| 1. |
- Fremont, Vincent, 1984-
(författare)
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The Digital Transformation of the Manufacturing Industry : Metamorphic Changes and Value Creation in the Industrial Network
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Industry 4.0 trend poses many challenges for the manufacturing industry and societies generally. The trend presents new challenges and opportunities related to industrial competitiveness and sustainability, as industrial firms adopt digital technologies to change how they interact and exchange data across their industrial network. The introduction of digital technologies is resulting in a complex technological and organizational structural change process called digital transformation, which sees interfirm interactions, capabilities and identities changed across the industrial network. The digital transformation change process has remained relatively ill-defined, as most industries are yet to show the full potential of successful digital transformation. Firms within the manufacturing industry still have difficulties grasping the impact and costs of Industry 4.0 and of the digital transformation process. The prevailing assumption in the literature is that industries will achieve value creation simply by engaging with digital technologies, either in higher revenues, profitability or both if they are successful. The change process affects all aspects of industrial network, from the single product functionality and production process efficiency to interfirm business interactions, thus affecting in many regards value creation in the industrial network. By employing an Industrial Marketing and Purchasing approach, the dissertation analyzes the issues of interaction, change and value creation in the resource context of two large industrial networks undergoing complex digital transformations. This article dissertation will present four qualitative studies of two large manufacturing industrial network undergoing complex digital transformations with the interaction approach. This dissertation presents several findings and contributions specific to the digital transformation change process, including the presence of metamorphic irreversible and interactive changes challenging the status quo of interactions and value creation in the resource context, creating conflicts, controversies, and friction effects. It also underscores the importance of organizational elements of organizations for the digital transformation, and how a unique combination of changes across the resource context, from new roles to new ways of working allow the industrial network to create value beyond simple technological incremental innovations. The dissertation presents a theory of metamorphic change in the industrial network, to describe complex change processes like the digital transformation.
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| 2. |
- Okhravi, Christopher, 1987-
(författare)
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Composing Policy Interventions for Antibiotic Development
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Antibiotic resistance is eroding the efficacy of the drugs we have and, unless future science dictates otherwise, bacteria will eventually become resistant to whatever new antibiotics we discover. We must therefore plan for a continuous stream of innovation. Unfortunately, pharmaceutical firms have left the scene to pursue more profitable areas. While the free market may eventually give rise to a solution, the question is how much destruction we are willing to accept on the way, and whether it eventually will be too late. A plethora of policy interventions, aimed at stimulating antibiotic research and development, have been suggested, and simulation modelers have begun estimating their effects. Suggested interventions range from prizes, grants, and competitions to regulatory fast-tracking and non-profit development. No unified picture of what to do has emerged. From the perspective of policy-makers, the need does not seem to be for more but for better information. This thesis suggests that to truly compare policy interventions, aimed at stimulating antibiotic development, we should draw on simulation model alignment techniques. To support such an endeavor this thesis presents the seeds of a compositional language capable of formally expressing policy interventions as offers that can be actualized into contracts. The language is not merely theoretical but implementable and usable within actual simulation models. The language is not only derived from previous research on compositional contracts in functional languages and the resources-events-agents ontology, but also the author's unique position as a participant in DRIVE-AB, which comprised 16 public and 7 private partners from 12 countries, and finally six separately published simulation experiments that are all based on work by the author. A constructive proof is provided to establish the utility of the solution in terms of its capacity to capture important facets of important policy interventions.
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| 3. |
- B. Forsberg, Petter, 1984-
(författare)
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Collaboration in practice : A multiple case study on collaboration between small enterprises and university researchers
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- University-industry collaborations (UICs) have been hailed as key for Sweden's innovativeness and economic growth. Similarly, building research and innovation policies for the promotion of collaboration between universities and industry have become a cornerstone for many other European countries.In academic literature there has been an emphasis on efficiency, facilitation, effects and values obtained in UICs. They have been widely studied, both in terms of the reasons why they are formed, their structure and the effects they create, but not much in terms of how they work on a daily basis. There is less attention in the literature to analyse or problematise how UIC work is carried out when a connection has already been formed or is repeatedly enacted. Additionally, there is also a lack of studies looking at small firms UICs. Through identifying a lack of perspective in the UIC literature this thesis builds on the recent developments in practice theory in addressing some of the gaps found. It thus analyses these collaborations from a perspective not present in the literature in pursuit of how UICs are carried out.Through four embedded case studies between small enterprises and university researchers the thesis questions some of the assumptions made in the UIC literature and policy documents. First of all, through the practice theory lens, the thesis shows how the creation of a node/linchpin, a boundary object or a broker, between university and industry is instrumental in enabling collaboration work to take place. Secondly, being able to work together successfully does not equal outcomes sought after by policy organisations. Nevertheless, a general conclusion is that there were valuable outcomes for both the companies and the researchers, confirming previous research on UICs. But, these benefits were often difficult to put into clear numbers or metrics and appeared only after a very long time.The thesis argues that policy (and associated organisations) should promote the connection between a research site/practices and a company site/practices rather than pushing for a joint practice. In such a way UICs can be valuable for both researchers and companies.
