| 1. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Does lone motherhood decrease women’s happiness? : evidence from qualitative and quantitative research
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Happiness Studies. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1389-4978 .- 1573-7780. ; 15:6, s. 1457-1477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper contributes to the discussion on the effects of single motherhood on happiness. We use a mixed-method approach. First, based on in-depth interviews with mothers who gave birth while single, we explore mechanisms through which children may influence mothers’ happiness. In a second step, we analyze panel survey data to quantify this influence. Our results leave no doubt that, while raising a child outside of marriage poses many challenges, parenthood has some positive influence on a lone mother’s life.Our qualitative evidence shows that children are a central point in an unmarried woman’s life, and that many life decisions are taken with consideration of the child’s welfare, including escaping from pathological relationships. Our quantitative evidence shows that, although the general level of happiness among unmarried women is lower than among their married counterparts, raising a child does not have a negative impact on their happiness.
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| 2. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Family Size and Men’s Labor Market Outcomes : Do Social Beliefs About Men’s Roles in the Family Matter?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Feminist Economics. - : Routledge. - 1354-5701 .- 1466-4372. ; 28:2, s. 93-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides evidence on the relationship between fathers’ labor market outcomes and number of children. Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and instrumental variable models, this study examines how family size is related to fathers’ probability of employment, number of paid working hours, job rank, wages, and job stability across European countries with diverse social beliefs about men’s financial and caregiving responsibilities. Results show that having a larger family is associated with increases in fathers’ share of paid working hours, chances of having a permanent contract and a managerial position, and wages. These findings are, however, largely due to selection. Net of selection, fathers tend to increase paid working hours and are more likely to be promoted after childbirth only in countries where they are considered the main income providers, and acceptance of involved fatherhood is weak. The magnitude of these effects is small, however.
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| 3. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The causal effects of the number of children on female employment : do European institutional and gender conditions matter?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Labor Research. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0195-3613 .- 1936-4768. ; 37:3, s. 343-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper contributes to the discussion on the effects of the number of children on female employment in Europe. Most previous research has either (1) compared these effects across countries, assuming an exogeneity of family size; or (2) used methods that dealt with endogeneity of family size, but that focused on single countries. We combine these two approaches by taking a cross-country comparative perspective and applying quasi-experimental methods. We use instrumental variable models, with multiple births as instruments, and the harmonized data from the European Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). We examine the cross-country variation in the effects of family size on maternal employment across groups of European countries with different welfare state regimes. This step gives us an opportunity to investigate whether the revealed cross-country differences in the magnitude of the effect of the family size on maternal employment can be attributed to the diversity of European institutional arrangements, as well as the cultural and the structural conditions for combining work and family duties.
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| 4. |
- Brydsten, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Intergenerational Interdependence of Labour Market Careers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advances in Life Course Research. - : Elsevier. - 1040-2608. ; 54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Labour market disadvantages tend to run in families: children who grow up with parents who experience job losses or receive low wages are themselves at higher risk of experiencing labour market difficulties. However, little is known about the intergenerational transmission for those who manage to escape from precariousness, and how the transmission of labour market disadvantage operates depending on the gender structure of parent-child dyads. The present study uses Swedish register data and longitudinal methods that follow a cohort of people born in 1985 (n = 72,409) and their parents across 26 years. Our findings show that children who experienced parental employment disadvantages had the most severe labour market disadvantages later in life. However, if the employment situations of their parents improved, they were somewhat more likely to follow a more stable, high-wage career path compared to children whose parents experienced more persistent forms of disadvantage, such as long-term unemployment or severe labour market instability. We also show that the mother’s labour market disadvantages were an important determinant of the future labour market career of her child, regardless of gender. This finding underscores the need to go beyond the analysis of father-son dyads in intergenerational research.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Mynarska, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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Free to stay, free to leave : insights from Poland into the meaning of cohabitation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Demographic Research. - Rostock : Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. - 1435-9871. ; 31:36, s. 1107-1136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have shown that in Poland cohabitation is most of all a transitory step or a testing period before marriage. Polish law does not recognize this living arrangement and it has been portrayed as uncommitted and short-lived. However, few studies have investigated what cohabitation means for relationships, especially with respect to freedom.Objective: We explore how young people in Poland understand and evaluate freedom in cohabitation. We investigate how they view the role freedom plays in couple dynamics and in relationship development.Methods: We analyze data from focus group interviews conducted in Warsaw with men and women aged 25-40. We identify passages in which opinions on cohabitation and marriage are discussed, and use bottom-up coding and the constant comparative method to reconstruct different perspectives on the issue of freedom in cohabitation.Results: The respondents argued that cohabitation offers the partners freedom to leave a union at any time with few repercussions. On the negative side, the freedom related to cohabitation brings insecurity, especially for young mothers. On the positive side, it offers relaxed conditions for testing a relationship, grants partners independence, and encourages cohabitors to keep their relationship interesting, precisely because it is fragile and easy to dissolve.Conclusions: The open nature of cohabitation offers benefits to partners, but does not provide secure conditions for childbearing. As long as the couple is not planning to have children, however, the benefits of cohabitation are likely to be seen as outweighing the disadvantages.
