| 1. |
- Abelsson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-based practice in primary healthcare from the managerial point of view - a national survey
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The vast availability of and demand for evidence in modern primary healthcare force clinical decisions to be made based on condensed evidence in the form of policies and guidelines. Primary healthcare managers play a key role in implementing these governing documents. Thus, the aim of this article is to investigate the use and availability of evidence-based practice resources from the perspective of first-line primary healthcare managers. Methods The study is based on a national survey of primary healthcare managers, consisting of 186 respondents, recruited nationally from Sweden. The data was analysed using empirically constructed concepts and validated using factor analysis. A chi-square test was utilized to determine the statistical significance of comparisons. Associations between variables were calculated using Spearman's correlation coefficients. All tests were two-sided, and the significance level was set to 0.05. Results A majority (97 %) of managers stated that guidelines and policy documents impacted primary healthcare; 84 % of managers observed a direct effect on daily practices. Most of the managers (70 %) stated that some adaptation was needed when new evidence was introduced. The managers emphasized the importance of keeping themselves updated and open to new information about work routines (96 %). Conclusions The study illustrates a nearly unanimous response about the influence of clinical evidence on daily practice. The emphasis on the importance of all staff members keeping their professional knowledge up to date is viewed as a direct result of this effect on daily practice. An information-dense organization such as a primary healthcare organization would have much to gain from increased cooperation with regional information resources such as clinical libraries.
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| 2. |
- Abelsson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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The dilemma of the split between theory and reality as experienced by primary healthcare professionals: a mixed methods study of evidence-based practice in a primary care context
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC PRIMARY CARE. - 2731-4553. ; 25:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPrimary care depends upon a good information flow across professional and structural boundaries to provide the best care for patients. Previous research has mainly focused on Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) within specific professions. Mapping of pan-professional experiences of and attitudes to EBP in publicly funded clinical practice is necessary to deepen the understanding of EBP and its implementation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate healthcare professionals' experiences of and attitudes towards working in accordance with EBP in primary care.MethodsThe study used a convergent mixed methods design divided into two strands: a quantitative enquiry tool (Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale, EBPAS) and a set of qualitative interviews analysed by means of qualitative content analysis. Both strands included all primary care employees with patient interaction in the studied county (n = 625), including doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, psychologists and assistant nurses. Out of the original 625 healthcare professionals, 191 finished the first strand and 8 volunteered for the second strand (2 nurses, 2 physiotherapists, 1 psychiatrist and 3 doctors).ResultsThe EBPAS value of 2.8 (max 4) indicated a generally positive attitude towards EBP amongst the population, which was also evident in the interviews. However, there were additional experiences of not having the ability or resources to engage in EBP. This was illustrated by the theme that emerged from the qualitative content analysis: "The dilemma of the split between theory and reality". Due to the organisational and managerial focus on efficiency rather than quality of care, there were few or no incentives for promoting individual educational or research development.ConclusionsAlthough the general attitude towards EBP is positive, experiences of practising it differ. There is a need to increase knowledge of EBP concepts, requirements and implementation in the clinical setting. The absence of opportunities to do research and collegial debate about new ways of finding and implementing research-based evidence results might influence the quality of care.
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| 3. |
- Almerud, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Acute coronary syndrome : social support and coping ability on admittance
- 2008
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nursing. - London : Mark Allen. - 0966-0461 .- 2052-2819. ; 17:8, s. 527-531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To compare social support and coping ability in acute coronary syndrome patients at the time of the cardiac event with a healthy community-based sample, with regard to age, sex, education and marital status.Method: The study comprised 241 patients and 316 healthy controls. The participants answered a self-administered questionnaire that included three well-established scales. Multiple logistic regression was used in the analysis to compare the health situation between the patients and controls.Results: Persons suffering from acute coronary syndrome rated emotional support significantly lower than the healthy controls. However, there were no differences between the two groups in terms of socio-demographic variables.Conclusion: This study indicates that social support may be a predictor of acute coronary syndrome.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Arvidsson, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the effects of process-oriented group supervision as reported by female and male nursing students : a prospective longitudinal study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 22:3, s. 437-444
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to perform a large-scale investigation over a longer period of time, to evaluate changes in the effects of process-oriented group supervision (PGS) as reported by female and male nursing students undergoing a 3-year nursing education. The study included nursing students (n = 183) who were followed during their 3-year study period in relation to their participation in PGS.Methods:A questionnaire consisting of three subscales: supportive (six items), educational (six items) and developmental (six items) as well as three items of a socio-demographic character (age, gender and previous experience of healthcare work) was used. Student’s t-test was conducted to compare the educational, supportive and developmental subscales between the first and third year.Results:Females had a significant increase in the educational subscale (p = 0.018) over the 3-year study period, while no such difference was found for the males (p = 0.733). The female students also exhibited an increase in the supportive subscale (p = 0.031) over the 3-year period, while there was no difference for the male students (p = 0.426). There was also an increase in the developmental subscale for the female students over the 3-year period (p = 0.047) but no significant difference for their male counterparts (p = 0.912). For the study group as a whole, an increased positive effect of supervision was observed in the educational subscale (p = 0.020).Conclusions:The findings have strengthened the argument for the use of PGS in nursing education. To achieve the goal of PGS, which is supportive, educational and developmental in nature, it is important to bear in mind that the supervision needs of women and men can differ. Further research should therefore map out the supervisees’ experiences and expectations of participating in a single sex group.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Arvidsson, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of process-oriented group supervision as reported by nursing students : a pilot study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Vård i Norden. - Köpenhamn : SSN [Sjuksköterskornas samarbete i Norden]. - 0107-4083 .- 1890-4238. ; 28:1, s. 26-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One method to ensure that nursing students are better prepared for their future professional role can be to offer them process-oriented group supervision. The aim of this prospective, longitudinal pilot study was to evaluate the effects of a process-oriented group supervision programme (PGSP) comprising educational, supportive and developmental areas based on reports by nursing students undergoing a 3-year nursing education. The students (N=61) evaluated their experiences of the PGSP by means of a questionnaire, which they filled in after each study year. An independent t-test was conducted to compare the educational, supportive, and developmental areas after the first (2002), second (2003) and third year (2004) as well as over the whole 3-year study period. The result showed no significant difference in scores in the educational area. However, there was a significant increase in the supportive area (p=.03) over the 3-year period, which was especially noticeable during the first year (p=.013). There was also an increase in the developmental area over the 3-year period (p=.021) as well as during the first year (p=.024). Thus, PGSP seems to develop nursing students in their professional identity and personal growth. However, as this was a pilot study, a research implication is to perform a large-scale study over a longer period of time.