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| 4. |
- Baraldi, Enrico, Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Applying the resource interaction approach to policy analysis - Insights from the antibiotic resistance challenge
- 2022
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 106, s. 376-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores how the Resource Interaction Approach (RIA), namely the 4Rs model and the three settings of developing-producing-using, can be applied to complex policy analyses. We use the global sustainability challenge of antibiotic resistance as an example to define an agenda about how these analytical tools can frame and analyze such problems systematically. We find that these tools offer benefits to policymakers, including flexibility in framing problems, by selecting the focal resources and values to be prioritized, and the ability to visualize the direct and indirect interdependencies that enable or hinder value creation. Moreover, the RIA can point at the resource interfaces that need to change through specific policy interventions, as well as the potential network-level barriers to such changes. We also find that the RIA needs to be complemented by network-level analyses of deal structures and monetary flows in order to better capture the legal and financial dimensions of policy problems and solutions.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Baraldi, Enrico, Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Connecting IMP and entrepreneurship research : Directions for future research
- 2020
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 91, s. 495-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a research field, entrepreneurship emerged from an increasing interest in fostering new business ventures. Over the past decade, interest in entrepreneurial phenomena also triggered several studies in the IMP research stream. We examine connections between these two research streams in terms of the phenomena in focus, key concepts, and approaches to identify research areas fruitful for advancing our understanding of entrepreneurial phenomena. In pursuit of this aim, we analyzed 48 IMP-based entrepreneurship studies and the abstracts of the 227 most cited papers in eight main entrepreneurship journals; among the latter, we conducted an in-depth analysis of 30 articles, in which we found connections with IMP studies. Based on our analysis, we identify four directions for future research, where confronting and bridging the key concepts has the potential to contribute to conceptualizing entrepreneurial phenomena and related theory development. The four areas are: variety in the context of new ventures; multiplicity of networks embedding new ventures; connecting the new venture to its context; and the new venture's learning and management.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Baraldi, Enrico, Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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From supplier to center of excellence and beyond : The network position development of a business unit within "IKEA Industry"
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 100, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to develop a more dynamic and relational view of centers of excellence (CoE) within multinational enterprises (MNEs), that is, business units with specific and highly valuable competencies and knowledge, which are transferred and leveraged by other units of the MNE. We employ a longitudinal case study to analyze how, between 1986 and 2014, an external supplier progressively became a CoE within IKEA and even improved this role, thereby becoming increasingly important for the MNE. Particularly, we develop a model linking internal (resources, competencies, and structure) and external factors (exchange volumes, interorganizational routines, mutual dependence, trust and commitment, and identities) with changed network positions, which, in turn, define the intensity and importance of a CoE's role. Thus, the elements required to establish a CoE may not originate from the MNE's core competencies, but may be extracted, recombined, and integrated externally from the MNE's global supply network.
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| 9. |
- Baraldi, Enrico, Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Managing interorganizational interactions for social impact : A study of two antibiotics R&D networks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 141, s. 264-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper relies on a comparative case study of two antibiotics R&D networks, ENABLE and CARB-X, to understand how interorganizational interactions can be managed to achieve social impact. In particular, we investigate (1) how particular management mechanisms and interorganizational interactions relate to the network's intended social impact, and (2) how these management mechanisms influence interorganizational interactions. We find that (1) the intended social impact influences the choice of management mechanisms from the very start of a partnership and orients the kind of interactions occurring within the network, and (2) that management mechanisms can shape the interactions unfolding in the network, but that the structural elements of these interactions also make these mechanisms more or less applicable to the network. We contribute to the Industrial Marketing & Purchasing (IMP) view with a model of managing networks building on the three concepts of: intended social impact, management mechanisms, and interorganizational interactions.
