| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Abreu, P, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-sections and leptonic forward-backward asymmetries from the Z(0) running of LEP
- 2000
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C. - : SPRINGER-VERLAG. - 1434-6044. ; 16:3, s. 371-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During 1993 and 1995 LEP was run at 3 energies near the Z(0) peak in order to give improved measurements of the mass and width of the resonance. During 1994, LEP operated only at the Z(0) peak. In total DELPHI accumulated data corresponding to an integrat
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| 5. |
- Abreu, P, et al.
(författare)
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Energy dependence of the differences between the quark and gluon jet fragmentation
- 1996
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Ingår i: ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK C-PARTICLES AND FIELDS. - : SPRINGER VERLAG. - 0170-9739. ; 70:2, s. 179-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Three jet events arising from decays of the Z beson, collected by the DELPHI detector, were used to measure differences in quark and gluon fragmentation. Gluon jets were anti-tagged by identifying b quark jets. Unbiased quark jets came from events with tw
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| 6. |
- Abreu, P, et al.
(författare)
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First evidence for a charm radial excitation, D-*'
- 1998
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Ingår i: PHYSICS LETTERS B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693. ; 426:1-2, s. 231-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using D*+ mesons exclusively reconstructed in the DELPHI detector at LEP, an excess of 66 +/- 14(stat.) events is observed in the D(*+)pi(+)pi(-) final state with a mass of 2637 +/- 2(stat.) +/- 6(syst.) MeV/c(2) and a full width smaller than 15 MeV/c(2)
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| 7. |
- Abreu, P, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the quark and gluon fragmentation functions in Z(0) hadronic decays
- 1999
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C. - : SPRINGER VERLAG. - 1434-6044. ; 6:1, s. 19-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The transverse, longitudinal and asymmetric components of the fragmentation function are measured from the inclusive charged particles produced in e(+)e(-) collisions at LEP. As in deep inelastic scattering, these data are important for tests of QCD. The
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| 8. |
- Abreu, P, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of the DELPHI detector
- 1996
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0168-9002. ; 378:1-2, s. 57-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- DELPHI (DEtector with Lepton, Photon and Hadron Identification) is a detector for e(+)e(-) physics, designed to provide high granularity over a 4 pi solid angle, allowing an effective particle identification, It has been operating at the LEP (Large Electr
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| 9. |
- Abreu, P, et al.
(författare)
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Search for the B-c meson
- 1997
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Ingår i: PHYSICS LETTERS B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0370-2693. ; 398:1-2, s. 207-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a sample of 3.02 million hadronic Z(0) decays collected by the DELPHI detector, 270 J/psi --> e(+)e(-) candidates have been selected. A search for fully reconstructed B-c(+/-) mesons has yielded one B-c(+/-) --> J/psi pi(+/-) candidate, no B-c(+/-) -->
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| 10. |
- Abulafia, C., et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between Cognitive and Sleep-wake Variables in Asymptomatic Offspring of Patients with Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-4365. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early neuropathological changes characteristic of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) involve brain stem and limbic structures that regulate neurovegetative functions, including sleep-wake rhythm. Indeed, sleep pattern is an emerging biomarker and a potential pathophysiological mechanism in LOAD. We hypothesized that cognitively asymptomatic, middle-aged offspring of patients with LOAD (O-LOAD) would display a series of circadian rhythm abnormalities prior to the onset of objective cognitive alterations. We tested 31 children of patients with LOAD (O-LOAD) and 19 healthy individuals without family history of Alzheimer's disease (control subjects, CS) with basic tests of cognitive function, as well as actigraphy measures of sleep-wake rhythm, cardiac autonomic function, and bodily temperature. Unexpectedly, O-LOAD displayed subtle but significant deficits in verbal episodic memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test delayed recall 10.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 8.6 +/- 0.6, t = 4.97, df = 49, p < 0.01) and language (Weschler's vocabulary 51.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 44.3 +/- 1.5, t = 2.49, df = 49, p < 0.001) compared to CS, even though all participants had results within the clinically normal range. O-LOAD showed a phase-delayed rhythm of body temperature (2.56 +/- 0.47 h vs. 3.8 +/- 0.26 h, t = 2.48, df = 40, p = 0.031). Cognitive performance in O-LOAD was associated with a series of cardiac autonomic sleep-wake variables; specifically indicators of greater sympathetic activity at night were related to poorer cognition. The present results suggest sleep pattern deserves further study as a potential neurobiological signature in LOAD, even in middle-aged, at risk individuals.