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| 8. |
- Arvidsson, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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The development of a questionnaire for evaluating process-oriented group supervision during nursing education
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nurse Education in Practice. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1471-5953 .- 1873-5223. ; 8:2, s. 88-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The benefits of process-oriented group supervision are difficult to evaluate, as the validity and reliability of the existing instruments have been questioned. The aim was to develop and test the psychometric properties of a questionnaire in order to evaluate the effects of process-oriented group supervision on nursing students during their three-year nursing education. A 55-item Process-oriented Group Supervision Questionnaire (PGSQ) with a developmental design was formulated on the basis of a literature review and the expectations of nursing students who participated in a three-year nursing education programme (N = 176). Construct validity and internal consistency reliability were tested at the end of each study year: year 1 (T1), year 2 (T2), and year 3 (T3) by means of exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s coefficient. An adequate explorative factor analysis (principal component analysis, varimax rotation) with an Eigenvalue >1.0 and factor loadings >0.40, reduced the questionnaire to 18 items comprising three factors labelled educative, supportive and developmental, which explained 60.2% at T1, 71.8% at T2, and 69.3% at T3 of the total cumulative variance. The corresponding Cronbach’s coefficient figures were 0.89 (T1), 0.94 (T2) and 0.93 (T3). The 18-item PGSQ is considered to be a short and useful tool due to its satisfactory validity and reliability figures.
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| 9. |
- Baigi, Amir, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular mortality focusing on socio-economic influence : the low-risk population of Halland compared to the population of Sweden as a whole
- 2002
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Ingår i: Public Health. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 116:5, s. 285-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and socioeconomic status (SES) in Sweden and to estimate to what extent the difference between a province with low mortality and the rest of Sweden was dependent on socio-economic factors. A population-based retrospective study with a historical prospective approach was performed covering a 10-y period in the province of Halland, Sweden, as well as Sweden as a whole. Altogether 1654 744 men and 1592 467 women were included, of whom 45 394 men and 43 403 women were from Halland, distributed according to SES. Multivariate analysis with Poisson regression was used. Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Both men and women with a low SES showed a significantly higher risk of death from CVD in Sweden as a whole. The risk was 23% higher for male blue-collar workers and 44% higher for female blue-collar workers when compared to their white-collar counterparts. The level of mortality in Halland was 14% lower compared to the country as a whole when only age was taken into account. When the socio-economic variable was also included, this figure was 8%. The results show the substantial significance of social differences with respect to CVD mortality. The effect of SES seems to be more important than that of geographical conditions when the latter are isolated from socio-economic influence.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Baigi, Amir, et al.
(författare)
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Life expectancy in the province of Halland, Sweden, 1911-50: the progress of public health in a long-living population
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 30:3, s. 231-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Life expectancy in Sweden is currently one of the longest in the world. The population of Halland has the longest life expectancy in Sweden. Aim: Life expectancy in the province of Halland and Sweden as a whole during 1911-50 was studied and the findings are discussed in the light of local historical data. Method: A trend analysis of risk ratio of death and life expectancy for Halland and Sweden was done for the period 1911-50 with regard to calendar year, age, and sex using a Poisson model. Results: The risk ratio between Halland and Sweden was 0.83 for 1911 and 0.76 for 1950. The risk ratio of death for women was lower compared with men and this difference increased over time. At the start of the study period life expectancy for men and women was higher in Halland (58.5 and 60.1 years, respectively) compared with Sweden (54.7 and 56.4 years, respectively) with a difference of approximately 3.8 years. At the end of the study period this difference in life expectancy for men and women in Halland (71.3 and 72.3 years, respectively) and the nation ( 68.0 and 69.2 years, respectively) had decreased to approximately 3.3 years. Conclusion: The long life expectancy seen in Halland today can be traced back to the early twentieth century. The starting point for this development seems to be a lower infant mortality in Halland compared with Sweden as a nation during the 1880-90. The basis for this might have been a greater increase of food production during the whole nineteenth century as well as other socioeconomic characteristics of Halland compared with the rest of the country.
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| 12. |
- Baigi, Amir, 1953
(författare)
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Life expectancy in the province of Halland, Sweden. A historic to modern, socio-epidemiological perspective with focus on cardiovascular diseases
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction One of the most concrete expressions of mortality in a population is the so-called life expectancy, i.e. a figure that indicates the average life span of an individual under the prevailing conditions. The life expectancy of a population is considered as a generic measure of public health. The province of Halland is situated in the Southwestern part of Sweden and has today a population of approximately 270 000 inhabitants. The province has retained its agrarian character, more so than the country as a whole. Today, the population of Halland has a life expectancy of 79.37 years, which is the highest in Sweden.The aim of the thesis was to study life expectancy and causes of death, in particular cardiovascular diseases in the province of Halland, compared to Sweden as a whole, for the purpose of identifying, from a socio-epidemiological perspective, important factors contributing to life expectancy during the 20th century.Material and Method Data on population, death rates and causes of death in Halland and Sweden between 1911 and 1950 were processed in a computer program specially designed for the purpose of studying life expectancy and causes of death from a historical perspective. From a modern perspective, mortality from cardiovascular diseases in both Halland and Sweden between 1980-1990 was investigated by means of a prospective design, the aim being to establish whether or not any association with socio-economic status exists. In addition, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the period 1980-1992 as well as chest pain in 1997 was studied with socio-economic status as a background variable. Poisson distribution, Poisson regression and logistic regression with 95% CI and p-value were employed.Results Since 1911, Halland has shown a longer life expectancy when compared to Sweden as a whole. From a historical perspective, this difference could be explained by lower infant mortality in combination with lower mortality from infectious diseases while, from a modern perspective, the explanations are lower mortality from cardiovascular diseases in general and ischaemic heart disease in particular. The favourable conditions in Halland can most likely be explained by the socio-structural differences in past times and individual differences in the present day.Conclusion The favourable health situation in Halland is based on a combination of a high standard of living and the associated rich nutritional intake resulting from the agricultural development of the province, in addition to the agrarian environment and the relatively homogeneous social structure.
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| 13. |
- Baigi, Amir, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Non-attendees' attitudes to the design of a cardiac rehabilitation programme focused on information of risk factors and professional involvement
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 8:1, s. 62-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Enhancing the accuracy of the content of cardiac rehabilitation programmes (CRPs) and providing the mediators preferred by patients can increase attendance rates in line with secondary prevention goals. The aim of this study was therefore to explore non-attendees' attitudes to the design of a CRP focused on information of risk factors and professional involvement. Method: Consecutive patients with coronary heart disease (n = 100) who declined to participate in a CRP answered a questionnaire focusing on patients' attitudes to risk factors and cardiac rehabilitation. Results: Non-attendees considered that information of hypertension and information of sedentary lifestyle constituted the most important content of a CRP. Physicians, nurses and social workers were considered the most suitable professional categories. Females preferred nurses when discussing smoking issues while males preferred physicians. More males compared to females preferred occupational therapists for dealing with stress, physicians for depression and social workers for social isolation. Conclusions: Non-attendees' attitudes are similar to those of attendees and quite traditional in that they favour physician or nurse-led activities. There is a difference in attitude between male and female.
