| 1. |
- Alveteg, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
-
Incorporating nutrient content elasticity in the MAKEDEP model
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Forestry inTemperate Regions - Proceedings from the SUFOR International Workshop, April 7-9, 2002 (Reports in Ecology and Environmental Engineering ). - 1104-2877. ; 2002:1, s. 52-67
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MAKEDEP model is designed to produce the time series of atmospheric deposition and nutrient uptake and cycling needed by dynamic soil chemistry models such as SAFE. A range of new features were implemented in the MAKEDEP model including separate treatment of several tree compartments (e.g. root, stem, bark, branch, canopy) and variable nutrient content in the different compartments. The model is designed to produce output that can easily be used as input to the multi-layer soil chemistry model SAFE. The introduction of variable nutrient content calls for a separate treatment of biomass and stored nutrients and also affects the calibration procedure used in the MAKEDEP model
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Beaufils, Philipp, et al.
(författare)
-
Reprint of : Surgical management of degenerative meniscus lesions: The 2016 ESSKA meniscus consensus
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Sports Orthopaedics and Traumatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0949-328X. ; 33:3, s. 293-304
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: A degenerative meniscus lesion is a slowly developing process typically involving a horizontal cleavage in a middle-aged or older person. When the knee is symptomatic, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy has been practised for a long time with many case series reporting improved patient outcomes. Since 2002, several randomised clinical trials demonstrated no additional benefit of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy compared to nonoperative treatment, sham surgery or sham arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. These results introduced controversy in the medical community and made clinical decision-making challenging in the daily clinical practice. To facilitate the clinical decision-making process, a consensus was developed. This initiative was endorsed by ESSKA. Methods: A degenerative meniscus lesion was defined as a lesion occurring without any history of significant acute trauma in a patient older than 35 years. Congenital lesions, traumatic meniscus tears and degenerative lesions occurring in young patients, especially in athletes, were excluded. The project followed the so-called formal consensus process, involving a steering group, a rating group and a peer-review group. A total of 84 surgeons and scientists from 22 European countries were included in the process. Twenty questions, their associated answers and an algorithm based on extensive literature review and clinical expertise, were proposed. Each question and answer set was graded according to the scientific level of the corresponding literature. Results: The main finding was that arthroscopic partial meniscectomy should not be proposed as a first line oftreatment for degenerative meniscus lesions. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy should only be considered after a proper standardised clinical and radiological evaluation and when the response to non-operative management has not been satisfactory. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee is typically not indicated in the first-line work-up, but knee radiography should be used as an imaging tool to support a diagnosis of osteoarthritis or to detect certain rare pathologies, such as tumours or fractures of the knee. Discussion: The present work offers a clear framework for the management of degenerative meniscus lesions, with the aim to balance information extracted from the scientific evidence and clinical expertise. Because of biases and weaknesses of the current literature and lack of definition of important criteria such as mechanical symptoms, it cannot be considered as an exact treatment algorithm. It summarises the results of the "ESSKA Meniscus Consensus Project" (http://www.esska.org/education/projects) and is the first official European consensus on this topic. The consensus may be updated and refined as more high-quality evidence emerges. Level of evidence: I.
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| 4. |
- Beaufils, Ph, et al.