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| 11. |
- Adam, W, et al.
(författare)
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Search for pair production of heavy objects in 4-jet events at root s=130-136 GeV
- 1996
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Ingår i: ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK C-PARTICLES AND FIELDS. - : SPRINGER VERLAG. - 0170-9739. ; 73:1, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Results are presented of a search for pair production of heavy objects decaying into four hadronic jets, as expected for example from associated or pair production of MSSM Higgs bosons, hA or H+H-, using a data sample of 5.9 pb(-1) of e(+)e(-) collisions
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Albshesh, Ahmad, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of Third-Class Biologic Treatment in Crohn's Disease : A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 10:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Multiple studies have described the effectiveness of ustekinumab (UST) and vedolizumab (VDZ) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) failing anti- Tumor necrosis factors (TNFs); however, the effectiveness of VDZ or UST as a third-class biologic has not yet been described.Aims and Methods: In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of VDZ and UST as a third-class biologic in patients with CD.Results: Two-hundred and four patients were included; 156/204 (76%) patients received VDZ as a second- and UST as a third-class therapy (group A); the remaining 48/204 (24%) patients received UST as a second- and VDZ as a third-class therapy (group B). At week 16-22, 87/156 (55.5%) patients and 27/48 (56.2%) in groups A and B, respectively, responded to treatment (p = 0.9); 41/156 (26.2%) and 15/48 (31.2%) were in clinical remission (p = 0.5). At week 52; 89/103 (86%) patients and 25/29 (86.2%) of the patients with available data had responded to third-class treatment in groups A and B, respectively (p = 0.9); 31/103 (30%) and 47/29 (24.1%) were in clinical remission (p = 0.5).Conclusion: Third-class biological therapy was effective in more than half of the patients with CD. No differences in effectiveness were detected between the use of VDZ and UST as a third-class agent.
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| 14. |
- Amital, H, et al.
(författare)
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Fibrosis regression induced by intravenous gammaglobulin treatment
- 2003
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 62:2, s. 175-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To review case histories of patients in whom fibrosis played a significant role in the pathogenesis of their disease, and to determine whether intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIg) contributed to the regression of their fibrotic condition. Methods: Eight patients with excess fibrotic reaction in the course of diverse diseases were analysed; a tendency that reverted with different IVIg treatment options. Myelofibrosis was predominant in three patients (a patient with a myeloproliferative syndrome, one with systemic lupus erythematosus, and one with Sjogren's syndrome). Three patients had scleroderma as their main feature, one patient had hepatitis C cirrhosis, and one had idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Results: Fibrotic excess was reduced in all the patients by IVIg treatment. In five patients the disease as a whole benefited from the infusion of immunoglobulins. Conclusion: IVIg may enhance resorption of fibrosis and promote healing in patients with fibrotic associated disorders.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Atsawawaranunt, Kamolphat, et al.
(författare)
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The SISAL database : a global resource to document oxygen and carbon isotope records from speleothems
- 2018
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 10:3, s. 1687-1713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stable isotope records from speleothems provide information on past climate changes, most particularly information that can be used to reconstruct past changes in precipitation and atmospheric circulation. These records are increasingly being used to provide "out-of-sample" evaluations of isotope-enabled climate models. SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis) is an international working group of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) project. The working group aims to provide a comprehensive compilation of speleothem isotope records for climate reconstruction and model evaluation. The SISAL database contains data for individual speleothems, grouped by cave system. Stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon (delta O-18, delta C-13) measurements are referenced by distance from the top or bottom of the speleothem. Additional tables provide information on dating, including information on the dates used to construct the original age model and sufficient information to assess the quality of each data set and to erect a standardized chronology across different speleothems. The metadata table provides location information, information on the full range of measurements carried out on each speleothem and information on the cave system that is relevant to the interpretation of the records, as well as citations for both publications and archived data.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Bar-Dolev, Maya, et al.
