| 1. |
- ODonnell, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Registered Replication Report: Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 13:2, s. 268-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998) reported that participants primed with a category associated with intelligence (professor) subsequently performed 13% better on a trivia test than participants primed with a category associated with a lack of intelligence (soccer hooligans). In two unpublished replications of this study designed to verify the appropriate testing procedures, Dijksterhuis, van Knippenberg, and Holland observed a smaller difference between conditions (2%-3%) as well as a gender difference: Men showed the effect (9.3% and 7.6%), but women did not (0.3% and -0.3%). The procedure used in those replications served as the basis for this multilab Registered Replication Report. A total of 40 laboratories collected data for this project, and 23 of these laboratories met all inclusion criteria. Here we report the meta-analytic results for those 23 direct replications (total N = 4,493), which tested whether performance on a 30-item general-knowledge trivia task differed between these two priming conditions (results of supplementary analyses of the data from all 40 labs, N = 6,454, are also reported). We observed no overall difference in trivia performance between participants primed with the professor category and those primed with the hooligan category (0.14%) and no moderation by gender.
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| 2. |
- Baldwin, Jessie R., et al.
(författare)
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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health : A Genetically Informed Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 51:6, s. 691-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Children exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have an elevated risk of mental health problems, but it is unclear whether these associations reflect genetic confounding. We tested (1) whether children with genetic liability to psychopathology are more likely to experience ACEs, and (2) the extent to which the associations between ACEs and mental health are genetically confounded. Par-ticipants were 6411 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). ACEs (including maltreatment, domestic violence, and parental psychopathology, substance abuse, criminality, and separation) were prospectively measured through parent reports at multiple assessments between birth and age 9. Internalizing and externalizing problems at age 9 were assessed through parent reports on the Development and Wellbeing Assessment. We derived polygenic scores for a range of psychiatric disorders. Children with greater genetic liability to psychopathology had a small elevation in risk of ACEs (pooled odds ratio = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.09). Measured polygenic scores accounted for a very small proportion of the associations between ACEs with internalizing problems (pooled average across ACEs = 3.6%) and externalizing problems (pooled average = 4.8%). However, latent polygenic scores capturing SNP heritability in mental health outcomes explained a larger proportion of the associations between ACEs with internalizing problems (pooled average = 63%) and externalizing problems (pooled average = 17%). Risk of mental health problems in children exposed to ACEs is partly, but not completely driven by pre-existing genetic liability to psychopathology. Assuming the absence of nongenetic confounding, these findings are consistent with a partly causal effect of ACEs on mental health.
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| 3. |
- Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 438:7069, s. 803-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), together with a dense map of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across breeds. The dog is of particular interest because it provides important evolutionary information and because existing breeds show great phenotypic diversity for morphological, physiological and behavioural traits. We use sequence comparison with the primate and rodent lineages to shed light on the structure and evolution of genomes and genes. Notably, the majority of the most highly conserved non-coding sequences in mammalian genomes are clustered near a small subset of genes with important roles in development. Analysis of SNPs reveals long-range haplotypes across the entire dog genome, and defines the nature of genetic diversity within and across breeds. The current SNP map now makes it possible for genome-wide association studies to identify genes responsible for diseases and traits, with important consequences for human and companion animal health.
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