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- Bakardjieva, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Citizenship and Activism : Questions of Power and Participation Online
- 2012
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Ingår i: eJournal of eDemocracy & Open Government. - Krems : Donau Universität. - 2075-9517. ; 4:1, s. i-iv
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government (JeDEM) is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal (ISSN: 2075-9517) published twice a year. It addresses theory and practice in the areas of eDemocracy and Open Government as well as eGovernment, eParticipation, and eSociety. JeDEM publishes ongoing and completed research, case studies and project descriptions that are selected after a rigorous blind review by experts in the field.
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- Bakardjieva, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Media and the Dynamics of Civil Society : Retooling Citizenship in New EU Democracies
- 2021
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, it is already a truism to state that digital media are effective tools used by citizens, civil society organizations (CSOs) and social movementsto protest, to demand, to push and (sometimes) achieve social and political change. No question, they are. This has been observed and registered time and again in a luminous series of academic contributions (some notable examples include Castells 2012; Cottle 2011; De Luca. Lawson and Sun 2012; Howard and Muzammil 2011; Tremayne 2014; Tufekci 2017). Exactly how these media have been taken up by civic actors in specific contexts has been studied and discussed in fascinating detail (Cammaerts, 2018; Gerbaudo 2012; Treré 2019). This book goes one step further to ask a broader question: Has the use of digital media by civic actors improved (or depleted) the quality of democratic life understood as broad and effective citizen participation in public affairs and decision-making?
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- Sõmersalu, Liisa, 1983-
(författare)
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Civic Cultures in Eastern Europe : Communication spaces and media practices of Estonian civil society organizations
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What kind of routine media and communication practices do Estonian civil society organizations enact in their everyday work? What sort of symbolic and physical spaces are used, created, and accessed by Estonian civil society organizations and informal citizen groups when engaging internally and with their target groups? How do these spaces and practices evolve over time? These are the questions this dissertation addresses, with the aim of understanding the ways in which already-established and evolving civil society organizations navigate the highly-mediated everyday through their routine media practices and the spaces in which these practices are situated.Theoretically, this study takes a cultural approach to political participation with the concept of ‘civic cultures’ (Dahlgren 2009, p. 103) in the centrum. In this dissertation, the civic cultures framework is concentrated into a focus on the everyday, on media practices, and on communicative spaces. The concepts of ‘everyday’ and ‘spaces’ are empirically accessed through a practice approach. To distill and explore the role of media in the everyday work of civil society organizations, this thesis borrows from “activist media practices” (Mattoni 2012, p. 159) framework.The empirical study is grounded in the wider geopolitical context of Eastern Europe and in the historical context of post-Soviet Europe, and more specifically in Estonian civil society. Using a multi-methods approach based on media ethnography, this study includes a nationally-representative survey, in-depth interviews with civil society organizations, and a longitudinal study of the Estonian Forest Aid movement.This study found that parallel to striving towards episodic visibility in physical spaces, in mainstream media, and in decision making, civil society organizations worked on constant visibility in the social media space. The most used social media platform, Facebook, proved to be an important space for developing civic cultures on an everyday level: it was used for campaigns, opinion shaping, for disseminating news, and for civic talk. Everyday communication within the organizations was done using a mix of different media technologies and face-to-face meetings. Each media technology and communicative space had their own role and function in the everyday work of Estonian civil society organizations.
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- Wiberg, Maria, 1971-
(författare)
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The EU Services Directive – Law or Simply Policy?
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The balance between the regulatory autonomy of the Member State of the European Union and the requirements of harmonisation as set out in the EU Services Directive (2006/123/EC) is the subject of this work. The overall effects of the free movement of services on national regulatory autonomy as prescribed by the Services Directive is to a great degree dependent upon whether this directive is perceived of as a traditional directive or instead, as a governance instrument to control and steer the actions of the Member States. The Services Directive, on one hand, establishes definitions of what may constitute non-justified national requirements that do not correspond to the established Union acquis interpreting the Treaty Articles on the free movement of services, whereby it could be considered to entail undue alteration or distortion of this acquis. On the other hand, the Services Directive also contains instruments for accomplishing the objectives of the Directive through a new and more profound type of collaboration and mutual evaluation procedures by the Member States in cooperation with the European Commission. If these features are emphasised, the Services Directive is mainly a governance strategy, aiming to steer and control the Member States when regulating the services market. The point of departure in this study is therefore that the Services Directive shows a two-edged character, where both sides are represented.The final analysis focuses on the Directive’s potential effects on the Member States’ room for manoeuvrability within their national regulatory autonomy, and what general constitutional implications follows from the adoption of one or the other of these two understandings of the Directive. The thesis demonstrates the complexity of the Union legal system in relation to the obligations set out in the Treaty Articles on the free movement of services. A general conclusion is that the understanding of the Services Directive is signified by the tensions between the interpretations established by the Court in its case law on the free movement of services, the regulatory powers conferred on the Union and the effects of Union law on the national regulatory autonomy.
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