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| 14. |
- Baigi, Amir, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of coherence as well as social support and network as perceived by patients with a suspected or manifest myocardial infarction: a short-term follow-up study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical Rehabilitation. - London : SAGE Publications. - 0269-2155 .- 1477-0873. ; 22:7, s. 646-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare sense of coherence as well as social support and network as perceived by ischaemic heart disease patients at baseline and two weeks post-discharge in terms of age, sex, educational and marital status. Design: Multicentre study with a prospective short-term follow-up design. Setting: A university hospital, a central hospital and a district hospital in southern Sweden. Subjects: Consecutive sample of 246 patients with a suspect or manifest myocardial infarction. Main measures: The Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-R), the Medical Outcome Study (MOS) Social Support Survey and the Sense of Coherence Scale were included in a self-administered questionnaire and answered twice, together with sociodemographic variables. Results: Bivariate analyses indicated changes in social support (practical support increased in men and decreased in women; both P= 0.003) and social network (family network increased among >65 year olds; P= 0.001, men; P= 0.013, and women; P= 0.033, those with a low; P=0.017, and intermediate; P= 0.033, educational level, as well as those cohabiting; P= 0.0001), but did not reveal any difference in sense of coherence. Conclusions: Sociodemographic variables have no influence on sense of coherence but do affect social support (i.e. practical support and social network, family). Ischaemic heart disease patients' short stay in hospital implies that the network outside the hospital has to assume responsibility, but at the same time it is important for health care professionals to have sufficient knowledge to be able to support the specific needs of patients and their family members.
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| 15. |
- Baigi, Amir, et al.
(författare)
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The association between socio-economic status and chest pain, focusing on self-rated health in a primary health care area of Sweden
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 11:4, s. 420-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study objective: The study objective was to determine, first, the association between men's and women's chest pain and their socio-economic status (occupation, smoking) and, secondly, the association between their socio-economic status and self-rated health, in a primary health care area. Design and setting: A population-based cross-sectional survey was made in a primary health care area of Sweden. Primarily based on occupation according to Swedish standards, 4,238 men and women were divided into two socio-economic groups; blue-collar and white-collar workers. Methods: Odds ratios with 95% Cl were calculated by multivariate logistic regression, controlling for the variable age as confounding factor. Student's t-test was used to compare self-rated health, and the chi (2)-test to determine any difference in smoking habits between the two groups. Main results: Both male and female blue-collar workers showed significantly more chest pain when excited than white-collar workers. In six of eight health indices, they also reported significantly worse self-rated health than the white-collar workers. Conclusions: These findings show that there are socio-economic inequalities in self-reported chest pain. Furthermore, socio-economic status has a major influence on self-rated health, acting across the working life of both sexes.
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| 16. |
- Baigi, Amir, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Tinnitus in the General Population With a Focus on Noise and Stress: A Public Health Study.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ear and hearing. - 1538-4667 .- 0196-0202.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES:: To evaluate the influence of noise and stress on the probability of tinnitus in the general population. DESIGN:: Questionnaire data from 12,166 subjects. RESULTS:: Each year of age increased the odds ratio of tinnitus by about 3%. Men generally showed a higher risk for tinnitus compared with women. Exposure to noise and stress emerged important for the probability of tinnitus. However, for the transition from mild to severe tinnitus, stress turned out to be especially important. CONCLUSIONS:: Stress management strategies should be included in hearing conservation programs, especially for individuals with mild tinnitus who report a high stress load.
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| 17. |
- Bergh, Håkan, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Consultations for injuries by frequent attenders are found to be medically appropriate from general practitioners' perspective.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 33:3, s. 228-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: A study was carried out to determine whether frequent attenders' (FAs') consultations for injuries are medically appropriate or not. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of medical records in a primary healthcare centre. All injury consultations by frequent attenders and controls during a period of one year were evaluated by two general practitioners (GPs). Outcome variables were: number of injuries, chronic diseases, type of injuries, and their treatments. The GPs made a comprehensive picture of each case and evaluated whether it was medically appropriate to consult a doctor or not. RESULTS: Injuries were 7.2 times more common among frequent attenders compared with the controls. Frequent attenders had significantly more chronic diseases. Mean number of injury consultations was the same for frequent attenders with or without chronic disease. There was no difference concerning medically appropriate consultations between frequent attenders and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Consultations for injuries with frequent attenders were considered medically appropriate. Chronic diseases did not explain the higher injury incidence among frequent attenders. These findings are interesting and contradict the opinion that increased healthcare consumption by FAs is a waste of resources. Our findings may suggest that FAs are more vulnerable individuals.
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| 18. |
- Bergh, Håkan, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Life events, social support and sense of coherence among frequent attenders in primary health care.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Public health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 120, s. 229-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this survey was to compare stressful life events, social support and sense of coherence (SOC) between frequent attenders (FAs) and normal attenders (controls) in primary health care. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary healthcare centre in the south-west of Sweden. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to 263 frequent attenders and 703 normal attenders. The questionnaire comprised sociodemographic variables and scales of stressful life events, social support and SOC. The results from the questionnaire were compared between the groups, and the significance of the variables in terms of attendance was tested in a multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: More of the FAs were secondarily single, they had more chronic diseases and were more often living on a sickness/disablement pension than the controls. FAs did not report more stressful life events than the controls nor was their experience of events more negative. Social support was as strong among FAs as among controls, and it had no significant effect on their frequent attendance. FAs had a significantly weaker SOC compared with controls. The variables that significantly influenced frequent attendance were high age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.02], chronic disease (OR = 3.08), sickness/disablement pension (OR = 2.46) and SOC (OR = 0.97). CONCLUSIONS: SOC had a significant influence on frequent attendance in primary health care, but stressful life events and social support did not. FAs did not report more stressful life events. However, due to an inadequate coping strategy, indicated by a weak SOC, the life events probably caused them more symptoms and diseases, and thereby a higher consulting frequency.