(författare)
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New insights into ice growth and melting modifications by antifreeze proteins
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Society Interface. - : The Royal Society. - 1742-5689 .- 1742-5662. ; 9:77, s. 3249-3259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) evolved in many organisms, allowing them to survive in cold climates by controlling ice crystal growth. The specific interactions of AFPs with ice determine their potential applications in agriculture, food preservation and medicine. AFPs control the shapes of ice crystals in a manner characteristic of the particular AFP type. Moderately active AFPs cause the formation of elongated bipyramidal crystals, often with seemingly defined facets, while hyperactive AFPs produce more varied crystal shapes. These different morphologies are generally considered to be growth shapes. In a series of bright light and fluorescent microscopy observations of ice crystals in solutions containing different AFPs, we show that crystal shaping also occurs during melting. In particular, the characteristic ice shapes observed in solutions of most hyperactive AFPs are formed during melting. We relate these findings to the affinities of the hyperactive AFPs for the basal plane of ice. Our results demonstrate the relation between basal plane affinity and hyperactivity and show a clear difference in the ice-shaping mechanisms of most moderate and hyperactive AFPs. This study provides key aspects associated with the identification of hyperactive AFPs.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Bar-el, L., et al.
(författare)
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(Im)perfectivity and actionality in East Ruvu Bantu
- 2021
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Ingår i: Language Typology and Universals. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1867-8319 .- 2196-7148. ; 74:3-4, s. 533-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temporal/aspectual morphology often serves as a diagnostic for actional classes. Bantu languages are known for their highly developed tense, aspect (and mood) systems. The East Ruvu Bantu languages of Tanzania are unusual in that they exhibit a decidedly reduced set of temporal/aspectual morphemes. This paper contributes to the growing body of research on Bantu actionality in showing that despite not being encoded overtly, perfective distinguishes between at least two actional classes. We suggest, however, that imperfective, morphologically encoded by present and non-past tense morphology, does not clearly delineate between the two verb classes. This discussion highlights the complex interaction between tense and aspect.
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| 21. |
- Bar-Gera, Hillel, et al.
(författare)
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Computational precision of traffic equilibria sensitivities in automatic network design and road pricing
- 2013
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part B: Methodological. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-2615 .- 1879-2367. ; 57, s. 485-500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies demonstrate the importance of computational precision of user equilibrium traffic assignment solutions for scenario comparisons. When traffic assignment is hierarchically embedded in a model for network design and/or road pricing, not only the precision of the solution itself becomes more important, but also the precision of its derivatives with respect to the design parameters should be considered. The main purpose of this paper is to present a method for precise computations of equilibrium derivatives. Numerical experiments are used for two evaluations: (1) precision of computed equilibrium derivatives for a medium-size network (Anaheim); and (2) the impact of precise derivatives on capacity-expansion solution quality for a small network (Sioux Falls).
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Bar-Haim, Eyal, et al.
(författare)
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Language distance and labor market integration of migrants : Gendered perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 19:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the distinct effects of linguistics distance and language literacy on the labor market integration of migrant men and women. Using data from the Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) 2018 in 16 countries of destination mainly from Europe and more than 110 languages of origin, we assess migrant labor force participation, employment, working hours, and occupational prestige. The study finds that linguistics distance of the first language studied has a significant negative association with labor force participation, employment, and working hours of migrant women, even after controlling for their abilities in their destination language, education, and cultural distance between the country of origin and destination. In contrast, linguistics distance is only negatively associated with migrant men's working hours. This suggests that linguistic distance serves as a proxy for cultural aspects, which are not captured by cultural distance and hence shape the labor market integration of migrant women due to cultural factors rather than human capital. We suggest that the gender aspect of the effect of language proximity is essential in understanding the intersectional position of migrant women in the labor force.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Bar, Laure, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of antigen density on recognition by monoclonal antibodies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2697 .- 1096-0309 .- 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 92:7, s. 5396-5403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding antigen–antibody interactions is important to many emerging medical and bioanalytical applications. In particular, the levels of antigen expression at the cell surface may determine antibody-mediated cell death. This parameter has a clear effect on outcome in patients undergoing immunotherapy. In this context, CD20 which is expressed in the membrane of B cells has received significant attention as target for immunotherapy of leukemia and lymphoma using the monoclonal antibody rituximab. To systematically study the impact of CD20 density on antibody recognition, we designed self-assembled monolayers that display tunable CD20 epitope densities. For this purpose, we developed in situ click chemistry to functionalize SPR sensor chips. We find that the rituximab binding affinity depends sensitively and nonmonotonously on CD20 surface density. Strongest binding, with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD = 32 nM) close to values previously reported from in vitro analysis with B cells (apparent KD between 5 and 19 nM), was obtained for an average inter-antigen spacing of 2 nm. This distance is required for improving rituximab recognition, and in agreement with the known requirement of CD20 to form clusters to elicit a biological response. More generally, this study offers an interesting outlook in the understanding of the necessity of epitope clusters for effective mAb recognition.
