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- Balliu, Aleksandra, et al.
(författare)
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Conjugation of a Dipicolyl Chelate to Polypeptide Conjugates Increases Binding Affinities for Human Serum Albumin and Survival Times in Human Serum
- 2017
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Ingår i: ChemBioChem. - : Wiley. - 1439-4227 .- 1439-7633. ; 18:14, s. 1408-1414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The affinity for human serum albumin (HSA) of a series of 2–5 kDa peptides covalently linked to 3,5-bis[[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]methyl]benzoic acid, a dipicolyl chelator with micromolar affinity for Zn2+, was found by surface plasmon resonance to increase in the presence of 1 μm ZnCl2 at physiological pH. The dependence on polypeptide hydrophobicity was found to be minor, thus suggesting that the conjugates bound to the metal-binding site and not to the fatty-acid-binding site. The affinity of the conjugates increased strongly with the positive charge of the polypeptides, thus implicating the negatively charged protein surface surrounding the metal-binding site. The survival times of the peptides in human serum were extended as a consequence of stronger binding to HSA, thus suggesting that Zn2+-chelating agents might provide a general route to increased survival time of peptides in serum in therapeutic and diagnostic applications without significantly increasing their molecular weights.
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- Balliu, Aleksandra, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Non-obvious Hydrophobic Binding Pockets on Protein Surfaces : Increasing Affinities in Peptide–Protein Interactions
- 2017
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Ingår i: ChemBioChem. - : Wiley. - 1439-4227 .- 1439-7633. ; 18:14, s. 1396-1407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 42-residue polypeptide conjugated to a small-molecule organic ligand capable of targeting the phosphorylated side chain of Ser15 was shown to bind glycogen phosphorylase a (GPa) with a KD value of 280 nm. The replacement of hydrophobic amino acids by Ala reduced affinities, whereas the incorporation of l-2-aminooctanoic acid (Aoc) increased them. Replacing Nle5, Ile9 and Leu12 by Aoc reduced the KD value from 280 to 27 nm. “Downsizing” the 42-mer to an undecamer gave rise to an affinity for GPa an order of magnitude lower, but the undecamer in which Nle5, Ile9 and Leu12 were replaced by Aoc showed a KD value of 550 nm, comparable with that of the parent 42-mer. The use of Aoc residues offers a convenient route to increased affinity in protein recognition as well as a strategy for the “downsizing” of peptides essentially without loss of affinity. The results show that hydrophobic binding sites can be found on protein surfaces by comparing the affinities of polypeptide conjugates in which Aoc residues replace Nle, Ile, Leu or Phe with those of their unmodified counterparts. Polypeptide conjugates thus provide valuable opportunities for the optimization of peptides and small organic compounds in biotechnology and biomedicine.
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- Ślósarczyk, Adam T., 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient formation of heterodimers from peptides and proteins using unsymmetrical polyfluorophenyl esters of dicarboxylic acids
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Peptide Science. - : Wiley. - 1075-2617 .- 1099-1387. ; 18:4, s. 261-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An efficient method for the heteroconjugation of biomolecules carrying free amino groups was reported previously, where mixed polyfluorophenyl diesters of dicarboxylic acids with varied aliphatic chain length were shown to be efficient reagents for the conjugation of a variety of model biomolecules. The concept was based on the differential reactivity of the esters towards amines. The concept has now been further optimized, and a 2,6-difluorophenyl-pentafluorophenyl diester combination has been demonstrated to be the most efficient, both with respect to selectivity and to reaction rate. A pentafluorophenyl ester reacts faster with an amino group and requires a weaker base than a 2,6-difluorophenyl ester that requires a stronger base and longer reaction time. With the use of this combination of esters, we obtained considerably shortened reaction times compared with those reported previously, yet still retaining the desired selectivity in heteroconjugation. The increased reactivity of the bifunctional reagent allowed the construction of sophisticated peptide heteroconjugates from peptides, carbohydrates and proteins, showing a wide scope of applicability in the field of assembling functional bioconjugates.
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- Ślósarczyk, Adam T., 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Mixed pentafluorophenyl and o-fluorophenyl esters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids : efficient tools for peptide and protein conjugation
- 2012
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - 2046-2069. ; 2:3, s. 908-914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An efficient methodology for the heteroconjugation of biomolecules with exposed free amino groups has been developed. Mixed pentafluorophenyl and o-fluorophenyl esters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with aliphatic chains of varying sizes have been prepared and used to conjugate a 42-residue polypeptides with short model peptides as well as a model dodecapeptide with the antigenic determinant of type B blood, a carbohydrate derivative, to form a glycopeptide. The concept is based on the difference in reactivity towards primary amino groups between phenyl esters with leaving groups of unlike pKa. The reactivities of several pentafluorophenyl and o-fluorophenyl esters towards amino groups were carefully determined under reaction conditions to identify leaving group combinations that would provide optimal differences in reactivity for maximum yields of heteroconjugate formation while keeping the reasonable reaction times. Pentafluorophenyl esters react faster with an amino group and require a weaker base, while an o-fluorophenyl ester requires a stronger base and longer reaction time. The method described is economic, quick and gives complete control over the conjugation reaction. The size of the spacer is conveniently varied by selection of the appropriate aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. While the presented examples describe conjugation reactions of polypeptides with a maximum of 42 residues it is envisioned that the bifunctional linkers reported here will find their most important applications in the heteroconjugation of proteins using lysine side chains, a reaction for which currently few alternatives exist, if access to spacers of variable size is required.