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| 19. |
- Bergh, Håkan, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive factors for long-term sick leave and disability pension among frequent and normal attenders in primary health care over 5 years.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Public health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506. ; 121:1, s. 25-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To find predictive factors for long-term sick leave (SL) and disability pension (DP) among frequent attenders (FAs) and normal attenders (NAs) in primary health care. STUDY DESIGN: A cohort study with follow-up over 5 years. METHODS: Groups of FAs and NAs were followed over 5 years. Information about background, situation, sociodemography, life events, social support and sense of coherence were gathered at baseline. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influence of each variable on long-term SL and receipt of a DP. RESULTS: During the study period, 18.9% of FAs received long-term SL/DP compared with 6% of NAs. Chronic disease was a predictive factor for long-term SL/DP among FAs [odds ratio (OR) 7.0] and NAs (OR 3.4). Among FAs, a life event was also a predictive factor (OR 2.1). Each additional life event increased the ratio of FAs with long-term SL/DP by 110%. Conflicts and losses had the greatest negative effects on FAs. CONCLUSIONS: FAs are a high-risk group for long-term SL/DP. Besides chronic disease, a life event was the only predictive factor for long-term SL/DP among FAs. These findings indicate that FAs are a vulnerable group for stressful events. Consequently, healthcare personnel should take more notice of life events among FAs.
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| 20. |
- Bergh, Håkan, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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The Association Between Sublingual Varices and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Vascular Health and Risk Management. - 1176-6344. ; 18, s. 319-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study the association between sublingual varices (SV) and cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors. Methods: A total of 989 consecutive dental patients aged 55-84 years participated in the study, which applied a survey about risk factors, diseases and medications. Digital photos of the lateral borders of the tongue, height, weight, waist, hip and blood pressure were registered, and blood samples were analyzed. Those with SV were compared with those without SV (nSV). Results: Those with SV had more hypertension 41.8% vs 27.0% (p<0.0001), a higher systolic blood pressure (BP) 139.5 (SD 18.6) mmHg vs 134.3 (SD 18.8) mmHg (95% CI -7.73 - -2.72), more diabetes type 2 (DM-2) 7.4% vs 3.8% (p=0.014), a higher fasting plasma glucose 5.9 (SD 1.5) mmol/L vs 5.7 (SD 1.0) mmol/L (95% CI -0.42 - -0.05), more dyslipidemia 24.1% vs 17.7% (p=0.018), lower HDL 1.6 vs 1.7 (p=0.003), a greater waist circumference 97.0 cm vs 93.9 cm (95% CI -4.66 - -1.46), a greater waist/hip ratio 0.92 cm/cm vs 0.90 cm/cm (95% CI -0.03 - -0.01), and a higher BMI 26.6 kg/m(2) vs 26.0 kg/m(2) (95% CI -1.11 - -0.03). The following associations with SV were found in multivariate analysis: hypertension OR=1.6 (95% CI 1.19 -2.13), a high systolic BP OR =1.5 (95% CI 1.11 -2.13), a high tP-glucose OR= 1.8 (95% CI 1.03 -3.21), a low HDL OR= 1.8 (95% CI 1.15 -2.92), a greater waist circumference OR= 1.68 (95% CI 1.10 -2.58), a greater waist/hip ratio OR=2.21 (95% CI 1.36 -3.58), and a higher HMI OR=1.05 (95% CI 1.02 -1.09). Conclusion: This study shows an association between SV and a high BP, a high fP-glucose, hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, older age and smoking.
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| 21. |
- Brolin, Rosita, et al.
(författare)
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Satisfaction with housing and housing support for people with psychiatric disabilities
- 2015
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Ingår i: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0161-2840 .- 1096-4673. ; 36:1, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of satisfaction with housing and housing support for people with psychiatric disabilities in Sweden. A total of 370 residents, in supported housing and in ordinary housing with housing support, completed a new questionnaire and reported a high degree of overall satisfaction, but many of them wanted to move somewhere else. Differences were found between the two different types of housing concerning satisfaction with housing support, social life and available choices. Security and privacy, as well as other's influence on the choice of residential area and dwelling proved to be important predictors for satisfaction.
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| 22. |
- Bräutigam Ewe, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of patients seeking a health promotion and weight reduction program in primary care
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. - Macclesfield : Dove Medical Press (Dovepress). - 1178-2390. ; 12, s. 235-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: An important task in primary health care (PHC) is to address lifestyle-related diseases. Overweight (OW) individuals make up a large proportion of PHC patients, and they increasingly have lifestyle-related illnesses that influence their quality of life. Structured health promotion and weight reduction programs could help these patients. The objective of this study was to explore the characteristics, lifestyle habits, and health conditions of individuals seeking a health promotion and weight reduction program in PHC.Patients and methods: The study involved a comparative cross-sectional design performed in PHC in southwestern Sweden. The study population comprised 286 participants (231 women, aged 40–65 years, body mass index [BMI] 28–35 kg/m2) who were recruited between March 2011 and April 2014 to the 2-year program by adverts in local newspapers and recruitment from three PHC centers. Two reference populations were used: a general population group and an OW group. The study population data were collected using a questionnaire, with validated questions regarding health, lifestyle, illnesses, and health care utilization.Results: People seeking a health promotion and weight reduction program were mostly women. They had a higher education level and experienced worse general health than the OW population, and they visited PHC more frequently than both reference groups. They also felt more stressed, humiliated, had more body pain, and smoked less compared to the general population. However, they did not exercise less or had a lower intake of fruits and vegetables than either reference population.Conclusion: Individuals seeking a weight reduction program were mostly women with a higher education level and a worse general health than the OW population. They used more health care services compared to the reference groups.
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| 23. |
- Bräutigam-Ewe, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of patients seeking a health promotion and weight reduction program in primary care
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. - 1178-2390. ; 12, s. 235-242
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: An important task in primary health care (PHC) is to address lifestyle-related diseases. Overweight (OW) individuals make up a large proportion of PHC patients, and they increasingly have lifestyle-related illnesses that influence their quality of life. Structured health promotion and weight reduction programs could help these patients. The objective of this study was to explore the characteristics, lifestyle habits, and health conditions of individuals seeking a health promotion and weight reduction program in PHC. Patients and methods: The study involved a comparative cross-sectional design performed in PHC in southwestern Sweden. The study population comprised 286 participants (231 women, aged 40-65 years, body mass index [BMI] 28-35 kg/m(2)) who were recruited between March 2011 and April 2014 to the 2-year program by adverts in local newspapers and recruitment from three PHC centers. Two reference populations were used: a general population group and an OW group. The study population data were collected using a questionnaire, with validated questions regarding health, lifestyle, illnesses, and health care utilization. Results: People seeking a health promotion and weight reduction program were mostly women. They had a higher education level and experienced worse general health than the OW population, and they visited PHC more frequently than both reference groups. They also felt more stressed, humiliated, had more body pain, and smoked less compared to the general population. However, they did not exercise less or had a lower intake of fruits and vegetables than either reference population. Conclusion: Individuals seeking a weight reduction program were mostly women with a higher education level and a worse general health than the OW population. They used more health care services compared to the reference groups.