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| 10. |
- Baraldi, Enrico, Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Policy options for Nordic collaboration to improve access to antibiotics
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Access to antibiotics in the Nordic countries can be jeopardized not only by general factors such as low margins, uncertain volumes, overdependence and fragile supply chains, which can result in missing registration, deregistration and shortages, but also by the small size and fragmented nature of the Nordic markets. Nordic collaboration on specific policies and joint action to address such issues could improve access to antibiotics. Starting from a total of 30 policy options discussed in the literature, this report first selects 10 policies and then identifies 8 prioritized policy options which are presented in a roadmap comprising five waves. The first wave includes improved shortage information and supply chain transparency, a detailed map of production capacity dedicated to the Nordic countries, and common packages and electronic leaflets. The second wave consists of mutual recognition of approvals of old antibiotics and good purchasing practices. The third wave includes new reimbursement models such as revenue guarantees, international stockpiling, and pooled procurement. The fourth wave promotes a production capacity expansion near the Nordic countries,and the fifth wave inside the Nordic countries. Before implementing specific policies, the Nordic countries need to agree on which specific antibiotic products are to be targeted by each policy, which would ideally result in commonly agreed priority lists of clinically relevant products with high supply risk.
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| 11. |
- Baraldi, Enrico, Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Product development the IKEA way – The role of target costing as a framing device to configure and combine resources in networks
- 2024
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - New York : Elsevier. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 119, s. 206-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relying on two embedded case studies of product development within IKEA's industrial network, this paper examines the role of Target Costing as an accounting tool that has the capacity to frame development efforts into either exploitative or explorative projects. Such a framing affects, in turn, the configuration of the relevant network of resources and mediates the behavior of the actors involved via specific types of controls. We contribute to the IMP-inspired literature on innovation and product development as we add nuances to how the concepts of exploitative and explorative innovation paths play out on a network level, especially in relation to the resource dimension. In addition, the notion of the mediating role of accounting adds to how we can understand control and its consequences in an interorganizational network context. Our data consists of several sources, about 70 interviews with individuals working at IKEA and its partners. We also had access to internal company material such as costing calculations. Our study has practical implications as it can help managers identify which types of control to use and how these can be matched with different innovations strategies on a network level. © 2024 The Authors
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Baraldi, Enrico, Professor, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The pros and cons of reshoring to address the problems of shortages in global pharmaceutical value chains : the case of antibiotics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2398-5364 .- 2398-5372. ; 16:3, s. 618-640
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Antibiotics shortages have become an increasingly common problem in Europe because of several reasons, including the offshoring of the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients for many of these products to low production cost countries, such as China and India. The problem has deteriorated because of the Covid-19 crisis that has put most global value chains (GVCs) under great stress. This situation has boosted extensive discussions among academics, practitioners and policymakers on possible changes to the configuration of GVCs. This paper aims to focus specifically on antibiotics supply chains from the perspective of a small country (Sweden), and analyse the pros and cons of backshoring and nearshoring alternatives, as a means to reduce drug shortages.Design/methodology/approach: This work adopts a systemic perspective to capture the implications of reshoring for the different stakeholders involved in the antibiotics field. The present meso-analysis, focusing at the industry level, is based on multiple sources of primary data collected between 2014 and 2021, including participation in policy-related projects and interviews with over 100 representatives of key stakeholders in the antibiotics field.Findings: This paper shows how reshoring can address the problems of drug shortages and reduce availability risk in antibiotics’ GVCs. However, the authors show that no simple and best solution exists because both alternatives of reshoring, i.e. backshoring and nearshoring, entail pros and cons for different stakeholders. The authors conclude with implications for policymakers and managers.Research limitations/implications: The analysis of pros and cons of both backshoring and nearshoring for various stakeholders offers relevant implications for research on operations and supply management, international business and economics/political science.Originality/value: This paper looks at reshoring as a policy-driven decision and provides an innovative systemic perspective to analyse the implications for different stakeholders of two reshoring options concerning the antibiotics supply chain.
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| 14. |
- Baraldi, Enrico, 1970-
(författare)
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When Information Technology Faces Resource Interaction : Using IT Tools to Handle Products at IKEA and Edsbyn
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates the interplay between IT and the other resources in business networks. IT tools are important facilities that firms utilize in several managerial tasks. Two main issues are addressed: (1) how does IT affect the surrounding resources? and (2) how does the value of IT emerge in relation to these resources? Two case studies present how the firms IKEA and Edsbyn use IT tools in handling their products (IKEA’s table Lack and Edsbyn’s table El-Bord). 130 personal interviews and many visits to several firms offered a detailed picture of the resources, information, and IT tools in twelve managerial tasks (six per product). The effects and the value of IT emerge when IT interplays with the other resources (products, facilities, business units and relationships) that embed the IT facilities. The effects of IT on resources vary greatly across the twelve managerial tasks, grouped into two categories, exploitative and explorative. In exploitative tasks (aiming at static efficiency), the effects of IT are stronger, thanks to highly relevant IT-embedded models and to highly formalized information. Conversely, IT has restricted effects in explorative tasks, because IT is unable (1) to model non-given resources, (2) to handle network-embedded information, and (3) to steer non-linear development processes. However, IT stabilizes exploration by formalizing ex ante and freezing ex post resources. As for IT’s value, there exist no perfect IT tool in relation to the conflicting resources. Even downscaled IT systems become highly proficient tools if favourably embedded by other resources. The value of IT is more evident in exploitative tasks, where IT more easily models resources and digitalizes the needed information: IT structures resources and automates activities, as required for maintaining efficiency. In explorative tasks, instead, IT is a conservative force, because it focuses on established resource combinations, while neglecting wholly new ones.
