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- Barquet, Karina, et al.
(författare)
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Peace Parks : Nation Branding and Soft Power in Costa Rica
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Ecolaboratory. - : University of Arizona Press. - 9780816540112
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we first discuss how political ecology can provide an important and critical lens to understanding nation branding. The following chapter first traces the origins of what we refer to as the “Blue (peaceful)— Green (environmental)” nation-branding project in Costa Rica. We then analyse the historical events that have come to shape such an identity. Finally, we reflect upon the expansion of the nation-branding project through the establishment of the Si-A-Paz Peace Park. This analysis is based on four months of field research carried out in Si-A-Paz in 2011 and 2012, complemented with more recent secondary sources.
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| 4. |
- Callesen, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Recycling Nutrients and Reducing Carbon Emissions in the Baltic Sea Region—Sustainable or Economically Infeasible?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Management. - : Springer. - 0364-152X .- 1432-1009. ; 69:1, s. 213-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecotechnologies have the potential to reduce the use of finite resources while providing a variety of co-benefits to society, though they often lack in market competitiveness. In this study, we investigate the sustainability of ecotechnologies for recovering carbon and nutrients, and demonstrate how a so-called “bottom-up” approach can serve as a decision-making instrument. Based on three case study catchments with a focus on domestic wastewater in Sweden and Poland, and on manure, grass and blackwater substrates in Finland, we apply a cost–benefit analysis (CBA) on system alternatives derived from a participatory process. After drawing on an initial systematic mapping of relevant ecotechnologies, the scope of the CBA is determined by stakeholder suggestions, namely in terms of the considered assessment criteria, the physical impacts and the utilised data. Thus, this CBA is rooted in a localised consideration of ecotechnologies rather than a centralised governmental approach to systems boundaries. The key advantage of applying such a bottom-up approach is that it has gone through a robust participatory selection process by local stakeholders, which provides more legitimacy to the decisions reached compared with traditional feasibility studies. Despite considering the revenues of the recovered products as well as the provision of the non-market goods CO2 mitigation and reduced eutrophication, findings from this study indicate that the benefits of the considered ecotechnologies are often outweighed by their costs. Only anaerobic digestion of agricultural wastes appears to be economically feasible under the current conditions, highlighting that further efforts and incentives may be required to mainstream ecotechnologies. © 2021, The Author(s),
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- Ekane, Nelson, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Resources and Risks : Perceptions on the Application of Sewage Sludge on Agricultural Land in Sweden, a Case Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2571-581X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To spread or not to spread sewage sludge on agricultural land in Sweden remains the subject of a highly polarized debate among different stakeholders in the Swedish agricultural sector. This article presents insights on how stakeholders in Sweden see and explain the potentials and safety of spreading sewage sludge on agricultural land. This is done by drawing on risk perception literature and qualitative research methods. The findings reveal that fear of contamination and feeling of disgust are major deterrents of the use of sludge as an agricultural input. These are partly explained by unknowns and unfamiliarity about risks of unwanted substances in sludge. The study shows that while actors engaged in the practice amplify benefits of sludge as a resource and reiterate the need for emphasis on upstream measures including improved risk management systems, actors in charge of controlling toxins in society amplify actual and potential risks, highlight gaps in monitoring and minimizing risks, and would rather have a complete ban on the practice. This study highlights the complex combination of technical, environmental, socio-economic, psychological, and political factors influencing judgment and decision-making regarding sludge and its use as fertilizer in agriculture and concludes that the clash between facts and feelings which epitomizes the Swedish sludge debate may have implications for public trust and effective risk communication. As contribution to the Swedish sewage sludge debate, this study emphasizes that the benefits of sludge in agriculture is important but not enough to drive the practice to scale. It is even more important to improve understanding on the controllability and severity of risks in short and long-term.
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| 6. |
- Kan, Jung-Ching, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting agricultural drought indicators : ML approaches across wide-ranging climate and land use conditions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural drought can severely reduce crop yields, lead to large economic losses and health impacts. Combined climate and land use variations determine key indicators of agricultural drought, including soil moisture and the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI). This study investigated the use of machine learning (ML) methods for predicting these indicators over Sweden, spanning steep climate and land use gradients. Three data arrangement methods (multi-features, temporal, and spatial) were used and compared in combination with seven ML/deep learning (DL) models (random forest (RF), decision tree, multivariate linear regression, support vector regression, autoregressive integrated moving average (AMIRA), artificial neural network, and convolutional neural network). Seven investigated features, obtained from Google Earth Engine, were used in the ML/DL modeling (soil moisture, PDSI, precipitation, evapotranspiration, elevation, slope and soil texture). The temporal ARIMA model (found most suitable for local scale prediction) and the multi-features RF model (more suitable for national-scale prediction) emerged as best performing for soil moisture prediction (with MAE of 9.1 and 11.95, and R2 of 0.79 and 0.59, respectively). All models generally performed better in predicting the soil moisture than the PDSI indicator of drought. For drought indicator prediction and mapping, previous-year average monthly soil moisture emerged as the most important feature, combined with the four additional corresponding features of PDSI, precipitation, evapotranspiration and elevation.