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| 24. |
- Bräutigam-Ewe, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Two-year weight, risk and health factor outcomes of a weight-reduction intervention programme : Primary prevention for overweight in a multicentre primary healthcare setting
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - Abingdon : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 38:2, s. 192-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study the long-term effects of weight reduction, quality of life and sense of coherence in a primary health care (PHC)-based programme with two different intensities. Design: Prospective two-armed randomised intervention. Setting: Three PHC centres in south west of Sweden. Subjects: In total, 289 women and men aged 40-65 years with a BMI of 28-35 were recruited for a two-year weight-reduction programme. Participants were randomized to high-intensity or low-intensity groups. Blood samples, physical measurements and questionnaires were analysed. Participants received cookbooks and dietary lectures. The high-intensity group also received Motivational interviewing (MI), dietary advice on prescription (DAP- advice), a grocery store lecture, a website and weekly e-mails. Main outcome measures: Weight, quality of life, risks and health factors. Results: In total, 182 (64%) participants completed the 2-year follow-up. The total sample reduced their weight by 1 kg (p = 0.006). No significant differences regarding weight were found between the groups. Anxiety/depression decreased in EQ5-D (p = 0.021), EQ5-D VAS (p = 0.002) and SOC (p = 0.042). Between the groups, there were significant differences in EQ5-D usual activities (p = 0.004), anxiety/depression (p = 0.013), pain/discomfort (p = 0.041), fruit and vegetables (p = 0.005), HLV anxiety (p = 0.005), and visits to nurses (p = 0.012). Conclusion: The total population lost weight, and the high-intensity and low-intensity programmes did not result in significant differences in terms of weight. The high-intensity programme reported health benefits linked to lower levels of anxiety and depression, increased activity and intake of greens and reduced visits to physicians and nurses.Key points Both groups had a consisting weight- reduction after two years. High intensity did not lead to a significant difference in weight reduction between the groups. The high-intensity group reported more health effects, such as better quality of life, reduced anxiety, and increased greenery intake. It is unknown how much support patients in a weight- reduction programme in PHC require to succeed with weight loss and a healthy lifestyle. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Ericson Sjöström, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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GP and patient predictions of sick-listing duration: How well do they correspond? A prospective observational study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 32:2, s. 73-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To explore how well physicians and patients predict sick-listing duration and the correspondence between their respective predictions. To study possible gender differences concerning prediction accuracy. Design. Prospective observational study. Setting. Two medium-sized primary care centres (PCC) in western Sweden. Subjects. GPs at the PCCs and attending patients sick-listed for > 14 days. Main outcome measures. Sick-listing duration; patients' and GPs' predictions of the total duration of the individual patient's sick-listing. Results. A total of 127 patients (93 women, 34 men, mean age 45 years) and 10 GPs participated in the study. Neither the GPs nor the patients were able to predict the interval until return to work with high accuracy. The GPs' and the patients' perceptions concurred in only 26% of cases. There was a significant difference in the correspondence between the GPs' and patients' respective predictions of sick-listing duration compared with the actual duration. GPs' predictions were more accurate for medium-length duration (1.5-6 months), while patients' predictions were more accurate for long-duration (> 6 months) sick-listing. Patients with less education predicted long duration of sick-listing more accurately than those with more education. There was no significant difference between male and female patients' accuracy of prediction, or between GPs' accuracy of prediction of male vs. female patients' sick-listing duration. Conclusions. Prediction of total sick-listing duration was hard for both GP and patient; their respective predictions corresponded in only one-quarter of the cases. No gender differences were observed in the accuracy of prediction.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Eriksson, Linn, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Ett generellt skolbaserat hälsopromotivt program : en studie om skolungdomars mat- och rörelsevanor, tilltro till egen förmåga och syn på kroppsligt utseende
- 2010
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Ingår i: Aktuell beteende- och samhällsvetenskaplig idrottsforskning. - Lund : Svensk förening för beteendevetenskaplig idrottsforskning - SVEBI. - 0284-4672. ; , s. 54-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is a one year case study of a programme promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits in a secondary school. The aim was to describe and evaluate a school-based health promoting programme on interest in and participation in physical education (PE), eating habits and physical exercise habits, Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance and self-efficacy for boys and girls before and after the programme. One hundred and sixty-four participants completed questionnaires in December 2007 and December 2008. The results showed increased interest and active participation in PE in girls and an opposite among boys at the post-test. Fewer boys reported regular eating habits after the programme. Girls scored higher on the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire subdomain awareness of a slimness ideal, and boys on the subdomain awareness of a muscular body as well as on the subdomain muscular appearance at the post-test. The results from this study cannot be generalized. Instead, the findings can be used for future research and to develop school-based health promotion programs. Conclusions and implications are discussed in the article.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Eriksson, Linn, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Obsession with diet among fitness center participants in relation to body ideal and social physique anxiety
- 2009
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Ingår i: 6th Eass Conference “Sports, Bodies, Identities” Rome, May 27th - 31st 2009.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies indicate that women are more likely than men to exercise for appearancerelated reasons, but today, even men have become more concerned about how they look. Exercise and/or diets are sometimes used in an attempt to develop a more attractive physique. Strict diets such as an obsession with healthy food, sometimes termed orthorexia nervosa (ON), are controversial and have been questioned by researchers. This study investigates how scores on the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) and the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ) relate to Bratman’s orthorexia test (BOT) scores with regard to age, sex, and self-reported exercise frequency and duration. The fitness participants (n=251, 166 women and 85 men, 21% dropout) were consecutively selected from five fitness centers in Sweden. They completed the BOT, SPAS, SATAQ, and a questionnaire focusing on exercise frequency and duration. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was used and the significance level set at 5%. In men, the results indicated that the SATAQ subdomain internalization could itself explain the variation in BOT results. In women, the results demonstrated that exercise frequency, in combination with the SPAS score and the SATAQ subdomains of internalization and awareness, could explain the variation in BOT results. Internalization of a slimness ideal (for women) and a muscular body (for men) can be a risk factor for obsession with diet. In the same way, higher exercise frequency, a higher level of social physique anxiety and awareness of Western body ideals seem to be predictors of obsession with diet among women. It is possible that the fitness center environment emphasizes a body ideal that leads to an increased obsession with diet. On the other hand, it may be that people who are aware of the body ideal and are obsessed with diet are the ones who engage in fitness center activities.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Eriksson, Linn, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Social physique anxiety and sociocultural attitudes toward appearance impact on orthorexia test in fitness participants
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - Copenhagen : Munksgaard Forlag. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 18:3, s. 389-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates how scores on the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) and the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ) relate to Bratman's orthorexia test (BOT) scores with regard to age, sex, and self-reported exercise frequency and duration in a sample of Swedish participants in fitness center activities. A total of 251 participants (166 women and 85 men) completed the SPAS, the SATAQ, and a questionnaire focusing on exercise frequency and duration. The results indicated that the SATAQ subdomain internalization could itself explain the variation in BOT results. In women, the results indicated that exercise frequency, followed by SPAS score and the SATAQ subdomains internalization and awareness, could together explain the variation in BOT results. Fitness centers could make a point of emphasizing that some physical ideals are neither healthy nor realistic, thus strengthening member self-image and preventing social physique anxiety, eating disorders, and negative attitudes toward appearance.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Frank, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Patient participation in the emergency department : an evaluation using a specific instrument to measure patient participation (PPED
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Blackwell publishing. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 67:4, s. 728-735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study aimed at evaluating patient participation from the perspective of patients who received care in emergency departments, with a separate examination of the relationship between participation and age, sex, education and priority level.Background: International and national guidelines encourage patient participation. High patient participation is required to ensure a high quality of care. No studies evaluating patient participation at an emergency department have been published.Methods: An evaluating study, with the Patient Participation Emergency Department questionnaire, was conducted at emergency departments in Sweden. A consecutive sample of 356 patients participated. Data was collected in 2008: participants were 49% women and with an average age of 56 years. The statistical methods used were Student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA and Spearman correlation.Results: The results revealed that patients experienced good requirement such as time and information for participation. Mutual participation demonstrated a reasonable level but patient participation is low in two dimensions (Fight for participation, Participation in getting basic needs satisfied). Young and well‑educated patients fought more to participate in their care and gained less attention for basic needs than older and less well‑educated patients.Conclusions: Patient participation in a mutual care situation between patients and healthcare professionals requires further improvement to ensure that patients are satisfied and do not have to struggle and fight in order to participate in their care.
