| 1. |
- Sartelli, Massimo, et al.
(author)
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Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action
- 2023
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In: WORLD JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY SURGERY. - 1749-7922. ; 18:1
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.
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| 2. |
- Bah, Ibrahima, et al.
(author)
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AdS(5) compactifications with punctures in massive IIA supergravity
- 2017
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We find AdS(5) solutions holographically dual to compactifications of six-dimensional N=(1,0) supersymmetric field theories on Riemann surfaces with punctures. We simplify a previous analysis of supersymmetric AdS(5) IIA solutions, and with a suitable Ansatz we find explicit solutions organized in three classes, where an O8-D8 stack, D6- and D4-branes are simultaneously present, localized and partially localized. The D4-branes are smeared over the Riemann surface and this is interpreted as the presence of a uniform distribution of punctures. For the first class we identify the corresponding six-dimensional theory as an E-string theory coupled to a quiver gauge theory. The second class of solutions lacks D6-branes and its central charge scales as n(5/2), suggesting a five-dimensional origin for the dual field theory. The last class has elements of the previous two.
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| 3. |
- Bah, Ibrahima, et al.
(author)
-
Holographic duals of five-dimensional SCFTs on a Riemann surface
- 2019
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In: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We study the twisted compacti fi cations of fi ve-dimensional Seiberg SCFTs, with SU M (2) ENf+1 avor symmetry, on a generic Riemann surface that preserves four supercharges. The fi ve-dimensional SCFTs are obtained from the decoupling limit of N D4-branes probing a geometry of Nf < 8 D8-branes and an O8-plane. In addition to the R-symmetry, we can also twist the avor symmetry by turning on background ux on the Riemann surface. In particular, in the string theory construction of the fi ve-dimensional SCFTs, the background ux for the SU M (2) has a geometric origin, similar to the topological twist of the R-symmetry. We argue that the resulting low-energy three-dimensional theories describe the dynamics on the world-volume of the N D4-branes wrapped on the Riemann surface in the O8/D8 background. The Riemann surface can be described as a curve in a Calabi-Yau three-fold that is a sum of two line bundles over it. This allows for an explicit construction of AdS 4 solutions in massive IIA supergravity dual to the worldvolume theories, thereby providing strong evidence that the three-dimensional SCFTs exist in the low-energy limit of the compacti fi cation of the fi ve-dimensional SCFTs. We compute observables such as the free energy and the scaling dimensions of operators dual to D2-brane probes; these have non-trivial dependence on the twist parameter for the U(1) in SU M (2). The free energy exhibits the N5=2 scaling that is emblematic of fi ve-dimensional SCFTs.
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| 4. |
- Barack, Leor, et al.
(author)
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Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics : a roadmap
- 2019
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In: Classical and quantum gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 0264-9381 .- 1361-6382. ; 36:14
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The grand challenges of contemporary fundamental physics dark matter, dark energy, vacuum energy, inflation and early universe cosmology, singularities and the hierarchy problem all involve gravity as a key component. And of all gravitational phenomena, black holes stand out in their elegant simplicity, while harbouring some of the most remarkable predictions of General Relativity: event horizons, singularities and ergoregions. The hitherto invisible landscape of the gravitational Universe is being unveiled before our eyes: the historical direct detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration marks the dawn of a new era of scientific exploration. Gravitational-wave astronomy will allow us to test models of black hole formation, growth and evolution, as well as models of gravitational-wave generation and propagation. It will provide evidence for event horizons and ergoregions, test the theory of General Relativity itself, and may reveal the existence of new fundamental fields. The synthesis of these results has the potential to radically reshape our understanding of the cosmos and of the laws of Nature. The purpose of this work is to present a concise, yet comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the relevant fields of research, summarize important open problems, and lay out a roadmap for future progress. This write-up is an initiative taken within the framework of the European Action on 'Black holes, Gravitational waves and Fundamental Physics'.
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