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| 7. |
- Adolfsson, Maja, et al.
(författare)
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Temporary employment, employee representation, and employer-paid training : a comparative analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Sociological Review. - : Oxford University Press. - 0266-7215 .- 1468-2672. ; 38:5, s. 785-798
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the moderating role of employee representation on the chances of receiving employer-paid training among temporary and permanent workers from a cross-country, comparative perspective. The impact of employee representation is considered at the individual level and at the country level. The statistical analyses are performed using data from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey and multilevel modelling. Our results suggest that temporary workers receive less employer-paid training than permanent workers. Access to employee representation increases workers' access to employer-paid training, regardless of contract type. At the country level, we found that the training-related benefits from union coverage are larger for permanent than for temporary workers. Our findings suggest that employee representation in the workplace could operate as an equalizer between temporary and permanent workers; while at the country level, the lobbying effect of union coverage is more beneficial for permanent workers.
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| 8. |
- Adolfsson, Maja, et al.
(författare)
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Upward wage mobility of low-wage workers : The role of trade unions
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- While previous studies have demonstrated the disadvantages of workers who get stuck in low-wage employment, more knowledge is needed about the institutions that facilitate getting better-paid jobs. This paper examines the role of trade unions, taking a cross-country comparative perspective. It uses data on 29 European countries from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions and multilevel modelling techniques. The results suggest that stronger trade unions improve chances for upward wage mobility among low-wage workers. We also find differential effects across population subgroups, with larger benefits among better educated employees and workers in the prime-age.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Do consequences of parental job displacement for infant health vary across local economic contexts?
- 2024
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Ingår i: RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences. - New York : Russell Sage Foundation. - 2377-8253 .- 2377-8261. ; 10:1, s. 57-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the consequences of parental job displacement for birth outcomes and investigates how the effects vary with regional unemployment rates. We use Swedish register data and exploit plausibly exogenous variation caused by workplace closure to reduce the bias related to reverse causality and confounding. The differences in birth outcomes between children of parents who experienced job displacement and children of parents who were not displaced turn out to be quite modest. Even in the most disadvantaged regions, with the highest unemployment rates, parental job displacement is not harmful for health at birth. We relate these findings to the institutional setting in Sweden and discuss policy implications for the United States.
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| 11. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Does the number of siblings affect health in midlife? : Evidence from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register
- 2016
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Ingår i: Demographic Research. - Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. - 1435-9871. ; 35, s. 1259-1302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In many societies, growing up in a large family is associated with receiving less parental time, attention, and financial support. As a result, children with a large number of siblings may have worse physical and mental health outcomes than children with fewer siblings.Objective: Our objective is to examine the long-term causal effects of sibship size on physical and mental health in modern Sweden.Methods: We employ longitudinal data covering the entire Swedish population from the Multigenerational Register and the Medical Birth Register. This data includes information on family size and on potential confounders such as parental background. We use the Prescribed Drug Register to identify the medicines that have been prescribed and dispensed. We use instrumental variable models with multiple births as instruments to examine the causal effects of family size on the health outcomes of children, as measured by receiving medicines at age 45.Results: Our results indicate that in Sweden, growing up in a large family does not have a detrimental effect on physical and mental health in midlife.Contribution: We provide a systematic overview of the health-related implications of growing up in a large family. We adopt a research design that gives us the opportunity to make causal inferences about the long-term effects of family size. Moreover, our paper provides evidence on the links between family size and health outcomes in the context of a developed country that implements policies oriented towards reducing social inequalities in health and other living conditions.
