| 1. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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| 2. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Pierre, M., et al.
(författare)
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The XXL Survey I. Scientific motivations - XMM-Newton observing plan - Follow-up observations and simulation programme
- 2016
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The quest for the cosmological parameters that describe our universe continues to motivate the scientific community to undertake very large survey initiatives across the electromagnetic spectrum. Over the past two decades, the Chandra and XMM-Newton observatories have supported numerous studies of X-ray-selected clusters of galaxies, active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and the X-ray background. The present paper is the first in a series reporting results of the XXL-XMM survey; it comes at a time when the Planck mission results are being finalised. Aims. We present the XXL Survey, the largest XMM programme totaling some 6.9 Ms to date and involving an international consortium of roughly 100 members. The XXL Survey covers two extragalactic areas of 25 deg(2) each at a point-source sensitivity of similar to 5 x 10(-15) erg s(-1) cm(-2) in the [0.5-2] keV band (completeness limit). The survey's main goals are to provide constraints on the dark energy equation of state from the space-time distribution of clusters of galaxies and to serve as a pathfinder for future, wide-area X-ray missions. We review science objectives, including cluster studies, AGN evolution, and large-scale structure, that are being conducted with the support of approximately 30 follow-up programmes. Methods. We describe the 542 XMM observations along with the associated multi-lambda and numerical simulation programmes. We give a detailed account of the X-ray processing steps and describe innovative tools being developed for the cosmological analysis. Results. The paper provides a thorough evaluation of the X-ray data, including quality controls, photon statistics, exposure and background maps, and sky coverage. Source catalogue construction and multi-lambda associations are briefly described. This material will be the basis for the calculation of the cluster and AGN selection functions, critical elements of the cosmological and science analyses. Conclusions. The XXL multi-lambda data set will have a unique lasting legacy value for cosmological and extragalactic studies and will serve as a calibration resource for future dark energy studies with clusters and other X-ray selected sources. With the present article, we release the XMM XXL photon and smoothed images along with the corresponding exposure maps.
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| 7. |
- Pierre, M., et al.
(författare)
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The XXL survey : First results and future
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomical Notes - Astronomische Nachrichten. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0004-6337 .- 1521-3994. ; 338:2-3, s. 334-341
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The XXL survey currently covers two 25 deg(2) patches with XMM observations of similar to 10 ks. We summarize the scientific results associated with the first release of the XXL dataset, which occurred in mid-2016. We review several arguments for increasing the survey depth to 40 ks during the next decade of XMM operations. X-ray (z < 2) cluster, (z < 4) active galactic nuclei (AGN), and cosmic background survey science will then benefit from an extraordinary data reservoir. This, combined with deep multi-lambda observations, will lead to solid standalone cosmological constraints and provide a wealth of information on the formation and evolution of AGN, clusters, and the X-ray background. In particular, it will offer a unique opportunity to pinpoint the z > 1 cluster density. It will eventually constitute a reference study and an ideal calibration field for the upcoming eROSITA and Euclid missions.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Baran, N., et al.