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| 15. |
- Brantnell, Anders, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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An inductive exploration of the implementation knowledge of research funders
- 2019
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Ingår i: Health Research Policy and Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-4505. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Healthcare research funders may undertake various roles to facilitate implementation of research findings. Their ability to enact such roles depends on several factors, knowledge of implementation being one essential requirement. However, previous studies do not assess the type or level of knowledge about implementation that research funders possess. This paper therefore presents findings from a qualitative, inductive study of the implementation knowledge of research funders. Three aspects of this knowledge are explored, namely how research funders define implementation, their level of self-assessed implementation knowledge and the factors influencing their self-assessment of implementation knowledge.Methods: Research funders (n = 18) were purposefully selected from a sample of research funding organisations in Sweden (n = 10). In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted, recorded and transcribed verbatim. An inductive method using a systematic coding procedure was employed to derive the findings.Results: The research funders defined implementation as either an outcome or a process, with the majority believing that implementation of healthcare research results demands a process, although its complexity varied in the research funders’ view. They perceived their own level of implementation knowledge as either limited or substantial, with a majority regarding it as limited. Clinical research experience, clinical experience and task relevance were singled out as the clearest factors affecting the self-assessment of their own implementation knowledge.Conclusions: This study, the first to focus on implementation knowledge of research funders, demonstrates that they are a category of policy-makers who may possess knowledge, based on their previous professional experience, that is comparable to some important findings from implementation research. Consequently, the findings not only pinpoint the relevance of professional experience, but also reveal a lack of awareness and knowledge of the results of implementation research among research funders in charge of healthcare research.
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| 16. |
- Brantnell, Anders, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers to and Facilitators of the Implementation of Digital Mental Health Interventions as Perceived by Primary Care Decision Makers : Content Analysis of Structured Open-Ended Survey Data
- 2023
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Ingår i: JMIR Human Factors. - : JMIR Publications. - 2292-9495. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Digital mental health represents a way to increase access to evidence-based psychological support. However, the implementation of digital mental health in routine health care practice is limited, with few studies focusing on implementation. Accordingly, there is a need to better understand the barriers to and facilitators of implementing digital mental health. Existing studies have mainly focused on the viewpoints of patients and health professionals. Currently, there are few studies about barriers and facilitators from the perspective of primary care decision makers, that is, the persons responsible for deciding whether a given digital mental health intervention should be implemented in a primary care organization.Objective: The objectives were to identify and describe barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of digital mental health as perceived by primary care decision makers, evaluate the relative importance of different barriers and facilitators, and compare barriers and facilitators reported by primary care decision makers who have versus have not implemented digital mental health interventions.Methods: A web-based self-report survey was conducted with primary care decision makers responsible for the implementation of digital mental health in primary care organizations in Sweden. Answers to 2 open-ended questions about barriers and facilitators were analyzed through summative and deductive content analysis.Results: The survey was completed by 284 primary care decision makers—59 (20.8%) decision makers representing implementers (ie, organizations that offered digital mental health interventions) and 225 (79.2%) respondents representing nonimplementers (ie, organizations that did not offer digital mental health interventions). Overall, 90% (53/59) of the implementers and 98.7% (222/225) of the nonimplementers identified barriers, and 97% (57/59) of the implementers and 93.3% (210/225) of the nonimplementers identified facilitators. Altogether, 29 barriers and 20 facilitators of implementation were identified related to guidelines; patients; health professionals; incentives and resources; capacity for organizational change; and social, political, and legal factors. The most prevalent barriers were related to incentives and resources, whereas the most prevalent facilitators were related to the capacity for organizational change.Conclusions: A number of barriers and facilitators were identified that could influence the implementation of digital mental health from the perspective of primary care decision makers. Implementers and nonimplementers identified many common barriers and facilitators, but they differ in terms of certain barriers and facilitators. Common and differing barriers and facilitators identified by implementers and nonimplementers may be important to address when planning for the implementation of digital mental health interventions. For instance, financial incentives and disincentives (eg, increased costs) are the most frequently mentioned barrier and facilitator, respectively, by nonimplementers, but not by implementers. One way to facilitate implementation could be to provide more information to nonimplementers about the actual costs related to the implementation of digital mental health.
