| 1. |
- Bukovics, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Changes of PACAP level in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with severe traumatic brain injury
- 2014
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Ingår i: Peptides. - : Elsevier. - 0196-9781 .- 1873-5169. ; 60, s. 18-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PACAP has well-known neuroprotective potential including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Its level is up-regulated following various insults of the CNS in animal models. A few studies have documented alterations of PACAP levels in human serum. The time course of post-ictal PACAP levels, for example, show correlation with migraine severity. Very little is known about the course of PACAP levels following CNS injury in humans and the presence of PACAP has not yet been detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of subjects with severe TBI (sTBI). The aim of the present study was to determine whether PACAP occurs in the CSF and plasma (Pl) of patients that suffered sTBI and to establish a time course of PACAP levels in the CSF and Pl. Thirty eight subjects with sTBI were enrolled with a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8 on admission. Samples were taken daily, until the time of death or for maximum 10 days. Our results demonstrated that PACAP was detectable in the CSF, with higher concentrations in patients with TBI. PACAP concentrations markedly increased in both Pl and CSF in the majority of patients 24-48h after the injury stayed high thereafter. In cases of surviving patients, Pl and CSF levels displayed parallel patterns, which may imply the damage of the blood-brain barrier. However, in patients, who died within the first week, Pl levels were markedly higher than CSF levels, possibly indicating the prognostic value of high Pl PACAP levels.
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| 2. |
- Tuka, Bernadett, et al.
(författare)
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Release of PACAP-38 in episodic cluster headache patients - An exploratory study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Headache and Pain. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1129-2369 .- 1129-2377. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Activation of the trigeminal-autonomic reflex, involving the trigeminal ganglion, the superior salivatory nucleus and the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) is crucial in the pathophysiology of cluster headache (CH). Since pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38) is present both in the SPG and the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and its role in migraine has been described, our aim was to determine the plasma PACAP-38 levels in different phases of episodic CH (ECH). Peripheral cubital fossa blood samples were taken during the ictal and inter-bout periods of male ECH patients and from age-matched healthy controls (n = 9). Plasma PACAP-38-like immunoreactivity (LI) was measured with specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay. Findings: Significantly lower plasma PACAP-38-LI was detected in the inter-bout period of ECH patients than in healthy controls. However, PACAP-38 was significantly elevated in the plasma during CH attacks as compared to the inter-bout phase in the same subjects (n =5). Conclusions: This exploratory study suggests that PACAP-38 may be released during the attacks of ECH. Further patients and long-term follow-up are necessary to reveal its function.
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