(författare)
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The XXL Survey IX. Optical overdensity and radio continuum analysis of a supercluster at z=0.43
- 2016
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 592
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at 3 GHz (10 cm) toward a sub-field of the XXL-North 25 deg(2) field targeting the first supercluster discovered in the XXL Survey. The structure has been found at a spectroscopic redshift of 0.43 and extending over 0.degrees 35x0.degrees 1 on the sky. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we present the 3 GHz VLA radio continuum observations, the final radio mosaic and radio source catalogue, and, second, we perform a detailed analysis of the supercluster in the optical and radio regimes using photometric redshifts from the CFHTLS survey and our new VLA-XXL data. Our final 3 GHz radio mosaic has a resolution of 3 ''.2 x 1 ''.9, and encompasses an area of 41'x41' with rms noise level lower than similar to 20 mu Jy beam(-1). The noise in the central 15'x15' region is approximate to 11 mu Jy beam(-1). From the mosaic we extract a catalogue of 155 radio sources with signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) >= 6, eight of which are large, multicomponent sources, and 123 (79%) of which can be associated with optical sources in the CFHTLS W1 catalogue. Applying Voronoi tessellation analysis (VTA) in the area around the X-ray identified supercluster using photometric redshifts from the CFHTLS survey we identify a total of seventeen overdensities at z(phot) = 0.35-0.50, 7 of which are associated with clusters detected in the XMM-Newton XXL data. We find a mean photometric redshift of 0.43 for our overdensities, consistent with the spectroscopic redshifts of the brightest cluster galaxies of seven X-ray detected clusters. The full VTA-identified structure extends over similar to 0.degrees 6x0.degrees 2on the sky, which corresponds to a physical size of similar to 12x4 Mpc(2) at z = 0.43. No large radio galaxies are present within the overdensities, and we associate eight (S/N > 7) radio sources with potential group/cluster member galaxies. The spatial distribution of the red and blue VTA-identified potential group member galaxies, selected by their observed g -r colours, suggests that the clusters are not virialised yet, but are dynamically young, as expected for hierarchical structure growth in a Lambda CDM universe. Further spectroscopic data are required to analyse the dynamical state of the groups.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Carlson, Michael. C. G., et al.
(författare)
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Viruses affect picocyanobacterial abundance and biogeography in the North Pacific Ocean
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-5276. ; 7:4, s. 570-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The photosynthetic picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are models for dissecting how ecological niches are defined by environmental conditions, but how interactions with bacteriophages affect picocyanobacterial biogeography in open ocean biomes has rarely been assessed. We applied single-virus and single-cell infection approaches to quantify cyanophage abundance and infected picocyanobacteria in 87 surface water samples from five transects that traversed approximately 2,200 km in the North Pacific Ocean on three cruises, with a duration of 2–4 weeks, between 2015 and 2017. We detected a 550-km-wide hotspot of cyanophages and virus-infected picocyanobacteria in the transition zone between the North Pacific Subtropical and Subpolar gyres that was present in each transect. Notably, the hotspot occurred at a consistent temperature and displayed distinct cyanophage-lineage composition on all transects. On two of these transects, the levels of infection in the hotspot were estimated to be sufficient to substantially limit the geographical range of Prochlorococcus. Coincident with the detection of high levels of virally infected picocyanobacteria, we measured an increase of 10–100-fold in the Synechococcus populations in samples that are usually dominated by Prochlorococcus. We developed a multiple regression model of cyanophages, temperature and chlorophyll concentrations that inferred that the hotspot extended across the North Pacific Ocean, creating a biological boundary between gyres, with the potential to release organic matter comparable to that of the sevenfold-larger North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Our results highlight the probable impact of viruses on large-scale phytoplankton biogeography and biogeochemistry in distinct regions of the oceans.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Akan, Batu, et al.
(författare)
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Intuitive Industrial Robot Programming Through Incremental Multimodal Language and Augmented Reality
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 IEEE International Conferance on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2011). - : IEEE. - 9781612843865 ; , s. 3934-3939
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing easy to use, intuitive interfaces is crucial to introduce robotic automation to many small medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Due to their continuously changing product lines, reprogramming costs exceed installation costs by a large margin. In addition, traditional programming methods for industrial robots is too complex for an inexperienced robot programmer, thus external assistance is often needed. In this paper a new incremental multimodal language, which uses augmented reality (AR) environment, is presented. The proposed language architecture makes it possible to manipulate, pick or place the objects in the scene. This approach shifts the focus of industrial robot programming from coordinate based programming paradigm, to object based programming scheme. This makes it possible for non-experts to program the robot in an intuitive way, without going through rigorous training in robot programming.
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| 15. |
- Akan, Batu, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Scheduling for Multiple Type Objects Using POPStar Planner
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA'14), Barcelona, Spain, September, 2014. - 9781479948468 ; , s. Article number 7005148-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, scheduling of robot cells that produce multiple object types in low volumes are considered. The challenge is to maximize the number of objects produced in a given time window as well as to adopt the schedule for changing object types. Proposed algorithm, POPStar, is based on a partial order planner which is guided by best-first search algorithm and landmarks. The best-first search, uses heuristics to help the planner to create complete plans while minimizing the makespan. The algorithm takes landmarks, which are extracted from user's instructions given in structured English as input. Using different topologies for the landmark graphs, we show that it is possible to create schedules for changing object types, which will be processed in different stages in the robot cell. Results show that the POPStar algorithm can create and adapt schedules for robot cells with changing product types in low volume production.