(författare)
-
Surgical management of degenerative meniscus lesions : The 2016 ESSKA meniscus consensus
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Joints. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 2282-4324 .- 2512-9090. ; 5:2, s. 59-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose A degenerative meniscus lesion is a slowly developing process typically involving a horizontal cleavage in a middle-aged or older person. When the knee is symptomatic, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy has been practised for a long time with many case series reporting improved patient outcomes. Since 2002, several randomised clinical trials demonstrated no additional benefit of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy compared to non-operative treatment, sham surgery or sham arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. These results introduced controversy in the medical community and made clinical decision-making challenging in the daily clinical practice. To facilitate the clinical decision-making process, a consensus was developed. This initiative was endorsed by ESSKA. Methods A degenerative meniscus lesion was defined as a lesion occurring without any history of significant acute trauma in a patient older than 35 years. Congenital lesions, traumatic meniscus tears and degenerative lesions occurring in young patients, especially in athletes, were excluded. The project followed the so-called formal consensus process, involving a steering group, a rating group and a peer-review group. A total of 84 surgeons and scientists from 22 European countries were included in the process. Twenty questions, their associated answers and an algorithm based on extensive literature review and clinical expertise, were proposed. Each question and answer set was graded according to the scientific level of the corresponding literature.Results The main finding was that arthroscopic partial meniscectomy should not be proposed as a first line of treatment for degenerative meniscus lesions. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy should only be considered after a proper standardised clinical and radiological evaluation and when the response to non-operative management has not been satisfactory. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee is typically not indicated in the first-line work-up, but knee radiography should be used as an imaging tool to support a diagnosis of osteoarthritis or to detect certain rare pathologies, such as tumours or fractures of the knee. Discussion The present work offers a clear framework for the management of degenerative meniscus lesions, with the aim to balance information extracted from the scientific evidence and clinical expertise. Because of biases and weaknesses of the current literature and lack of definition of important criteria such as mechanical symptoms, it cannot be considered as an exact treatment algorithm. It summarises the results of the “ESSKA Meniscus Consensus Project” (http://www.esska.org/education/projects) and is the first official European consensus on this topic. The consensus may be updated and refined as more high-quality evidence emerges. Level of Evidence I.
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| 5. |
- Beaufils, Ph, et al.
(författare)
-
Surgical management of degenerative meniscus lesions : The 2016 ESSKA meniscus consensus
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Arthroskopie. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7946 .- 1434-3924. ; 30:2, s. 128-137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: A degenerative meniscus lesion is a slowly developing process typically involving a horizontal cleavage in a middle-aged or older person. When the knee is symptomatic, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy has been practised for a long time with many case series reporting improved patient outcomes. Since 2002, several randomised clinical trials demonstrated no additional benefit of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy compared to non-operative treatment, sham surgery or sham arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. These results introduced controversy in the medical community and made clinical decision-making challenging in the daily clinical practice. To facilitate the clinical decision-making process, a consensus was developed. This initiative was endorsed by ESSKA. Methods: A degenerative meniscus lesion was defined as a lesion occurring without any history of significant acute trauma in a patient older than 35 years. Congenital lesions, traumatic meniscus tears and degenerative lesions occurring in young patients, especially in athletes, were excluded. The project followed the so-called formal consensus process. A total of 84 surgeons and scientists from 22 European countries were included in the process. Twenty questions, their associated answers and an algorithm based on extensive literature review and clinical expertise, were proposed. Each question and answer set was graded according to the scientific level of the corresponding literature. Results: The main finding was that arthroscopic partial meniscectomy should not be proposed as a first line of treatment for degenerative meniscus lesions. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy should only be considered after a proper standardised clinical and radiological evaluation and when the response to non-operative management has not been satisfactory. MRI of the knee is typically not indicated in the first-line work-up, but knee radiography should be used as an imaging tool to support a diagnosis of osteoarthritis or to detect rare pathologies, such as tumours or fractures of the knee. Discussion: The present work offers a clear framework for the management of degenerative meniscus lesions, with the aim to balance information extracted from the scientific evidence and clinical expertise. Because of biases and weaknesses of the current literature and lack of definition of important criteria, it cannot be considered as an exact treatment algorithm. It summarises the results of the “ESSKA Meniscus Consensus Project” and is the first official European consensus on this topic. The consensus may be updated and refined as more high-quality evidence emerges. Level of evidence: I.
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| 6. |
- Beaufils, Ph, et al.