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| 12. |
- Ślósarczyk, Adam T., 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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The molecular recognition of phosphorylated proteins by designed polypeptides conjugated to a small molecule that binds phosphate
- 2011
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Ingår i: Organic and biomolecular chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-0520 .- 1477-0539. ; 9:22, s. 7697-7704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The conjugation of polypeptides from a designed set to the small molecule ligand 3,5-bis[[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]methyl]benzoic acid, which in the presence of Zn2+ ions binds inorganic phosphate, has been shown to provide a polypeptide conjugate that binds α-casein, a multiply phosphorylated protein, with a dissociation constant KD of 17 nM. The measured affinity is more than three orders of magnitude higher than that of the small molecule ligand for phosphate and the binding of 500 nM of α-casein was not inhibited by 10 mM phosphate buffer, providing a 2000-fold excess of phosphate ion over protein. The selectivity for phosphoproteins was demonstrated by extraction of α-casein from solutions of various complexity, including milk and human serum spiked with α-casein. In addition to α-casein, β-casein was also recognized but not ovoalbumin. Conjugation of a polypeptide to the zinc chelating ligand was therefore shown to give rise to dramatically increased affinity and also increased selectivity. A set of polypeptide conjugates is expected to be able to capture a large number of phosphorylated proteins, perhaps all, and in combination with electrophoresis or mass spectrometry become a powerful tool for the monitoring of phosphorylation levels. The presented binder can easily be attached to various types of surfaces; here demonstrated for the case of polystyrene particles. The example of phosphoproteins was selected since posttranslational phosphorylation is of fundamental importance in cell biology due to its role in signaling and therefore of great interest in drug development. The reported concept for binder development is, however, quite general and high-affinity binders can conveniently be developed for a variety of proteins including those with posttranslational modifications for which small molecule recognition elements are available.
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- Yang, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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High-affinity recognition of the human C-reactive protein independent of phosphocholine
- 2017
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Ingår i: Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1477-0520 .- 1477-0539. ; 15:21, s. 4644-4654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A high-affinity polypeptide conjugate 4-C25L22-DQ, has been developed for the molecular recognition of the human C-reactive protein, CRP, a well-known inflammation biomarker. CRP is one of the most frequently quantified targets in diagnostic applications and a target in drug development. With the exception of antibodies, most molecular constructs take advantage of the known affinity for CRP of phosphocholine that depends on Ca2+ for its ability to bind. 4-C25L22-DQ which is unrelated to phosphocholine binds in the absence of Ca2+ with a dissociation constant of 760 nM, an order of magnitude lower than that of phosphocholine, the KD of which is 5 mu M. The small organic molecule 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-8-carboxylic acid (DQ) was designed based on the structural similarities between three hits from a set of compounds selected from a building block collection and evaluated with regards to affinity for CRP by NMR spectroscopy. 4-C25L22-DQ was shown in a competition experiment to bind CRP three orders of magnitude more strongly than DQ itself, and in a pull-down experiment 4-C25L22-DQ was shown to extract CRP from human serum. The development of a robust and phosphocholine-independent recognition element provides unprecedented opportunities in bioanalytical applications in vivo and in vitro under conditions where the concentration of Ca2+ ions is low, or where Ca2+ binding agents such as EDTA or heparin are needed to prevent blood coagulation. The identification from a compound library of a small organic molecule and its conjugation to a small set of polypeptides, none of which were previously known to bind CRP, illustrates a convenient and general route to selective high-affinity binders for proteins with dissociation constants in the mu M to nM range for which no small molecule ligands are known.
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| 14. |
- Yang, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Improved molecular recognition of Carbonic Anhydrase IX by polypeptide conjugation to acetazolamide
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0968-0896 .- 1464-3391. ; 25:20, s. 5838-5848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The small molecule inhibitor acetazolamide (AZM) was conjugated to a set of designed polypeptides and the resulting conjugates were evaluated for their affinity to Human Carbonic Anhydrase II (HCA II) using surface plasmon resonance. The dissociation constant of the AZM-HCA II complex was 38. nM and that of the AZM conjugated polypeptide (4-C10L17-AZM) to HCA II was found to be 4. nM, an affinity enhancement of a factor of 10 due to polypeptide conjugation. For Human Carbonic Anhydrase IX (HCA IX) the dissociation constant of AZM was 3. nM, whereas that of the 4-C10L17-AZM conjugate was 90. pM, a 33-fold affinity enhancement. This dramatic affinity increase due to polypeptide conjugation was achieved for a small molecule ligand with an already high affinity to the target protein. This supports the concept that enhancements due to polypeptide conjugation are not limited to small molecule ligands that bind proteins in the mM to μM range but may be used also for nM ligands to provide recognition elements with dissociation constants in the pM range. Evaluations of two HCA IX constructs that do not carry the proteoglycan (PG) domain did not show significant affinity differences between AZM and the polypeptide conjugate, providing evidence that the improved binding of 4-C10L17-AZM to HCA IX emanated from interactions between the polypeptide segment and the PG domain found only in one carbonic anhydrase, HCA IX.
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