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| 12. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of parental job loss on children’s mental health : the role of latency, timing and cumulative effects
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Crossover effects of critical life events within families have received growing attention in life-courseresearch. A parent losing a job is among the most distressing events that can befall a family, butexisting research has reached discrepant conclusions concerning if, and if so how, this affects childmental health. Drawing on insights from models of intra-family influence and life courseepidemiological models, we ask if parental job loss have latent or long-term effects on child mentalhealth, if the effects are conditional on the timing of the job loss, and if repeated job losses havecumulative effects.We use intergenerationally linked Swedish register data combined with entropy balance andstructural nested mean models for the analyses. The data allow us to track 400,000 children over 14years and thereby test different life-course models of crossover effects. We identify involuntary joblosses using information on workplace closures, thus reducing the risk of confounding.Results show that paternal but not maternal job loss significantly increases the risk of mental healthproblems among children, that the average effects are modest in size (less than 4% in relativeterms), that they materialize only after some years, and that they are driven by children aged 6-10years. Moreover, we find evidence of cumulative effects, but also of declining marginal harm ofadditional job losses over the life course.
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| 13. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Escaping from low-wage employment : the role of co-worker networks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility. - : Elsevier. - 0276-5624 .- 1878-5654. ; 83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-wage jobs are often regarded as dead-ends in the labour market careers of young people. Previous research focused on disentangling to what degree the association between a low-wage job at the start of working life and limited chances of transitioning to better-paid employment is causal or spurious. Less attention has been paid to the channels that may facilitate the upward wage mobility of low-wage workers. We focus on such mechanisms, and we scrutinize the impact of social ties to higher-educated co-workers. Due to knowledge spillovers, job referrals, as well as firm-level productivity gains, having higher-educated co-workers may improve an individual's chances of transitioning to a better-paid job. We use linked employer-employee data from longitudinal Swedish registers and panel data models that incorporate measures of low-wage workers' social ties to higher-educated co-workers. Our results confirm that having social ties to higher-educated co-workers increases individual chances of transitioning to better-paid employment.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Number of Children and Social Contacts among Older People : the Moderating Role of Filial Norms and Social Policies
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Ageing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1613-9372 .- 1613-9380. ; 16, s. 95-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social contacts offer opportunities for provision of emotional and instrumental support that enhance well-being throughout the life course, and the importance of these contacts is especially evident at advanced ages. In this paper, we take a cross-country comparative perspective to examine the association between the number of children and the frequency of social contacts among older people. Using data from the European Quality of Life Survey, we employ multilevel models with cross-level interactions between the number of children and macro-level indicators of filial norms and social policies supporting older people. Our results suggest that older adults with children are more likely than older adults without children to have frequent social interactions, but that the number of children does not affect social contact frequency. The magnitude of the association between having children and social contact frequency varies across European societies. The social contact frequency gap between older adults with children and older adults without children is larger in more familialistic countries with strong filial norms. Our results do not confirm that having children affects social contact frequency less in countries where the state provides more support for older people.
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| 17. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Parental unemployment and adolescent wellbeing : The moderating role of educational policies
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Crossover effects of parental unemployment on wellbeing of children attract growing attention in research on social inequalities. Recent economic crises call for identifying policies that mitigate the adverse effects of unemployment. Building on the theoretical insights from Capability Approach, we examine the relationship between parental unemployment and wellbeing of adolescents across countries with different educational policies. We use multilevel modelling and microdata on economic and subjective wellbeing of household members from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). We combine microdata on 45,992 adolescents in 32 countries with macro-level indicators of educational policies.We find that parental unemployment is associated with lower adolescent wellbeing, but the magnitude of this association varies depending on access to financial support for participation in education. Adolescents who receive educational allowances and who live in countries with broader access to such support are less harmed by parental unemployment.
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| 18. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Parental unemployment and adolescents' subjective wellbeing : the moderating role of educational policies
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Sociological Review. - : Oxford University Press. - 0266-7215 .- 1468-2672. ; 40:2, s. 276-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crossover effects of parental unemployment on subjective wellbeing of children attract growing attention in research on social inequalities. Recent economic crises call for identifying policies that mitigate the adverse effects of unemployment. Building on the theoretical insights from Capability Approach, we examine the relationship between parental unemployment and subjective wellbeing of adolescents across countries with different educational policies. We use multilevel modelling and data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). We combine microdata on 45,992 adolescents in 32 countries with macro-level indicators of educational policies. We find that parental unemployment is associated with lower subjective wellbeing among adolescents, but the magnitude of this association varies depending on access to financial support for participation in education. Adolescents who receive educational allowances and who live in countries with broader access to such support are less harmed by parental unemployment.