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| 36. |
- Frank, Catharina, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Questionnarie for patient participation in emergency departments : development and psychometric testing
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 67:3, s. 643-651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The aim of the study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of a patient participation questionnaire in emergency departments. Background Patient participation is an important indicator of quality of healthcare. International and national health care policy guidelines promote patient participation. While patients cared for in emergency departments generally express dissatisfaction with their care, a review of the literature fails to reveal any scientifically tested research instruments for assessing patient participation from the perspective of patients. Methods A methodological study was conducted involving a convenience sample of 356 patients recently cared for in emergency departments in Sweden. Data was collected in 2008 and the analyses performed were tested for construct and criterion validity and also homogeneity and stability reliability. Results A 17- item questionnaire was developed. Two separate factor analyses revealed a distinct four- factor solution which was labelled: fight for participation, requirement for participation, mutual participation and participating in getting basic needs satisfied. Criterion validity presented showed 9 out of 20 correlations above 0.30 and of those 3 moderate correlations of 0.62, 0.63 and 0.70. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ranged from 0.63 - 0.84 and test- retest varied between 0.59 and 0.93. Conclusion The results signify evidence of acceptable validity and reliability and the questionnaire makes it possible to evaluate patient participation in ED caring situations. In addition it produces data which is useable by a diverse range of healthcare professionals.
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| 37. |
- Fridlund, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Developing and establishing the psychometric properties of an Ethos towards Wellness Questionnaire (EtWeQ)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing. - Irvine : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 4:7, s. 538-547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Validated instruments exist measuring parts of personal health, ill-health and lifestyle, but there are few, if any, instruments “grasping the big picture” of wellness and ethos. Accordingly the aim was to develop and establish the psychometric properties of a 74-item Ethos towards Wellness Questionnaire (EtWeQ) with regards to content and construct validity, as well as homogeneity and stability reliability. Methods: A questionnaire based on a methodological and developmental design was sent out twice with a four week gap between, on 221 healthy middle-aged participants in four steps: item generating, content validating, statistical analyzing and establishing the final questionnaire. Results: The substantial base, consisting of content validity resulted in, besides basic characteristics, six well-defined and sufficient indexes comprising of; two health indexes (healthiness and ill-healthiness), three life context indexes (work, family, spare time), and one brief comprehensive index (ethos). The three life context as well as the ethos indexes at an ordinal scale level, identified overall satisfactory communalities of >0.30, factor loadings > 0.30, and factor total variance > 50% with regard to construct validity. The homogeneity reliability, in terms of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient > 0.70, at both occasions with a four week gap between, as well as the stability reliability in terms of intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70, were also considered satisfactory in the same indexes. Conclusions: This newly developed, and likely the only questionnaire focusing on “grasping the big human picture”, was based on both a philosophical reasoning and empirical recommendations of wellness, is shown to be a valid and reliable measurement in screening or in follow-up of healthy people’s wellness and ethos.
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| 38. |
- Fridlund, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Developing and testing the psychometric properties of a short-form questionnaire regarding the psychosocial condition after a cardiac event
- 2010
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Ingår i: Vård i Norden. - København : SSN [Sjuksköterskornas samarbete i Norden]. - 0107-4083 .- 1890-4238. ; 30:2, s. 29-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychosocial difficulties in patients after a cardiac event is well-known concept yet no systematic or routine assessment with focus on their psychosocial condition with regard to coping, social support and sense of coherence is established. Accordingly the aim of this pilot study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of a short-form questionnaire regarding patients’ psychosocial condition after a cardiac event to be used in every day clinical practice. This pilot study, which had a methodological design, used selected sample of 30 participants to answer a questionnaire built on 37 items in order to determine face, content and construct validity and homogeneity reliability. Five factors built on 18 items emerged, all with good values for the psychometric tests chosen, and labelled according to their theoretical belongings: closeness, belongingness, availability, concordance and outlook. This short-form questionnaire measuring the psychosocial condition after a cardiac event useful in every day clinical practice seems appropriate but needs further psychometric development carried out in large scale studies with regard to cultural-socio-demographics and diagnoses.
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| 39. |
- Fridlund, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing the psychometric properties of the comprehensive ethos towards wellness questionnaire in a Norwegian population
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Holistic Nursing. - : Sage Publications. - 0898-0101 .- 1552-5724. ; 33:4, s. 366-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: to replicate and establish the psychometric properties of the 74-item comprehensive Ethos Towards Wellness Questionnaire in a healthy Norwegian population in terms of content and construct validity as well as homogeneity and stability reliability.METHOD: A questionnaire with a methodological and developmental design was sent on two occasions to 214 healthy middle-aged participants and processed in two phases.RESULTS: The three life context and the ethos indexes at ordinal scale level showed an overall satisfactory construct validity (communalities > 0.30, factor loadings > 0.30, and factor total variance > 50%). On two occasions 4 weeks apart, reliability in terms of homogeneity (Cronbach's α > .70) and stability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.70) were also considered satisfactory for the same four indexes.CONCLUSIONS: This newly developed and possibly only questionnaire that focuses on "grasping the big human picture," based on both philosophical reasoning and empirical recommendations of wellness, was found to be valid and reliable in the screening and follow-up of wellness and ethos in a healthy Norwegian population.
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| 40. |
- Geijer, J., et al.