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| 16. |
- Akan, Batu, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Creation of Robot Programs Through User Interaction
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper proposes a novel system for task-level programming of industrial robots. The user interacts with an industrial robot by giving instructions in a structured natural language and by selecting objects through an augmented reality interface. The proposed system consists of two parts. First, a multimodal framework that provides a natural language interface to the user. This framework performs modality fusion, semantic analysis and helps the user to interact with the system easier and more naturally. The proposed language architecture makes it possible to manipulate, pick or place objects in a scene through high-level commands. The second component is the POPStar planner, which is based on partial order planner (POP), that takes landmarks extracted from user instructions as input, and creates a sequence of actions to operate the robotic cell with minimal makespan. The proposed planner takes advantage of partial order capabilities of POP to plan execution of actions in parallel and employs a best-first search algorithm to seek a series of actions that lead to a minimal makespan. The proposed planner can as well handle robots with multiple grippers, and parallel machines. Using different topologies for the landmark graphs, we show that it is possible to create schedules for changing object types, which are processed in different stages in the robot cell. Results show that the proposed system can create and adapt schedules for robot cells with changing product types in low volume production based on the user's instructions.
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| 17. |
- Ameri E., Afshin, et al.
(författare)
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A General Framework for Incremental Processing of Multimodal Inputs
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on multimodal interfaces. - New York : ACM Press. - 9781450306416 ; , s. 225-228
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans employ different information channels (modalities) such as speech, pictures and gestures in their commu- nication. It is believed that some of these modalities are more error-prone to some specific type of data and therefore multimodality can help to reduce ambiguities in the interaction. There have been numerous efforts in implementing multimodal interfaces for computers and robots. Yet, there is no general standard framework for developing them. In this paper we propose a general framework for implementing multimodal interfaces. It is designed to perform natural language understanding, multi- modal integration and semantic analysis with an incremental pipeline and includes a multimodal grammar language, which is used for multimodal presentation and semantic meaning generation.
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| 18. |
- Ameri E., Afshin, et al.
(författare)
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Incremental Multimodal Interface for Human-Robot Interaction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA 2010. ; , s. Art.nr. 5641234-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Face-to-face human communication is a multimodal and incremental process. An intelligent robot that operates in close relation with humans should have the ability to communicate with its human colleagues in such manner. The process of understanding and responding to multimodal inputs has been an interesting field of research and resulted in advancements in areas such as syntactic and semantic analysis, modality fusion and dialogue management. Some approaches in syntactic and semantic analysis take incremental nature of human interaction into account. Our goal is to unify syntactic/semantic analysis, modality fusion and dialogue management processes into an incremental multimodal interaction manager. We believe that this approach will lead to a more robust system which can perform faster than today's systems.
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| 19. |
- Baran, M, et al.
(författare)
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SURVIVIN IS AN ESSENTIAL MEDIATOR OF ARTHRITIS INTERACTING WITH UROKINASE SIGNALLING.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine. - : Wiley. - 1582-4934 .- 1582-1838. ; 13:9B, s. 3797-3808
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT Proto-oncogene survivin has recently been identified as a prognostic marker distinguishing patients with destructive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present material of 132 RA patients and 82 controls the levels of survivin correlated to urokinase (uPA) (r=0.46), a plasminogen activator over expressed in inflamed joints and known to exhibit potent arthritogenic properties. Here we evaluate the functional relationship between these proteins using primary synovial fibroblasts and leukocytes of RA patients, human monocytic (THP-1) and fibroblast (MRC-5) cell lines. Using inhibitors of intracellular signalling we show that uPA and survivin share common transduction pathways being in synovial fibroblasts dependent on the activity of tyrosine kinases, PI3-kinase and MEK. Moreover, uPA production is significantly reduced in fibroblasts if survivin synthesis has been silenced by siRNA. Importantly, silencing of survivin in fibroblasts prevented their invasive growth in knee joints of SCID mice. Interaction of uPA with receptor up regulates survivin expression in leukocytes. In turn, survivin is required for the upregulation of uPA receptor on cell surface. These findings indicate that survivin is an essential mediator of arthritogenic properties of uPA regulating its synthesis in synovial fibroblasts and uPAR expression in leukocytes. Close correlation between survivin and uPA levels in patients with RA supports the importance of this connection for the pathogenesis of arthritis.