(författare)
-
Surgical management of degenerative meniscus lesions : the 2016 ESSKA meniscus consensus
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0942-2056 .- 1433-7347. ; 25:2, s. 335-346
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: A degenerative meniscus lesion is a slowly developing process typically involving a horizontal cleavage in a middle-aged or older person. When the knee is symptomatic, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy has been practised for a long time with many case series reporting improved patient outcomes. Since 2002, several randomised clinical trials demonstrated no additional benefit of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy compared to non-operative treatment, sham surgery or sham arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. These results introduced controversy in the medical community and made clinical decision-making challenging in the daily clinical practice. To facilitate the clinical decision-making process, a consensus was developed. This initiative was endorsed by ESSKA. Methods: A degenerative meniscus lesion was defined as a lesion occurring without any history of significant acute trauma in a patient older than 35 years. Congenital lesions, traumatic meniscus tears and degenerative lesions occurring in young patients, especially in athletes, were excluded. The project followed the so-called formal consensus process, involving a steering group, a rating group and a peer-review group. A total of 84 surgeons and scientists from 22 European countries were included in the process. Twenty questions, their associated answers and an algorithm based on extensive literature review and clinical expertise, were proposed. Each question and answer set was graded according to the scientific level of the corresponding literature. Results: The main finding was that arthroscopic partial meniscectomy should not be proposed as a first line of treatment for degenerative meniscus lesions. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy should only be considered after a proper standardised clinical and radiological evaluation and when the response to non-operative management has not been satisfactory. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee is typically not indicated in the first-line work-up, but knee radiography should be used as an imaging tool to support a diagnosis of osteoarthritis or to detect certain rare pathologies, such as tumours or fractures of the knee. Discussion: The present work offers a clear framework for the management of degenerative meniscus lesions, with the aim to balance information extracted from the scientific evidence and clinical expertise. Because of biases and weaknesses of the current literature and lack of definition of important criteria such as mechanical symptoms, it cannot be considered as an exact treatment algorithm. It summarises the results of the “ESSKA Meniscus Consensus Project” (http://www.esska.org/education/projects) and is the first official European consensus on this topic. The consensus may be updated and refined as more high-quality evidence emerges. Level of evidence: I.
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| 7. |
- Becker, Roland, et al.
(författare)
-
A finite element method for domain decomposition with non-matching grids
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis. - : EDP Sciences. - 0764-583X .- 1290-3841. ; 37:2, s. 209-225
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this note, we propose and analyse a method for handling interfaces between nonmatching grids based on an approach suggested by Nitsche (1971) for the approximation of Dirichlet boundary conditions. The exposition is limited to self-adjoint elliptic problems, using Poisson's equation as a model. A priori and a posteriori error estimates are given. Some numerical results are included.
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| 8. |
- Berndtsson, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
-
Drivers of changing urban flood risk : A framework for action
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 240, s. 47-56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on drivers for changing urban flood risk. We suggest a framework for guiding climate change adaptation action concerning flood risk and manageability in cities. The identified key drivers of changing flood hazard and vulnerability are used to provide an overview of each driver's impact on flood risk and manageability at the city level. We find that identified drivers for urban flood risk can be grouped in three different priority areas with different time horizon. The first group has high impact but is manageable at city level. Typical drivers in this group are related to the physical environment such as decreasing permeability and unresponsive engineering. The second group of drivers is represented by public awareness and individual willingness to participate and urbanization and urban sprawl. These drivers may be important and are manageable for the cities and they involve both short-term and long-term measures. The third group of drivers is related to policy and long-term changes. This group is represented by economic growth and increasing values at risk, climate change, and increasing complexity of society. They have all high impact but low manageability. Managing these drivers needs to be done in a longer time perspective, e.g., by developing long-term policies and exchange of ideas.