(författare)
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Inter-rater reliability among psychiatrists when assessing depression according to the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a validated tool for rating the depth of depression. The structured interview guide for the MADRS (SIGMA) is an interview guide that has been developed in order to increase the inter-rater reliability. Patients often meet more than one psychiatrists during their hospitalization for depression. A divergent rating of depression between psychiatrists could affect both the treatment and the outcome. This makes knowledge of the inter-rater reliability among psychiatrists important. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to measure the inter-rater reliability between psychiatrists when rating depression using the MADRS. Methods: Ten in-patients, who were diagnosed with depression, were filmed while being interviewed using the SIGMA. The patients were after that instructed to rate themselves using the self-rating version of the MADRS. Ten psychiatrists rated the pre-recorded interviews according to the MADRS. The inter-rater reliability was measured using intra-class correlation (ICC). Results: The mean ICC for the total MADRS score was 0.952 (95% CI 0.891–0.986; p<.001) and Cronbach’s alpha 0.961. ICC values for each item ranged between 0.866 and 0.978 (p<.001). Cronbach’s alpha ranged between 0.905 and 0.984. The ICC values, when comparing the psychiatrists rating to the patients rating, ranged between 0.307 and 0.809 (p<.001). Conclusion: All of the ICC values in the study, except when comparing the psychiatrists rating to the patients self-rating, were considered to be excellent. This study confirms the findings of reliability found in similar studies which involved fewer raters and not exclusively psychiatrists. © 2021 The Nordic Psychiatric Association.
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| 41. |
- Haraldsson, Katarina, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a school-based health promotion programme for adolescents aged 12-15 years with focus on well-being related to stress.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Public health. - London : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 122:1, s. 25-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate a school-based adolescent health promotion programme with focus on well-being related to stress. STUDY DESIGN: Interventional and evaluative with tests before and after the intervention. The study was performed in two secondary schools in a town on the west coast of Sweden. METHODS: A health promotion programme comprising massage and mental training was implemented for a single academic year in one school (intervention school, 153 participants) in order to strengthen and maintain well-being. No intervention was implemented in the other school (non-intervention school, 287 participants). A questionnaire was developed and tested, resulting in 23 items distributed across the following six areas: self-reliance; leisure time; being an outsider; general and home satisfaction; school satisfaction; and school environment. RESULTS: A pre- and postintervention comparison of the six areas was made within each school. In the intervention school, the boys maintained a very good or good sense of well-being related to stress in all six areas, while the girls' sense of well-being was maintained in five areas and deteriorated in one area. In the non-intervention school, the boys maintained a very good or good sense of well-being related to stress in four areas and deteriorated in two areas, while the girls' sense of well-being was maintained in two areas and deteriorated in four areas. CONCLUSION: Massage and mental training helped to maintain adolescents' very good or good sense of well-being related to stress. A questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability was developed and tested in order to evaluate the health promotional approach. However, there is a need for further study to develop both the intervention and the questionnaire for young people.
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| 42. |
- Haraldsson, K, et al.
(författare)
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The self-reported health condition of women after their participation in a stress management programme: a pilot study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Health & Social Care in the Community. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0410 .- 1365-2524. ; 13:3, s. 224-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From a public health perspective, it is important to develop effective measures to deal with stress which are based on the individual's participation, such as stress management provided in group sessions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the self-reported health condition of women in terms of their general symptoms, stress and sense of coherence (SOC) after participation in a stress management programme. The intervention, which had a modified crossover design and involved 40 women divided into two groups (G1 and G2), comprised eight meetings, the content of which was both theoretical and practical, and included information about stress, stress management, massage and mental training. A questionnaire was filled in on three occasions: before and after the intervention (8 weeks later), and after another 8 weeks (16 weeks later). The questionnaire contained 60 items comprising background factors, general symptoms, stress and SOC. No significant differences existed between the groups at baseline. In favour of the intervention, significant differences were found between the groups with regard to fewer general symptoms (P = 0.035) as well as a tendency to stress reduction (P = 0.060). A comparison within groups showed that both groups had a significant reduction in symptoms after the intervention (G1, P = 0.002; and G2, P = 0.003) and in reduced stress (both P = 0.001). After a further 8 weeks, both groups still showed significantly fewer general symptoms and reduced stress, as well as significant improvements with regard to SOC (G1, P = 0.012; and G2, P = 0.026). These findings indicate that the combination of mental training and massage in this stress management programme had a positive influence on the women's health condition. The pilot study design could be used in a full-scale study with randomised groups.
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| 43. |
- Hildingh, Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of coherence and experiences of social support and mastery in the early discharge period after an acute cardiac event
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 17:10, s. 1303-1311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to examine sense of coherence and experiences of change in social support and mastery from a short-term perspective in patients who had been admitted to hospital with a suspected myocardial infarction.Background: The early discharge period after an acute cardiac event can be a stressful and vulnerable time when psychosocial resources are of the utmost importance. A positive outcome in an encounter with a stressor is thought to be linked to a strong sense of coherence, social support and mastery.Design: A multi-centre survey was conducted in three hospitals in southern Sweden.Methods: The sample was 300, 241 of whom completed the questionnaires; while in hospital and two weeks postdischarge.Results: In the early discharge period a low sense of coherence was found in over 60% of the sample. There was an association between social support and mastery and between sense of coherence and mastery. Differences in social support ratings, with lower ratings two weeks postdischarge, were found among women and persons over 65 years of age.Conclusions: This study adds knowledge about experiences in the early discharge period. Changes in ratings of social support but not in ratings of mastery were found between baseline and two weeks postdischarge.Relevance to clinical practice: Healthcare professionals need to be sensitive to patients’ sense of coherence, mastery and need for social support during the early discharge period. They can help patients to identify adequate support strategies and prevent future potential complications. However, to routinely assess sense of coherence, social support and mastery, there is a need for a simple and useful instrument in clinical practice.
