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- Lindberg, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Selection for tameness modulates the expression of heme related genes in silver foxes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Functions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1744-9081. ; 3, s. 18-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The genetic and molecular mechanisms of tameness are largely unknown. A line of silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) selected for non-aggressive behavior has been used in Russia since the 1960's to study the effect of domestication. We have previously compared descendants of these selected (S) animals with a group of non-selected (NS) silver foxes kept under identical conditions, and showed that changes in the brain transcriptome between the two groups are small. Unexpectedly, many of the genes showing evidence of differential expression between groups were related to hemoproteins. RESULTS: In this study, we use quantitative RT-PCR to demonstrate that the activity of heme related genes differ between S and NS foxes in three regions of the brain. Furthermore, our analyses also indicate that changes in mRNA levels of heme related genes can be well described by an additive polygenic effect. We also show that the difference in genetic background between the two lines of foxes is limited, as estimated by mitochondrial DNA divergence. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that selection for tameness can modify the expression of heme related genes in canid brain regions known to modulate emotions and behavior. The possible involvement of heme related genes in behavior is surprising. It is possible that hemoglobin modulates the behavior of canids by interaction with CO and NO signaling. Another possibility is that hemorphins, known to be produced after enzymatic cleavage of hemoglobin, are responsible for behavioral alterations. Thus, we hypothesize that hemoglobin metabolism can be a functionally relevant aspect of the domestic phenotype in foxes selected for tameness.
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- Moe, Randi Opperman, et al.
(författare)
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Anticipatory and foraging behaviors in response to palatable food rewardin chickens : Effects of dopamine D2 receptor blockade and domestication
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 133, s. 170-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Behaviors associatedwith anticipation and search for palatable foodmay provide information about dopaminergicreward processes and positivemotivational affect in animals. The overall aimwas to investigate the involvement ofdopamine signaling in the regulation of cue-induced anticipation and search for palatable food reward in chicken,and whether domestication has affected expression of reward-related behaviors. The specific aimswere to describeeffects of mealworms (palatable food for hens) and haloperidol (a dopamine D2 antagonist) onforaging behaviors and cue-induced anticipatory behaviors in Red Junglefowl (RJF; the wild ancestor of modernlaying hens) and awhite layer hybrid (LSL). RJF (n=26) and LSL (n=20)were initially trained on a conditioningschedule to anticipate mealworms (unconditioned stimulus; US) 25 s after exposure to a red light (conditionedstimulus; CS). For the experiment, hens received haloperidol or saline injections 30 min before exposure to oneCS + US combination. Behavior was registered 10 min before CS and 10 min after US (foraging behaviors), andduring the CS–US interval (anticipatory behaviors). Higher frequencies of CS-induced anticipatory head movements,faster approach to rewards, and higher frequency of foraging behaviors were found in LSL compared toRJF. Haloperidol suppressed CS-induced headmovements in both breeds, and the frequency of foraging behaviorsafter reward delivery. The results support a role of dopamine signaling in the regulation of reward processes inchickens, and suggest that domestication has changed the threshold for perceiving food incentives and/or forexpressing reward-related behaviors that may be indicative of positive motivational affect in hens.
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- Ruiz-Gomez, Maria de Lourdes, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral plasticity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with divergent coping styles : when doves become hawks
- 2008
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Ingår i: Hormones and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0018-506X .- 1095-6867. ; 54:4, s. 534-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consistent and heritable individual differences in reaction to challenges, often referred to as stress coping styles, have been extensively documented in vertebrates. In fish, selection for divergent post-stress plasma cortisol levels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has yielded a low (LR) and a high responsive (HR) strain. A suite of behavioural traits is associated with this physiological difference, with LR (proactive) fish feeding more rapidly after transfer to a new environment and being socially dominant over HR (reactive) fish. Following transport from the UK to Norway, a switch in behavioural profile occurred in trout from the 3rd generation; HR fish regained feeding sooner than LR fish in a novel environment and became dominant in size-matched HR-LR pairs. One year after transport, HR fish still fed sooner, but no difference in social dominance was found. Among offspring of transported fish, no differences in feeding were observed, but as in pre-transported 3rd generation fish, HR fish lost fights for social dominance against size-matched LR opponents. Transported fish and their offspring retained their distinctive physiological profile throughout the study; HR fish showed consistently higher post-stress cortisol levels at all sampling points. Altered risk-taking and social dominance immediately after transport may be explained by the fact that HR fish lost more body mass during transport than did LR fish. These data demonstrate that some behavioural components of stress coping styles can be modified by experience, whereas behavioural plasticity is limited by genetic effects determining social position early in life story.
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