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| 20. |
- Baran, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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A ROS Package for Human-In-the-Loop Planning and Control under Linear Temporal Logic Tasks
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 2182-2187
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose a ROS software package for planning and control of robotic systems with a human-in-the-Ioop focus. The software uses temporal logic specifications, specifically Linear Temporal Logic, for a language-based method to develop correct-by-design high level robot plans. The approach is structured to allow a human to adjust the high-level plan online. A human may also take control of the robot (in a low-level control fashion), but the software prevents the human from implementing dangerous behaviour that would violate the high-level task specification. Finally, the planner is able to learn human-preferred high-level tasks by tracking human low-level control inputs in an inverse learning framework. The proposed approach is demonstrated in a warehouse setting with multiple robot agents to showcase the efficacy of the proposed solution.
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| 21. |
- Brem, Jürgen, et al.
(författare)
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Imitation of β-lactam binding enables broad-spectrum metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature Chemistry. - : Springer Nature. - 1755-4330 .- 1755-4349. ; 14:1, s. 15-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbapenems are vital antibiotics, but their efficacy is increasingly compromised by metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). Here we report the discovery and optimization of potent broad-spectrum MBL inhibitors. A high-throughput screen for NDM-1 inhibitors identified indole-2-carboxylates (InCs) as potential β-lactamase stable β-lactam mimics. Subsequent structure-activity relationship studies revealed InCs as a new class of potent MBL inhibitor, active against all MBL classes of major clinical relevance. Crystallographic studies revealed a binding mode of the InCs to MBLs that, in some regards, mimics that predicted for intact carbapenems, including with respect to maintenance of the Zn(II)-bound hydroxyl, and in other regards mimics binding observed in MBL-carbapenem product complexes. InCs restore carbapenem activity against multiple drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and have a low frequency of resistance. InCs also have a good in vivo safety profile, and when combined with meropenem show a strong in vivo efficacy in peritonitis and thigh mouse infection models.
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| 22. |
- Fyhrquist, N, et al.
(författare)
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Microbe-host interplay in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 4703-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite recent advances in understanding microbial diversity in skin homeostasis, the relevance of microbial dysbiosis in inflammatory disease is poorly understood. Here we perform a comparative analysis of skin microbial communities coupled to global patterns of cutaneous gene expression in patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. The skin microbiota is analysed by 16S amplicon or whole genome sequencing and the skin transcriptome by microarrays, followed by integration of the data layers. We find that atopic dermatitis and psoriasis can be classified by distinct microbes, which differ from healthy volunteers microbiome composition. Atopic dermatitis is dominated by a single microbe (Staphylococcus aureus), and associated with a disease relevant host transcriptomic signature enriched for skin barrier function, tryptophan metabolism and immune activation. In contrast, psoriasis is characterized by co-occurring communities of microbes with weak associations with disease related gene expression. Our work provides a basis for biomarker discovery and targeted therapies in skin dysbiosis.
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| 23. |
- Grage-Griebenow, E., et al.