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| 19. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-
(författare)
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Praca dla absolwenta : trudno znaleźć, łatwo stracić?
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kierunki biznesowe zapewniają szanse zawodowe porównywalne do uczelni technicznych; Osoby młode poszukujące pracy znajdują zatrudnienie częściej niż osoby w wieku dojrzałym; W przypadku zwolnień, w pierwszej kolejności redukowane są stanowiska pracy młodych pracowników; • Młode osoby częściej znajdują zatrudnienie w małych firmach oraz w sektorze usług. Taka struktura zatrudnienia wpływa na niską stabilność zatrudnienia w tej grupie społecznej; Sektor publiczny znacznie silniej chroni przed utratą pracy osoby w wieku dojrzałym niż młodych pracowników
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| 20. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Preterm birth and educational disadvantage : heterogeneous effects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Routledge. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 77:3, s. 459-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in advanced economies, evidence about the consequences of prematurity in later life is limited. Using Swedish registers for cohorts born 1982–94 (N = 1,087,750), we examine the effects of preterm birth on school grades at age 16 using sibling fixed effects models. We further examine how school grades are affected by degree of prematurity and the compensating roles of family socio-economic resources and characteristics of school districts. Our results show that the negative effects of preterm birth are observed mostly among children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks); children born moderately preterm (32–<37 weeks) suffer no ill effects. We do not find any evidence for a moderating effect of parental socio-economic resources. Children born extremely preterm and in the top decile of school districts achieve as good grades as children born at full term in an average school district.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of number of siblings on adult mortality : Evidence from Swedish registers for cohorts born between 1938 and 1972
- 2017
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Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 71:1, s. 43-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Demographic research has paid much attention to the impact of childhood conditions on adult mortality. We focus on one of the key aspects of early life conditions, sibling group size, and examine the causal effect of growing up in a large family on mortality. While previous studies have focused on low- or middle-income countries, we examine whether growing up in a large family is a disadvantage in Sweden, a context where most parents have adequate resources, which are complemented by a generous welfare state. We used Swedish register data and frailty models, examining all-cause and cause-specific mortality between the ages of 40 and 74 for the 1938–72 cohorts, and also a quasi-experimental approach that exploited multiple births as a source of exogenous variation in the number of siblings. Overall our results do not indicate that growing up in a large family has a detrimental effect on longevity in Sweden.
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| 23. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-
(författare)
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The impact of the parental division of paid labour on depressive symptoms – the moderating role of social policies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Sociologica. - : Sage Publications. - 0001-6993 .- 1502-3869. ; 65:3, s. 275-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the association between the parental division of paid labour and depressive symptoms in a comparative perspective. It investigates how this relationship varies across couples in countries with different social policies using data from European Social Survey, and multilevel models with cross-level interactions between the parental division of paid labour and macro-level indicators of social policies.The results indicate that dual-earner couples report fewer depressive symptoms than parentsin other types of families. This relative advantage of dual-earner couples varies across policycontexts. The benefits of a dual-earner model over a male breadwinner model are larger incountries where childcare services are easily available and do not disappear in countries withgenerous financial support from the state. Additional analyses reveal how these relationshipsdiffer across gender.
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| 24. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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When things go wrong with you, it hurts me too : The effects of partner’s employment status on health in comparative perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of European Social Policy. - : Sage Publications. - 0958-9287 .- 1461-7269. ; 31:2, s. 143-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of changes in employment status on health within couples have attracted increasing attention. This paper contributes to this emerging research by investigating whether the impact of a partner’s employment status on individual self-rated health varies systematically across countries with varying decommodification levels. We use longitudinal data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and hybrid models. We find that a change in an individual’s employment status may affect the health not just of the person who experiences this transition, but that of his or her partner. The likelihood that such a spillover will occur varies across countries with different decommodification levels. The negative effects of a partner’s employment status on self-rated health are observed when the generosity of welfare state support is limited. The moderating effects of financial support from the state are not very strong, though. They are not robust across all our models and do not extend to all the dimensions of the generosity of welfare state support.