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| 17. |
- Brantnell, Anders, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Following unique logics despite institutional complexity : An inductive study of academic inventors and institutional logics
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Management Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-2373 .- 1873-5681. ; 38:5, s. 684-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines how institutional complexity, due to the availability of multiple logics, influences the behavior of academic inventors during an innovation process. Based on four case studies of medical technology innovations, this paper identifies three logics influencing academic inventors’ behavior: academic, market, and care logics. We identify several patterns that characterize the practices of academic inventors in a context with multiple institutional logics. Despite the availability of multiple logics, we observe a strong pattern of academic inventors predominantly following the market or the care logic. As for the influence of multiple logics, we find very limited interaction between logics (i.e., reinforcing, complementary and conflicting interaction), with the prevalent pattern being “no interaction” between institutional logics. Thus, instead of following several logics, academic inventors’ specific practices are mostly guided by a “unique” logic. This influence of logics leads to a clear pattern of “dominant” influence on behavior, reflected in individual strategies of “entrenching,” that is, a strategy based on building one’s behavior on a “unique” logic. However, the same available logics can also generate "aligned" influence, entailing behavior guided by several logics. But this occurs only if the academic inventor faces uncertainty regarding the exploitation of the intellectual property. With these findings, we add to the ongoing discussion concerning institutional complexity and individual behavior by elucidating in detail how institutional complexity can entail behavior guided by “unique” logics.
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| 18. |
- Brantnell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The roles of academic inventors in medical innovation processes : Exploring the influence of IPR ownership and IP nature
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation Management. - 1363-9196 .- 1757-5877. ; 24:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses four medical innovation processes originating from Stanford and Uppsala universities with the purpose of understanding how intellectual property rights (IPR) ownership and intellectual property (IP) nature influence the behaviour of academic inventors. We analyse this behaviour through the roles enacted and evaluate the requirements the roles pose by developing a method to assess the requirements of individual roles, which we label as role intensity. We find that both IPR ownership and IP nature can influence the academic inventors’ roles and role intensities. In contrast to assumptions in research and policy, we find that IPR ownership does not influence the roles and role intensities in a remarkable way. We also find support that research and policy should distinguish between patentable and non-patentable inventions in the field of medical invention as these two types of IP nature are associated with different roles and role intensities. These findings contribute to the literature on commercialisation of science and innovation management by demonstrating the importance of IP nature in influencing the roles of inventors. Managerial and policy implications are provided.
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| 19. |
- Brantnell, Anders, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the roles and involvement of technology transfer offices in the commercialization of university research
- 2022
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Ingår i: Technovation. - : Elsevier. - 0166-4972 .- 1879-2383. ; 115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) can play important roles in university-based innovation processes, for example, by handling patenting issues and providing advice about funding. This study explores how patentability and ownership of academic inventions are connected to the roles and involvement of TTOs in commercialization of medical inventions. This in-depth exploration of four invention cases from two universities found that the number of TTO roles is related to patentability (i.e., patentable inventions entail more TTO roles than nonpatentable inventions), that the types of TTO roles are related to ownership (i.e., university-owned inventions entail more common roles than inventor-owned inventions), and TTO involvement in an innovation process is more related to patentability than to ownership (i.e., non-patentable inventions entail higher involvement than patentable inventions). We map the roles and divide them into two categories: intellectual property (IP) sheltering and intellectual property (IP) pushing. These categories align with previous understandings concerning TTO roles and contribute to theoretical and conceptual clarity. IP pushing is related more to inventor ownership than IP sheltering and IP sheltering is related more to university ownership than IP pushing.