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| 30. |
- Bar, N., et al.
(författare)
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A reference map of potential determinants for the human serum metabolome
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Research. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 588:7836, s. 135-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The serum metabolome contains a plethora of biomarkers and causative agents of various diseases, some of which are endogenously produced and some that have been taken up from the environment1. The origins of specific compounds are known, including metabolites that are highly heritable2,3, or those that are influenced by the gut microbiome4, by lifestyle choices such as smoking5, or by diet6. However, the key determinants of most metabolites are still poorly understood. Here we measured the levels of 1,251 metabolites in serum samples from a unique and deeply phenotyped healthy human cohort of 491 individuals. We applied machine-learning algorithms to predict metabolite levels in held-out individuals on the basis of host genetics, gut microbiome, clinical parameters, diet, lifestyle and anthropometric measurements, and obtained statistically significant predictions for more than 76% of the profiled metabolites. Diet and microbiome had the strongest predictive power, and each explained hundreds of metabolites—in some cases, explaining more than 50% of the observed variance. We further validated microbiome-related predictions by showing a high replication rate in two geographically independent cohorts7,8 that were not available to us when we trained the algorithms. We used feature attribution analysis9 to reveal specific dietary and bacterial interactions. We further demonstrate that some of these interactions might be causal, as some metabolites that we predicted to be positively associated with bread were found to increase after a randomized clinical trial of bread intervention. Overall, our results reveal potential determinants of more than 800 metabolites, paving the way towards a mechanistic understanding of alterations in metabolites under different conditions and to designing interventions for manipulating the levels of circulating metabolites.
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| 31. |
- Bar-Noy, Amotz, et al.
(författare)
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Online Maximum Directed Cut
- 2009
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Ingår i: ALGORITHMS AND COMPUTATION, PROCEEDINGS. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642106309 ; , s. 1124-1133
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a natural online version of the well-known MAXIMUM DIRECTED CUT problem on DAGs. We propose a deterministic algorithm and show that it achieves a competitive ratio of 3 root 3/2 approximate to 2.5981. We then give a lower bound argument to show that no deterministic algorithm can achieve a ratio of 3 root 3/2 - epsilon for any epsilon > 0 thus showing that our algorithm is essentially optimal. Then, we extend our technique to improve upon the analysis of an old result: we show that greedily derandomizing the trivial randomized algorithm for MAXDICUT in general graphs improves the competitive ratio from 4 to 3, and also provide a tight example.
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| 32. |
- Bar-Noy, Amotz, et al.
(författare)
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Online Maximum Directed Cut
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of combinatorial optimization. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1382-6905 .- 1573-2886. ; 24:1, s. 52-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a natural online version of the well-known MAXIMUM DIRECTED CUT problem on DAGs. We propose a deterministic algorithm and show that it achieves a competitive ratio of 3 root 3/2 approximate to 2.5981. We then give a lower bound argument to show that no deterministic algorithm can achieve a ratio of 3 root 3/2 - epsilon for any epsilon > 0 thus showing that our algorithm is essentially optimal. Then, we extend our technique to improve upon the analysis of an old result: we show that greedily derandomizing the trivial randomized algorithm for MAXDICUT in general graphs improves the competitive ratio from 4 to 3, and also provide a tight example.