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| 9. |
- Blunden, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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State of the Climate in 2012
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 94:8, s. S1-S258
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time in serveral years, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions around the globe. A weak La Ni a dissipated to ENSOneutral conditions by spring, and while El Nino appeared to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully developed as sea surface temperatures in the eastern conditions. Nevertheless, other large-scale climate patterns and extreme weather events impacted various regions during the year. A negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation from mid-January to early February contributed to frigid conditions in parts of northern Africa, eastern Europe, and western Asia. A lack of rain during the 2012 wet season led to the worst drought in at least the past three decades for northeastern Brazil. Central North America also experienced one of its most severe droughts on record. The Caribbean observed a very wet dry season and it was the Sahel's wettest rainy season in 50 years. Overall, the 2012 average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces ranked among the 10 warmest years on record. The global land surface temperature alone was also among the 10 warmest on record. In the upper atmosphere, the average stratospheric temperature was record or near-record cold, depending on the dataset. After a 30-year warming trend from 1970 to 1999 for global sea surface temperatures, the period 2000-12 had little further trend. This may be linked to the prevalence of La Ni a-like conditions during the 21st century. Heat content in the upper 700 m of the ocean remained near record high levels in 2012. Net increases from 2011 to 2012 were observed at 700-m to 2000-m depth and even in the abyssal ocean below. Following sharp decreases in to the effects of La Ni a, sea levels rebounded to reach records highs in 2012. The increased hydrological cycle seen in recent years continued, with more evaporation in drier locations and more precipitation in rainy areas. In a pattern that has held since 2004, salty areas of the ocean surfaces and subsurfaces were anomalously salty on average, while fresher areas were anomalously fresh. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2012 was near average, with a total of 84 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010 and 2011, the North Atlantic was the only hurricane basin that experienced above-normal activity. In this basin, Sandy brought devastation to Cuba and parts of the eastern North American seaboard. All other basins experienced either near-or below-normal tropical cyclone activity. Only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity-all in Bopha became the only storm in the historical record to produce winds greater than 130 kt south of 7 N. It was also the costliest storm to affect the Philippines and killed more than 1000 residents. Minimum Arctic sea ice extent in September and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent in June both reached new record lows. June snow cover extent is now declining at a faster rate (-17.6% per decade) than September sea ice extent (-13.0% per decade). Permafrost temperatures reached record high values in northernmost Alaska. A new melt extent record occurred on 11-12 July on the Greenland ice sheet; 97% of the ice sheet showed some form of melt, four times greater than the average melt for this time of year. The climate in Antarctica was relatively stable overall. The largest maximum sea ice extent since records begain in 1978 was observed in September 2012. In the stratosphere, warm air led to the second smallest ozone hole in the past two decades. Even so, the springtime ozone layer above Antarctica likely will not return to its early 1980s state until about 2060. Following a slight decline associated with the global 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production reached a record 9.5 +/- 0.5 Pg C in 2011 and a new record of 9.7 +/- 0.5 Pg C is estimated for 2012. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 2.1 ppm in 2012, to 392.6 ppm. In spring 2012, 2 concentration exceeded 400 ppm at 7 of the 13 Arctic observation sites. Globally, other greenhouse gases including methane and nitrous oxide also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 32% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Concentrations of most ozone depleting substances continued to fall.
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| 10. |
- Farzaneh, Farokh, et al.
(författare)
-
von Langenbeck procedures at 14 months or Wardill at 18 months for primary repair of cleft palate in adult Swedish patients with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate: A study of facial growth.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of plastic and reconstructive surgery and hand surgery / Nordisk plastikkirurgisk forening [and] Nordisk klubb for handkirurgi. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2073 .- 0284-4311. ; 43:4, s. 214-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compared facial growth in patients with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP) in whom the palate had been repaired by the von Langenbeck procedure at the age of 14 months (L-14), or by the Wardill procedure at 18 months (W-18). A total of 151 unaffected subjects were used as a reference group. Thirty-six adult patients, 26 in the L-14 group, and 10 in the W-18 group, were investigated clinically and with lateral skull radiography, and they also filled out a questionnaire about their dental condition. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the effect of surgical strategy, sex, and the presence of a velopharyngeal flap on several dependent variables indicating sagittal and vertical jaw relations, and inclination of incisors. The BCLP group was characterised by a pre-normal basal relation (ss-n-sm), retroclined upper (ILs/NL) and lower (ILi/ML) incisors, maxillary retrognathism (s-n-ss) in men, larger maxillary plane angle (NSL/NL) in women, larger mandibular plane (NSL/ML) and intermaxillary vertical relation (NL/ML) in men, and smaller anterior facial height (n-gn) and upper anterior facial height (n-sp). In the BCLP group, differences in outcomes could be explained only by sex. The sagittal jaw base relation (ss-n-sm) was significantly smaller in men than in women, whereas the total anterior facial height (n-gn) was greater in men. Lateral crossbite was found in about 75% of patients. About 70% were satisfied with their dental condition. The choice of surgical strategy had no significant influence on the variables measured on facial morphology.