(författare)
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An Fcγ receptor I (CD64)-negative subpopulation of human peripheral blood monocytes is resistant to killing by antigen-activated CD4-positive cytotoxic T cells
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 27:9, s. 2358-2365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been demonstrated that in monocyte/T cell co-cultures activated with recall antigens, cytotoxic T cells were generated which are able to reduce the number of antigen-presenting monocytes. In previous studies we could show that a minor subset of monocytes, the Fc gamma receptor I-negative (CD64(-)) monocytes, exhibits significantly higher antigen-presenting capacity than the main population of monocytes (> 90%) which are Fc gamma receptor I-positive (CD64(+)). Therefore, we addressed the question whether they are also differentially susceptible to T cell-mediated killing. In the present study we demonstrate that the CD64(-) monocyte subset is more resistant to killing by antigen-activated T cells than CD64(+) monocytes, as indicated by a higher viability and recovery of CD64(-) monocytes. This mechanism involves CD95 (Fas) antigen, since monocyte death in co-cultures with antigen-activated T cells could be partially reduced by blocking anti-Fas monoclonal antibodies (mAb). In agreement with this finding, although CD95 antigen was expressed on CD64(+) and CD64(-) monocytes at comparable levels, killing of CD64(-) monocytes by activating anti-Fas mAb was lower than of CD64(+) monocytes.
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| 24. |
- Hooshyar, Hossein, et al.
(författare)
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Coordination assessment of overcurrent relays in distribution feeders with high penetration of PV systems
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 IEEE Grenoble Conference PowerTech, POWERTECH 2013. - : IEEE. - 9781467356695 ; , s. 6652117-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the impact of Photovoltaic (PV) systems on the coordination between overcurrent relays in a PV-dominated distribution feeder. The paper shows under what conditions and how significant the PV systems affect the coordination. The paper also proposes a method for assessing the coordination in such feeders. Performance of the proposed methods has been assessed by simulations on a sample distribution feeder.
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| 25. |
- Hooshyar, Hossein, et al.
(författare)
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Fault analysis on distribution feeders employing solid state transformers
- 2014
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Ingår i: 2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781479964154 ; , s. 6938868-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on fault analysis of a distribution feeder which employs Solid State Transformers (SSTs) rather than magnetic transformers in order to facilitate large scale integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) into the system. To estimate the fault current profile on such a feeder, the paper proposes a new method which extends the capability of conventional short-circuit analysis method. Performance of the proposed method has been assessed by simulations on a sample distribution feeder.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Hooshyar, Hossein, et al.
(författare)
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Fault analysis on distribution feeders with high penetration of PV systems
- 2013
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. - 0885-8950 .- 1558-0679. ; 28:3, s. 2890-2896
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fault current profile on a PV dominated distribution feeder is rather different than a conventional feeder. To estimate the fault current profile on such a feeder, the paper proposes a new method which extends the capability of conventional short-circuit analysis method. The paper also shows that this time varying fault current profile makes it also more difficult to estimate the time it will take for an overcurrent relay/device to interrupt such a fault current. The paper proposes a method for estimation of this operating time also. Performance of the proposed methods has been assessed by simulations on a sample distribution feeder.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling of Carbon Nanotube Catalytic Growth
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have; due to their remarkable mechanical; electronic and thermal properties; many suggested uses; and have even been demonstrated as interconnects and nano-transistors in laboratory built devices [1-4]. The reason CNTs are not yet incorporated into electronics is due to growth control and placement issues. With present day state-of-the-art techniques it is not possible to grow CNTs with only one property (i.e. either all metallic or all semiconducting); which presents the first and principal hurdle for the utilisation of CNTs in semiconductor industry. It is; however; possible to grow CNTs of a certain type (multi-walled; double-walled; or single walled); within a rather narrow diameter distribution. It is also well understood how the orientation of the honey-comb structure relative to the CNT axis determines the property of the CNT itself. The problem lies in realizing growth of CNTs with control over this internal graphene structuring. We have performed first-principles calculations of how single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) bond with different metal nanoparticles explaining why the traditional catalysts (Fe; Co; Ni) are more successful than other metals (Cu; Pd; Au) [5]; and how this realization relates to new nanocomposite catalyst particles (Cu/Mo) [6]. We will present our contribution to understanding the mechanism of catalytic CNT growth; since it is only through better knowledge that property-controlled growth of CNTs can be achieved
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Mansouri, L, et al.