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| 33. |
- Bar-Noy, Amotz, et al.
(författare)
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Ordered Coloring for Grids and Related Graphs
- 2011
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Ingår i: Theoretical Computer Science. - 0304-3975 .- 1879-2294.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a coloring problem, called ordered coloring, in grids and some other families of grid-like graphs. Ordered coloring (also known as vertex ranking) is related to conflict-free coloring and other traditional coloring problems. Such coloring problems can model (among others) efficient frequency assignments in cellular networks. Our main technical results improve upper and lower bounds for the ordered chromatic number of grids and related graphs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to calculate exactly the ordered chromatic number of these graph families.
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| 34. |
- Bar-Noy, Amotz, et al.
(författare)
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Ordered Coloring Grids and Related Graphs
- 2009
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Ingår i: 16th International Colloquium on Structural Information and Communication Complexity, SIROCCO 2009. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642114755 - 364211475X ; , s. 30-43
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a coloring problem, called ordered coloring, in grids and some other families of grid-like graphs. Ordered coloring (also known as vertex ranking) is related to conflict-free coloring and other traditional coloring problems. Such coloring problems can model (among others) efficient frequency assignments in cellular networks. Our main technical results improve upper and lower bounds for the ordered chromatic number of grids and related graphs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to calculate exactly the ordered chromatic number of these graph families.
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| 35. |
- Bar-Noy, Amotz, et al.
(författare)
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Ordered coloring of grids and related graphs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Theoretical Computer Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3975 .- 1879-2294. ; 444, s. 40-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate a coloring problem, called ordered coloring, in grids and some other families of grid-like graphs. Ordered coloring (also known as vertex ranking) has applications, among other areas, in efficient solving of sparse linear systems of equations and scheduling parallel assembly of products. Our main technical results improve upper and lower bounds for the ordered chromatic number of grids and related graphs.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Bar-Sawme, Gabriel, 1985-
(författare)
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Entering the Holy Place in Syriac Orthodox Liturgy : A Ritual and Theological Analysis
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Questions concerning sacred spaces and their relationship to ritual is of interest to historians of religion and others as well. How sacred spaces emerge and are constructed and what relationship they have to rituals are some of the areas that are dealt with in this study in relation to Syriac Orthodox liturgy.The purpose of this study is to create a better understanding of how the Sedrō of Entrance has been practiced in earlier periods and architectural contexts and to investigate what role the entrance rite may have had in constructing the sanctuary as sacred space and the worshipping community as church. The Sedrō of Entrance is a prayer employed during the rite of entrance into the altar in Syriac Orthodox Eucharistic liturgy. This study uses ritual theory to frame the rite of entrance and studies the intersection of ritual text, action and place. Two research questions are addressed: a) How is the rite of entrance into the altar, in the Syriac Orthodox liturgy, performed during the 9th-13th centuries? b) How does the rite of entrance construct the sanctuary as sacred space and the worshipping community as church? The study builds on historical material, manuscripts from the 9th to the 13th centuries, architecture, and other historical textual material. The rite of entrance is framed with ritual theory. Theological analysis is also used to support the ritual theory. The themes of the dissertation include, among others, the relationship between ritual process, ritual place, and the ritual body. It also explores the role of language in the ritual process.
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| 38. |
- Bar-Sever, Zvi, et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines on nuclear medicine imaging in neuroblastoma
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : SPRINGER. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 45:11, s. 2009-2024
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear medicine has a central role in the diagnosis, staging, response assessment and long-term follow-up of neuroblastoma, the most common solid extracranial tumour in children. These EANM guidelines include updated information on I-123-mIBG, the most common study in nuclear medicine for the evaluation of neuroblastoma, and on PET/CT imaging with F-18-FDG, F-18-DOPA and Ga-68-DOTA peptides. These PET/CT studies are increasingly employed in clinical practice. Indications, advantages and limitations are presented along with recommendations on study protocols, interpretation of findings and reporting results.