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| 11. |
- Farzaneh, Farokh, et al.
(författare)
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von Langenbeck procedures at 8 months or Wardill at 18 months for primary repair of cleft palate in adult Swedish patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: A study of facial growth.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2073 .- 0284-4311. ; 42:2, s. 67-76
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to compare facial growth in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in whom the palate was repaired with the von Langenbeck procedure at 8 months (L-8), or the Wardill procedure at 18 months (W-18). A total of 151 unaffected subjects were used as a reference series. Sixty-one adult patients, 34 in the L-8 group and 27 in the W-18 group, were investigated clinically and with lateral skull radiography and also filled out a questionnaire about their dental condition. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the effects of the surgical strategy, sex, and the presence of a velopharyngeal flap on several dependent variables indicating sagittal jaw relations, vertical jaw relations, and inclination of incisors. The UCLP group was characterised by a short (n-sp) and retrusive maxilla (s-n-ss) and a retrusive mandible for women (s-n-sm), larger maxillary inclination (NSL/NL), more retroclined lower incisors (IL(I)/ML), shorter upper facial heights (n-sp) and normal total face height (n-gn) than the reference group. In the UCLP group there were significant differences between men and women in mandibular prognathism (s-n-sm), maxillary/mandibular relations (ss-n-sm), maxillary inclination (NSL/NL), total anterior facial height (n-gn), and upper anterior facial height (n-sp). Lateral crossbite was found in 20% of the UCLP group. The prevalence was similar in the L-8 and W-18 groups. Almost 80% of the patients in the UCLP group considered that their dental condition was good. The choice of surgical strategy had no significant influence on the variables measured on facial morphology.
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| 12. |
- Franzen, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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A fine-needle aspiration-based protein signature discriminates benign from malignant breast lesions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular Oncology. - : Wiley. - 1574-7891 .- 1878-0261. ; 12:9, s. 1415-1428
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are increasing demands for informative cancer biomarkers, accessible via minimally invasive procedures, both for initial diagnostics and to follow-up personalized cancer therapy. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy provides ready access to relevant tissues; however, the minute sample amounts require sensitive multiplex molecular analysis to achieve clinical utility. We have applied proximity extension assays (PEA) and NanoString (NS) technology for analyses of proteins and of RNA, respectively, in FNA samples. Using samples from patients with breast cancer (BC, n=25) or benign lesions (n=33), we demonstrate that these FNA-based molecular analyses (a) can offer high sensitivity and reproducibility, (b) may provide correct diagnosis in shorter time and at a lower cost than current practice, (c) correlate with results from routine analysis (i.e., benchmarking against immunohistochemistry tests for ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67), and (d) may also help identify new markers related to immunotherapy. A specific 11-protein signature, including FGF binding protein 1, decorin, and furin, distinguished all cancer patient samples from all benign lesions in our main cohort and in smaller replication cohort. Due to the minimally traumatic sampling and rich molecular information, this combined proteomics and transcriptomic methodology is promising for diagnostics and evaluation of treatment efficacy in BC.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Lakens, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Justify your alpha
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2397-3374. ; 2:3, s. 168-171
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In response to recommendations to redefine statistical significance to P ≤ 0.005, we propose that researchers should transparently report and justify all choices they make when designing a study, including the alpha level.