(författare)
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Different prognostic impact of recurrent gene mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia depending on IGHV gene somatic hypermutation status: a study by ERIC in HARMONY
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Leukemia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5551 .- 0887-6924. ; 37:2, s. 339-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent evidence suggests that the prognostic impact of gene mutations in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may differ depending on the immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) gene somatic hypermutation (SHM) status. In this study, we assessed the impact of nine recurrently mutated genes (BIRC3, EGR2, MYD88, NFKBIE, NOTCH1, POT1, SF3B1, TP53, and XPO1) in pre-treatment samples from 4580 patients with CLL, using time-to-first-treatment (TTFT) as the primary end-point in relation to IGHV gene SHM status. Mutations were detected in 1588 (34.7%) patients at frequencies ranging from 2.3–9.8% with mutations in NOTCH1 being the most frequent. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, mutations in all genes except MYD88 were associated with a significantly shorter TTFT. In multivariate analysis of Binet stage A patients, performed separately for IGHV-mutated (M-CLL) and unmutated CLL (U-CLL), a different spectrum of gene alterations independently predicted short TTFT within the two subgroups. While SF3B1 and XPO1 mutations were independent prognostic variables in both U-CLL and M-CLL, TP53, BIRC3 and EGR2 aberrations were significant predictors only in U-CLL, and NOTCH1 and NFKBIE only in M-CLL. Our findings underscore the need for a compartmentalized approach to identify high-risk patients, particularly among M-CLL patients, with potential implications for stratified management.
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| 37. |
- Merz, Mariann, et al.
(författare)
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Autonomous UAS-Based Agriculture Applications : General Overview and Relevant European Case Studies
- 2022
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Ingår i: DRONES. - : MDPI. - 2504-446X. ; 6:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging precision agriculture techniques rely on the frequent collection of high-quality data which can be acquired efficiently by unmanned aerial systems (UAS). The main obstacle for wider adoption of this technology is related to UAS operational costs. The path forward requires a high degree of autonomy and integration of the UAS and other cyber physical systems on the farm into a common Farm Management System (FMS) to facilitate the use of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for decision support. Such a solution has been implemented in the EU project AFarCloud (Aggregated Farming in the Cloud). The regulation of UAS operations is another important factor that impacts the adoption rate of agricultural UAS. An analysis of the new European UAS regulations relevant for autonomous operation is included. Autonomous UAS operation through the AFarCloud FMS solution has been demonstrated at several test farms in multiple European countries. Novel applications have been developed, such as the retrieval of data from remote field sensors using UAS and in situ measurements using dedicated UAS payloads designed for physical contact with the environment. The main findings include that (1) autonomous UAS operation in the agricultural sector is feasible once the regulations allow this; (2) the UAS should be integrated with the FMS and include autonomous data processing and charging functionality to offer a practical solution; and (3) several applications beyond just asset monitoring are relevant for the UAS and will help to justify the cost of this equipment.
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| 38. |
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- Xiang, Jinbao, et al.
(författare)
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Hindered dialkyl ether synthesis with electrogenerated carbocations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 573:7774, s. 398-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hindered ethers are of high value for various applications; however, they remain an underexplored area of chemical space because they are difficult to synthesize via conventional reactions(1,2). Such motifs are highly coveted in medicinal chemistry, because extensive substitution about the ether bond prevents unwanted metabolic processes that can lead to rapid degradation in vivo. Here we report a simple route towards the synthesis of hindered ethers, in which electrochemical oxidation is used to liberate high-energy carbocations from simple carboxylic acids. These reactive carbocation intermediates, which are generated with low electrochemical potentials, capture an alcohol donor under non-acidic conditions; this enables the formation of a range of ethers (more than 80 have been prepared here) that would otherwise be difficult to access. The carbocations can also be intercepted by simple nucleophiles, leading to the formation of hindered alcohols and even alkyl fluorides. This method was evaluated for its ability to circumvent the synthetic bottlenecks encountered in the preparation of 12 chemical scaffolds, leading to higher yields of the required products, in addition to substantial reductions in the number of steps and the amount of labour required to prepare them. The use of molecular probes and the results of kinetic studies support the proposed mechanism and the role of additives under the conditions examined. The reaction manifold that we report here demonstrates the power of electrochemistry to access highly reactive intermediates under mild conditions and, in turn, the substantial improvements in efficiency that can be achieved with these otherwise-inaccessible intermediates.
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