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| 7. |
- Muthukumaran, Gowtham, et al.
(författare)
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Decentralized solutions for island states: Enhancing energy resilience through renewable technologies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy Strategy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-467X .- 2211-4688. ; 54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decentralized grid solutions could be a feasible alternative to improve resilience and mitigate cascading effects in island states. Our study explores approaches that reduce the risk of infrastructure failures and promote decentralized utility planning in islands. A novel framework is proposed to conduct a power system resilience assessment by integrating vulnerability assessments and energy system modelling approaches through network analysis. The framework is applied to an island context, where vulnerability to hydroclimatic hazards, geographic isolation, restricted access to energy sources, small population bases inadequate for substantial infrastructure investments, dependence on imported energy, lack of energy source diversification, and fragile ecosystems have exacerbated energy insecurity. As a case study, we have applied the framework to Cuba. We simulate disruptions in vulnerable network nodes in Cuba to determine the municipalities that are most impacted by the simulated cascading failures. We designed and optimized the lowest cost decentralized solutions to increase resilience either by acting as the baseload electricity source or as a complementary backup system to complement in case of a power outage. Then, the resilience of the designed system was assessed using power system resilience metrics. The study results show Regla municipality in Cuba as the most vulnerable hotspot for electricity distribution. Upon the different system comparisons, ancillary systems outperform backup systems in enhancing power system resilience, especially in the context of a disruptive event, supplying up to 53 MWh/day more, although they have higher investment costs. Based on this research, resource planners and policymakers can understand vulnerable node points and prioritize the necessary investments for the preferred system choice to alleviate impacts of energy insecurity on the Island States.
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| 8. |
- Rhinard, Mark, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding variation in national climate change adaptation : Securitization in focus
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning C. - 2399-6544 .- 2399-6552.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is recognized today not just as a pressing and prominent issue on government agendas but also one that has been increasingly ‘securitized’ in a variety of national and global settings. We know little, however, if climate change adaptation, as a subset of climate action, has followed a similarly securitized path. This article addresses that question, exploring not only if climate change adaptation has been securitized but also what type of securitization – threat-oriented or risk-oriented – has emerged. Turning our empirical focus to three national settings of Norway, Sweden, and The Netherlands, we look for signs of securitization as well as whether securitization has been facilitated, shaped, or even blocked by existing governance features in each setting. We use this study to link the securitization literature with environmental governance approaches by building a novel analytical framework. Our findings show some intriguing and unexpected patterns, including evidence of risk-oriented securitization couched nevertheless as ‘business as usual’. We contribute to the growing debate on securitization in environmental governance while also casting new light on national climate change adaptation processes.
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| 9. |
- Rosemarin, Arno S., et al.
(författare)
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Circular nutrient solutions for agriculture and wastewater : a review of technologies and practices
- 2020
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1877-3435 .- 1877-3443. ; 45, s. 78-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarizes key findings from a series of systematic reviews and comprehensive efforts to collate evidence and expert opinions on circular solutions for recovery and reuse of nutrients and carbon from different waste streams in the agriculture and wastewater sectors. We identify established and emerging approaches for transformation towards a more circular nutrient economy with relevance to SDGs 6 and 14. The paper cites the example of the Baltic Sea Region which has experienced decades of fertilizer overuse (1950s–1990s) and concomitant urban sources of excessive nutrients. Regulations and incentive policies combining the nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon cycles are necessary if circular nutrient technologies and practices are to be scaled up. Pricing chemical fertilizer at levels to reflect society's call for circularity is a central challenge.
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| 11. |
- Wehn, Uta, et al.
(författare)
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Co-creating a sustainable blue economy for Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Open Access Government. ; October 2023, s. 408-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wehn, Linders and Barquet explain how the MISTRA C2B2 programme is working to bring about transformative change in participatory ocean governance in Sweden.
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