETE, and thereby also help develop HPE on a school level.
46.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Re-thinking pedagogical content knowledge for physical education teachers : implications for physical education teacher education 2020 Ingår i: Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1740-8989 .- 1742-5786. ; 25:5, s. 451-463 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
47.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) Recension av Andkjær, Søren, Bentsen, Peter & Ejbye-Ernst, Niels (2009) ”Friluftsliv: Natur, samfund og pædagogik” : Ambitiöst om friluftsliv i Danmark – kanske alltför ambitiöst... 2011 Ingår i: www.idrottsforum.org. - 1652-7224. ; :12 okt Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Friluftsliv uppvisar ett uppsving som för många säkert är oväntat men som nog till stor del är i samklang med den skandinaviska tidsandan. Visserligen är det ett i huvudsak urbant fenomen, de senaste årens fokus på fysisk aktivitet, konditionsträning och fitness, aktiviteter som dessutom ofta äger rum inomhus i speciella kommersiellt drivna träningshallar – där är luften inte fri! – men trenden tar sig också uttryck i löpning eller joggning i urbana parkområden eller i lagom tuktad natur i anslutning till städer. Man kan tänka att steget inte skulle vara långt till verkliga naturupplevelser, och, som sagt, det finns ett uppsving. Det nymornade intresset för autentiska naturupplevelser kan säkert också bottna i en civilisationskritisk trend i det tidiga tredje millenniet, vars beståndsdelar spretar på ett sätt som gör det omöjligt att närmare skärskåda företeelsen i detta sammanhang. Istället konstaterar vi att forskningen varit kvick att fånga upp friluftsintresset, vilket inte minst märks i recensionsfloran på den här webbplatsen, som denna gång utvidgas med en recension av Friluftsliv: Natur, samfund og pædagogik av Peter Bentsen, Søren Andkjær och Niels Ejbye-Ernst (Munksgaard Danmark). Erik Backman, som disputerat i ämnet, har läst och recenserar, och han bjuder redaktörerna på många tips till förbättringar inför nästa upplaga av boken.
48.	Backman, Erik, 1972- (författare) Recension av Sandell, Klas & Sörlin, Sverker (2008) (red) ”Friluftshistoria: Från «härdande friluftslif» till ekoturism och miljöpedagogik” : Genomarbetad antologi 2011 Ingår i: www.idrottsforum.org. - 1652-7224. ; :26 jan Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract I samband med att idrott och sport kommit att ta allt större utrymme på olika plan i samhällslivet så har friluftsliv, med dess tydliga samhörighet till många av idrottslivets kärnvärden, också fått förnyad aktualitet. Forumet har varit lite sen att uppmärksamma denna förändring, även om det inte är det enda skälet till att vi först nu recenserar en av nyckelböckerna i området (det handlat också om att friluftsforskarna i Norden står varandra ganska nära). Men som är det är med selektiv perception, när vi väl hade noterat en eller två nya böcker om friluftsliv så hittade vi bara fler och fler, avhandlingar och antologier. Snart kommer en ny temasida om friluftsliv i forumets mer om-sektion. Boken som nu blivit föremål för kritisk granskning är Klas Sandells och Sverker Sörlins antologi Friluftshistoria: Från «härdande friluftslif» till ekoturism och miljöpedagogik (Carlssons) i dess andra upplaga från 2008 – den första kom 2000. Den recenseras av en relativt nybakad doktor i friluftsliv, Erik Backman, vars avhandling recenseras i dessa spalter under våren. Som sagt, detta är en grundsten i den svenska friluftsforskningen, men vår recensent dristar sig att föra fram flera förslag till förbättringar inför kommande nya utgåvor.
49.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Reconceptualising pedagogical content knowledge in physical education teacher education 2018 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
50.	Backman, Erik, 1972-, et al. (författare) Slutsatser och framåtblick 2011 Ingår i: Friluftssport och äventyrsidrott - utmaningar för lärare, ledare och miljö i en föränderlig värld.. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144069135 ; , s. 203-218 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)

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