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| 20. |
- Brantnell, Anders, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Views of Implementers and Nonimplementers of Internet-Administered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety : Survey of Primary Care Decision Makers in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 22:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Internet-administered cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) has been demonstrated to be an effective intervention for adults with depression and/or anxiety and is recommended in national guidelines for provision within Swedish primary care. However, the number and type of organizations that have implemented ICBT within primary care in Sweden is currently unclear. Further, there is a lack of knowledge concerning barriers and facilitators to ICBT implementation.OBJECTIVE: The two primary objectives were to identify and describe primary care organizations providing ICBT in Sweden and compare decision makers' (ie, directors of primary care organizations) views on barriers and facilitators to implementation of ICBT among ICBT implementers (ie, organizations that offered ICBT) and nonimplementers (ie, organizations that did not offer ICBT).METHODS: An online survey based on a checklist for identifying barriers and facilitators to implementation was developed and made accessible to decision makers from all primary care organizations in Sweden. The survey consisted of background questions (eg, provision of ICBT and number of persons working with ICBT) and barriers and facilitators relating to the following categories: users, therapists, ICBT programs, organizations, and wider society.RESULTS: The participation rate was 35.75% (404/1130). The majority (250/404, 61.8%) of participants were health care center directors and had backgrounds in nursing. Altogether, 89.8% (363/404) of the participating organizations provided CBT. A minority (83/404, 20.5%) of organizations offered ICBT. Most professionals delivering ICBT were psychologists (67/83, 80%) and social workers (31/83, 37%). The majority (61/83, 73%) of organizations had 1 to 2 persons delivering ICBT interventions. The number of patients treated with ICBT during the last 12 months was 1 to 10 in 65% (54/83) of the organizations, ranging between 1 and 400 treated patients across the whole sample. There were 9 significant (P<.05) differences out of 37 possible between implementers and nonimplementers. For example, more implementers (48/51, 94%) than nonimplementers (107/139, 76.9%) perceived few technical problems (P<.001), and more implementers (53/77, 68%) than nonimplementers (103/215, 47.9%) considered that their organization has resources to offer ICBT programs (P<.001).CONCLUSIONS: Despite research demonstrating the effectiveness of ICBT for depression and anxiety and national guidelines recommending its use, ICBT is implemented in few primary care organizations in Sweden. Several interesting differences between implementers and nonimplementers were identified, which may help inform interventions focusing on facilitating the implementation of ICBT.
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| 21. |
- Ciabuschi, Francesco, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Joining Forces to Prevent the Antibiotic Resistance Doomsday Scenario : The Rise of International Multisectoral Partnerships as a New Governance Model
- 2020
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Ingår i: Academy of Management Perspectives. - : Academy of Management. - 1558-9080 .- 1943-4529. ; 34:4, s. 458-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humanity is facing a global threat caused by growing antibiotic resistance. If the current lack of innovation in antibiotics persists, we will face a doomsday scenario with drastic implications for society, health, and business worldwide. In this study, we examine international multisectoral partnerships (IMSPs), one of the policy interventions introduced to incentivize the antibiotic innovation necessary to avoid such a scenario. Based on insights from three recently launched antibiotics IMSPs, we present their key features and argue that such partnerships represent a novel type of organizational form and governance, different from others discussed in previous research. Specifically, antibiotics IMSPs are interorganizational structures showing great governance complexity, strong centralized control, strict boundaries, and formalization of roles and rules. We discuss how antibiotics IMSPs differ from other partnerships dealing, for instance, with the environmental global challenge, and their usefulness in other contexts where similar uncertain, risky, urgent, and complex tasks need to be faced. We conclude with implications for theory as well as for policy and managerial practice, along with avenues for future research.
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| 22. |
- Ciabuschi, Francesco, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting innovation against the threat of antibiotic resistance : Exploring the impact of public incentives on firm performance and entrepreneurial orientation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 112, s. 271-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although there is an urgent need to find new antibiotics to fight growing antibiotic resistance, the development of antibiotics is at its lowest level ever. This innovation drought in the antibiotics industry is a challenge for managers, policy makers, and public health authorities. Currently, several strategies to incentivize antibiotic innovation are being considered, but their effects are unknown. Using the theoretical lens of the entrepreneurial orientation framework and Monte Carlo-based simulations on state-of-the-art pharmaceutical industry data, this study found that several incentives can increase the innovativeness of firms in this industry. However, the results show that these effects vary between incentives, between large and small firms, and across different research and development stages. This study analyzed these findings in the light of the entrepreneurial orientation framework and presents implications for theory, policy makers, and managers.
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| 23. |
- Kronlid, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Time-constrained interactions in public-private collaboration projects. The case of ENABLE
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of business & industrial marketing. - : Emerald. - 0885-8624 .- 2052-1189. ; 35:6, s. 1037-1050
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This paper aims to focus on time-constrained interactions involving industry and public actors, mainly universities, conducting research. This kind of interaction has become increasingly important to develop new pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics. The proposed theoretical frame relies on industrial marketing and purchasing’s interactive perspective on inter-organizational relationships and especially the activities, resource, actors model, combined with key concepts on temporary organizing and project management. This study identifies the temporality and time constraints imposed by this project on public–private interactions, specific coordination tools used to create such temporality and time constraints and their consequences, including positive and negative effects for the interacting parties.Design/methodology/approach: The study builds on a single in-depth qualitative case study of a major antibiotics R&D collaboration project called ENABLE.Findings: For negative consequences, this model includes the need for constantly rebuilding trust due to fast turnover of actors, difficulties in combining resources as efficiently as possible, resource constraints, bottlenecks and neglect of some activities, such as publishing, which are normally pivotal for universities. Despite these problematic consequences of temporality, resources are rapidly made available and new competencies learned quickly. Another positive effect is the possibility to achieve complex adaptations of resources and activities even in short time frames. Importantly, projects can act as a springboard for the parties to continue collaboration and in the long term develop a continuous business relationship.Originality/value: Based on the findings the authors develop a model of time-constrained inter-organizational interaction between public and private organizations.