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| 44. |
- Hildingh, Cathrine, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Stress and self-rated health : comparison between 26-year old Swedish women at intervals of twenty years
- 2006
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Ingår i: Vård i Norden. - Oslo, Norway : SSN, Sykepleiernes Samarbeid i Norden. - 0107-4083 .- 1890-4238. ; 26:3, s. 30-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In society of today there are great demands on young women concerning education, work and social life and also concerning health and beauty expectations. The aim of this study was to compare 26-year old Swedish women studied at intervals of twenty years concerning stress in daily life and self-rated health. The participants in 2002 (n=386) answered the same questionnaire that was used twenty years ago in a prospective population study (n=85). The result showed no difference in self-rated health between the two groups. However, women in 2002 reported more stress and health complaints such as exhaustion, sleep disorders, restlessness and difficulty concentration. They also reported low energy level and bad appetite. This discomfort must be interpreted with caution and not necessarily as ill health. However, it is important to take the experience of stress in daily life and the increase in health complaints into consideration even if women today rate their health as good in order to avoid lasting imbalance and thereby future diseases.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Hildingh, Cathrine, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Stress, health complaints and self-confidence : a comparison between young adult women in Sweden and USA
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Chichester, UK : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 20:2, s. 202-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transition to adulthood is a period in life when women encounter conflicts, ambiguities and rapidly expanding roles that may be stressful and difficult to manage. The aim of this study was to compare stress in daily life, health complaints and self-confidence in 26-year old women in two different cultures. A health survey study was performed among Swedish women (n = 386) and American women (n = 201) living in urban areas at the West coast of Sweden and in Minnesota. Both Swedish and American women reported stress in their everyday life, with higher figures for the Americans. Overall health was rated lower by the Swedish women and they reported more health complaints such as headache, general tiredness, irritability, depression and sleeping disorders. There was a difference between groups in self-confidence with higher figures for excellent self-confidence among American women. However, low self-confidence was reported by more American than Swedish women. A good work situation predicted self-confidence in Swedish women and financial confidence in American women. Physical fitness was associated with self-confidence in both groups. Young women in both cultures experienced high level of stress but health related complaints were more common among Swedish women. High stress and health complaints must be taken seriously and interventions to support young women in the midst of transition to adulthood should contain stress reduction as well as empowerment performed in a more effective way than today in different health care settings and at place of work.
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| 47. |
- Hildingh, Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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The association among hypertension and reduced psychological well-being, anxiety and sleep disturbances : a population study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 24:2, s. 366-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypertension (HP) is a serious condition affecting about one quarter of all adults, both men and women. Genetic and environmental factors are of importance in its aetiology, while psychosocial factors may also play a role. This study focused on psychosocial factors and examined the association among reduced psychological well-being, anxiety, sleep disturbances and HP by comparing people with HP and the general population. A national survey of 12 166 individuals (hypertensives n = 2047; rest of population n = 10 119) was conducted using two-step multiple logistic regression with an odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval. The study is in accordance with Swedish legislation pertaining to ethics. Reduced psychological well-being, anxiety and sleep disturbances were higher in the HP group and, in addition, reduced psychological well-being was, still higher in the presence of severe anxiety and serious sleep disturbances. These three factors are of major importance for HP, but it is difficult to know whether they are causes or consequences. In order to prevent HP, support for people who exhibit such risk factors should be a matter of high priority.
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| 48. |
- Jawad, Monir, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to surgery is associated with better long-term outcomes in patients admitted to Swedish intensive care units
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 64:8, s. 1154-1161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Long-term outcomes of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) after surgery are unknown. We investigated the long-term effects of surgical exposure prior to ICU admission. Methods Registry-based cohort study. The adjusted effect of surgical exposure for mortality was examined using Cox regression. Secondary analysis with conditional logistic regression in a case-control subpopulation matched for age, gender, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score III (SAPS3) was also conducted. Results 72 242 adult patients (56.9% males, median age 66 years [IQR 50-76]), admitted to Swedish ICUs in 3-year (2012-2014) were followed for a median of 2026 days (IQR 1745-2293). Cardiovascular diseases (17.5%), respiratory diseases (15.8%), trauma (11.2%), and infections (11.4%) were the leading causes for ICU admission. Mortality at longest follow-up was 49.4%. Age; SAPS3; admissions due to malignancies, respiratory, cardiovascular and renal diseases; and transfer to another ICU were associated with increased mortality. Surgical exposure prior to ICU admission (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.90; 95% CI 0.87-0.94; P < .001), admissions from the operation theatre (aHR 0.94; CI 0.90-0.99; P = .022) or post-anaesthesia care unit (aHR 0.92; CI 0.87-0.97; P = .003) were associated with decreased mortality. Conditional logistic regression confirmed the association between surgical exposure and decreased mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.82; CI 0.75-0.91; P < .001). Conclusions Long-term ICU mortality was associated with known risk factors such as age and SAPS3. Transfer to other ICUs also appeared to be a risk factor and requires further investigation. Prior surgical exposure was associated with better outcomes, a noteworthy observation given limited ICU admissions after surgery in Sweden.
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| 49. |
- Jawad, M., et al.
(författare)
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Swedish surgical outcomes study (SweSOS) An observational study on 30-day and 1-year mortality after surgery
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Anaesthesiology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0265-0215. ; 33:5, s. 317-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUNDThe European Surgical Outcomes Study (EuSOS) revealed large variations in outcomes among countries. In-hospital mortality and ICU admission rates in Sweden were low, going against the assumption that access to ICU improves outcome. Long-term mortality was not reported in EuSOS and is generally poorly described in the current literature.OBJECTIVETo describe the characteristics of the Swedish subset of EuSOS and identify predictors of short and long-term mortality after surgery.DESIGNAn observational cohort study.SETTINGSix universities and two regional hospitals in Sweden.PATIENTSA cohort of 1314 adult patients scheduled for surgery between 4 April and 11 April 2011.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES30-day and 1-year mortality.RESULTSA total of 303 patients were lost to follow-up, leaving 1011 for analysis; 69% of patients were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists' physical status 1 or 2, and 68% of surgical procedures were elective. The median length of stay in postanaesthesia care units (PACUs) was 175min (interquartile range 110-270); 6.6% of patients had PACU length of stay of more than 12h and 3.6% of patients were admitted to the ICU postoperatively. Thirty-day mortality rate was 1.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.6] and 8.5% (CI 6.8-10.2) at 1 year (n=18 and 86). The risk of death was higher than in an age and sex-matched population after 30 days (standardised mortality ratio 10.0, CI 5.9-15.8), and remained high after 1 year (standardised mortality ratio 3.9, CI 3.1-4.8). Factors predictive of 30-day mortality were age, American Society of Anesthesiologists' physical status, number of comorbidities, urgency of surgery and ICU admission. For 1-year mortality, age, number of comorbidities and urgency of surgery were independently predictive. ICU admission and long stay in PACU were not significant predictors of long-term mortality.CONCLUSIONMortality rate increased almost five-fold at 1 year compared with 30-day mortality after surgery, demonstrating a significantly sustained long-term risk of death in this surgical population. In Sweden, factors associated with long-term postoperative mortality were age, number of comorbidities and surgical urgency.
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| 50. |
- Jawad, Monir, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish surgical outcomes study (SweSOS) : An observational study on 30-day and 1-year mortality after surgery
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Anaesthesiology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1365-2346 .- 0265-0215. ; 33:5, s. 317-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Surgical Outcomes Study (EuSOS) revealed large variations in outcomes among countries. In-hospital mortality and ICU admission rates in Sweden were low, going against the assumption that access to ICU improves outcome. Long-term mortality was not reported in EuSOS and is generally poorly described in the current literature.
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