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| 25. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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When things go wrong with you, it hurts me too : The effects of partner’s employment status on health in comparative perspective
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The effects of changes in employment status on health within couples have attracted increasing attention. This paper contributes to this emerging research by investigating whether the impact of a partner’s employment status on individual self-rated health varies systematically across countries with varying decommodification levels.We use longitudinal data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and hybrid models. We find that a change in an individual’s employment status may affect the health not just of the person who experiences this transition, but of his or her partner. The likelihood that such a spillover will occur varies across countries with different decommodification levels. The negative effects of a partner’s employment status on self-rated health are observed when the generosity of welfare state support is limited. The moderating effects of financial support from the state are not very strong, though, they are not robust across all our models and do not extend to all the dimensions of the generosity of welfare state support.
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| 26. |
- Barclay, Kieron, et al.
(författare)
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Interpregnancy intervals and perinatal and child health in Sweden : A comparison within families and across social groups
- 2020
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Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Routledge. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 74:3, s. 363-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large body of research has shown that children born after especially short or long birth intervals experience an elevated risk of poor perinatal outcomes, but recent work suggests this may be explained by confounding by unobserved family characteristics. We use Swedish population data on cohorts born 1981–2010 and sibling fixed effects to examine whether the length of the birth interval preceding the index child influences the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and hospitalization during childhood. We also present analyses stratified by salient social characteristics, such as maternal educational level and maternal country of birth. We find few effects of birth intervals on our outcomes, except for very short intervals (less than seven months) and very long intervals (>60 months). We find few differences in the patterns by maternal educational level or maternal country of origin after stratifying by the mother’s highest educational attainment.
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| 27. |
- Elekes, Zoltán, et al.
(författare)
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Regional diversification and labour market upgrading : local access to skill-related high-income jobs helps workers escaping low-wage employment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 1752-1378 .- 1752-1386. ; 16:3, s. 417-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates how the evolution of local labour market structure enables or constrains workers as regards escaping low-wage jobs. Drawing on the network-based approach of evolutionary economic geography, we employ a detailed individual-level panel dataset to construct skill-relatedness networks for 72 functional labour market regions in Sweden. Subsequent fixed-effect panel regressions indicate that increasing density of skill-related high-income jobs within a region is conducive to low-wage workers moving to better-paid jobs, hence facilitating labour market upgrading through diversification. While metropolitan regions offer a premium for this relationship, it also holds for smaller regions, and across various worker characteristics.
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| 28. |
- Gousia, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of unemployment and non-standard forms of employment on the housing autonomy of young adults
- 2021
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Ingår i: Work, Employment and Society. - : Sage Publications. - 0950-0170 .- 1469-8722. ; 35:1, s. 157-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young people are facing challenges in transitioning to housing autonomy because of changes in labour market conditions in recent years. This article explores the effects of youth unemployment and non-standard employment on the likelihood of leaving the parental home. We adopt a dynamic modelling approach, and use data from a large longitudinal British survey covering the years 2009-2014. We find that unemployment and part-time work, but not the duration of the contract, have a negative effect on the likelihood of obtaining housing autonomy. We also find that past as well as anticipated unemployment have significant negative effects, which suggests that the decision about whether to move out depends on the individual’s longer-term labour market trajectory. The analysis also reveals gender differences in part-time work, but not in unemployment once we take into account unobserved time-invariant heterogeneity.
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| 29. |
- Gumà-Lao, Jordi, et al.
(författare)
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Don’t worry, (s)he’s an adult! : Adult children’s unemployment and parental depressive symptoms
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: This paper provides the first comprehensive evidence on the effects of adult children’s unemploymenton parental mental health in Europe, exploring the potential moderators related to parents’ and children’s genderas well as the number and birth order of children’s siblings.Background: The spillover–crossover model contextualizes the impact of experiences related to working life onthe health and wellbeing of family members. Parents’ and children’s gender is considered as potential moderatorbased on theories on gendered differences in how adverse life course events of significant others affect mentalhealth. Additionally, demographic theories point to the number and order of children determining parentalinvestments in offspring as well as parental expectations toward children’s achievements.Method: We apply general structural equation modeling to data from the sixth wave of the Survey of Health,Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).Results: Our results confirm the negative association between adult children’s unemployment and their parents’mental health. These crossover effects are found to be similar according to gender and also child birth order.Conclusion: The intergenerational influence of adult children’s employment on their older parents is confirmed.However, our findings also challenge theoretical ideas suggesting that negative labor market experiences ofdaughters or firstborn children might be more detrimental for parents than those of other children.