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| 24. |
- La Rocca, Antonella, et al.
(författare)
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The emergence of the customer relationship portfolio of a new venture : a networking process
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of business & industrial marketing. - : EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0885-8624 .- 2052-1189. ; 34:5, s. 1066-1078
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose While several studies have focused on the initial phases of new ventures and their first customer and supplier relationships, we have a limited understanding of how the new venture's portfolio of customer relationships emerges. This paper aims to explore the emergence of the customer relationship portfolio of a new venture and to investigate the effects of early relationships on subsequent ones. Design/methodology/approach Methodologically, the authors rely on a longitudinal single case study of a new venture which develops, implements and sells customized cost-management software. The study is exploratory and based on 24 in-depth interviews. Findings The findings show that the development of a customer portfolio depends on the cumulative effect of heterogeneous elements and network connections. These include the initial link between the new venture and the first customer and a subsequent series of interconnections that develop with the emerging network capability of the new venture. Originality/value As one of the few studies that explore the emergence of new ventures' customer relationship portfolio, this study demonstrates the value of applying a relational/network approach for studying relationship portfolio dynamics.
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| 25. |
- Mattar, Caline, et al.
(författare)
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An overview of the global antimicrobial resistance research and development hub and the current landscape
- 2020
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-5274 .- 1879-0364. ; 57, s. 56-61
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent public health threat, and continues to be on the rise. Basic microbiological research is the foundation for addressing knowledge gaps both for the development of new antibiotics, diagnostics and preventives but also to inform strategies to mitigate the transmission of resistance and drug resistant microorganisms. Translating this research into new products to reinvigorate dwindling pipelines, especially for new antibiotics, is one of the main challenges faced in addressing AMR. The scientific complexity is compounded by the market uncertainty of any new products leading to a large proportion of pharmaceutical companies exiting the market. Consequently, a number of initiatives were developed to reinvigorate the AMR research and development (R&D) landscape. Despite all these efforts, the antibiotic pipeline remains inadequate to keep up with the increasing rates of resistance globally. Given the number of individual and multilateral actions, there is an urgent need for a common platform and coordination to ensure that resources are adequately used to address the critical challenges posed by AMR globally hence the founding of the Global AMR R&D Hub to take on this role.
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| 26. |
- Perna, Andrea, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Is the value created necessarily associated with money? On the connections between an innovation process and its monetary dimension : The case of Solibro's thin-film solar cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 46:april, s. 108-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While IMP research has implicitly identified the intricate and unfair connection between innovation and its monetary dimension, there is a lack of studies which explicitly focus on this connection. Consequently, there is also a lack of concepts with which to investigate the role of money and its connections with other resources in the business landscape. This paper aims to contribute to an increased understanding of this phenomena, by explicitly investigating the connection between the social-material and the monetary dimensions of an innovation journey. We analyze a case study on new type of thin-film solar cells; an innovation journey in which both the social-material and monetary dimensions involve public and private actors and transcend national borders. We identify five key connections between social-material resources and the monetary dimension: (1) Monetary flows finance new resource combinations; (2) the monetary dimension evaluates social-material resources, even though it does so in highly subjective, erratic and negotiated ways; (3-4) business deals and monetary flows both enable and block actions on social-material resources; and (5) business deals distribute, although very unevenly, the costs and benefits of social-material resources among the involved actors. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Perna, Andrea, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The value co-creation journey : a longitudinal process unfolding in a network through collaboration
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of business & industrial marketing. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0885-8624 .- 2052-1189. ; 37:13, s. 182-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This study aims to develop our understanding of the value co-creation process in business networks. This study identifies four key sub-processes that characterize the value co-creation journey as it unfolds across an inter-organizational network. These four sub-processes are opportunity co-creation, solution co-creation, complementary co-creation and activated co-creation.Design/methodology/approach: Reflecting the exploratory nature of this research, the methodology relies on an in-depth case study, which is analyzed through the lens of the resource interaction occurring within the specific business relationships and collaborative episodes that affected the nine-year long development of Deko, a new architectural lighting solution.Findings: The main contribution of the paper is identifying the sub-processes comprising the value co-creation journey of a technology development solution based on resource combining, re-combining and un-combining across a business network. That value co-creation occurs through a time-consuming journey requiring multiple episodes of collaboration can also inspire the practice of handling this process for instance for a small business such as the one featured in this case study.Originality/value: This paper highlights that the value co-creation journey process has the potential to frame the unfolding of collaboration in practice for a small business.