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| 39. |
- Bar, Tzachi, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Kinetic Outlier Detection (KOD) in real-time PCR.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nucleic acids research. - 1362-4962 .- 0305-1048. ; 31:17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time PCR is becoming the method of choice for precise quantification of minute amounts of nucleic acids. For proper comparison of samples, almost all quantification methods assume similar PCR efficiencies in the exponential phase of the reaction. However, inhibition of PCR is common when working with biological samples and may invalidate the assumed similarity of PCR efficiencies. Here we present a statistical method, Kinetic Outlier Detection (KOD), to detect samples with dissimilar efficiencies. KOD is based on a comparison of PCR efficiency, estimated from the amplification curve of a test sample, with the mean PCR efficiency of samples in a training set. KOD is demonstrated and validated on samples with the same initial number of template molecules, where PCR is inhibited to various degrees by elevated concentrations of dNTP; and in detection of cDNA samples with an aberrant ratio of two genes. Translating the dissimilarity in efficiency to quantity, KOD identifies outliers that differ by 1.3-1.9-fold in their quantity from normal samples with a P-value of 0.05. This precision is higher than the minimal 2-fold difference in number of DNA molecules that real-time PCR usually aims to detect. Thus, KOD may be a useful tool for outlier detection in real-time PCR.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Bar, Tzachi, 1970
(författare)
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Kinetics Quality Assessment for real-time PCR
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For proper DNA quantification by real-time PCR, compared samples should have similar PCR efficiencies. This assumption might not be always correct, as suggested by hundreds of publications dealing with PCR inhibition. The current methods to ensure proper quantification, normalization with reference genes and Internal Amplification Control (IAC), might not address the problem well. Reference and target genes might be inhibited to different levels with different quantitative effect of the inhibitor. Internal amplification controls are difficult to design and produce, and might severely affect the accuracy and sensitivity of quantification up to 10 folds. Kinetics Quality Assessment (Kinetics QA) is a set of statistical tools to verify the requirement of efficiency similarity. In this work we used Kinetics QA to show that dissimilar efficiencies in compared samples are associated with aberrant quantities. Therefore, we suggest using Kinetics QA to assess real-time PCR quality. Kinetics QA tests do not require additional bench work nor reagents, and they do not affect assay accuracy and sensitivity. However, Kinetics QA tools can be used only at the detectable phase of the reaction and therefore we recommend their use to assign technical reason for aberrant results and not automatically exclude any suspected sample.
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| 42. |
- Bar, Tzachi, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Kinetics quality assessment for relative quantification by real-time PCR
- 2005
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Ingår i: BioTechniques. - 0736-6205 .- 1940-9818. ; 39:3, s. 333-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For proper relative quantification by real-time PCR, compared samples should have similar PCR efficiencies. To test this prerequisite, we developed two quality tests: (i) adjustment of a test for kinetic outlier detection (KOD) to relative quantification; and (ii) comparison of the efficiency variance of test samples with the efficiency variance of samples with highly reproducible quantification. The tests were applied on relative quantification of two genes in 30 sets of 5 replicate samples (same treatment, different animals). Ten low-quality sets and 28 outliers were identified. The low-quality sets showed higher coefficient of variation (cv)% of DNA quantities in replicate experiments than high-quality sets (63% versus 26%; P = 0.001) and contained a higher proportion of outlying quantities (35% versus 5.9%; P = 0.001) when individual samples were detected by adjusted KOD. Outlier detection with adjusted KOD reduced thefalse detection of outliers by 213 compared with the previous, nonadjusted version of KOD (20% versus 5.9%; P = 0.001). We conclude that the presented tests can be used to assign technical reasons to outlying observations.
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| 43. |
- Bar, Yael, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative and semi-quantitative histopathological examination of renal biopsies in healthy individuals, and associations with kidney function
- 2016
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Ingår i: Apmis. - : Wiley. - 0903-4641. ; 124:5, s. 393-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study assesed the prevalence of histopathological changes in renal biopsies from healthy individuals, and the association with age, sex and smoking. Donor biopsies from 109 subjects were obtained from living kidney donors, and blood and urine samples were collected together with medical history. All biopsies were scored according to the Banff 97 classification with some modifications. The parameters included in this study were tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, arteriolohyalinosis and a sclerosis score. An alternative scoring system for tubular atrophy was examined (using 5% rather than <1% as a cut-off for grade 0). Glomerular filtration rate was measured in most cases as chromium ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (Cr-EDTA) clearance. Age was a significant predictor for tubular atrophy, fibrosis and sclerosis. Pack-years of smoking increased the risk of tubular atrophy, fibrosis and arteriolohyalinosis. The alternative scoring of tubular atrophy showed a stronger association with smoking, but a weaker association with age, compared with the original one. Limited histopathological changes are common in healthy kidney donors around 50 years of age with normal kidney function. We propose that a cut-off of 5% yields a better definition of grade 0 tubular atrophy compared with the established cut-off of >0%.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Barlow, Axel, et al.