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| 30. |
- Högberg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Ageing, health inequalities and the welfare state : a multilevel analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of European Social Policy. - London : Sage Publications. - 0958-9287 .- 1461-7269. ; 28:4, s. 311-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparative studies of health inequalities have largely neglected age and ageing aspects, while ageing research has often paid little attention to questions of social inequalities. This article investigates cross-country differences in gradients in self-rated health and limiting long-standing illness (LLSI) in middle-aged and in older people (aged 50–64 and 65–80 years) linked to social class, and degrees to which the social health gradients are associated with minimum pension levels and expenditure on elderly care. For these purposes, data from the European Social Survey (2002–2010) are analysed using multilevel regression techniques. We find significant cross-level interaction effects between class and welfare policies: higher expenditure on elderly care and particularly more generous minimum pensions are associated with smaller health inequalities in the older age group (65–80 years). It is concluded that welfare policies moderate the association between social class and health, highlighting the importance of welfare state efforts for older persons, who are strongly reliant on the welfare state and welfare state arrangements such as pensions and care policies.
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| 31. |
- Högberg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of parental job loss on psychotropic drug use in children : long-term effects, timing, and cumulative exposure
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advances in Life Course Research. - : Elsevier. - 1569-4909 .- 1879-6974. ; 60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intra-family crossover effects triggered by job losses have received growing attention across scientific disciplines, but existing research has reached discrepant conclusions concerning if, and if so how, parental job losses affect child mental health. Drawing on sociological models of stress and life course epidemiology, we ask if parental job losses have long-term effects on child mental health, and if these effects are conditional on the timing of, or the cumulative exposure to, job losses. We use intergenerationally linked Swedish register data combined with entropy balance and structural nested mean models for the analyses. The data allow us to track 400,000 children over 14 years and thereby test different life-course models of cross-over effects. We identify involuntary job losses using information on workplace closures, thus reducing the risk of confounding. Results show that paternal but not maternal job loss significantly increases the risk of psychotropic drug use among children, that the average effects are modest in size (less than 4% in relative terms), that they may persist for up to five years, and that they are driven by children aged 6–10 years. Moreover, cumulative exposure to multiple job losses are more harmful than zero or one job loss.
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| 32. |
- Högberg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Intergenerational effects of parental unemployment on infant health : evidence from Swedish register data
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Parental unemployment can have detrimental effects on life chances of the children, and thus reinforce inequalities across generations. Despite a substantial literature documenting that the health of infants at birth can have large and long-lasting consequences, research on intergenerational unemployment effects on infant health is scant. This study fills the gap using high-quality register data from Sweden, including 1.3 million siblings born between 1996 and 2017. To account for selection into unemployment, we employ sibling comparison designs that exploit variation in siblings’ exposure to parental unemployment, thereby accounting for stable but unmeasured confounding at the level of families.We find small, although statistically significant effects of maternal unemployment and no effects of paternal unemployment. Our results also suggest that pre-existing social disadvantage – low education, migration background, dual parent unemployment – are not associated with more adverse intergenerational unemployment effects. The discussion of our findings situates these results in the context of a relatively generous and egalitarian welfare state.
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| 33. |
- Högberg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Intergenerational effects of parental unemployment on infant health : evidence from Swedish register data
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Sociological Review. - : Oxford University Press. - 0266-7215 .- 1468-2672. ; 40:1, s. 41-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parental unemployment can have detrimental effects on life chances of the children, and thereby reinforce inequalities across generations. Despite a substantial literature documenting that the health of infants at birth can have large and long-lasting consequences, research on intergenerational unemployment effects on infant health is scant. This study fills the gap using high-quality register data from Sweden, including 1.5 million siblings born between 1996 and 2017. To account for selection into unemployment, we employ sibling comparison designs that exploit variation in siblings’ exposure to parental unemployment, thereby accounting for stable but unmeasured confounding at the level of families. We find small and not consistently significant effects of maternal unemployment, and no effects of paternal unemployment. Our results also suggest that pre-existing social disadvantages - low education, migration background, and dual parental unemployment -are not associated with more adverse intergenerational unemployment effects. The discussion of our findings situates these results in the context of a relatively generous and egalitarian welfare state.