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| 15. |
- Lindgren, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Decision diagram based minimization of pseudo Kronecker expressions
- 2000
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The problem of general 2-level AND/EXOR minimization is known to be hard and proposed heuristic methods tend to be time consuming. Pseudo Kronecker Expressions (PSDKROs) are an interesting subclass as an upper bound estimate of moderate size can be efficiently derived in many cases.
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| 16. |
- Lindgren, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Improved minimization methods of pseudo Kronecker expressions for multiple output functions
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Proceedings. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 0780344553 ; , s. 187-190
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pseudo Kronecker expressions (PSDKROs) are a class of AND/EXOR expressions. For a Boolean function with a given variable order the minimal PSDKRO can be derived efficiently using decision diagram (DD) techniques. The quality, i.e., the number of products in the expression, of the result is known to be dependent on the variable ordering. This paper proposes several improvements and enhancements to previous minimization methods. A pruning technique that can be tuned to tradeoff quality for computational resources is presented. By applying dynamic ordering methods, significant improvements to many previously reported results are obtained. Furthermore, a new method for the minimization of multiple output functions is outlined. Experiments on a set of MCNC benchmarks confirm the advantages of the presented algorithms.
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| 17. |
- Lindgren, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Look-up table FPGA synthesis from minimized multi-valued pseudo Kronecker expressions
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Proceedings. - Los Alamitos, Calif : IEEE Communications Society. - 0818683716 ; , s. 95-100
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we outline a method for Look-up Table-FPGA (LUT-FPGA) synthesis from minimized Multi-Valued Pseudo Kronecker Expressions (MV PSDKROs). By restricting logic minimization to consider only easily mappable expressions, a regular Cellular Architecture (CA) layout without routing overhead is obtained. In this way our method combines logic minimization, mapping and routing. The transformation into the MV domain reduces the area as the number of products in the PSDKRO expression can be further minimized. Deriving the exact minimum MV PSDKRO is known to be hard or even intractable. We address this by applying pruning techniques based on cost estimation and dynamic methods to find suitable variable orderings. Results on a set of MCNC benchmarks show the advantages of the proposed minimization methods
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| 18. |
- Lindgren, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Minimization of ordered pseudo Kronecker decision diagrams
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Proceedings, 2000 International Conference on Computer Design. - Los Alamitos, Calif : IEEE Communications Society. - 0769508014 ; , s. 504-510
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of Decision Diagrams (DDs) has brought new means towards solving many of the problems involved in digital circuit design. Compactness of the representation is one key issue. Ordered Pseudo Kronecker Decision Diagrams (OPKDDs) together with the use of complemented edges is known to offer the most general ordered read-once DD representation at the bit-level, hence OPKDDs hold all minimal sized bit-level ordered DDs for a given function. This representation allows us to trade-off diagram canonicity against compactness. Ternary-OPKDDs (TOPKDDs) implicitly holds all OPKDDs for a given variable order. We state the canonicity criteria for TOPKDDs having complemented edges and develop an efficient sifting based method for their minimization. Furthermore, a heuristic minimization algorithm for OPKDDs is devised, utilizing the redundancies of Ternary-OPKDDs (TOPKDDs). Experiments on a set of MCNC benchmarks confirm the potential compactness of OPKDDs and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed heuristics.