(författare)
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Middle Pleistocene genome calibrates a revised evolutionary history of extinct cave bears
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 31:8, s. 1771-1779
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Palaeogenomes provide the potential to study evolutionary processes in real time, but this potential is limited by our ability to recover genetic data over extended timescales.1 As a consequence, most studies so far have focused on samples of Late Pleistocene or Holocene age, which covers only a small part of the history of many clades and species. Here, we report the recovery of a low coverage palaeogenome from the petrous bone of a 360,000 year old cave bear from Kudaro 1 cave in the Caucasus Mountains. Analysis of this genome alongside those of several Late Pleistocene cave bears reveals widespread mito-nuclear discordance in this group. Using the time interval between Middle and Late Pleistocene cave bear genomes, we directly estimate ursid nuclear and mitochondrial substitution rates to calibrate their respective phylogenies. This reveals postdivergence mitochondrial transfer as the dominant factor explaining their mito-nuclear discordance. Interestingly, these transfer events were not accompanied by large-scale nuclear introgression. However, we do detect additional instances of nuclear admixture among other cave bear lineages, and between cave bears and brown bears, which are not associated with mitochondrial exchange. Genomic data obtained from the Middle Pleistocene cave bear petrous bone has thus facilitated a revised evolutionary history of this extinct megafaunal group. Moreover, it suggests that petrous bones may provide a means of extending both the magnitude and time depth of palaeogenome retrieval over substantial portions of the evolutionary histories of many mammalian clades.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Barrett, Martyn, et al.
(författare)
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The Global Contribution of the Work of Ed Cairns
- 2012
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Ingår i: In M. D. Roe (Chair), The life and work of peace psychologist Ed Cairns. Symposium conducted at the 120th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL., August.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Bergström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 370:6516, s. 557-563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dogs were the first domestic animal, but little is known about their population history and to what extent it was linked to humans. We sequenced 27 ancient dog genomes and found that all dogs share a common ancestry distinct from present-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf gene flow. By 11,000 years ago, at least five major ancestry lineages had diversified, demonstrating a deep genetic history of dogs during the Paleolithic. Coanalysis with human genomes reveals aspects of dog population history that mirror humans, including Levant-related ancestry in Africa and early agricultural Europe. Other aspects differ, including the impacts of steppe pastoralist expansions in West and East Eurasia and a near-complete turnover of Neolithic European dog ancestry.
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| 50. |
- Birgier, Debora Pricila, et al.
(författare)
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Language Used at Home and Educational-Occupational Mismatch of Migrants by Gender
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social Indicators Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0303-8300 .- 1573-0921. ; 170, s. 265-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability of migrants to use the host country's language is crucial to their integration. Nonetheless, the association between migrant literacy and their labor market outcome is less explored compared to the association between their educational attainment and their economic integration. Moreover, this ability has another vital role in immigrant assimilation, serving as an indicator of cultural capital. The current study, therefore, examines the extent to which language as cultural capital shapes gender differences in migrant economic integration, as measured by educational-occupational mismatch (EOM). Using the PIAAC 2018 dataset, we employ a series of nested fixed-effect linear models in which our dependent variable is years of over-education and study the effect of language use at home, controlling for linguistic competence in the host country language. We find that once controlling for educational level, migrant men who use a different language than the host country's language at home are not more prone to EOM. However, migrant women, who are at higher risk of EOM, suffer even more when using a foreign language at home. We suggest that using a foreign language at home for women might indicate low host-country-specific cultural capital, which could directly affect migrant women's integration into the labor market.
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