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| 34. |
- Högberg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Transitions from temporary employment to permanent employment among young adults : The role of labour law and education systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Sociology. - : Sage Publications. - 1440-7833 .- 1741-2978. ; 55:4, s. 689-707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temporary work is common across Europe, especially among young people. Whether temporary employment is a transitory stage on the road to standard employment, and whether this varies depending on institutional contexts, is controversial. This article investigates variability in transition rates from temporary to permanent employment across Europe, and how this is related to employment protection legislation (EPL) and the vocational specificity of education systems. We utilize harmonized panel data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, covering 18 European countries and including 34,088 temporary workers aged 18–30. The results show that stricter EPL is associated with lower rates of transitions to permanent employment, while partial deregulation, with strict EPL for permanent contracts but weaker EPL for temporary contracts, is associated with higher transition rates. Vocationally specific education systems have higher transition rates, on average. Moreover, the role of EPL is conditional on the degree of vocational specificity.
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| 35. |
- Högberg, Björn, 1988-
(författare)
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Vulnerability and inequalities in health and wellbeing : the role of social policy
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to investigate the moderating role of social policies for the association between vulnerable social positions and health and wellbeing. Vulnerable social positions are identified in relation to age-related transition points in to or out of the labour market. Specifically, the focal groups are young adults, on the route to establish themselves in the labour market, and older persons, having just left the labour market, and inequalities by labour market status, class, or gender within these age groups. The thesis moreover aims to contribute to the theoretical development of the comparative health literature, by developing and implementing a theoretical framework for analyzing the role of social policy for the health and wellbeing of vulnerable groups.Data and methods: The aim is addressed through a cross-country comparative approach, by fitting multilevel regression models on harmonized individual level data from the European Social Survey. Specifically, cross-level interactions between social position and social policies are estimated, with self-reported general health and psychological wellbeing as outcomes. The focal social policies are pension systems and elderly care policies, as well as education policies.Results and conclusions: Overall, the empirical results showed that public investment in, and public organization of, elderly care was associated with smaller health inequalities by both social class and gender, and that redistributive minimum pensions were associated with smaller inequalities by social class, while more status-maintaining standard pensions were associated with larger gender-based inequalities. Regarding the role of education policies, the analyses showed that inclusive policies – specifically low degree of tracking, generous second chance opportunities, low out-of-pocket costs for, and a larger supply of, education – were associated with smaller inequalities by both social background and employment status. The overall conclusion of the thesis is that redistributive social policies, which distribute essential resources to vulnerable groups, have the potential to reduce inequalities in health and wellbeing between vulnerable and more advantaged groups.
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| 36. |
- Kalucza, Sara, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Labor market trajectories of teenage mothers- and fathers : a sibling comparison study
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Teenage parenthood is thought to have long term consequences for the life trajectory of young parents, with the responsibilities of small children restricting the time available to parents to invest in education and establish social networks at this crucial life course stage. It also results in normative tensions, with childbearing happening “out of order” with respect to other keymarkers of the transition to adulthood. In this study, we take a multi-dimensional approach to the idea of the labor market consequences of teenage parenthood, following young men and women across their first decade on the labor market in Sweden, to investigate if becoming a teenage parent is associated with different and more disadvantaged labor market pathways than for their siblings. Using sequence analysis and sibling models with Swedish register data, our results illustrate that while most teenage parents follow labor market trajectories that are not characterized by entrenched disadvantage, teenage parenthood represents an increased risk of disruption of the labor market career, mainly by delaying the entry of employment linked to decent earnings. The difficulties faced upon early childbearing are even more evident among women, who face much higher risk of entrenched patterns of sustained low wage employment or patterns of long-term labor market exclusion.
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| 37. |
- Kalucza, Sara, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Not all the same : Swedish teenage mothers' and fathers' selection into disparate early family formation trajectories
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advances in Life Course Research. - : Elsevier. - 1040-2608. ; 44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has focused on teenage parenthood as a single outcome, and has overlooked the wider family formation trajectory in which it is situated. In this paper, using Swedish register data and sequence analysis tools, we explore the diversity in timing and ordering of childbearing and (re)partnering events among teenage parents. We identify trajectory clusters of traditional family patterns, modern family patterns, single parenthood and re-partnering patterns. We also examine the role of resources in the family of origin for the probability of following the different types of family formation trajectories among teenage parents. Where economic resources in the family of origin is related to the type of trajectory teenage fathers follow, family structure is of greater importance for teenage mothers. The family formation trajectories of teenage parents display substantial heterogeneity, which contradicts a view that a person who has a child early in life suddenly has their life's script written.
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| 38. |
- Metsä-Simola, Niina, et al.