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| 29. |
- Prenkert, Frans, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Resource interaction: Key concepts, relations and representations
- 2022
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 105, s. 48-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Value co-creation is a core focus area in both B2B marketing and strategy research, necessitating resource utilization within and across organizational boundaries. In the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) group, scholars have focused on the interactions among resources as one important way to analyze central questions about resources in business relationships and networks. This has produced a breadth of investigations and concepts that are locally defined and utilized. This may hamper further theoretical development and inhibit analytical precision. The purpose of this paper is to develop a more general shared understanding of resource interaction by identifying and explicating the key concepts used, and to assess its status as an approach. The paper synthesizes 20 years of research to identify key concepts and the relationships across concepts. This provides both a platform for further conceptual and empirical research within IMP and potential for crossfertilization with parallel B2B areas.
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| 30. |
- Theuretzbacher, Ursula, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and shortcomings of antibacterial discovery projects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - : Elsevier. - 1198-743X .- 1469-0691. ; 29:5, s. 610-615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesAntibacterial drug discovery activities are essential for filling clinical pipelines with promising clinical candidates. Little information is available about the challenges and shortcomings of small companies and academic institutions in performing these important discovery tasks.MethodsWe performed a content analysis of 463 reviewer comments on 91 funding applications of antibacterial drug discovery projects submitted to two major global funders between 2016 and 2020 that had not proceeded further in the selection process. This quality assessment was complemented with the inputs (via e-mail) from a panel involving six antibiotic research and development (R&D) experts with long-standing expertise and experience in antibiotic drug discovery.ResultsCommon critical comments of reviewers are grouped into three main categories: scientific and technical shortcomings, unclear potential societal impact, and insufficient capability and expertise of the project team regarding the R&D process. Insufficient characterization of in vitro activity and/or testing of the hits/leads and insufficient antibacterial activity were the most common critical comments. Other areas of concern were insufficient or lack of differentiation from available drugs or projects with a long R&D history, and the research team's insufficient knowledge of a structured streamlined R&D process as reflected in severe gaps in the expertise of the R&D team. Little appreciation for the problem of the emergence of target-based resistance, especially in single-target approaches, and little awareness of toxicological issues, including approaches with historical liabilities were also commonly mentioned. The shortcomings identified through the analysis of funding applications are echoed by the results of the expert panel.DiscussionOur analysis identified an urgent need of strengthening the support for antibacterial drug discovery teams to help more projects reach such a quality to be eligible for global funders and private investors.
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| 31. |
- Årdal, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Insights into early stage of antibiotic development in small- and medium-sized enterprises : a survey of targets, costs, and durations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-3211. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Antibiotic innovation has dwindled to dangerously low levels in the past 30 years. Since resistance continues to evolve, this innovation deficit can have perilous consequences on patients. A number of new incentives have been suggested to stimulate greater antibacterial drug innovation. To design effective solutions, a greater understanding is needed of actual antibiotic discovery and development costs and timelines. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) undertake most discovery and early phase development for antibiotics and other drugs. This paper attempts to gather a better understanding of SMEs’ targets, costs, and durations related to discovery and early phase development of antibacterial therapies.Methods DRIVE-AB, a project focused on developing new economic incentives to stimulate antibacterial innovation, held a European stakeholder meeting in February 2015. All SMEs invited to this meeting (n = 44) were subsequently sent a survey to gather more data regarding their areas of activity, completed and expected development costs and timelines, and business models.Results Twenty-five companies responded to the survey. Respondents were primarily small companies each focusing on developing 1 to 3 new antibiotics, focused on pathogens of public health importance. Most have not yet completed any clinical trials. They have reported ranges of discovery and development out-of-pocket costs that appear to be less expensive than other studies of general pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) costs. The duration ranges reported for completing each phase of R&D are highly variable when compared to previously published general pharmaceutical innovation average durations. However, our sample population is small and may not be fully representative of all relevant antibiotic SMEs.Conclusions The data collected by this study provide important insights and estimates about R&D in European SMEs focusing on antibiotics, which can be combined with other data to design incentives to stimulate antibacterial innovation. The variation implies that costs and durations are difficult to generalize due to the unique characteristics of each antibiotic project and depend on individual business strategies and circumstances.
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