(författare)
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Grandparental support and maternal depression : Do grandparents’ characteristics matter more for separating mothers?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Routledge. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grandparental support may protect mothers from depression, particularly mothers who separate and enter single parenthood. Using longitudinal Finnish register data on 116,917 separating and 371,703 non-separating mothers with young children, we examined differences in mothers’ antidepressant purchases by grandparental characteristics related to provision of support. Grandparents’ younger age (<70 years), employment, and lack of severe health problems predicted a lower probability of maternal depression. Depression was also less common if grandparents lived close to the mother and if the maternal grandparents’ union was intact. Differences in maternal depression by grandparental characteristics were larger among separating than among non-separating mothers, particularly during the years before separation. Overall, maternal grandmothers’ characteristics appeared to matter most, while the role of paternal grandparents was smaller. The findings suggest that grandparental characteristics associated with increased potential for providing support and decreased need of receiving support predict a lower likelihood of maternal depression, particularly among separating mothers.
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| 39. |
- Scheuring, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Does Fixed-Term Employment Have Spillover Effects on the Well-Being of Partners? : A Panel Data Analysis for East and West Germany
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Happiness Studies. - : Springer. - 1389-4978 .- 1573-7780. ; 22:7, s. 3001-3021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper answers three research questions: What is the impact of fixed-term employment on the well-being of partners? How do these spillover effects differ by gender, and do gender differences depend on socialization in East or West Germany? Do individual well-being, perceived job insecurity, and financial worries mediate the spillover effects? We use longitudinal data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), 1995–2017, and a sample of heterosexual couples living together, to estimate fixed-effects panel regression models. In contrast to previous studies, we consider asymmetric effects of entering and leaving fixed-term contracts by focusing on transitions from unemployment into fixed-term and fixed-term into permanent jobs. Confirming previous research on spillover effects of unemployment, we find that fixed-term re-employment increases partners’ well-being and that these effects are larger in case of re-employment by men and partners’ socialization in West Germany. We also show that transitions from fixed-term to permanent jobs do not substantially increase the well-being of partners with little differences by gender and place of socialization. While the spillover effect of re-employment is mediated by changes in the well-being of the individual re-entering the labor market, changes in job insecurity and financial worries due to transitions from fixed-term to permanent jobs are too small to produce meaningful effects on well-being. Although fixed-term contracts have been referred to as a new source of inequality, our results show that they cause little difference in the well-being of individuals and their partners and that finding a job matters more than the type of contract.
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| 40. |
- Vega, Alejandro, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of involuntary job losses on depressive symptoms among couples
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The way job loss affects mental health within couples attracts increasing attention. While previous studies focused on the working-age population, this paper investigates how job loss affects spouses’ depressive symptoms in later life. We focus on spouses aged 50 or older, who represent a vulnerable segment of the labor market, and who also have a high prevalence of depressive symptoms. We use data from the Health and Retirement Study, which provides longitudinal information about changes in labor market status and mental health outcomes among respondents and their spouses in the United States. To deal with potential reverse causality problems, we utilize data on job loss resulting from business closures. We find that job loss may affect the levels of depressive symptoms among the spouses of older adults who experience these adverse life course events. The effects are gendered, as women are negatively affected by job losses experienced by their husbands, but we do not observe such harmful effects among men whose wives lose their jobs. We also show how the effects of job loss vary across couples with differing levels of economic resources and health care needs, as well as differential access to health care.
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| 41. |
- Voßemer, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Partner’s unemployment and subjective well-being : the mediating role of relationship functioning
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advances in Life Course Research. - : Elsevier. - 1569-4909. ; 60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unemployment affects not only the subjective well-being of the individual, but also that of the partner. Based on the life course perspective and the spillover-crossover-model, we examine the mediating role of relationship functioning for such crossover effects of partner’s unemployment on subjective well-being. We also test whether gender differences in the mechanism of relationship functioning can explain the larger overall crossover effects on women compared to men. We use data from the German Family Panel pairfam (2008/09-2018/19), which provide more direct and comprehensive measures of relationship functioning than previous research, and allow us to examine couples’ communication and interactions, their conflict styles and behaviors, relationship satisfaction, and perceived relationship instability as mediators. To analyze the impact of the partner’s transition to unemployment on subjective well-being, we use fixed effects panel regression models and the product method of mediation analysis to estimate the indirect effects of relationship functioning. The results show that a partner’s transition to unemployment has a negative impact on one’s own well-being. The effects are more pronounced for women than men which can be partly explained by gender-specific effects of the partner’s unemployment on various aspects of relationship functioning, rather than by differential effects of the latter on one’s own well-being.
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