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| 19. |
- Lindgren, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of pseudo Kronecker lattice diagrams
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Proceedings. - Los Alamitos, Calif : IEEE Communications Society. - 076950406X ; , s. 307-310
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design process of digital circuits is often carried out in individual steps, like logic minimization, mapping and routing. This leads to quality loss, e.g. in cases where highly optimized netlists fit badly onto the target architecture. Lattice diagrams have been proposed as one possible solution. They offer a regular two dimensional structure, thus overcoming the routing problem. However elegant, presented methods have only been shown to find practical lattice representations for small functions. We present heuristic synthesis methods for Pseudo-Symmetric Pseudo Kronecker Decision Diagrams (PSP-KDDs) applicable to incompletely specified multiple output functions. The lattice structure maps directly to both ASICs and fine grain FPGAs. Our method (combining logic minimization, mapping and routing) seeks to minimize area and delay by heuristic methods. Experimental results on a set of MCNC benchmarks show superior quality to previous methods and in many cases even optimal depth results for unfolded lattices
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| 20. |
- Lindgren, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Synthesis of pseudo Kronecker lattice diagrams
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Proceedings. Reed-Muller99.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design process of digital circuits is often carried out in individual steps, like logic minimization, mapping and routing. This leads to quality loss e.g., in cases where highly optimized netlists fit badly onto the target architecture. Lattice diagrams have been proposed as one possible solution. They offer a regular two dimensional structure, thus overcoming the routing problem. However elegant, presented methods have only shown to find practical lattice representations for small functions. We present heuristic synthesis methods for Pseudo-Symmetric Pseudo Kronecker Decision Diagrams (PSPKDDs) applicable to incompletely specified multiple output functions. The lattice structure maps directly to both ASICs and fine grain FPGAs. Our method (combining logic minimization, mapping and routing) seeks to minimize area and delay by heuristic methods. Experimental results on a set of MCNC benchmarks show superior quality to previous methods and in many cases even optimal depth results for unfolded lattices.
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| 21. |
- Ljung, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
-
BAY 81-8973 Efficacy and Safety in Previously Untreated and Minimally Treated Children with Severe Hemophilia A : The LEOPOLD Kids Trial
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0340-6245 .- 2567-689X. ; 123:1, s. 27-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: BAY 81-8973, a full-length recombinant factor VIII for hemophilia A treatment, has been extensively evaluated in previously treated patients in the LEOPOLD (Long-Term Efficacy Open-Label Program in Severe Hemophilia A Disease) clinical trials.AIM: To assess BAY 81-8973 efficacy and safety when used for bleed prophylaxis and treatment in previously untreated/minimally treated patients (PUPs/MTPs).METHODS: In this phase III, multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled study, PUPs/MTPs (<6 years old) with severe hemophilia A received BAY 81-8973 (15-50 IU/kg) at least once weekly as prophylaxis. Primary efficacy endpoint was the annualized bleeding rate (ABR) within 48 hours after prophylaxis infusion. Adverse events and immunogenicity were assessed. Patients who developed inhibitors were offered immune tolerance induction (ITI) treatment in an optional extension phase.RESULTS: Fifty-two patients were enrolled, with 43 patients (mean age: 13.6 months) treated. Median (interquartile range) ABR for all bleeds within 48 hours of prophylaxis infusion was 0.0 (0.0-1.8) among patients without inhibitors ( n = 20) and 0.0 (0.0-2.2) among all patients. As expected, inhibitors were the most frequent treatment-related adverse event (high titer: 17 [39.5%] patients; low titer: 6 [13.9%] patients). Six of 12 patients who underwent ITI treatment in the extension phase (high titer [ n = 5], low titer [ n = 1]) achieved a negative inhibitor titer. CONCLUSION: BAY 81-8973 was effective for bleed prevention and treatment in PUPs/MTPs. The observed inhibitor rate was strongly influenced by a cluster of inhibitor cases, and consequently, slightly higher than in other PUP/MTP studies. Overall, the BAY 81-8973 benefit-risk profile remains unchanged and supported by ongoing safety surveillance. Immune tolerance can be achieved with BAY 81-8973.
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| 22. |
- Mobini, Shifteh, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of pluvial flood damage costs in residential buildings : A case study in Malmö
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 62, s. 11-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pluvial flood damage to residential buildings causes a significant part of direct tangible flood losses. In this study, we investigate the non-hazard variables and sewer system types in relation to damage costs in the city of Malmö, Sweden. A comprehensive data set of around 1000 records of direct damage to residential buildings from a cloudburst event on 31 August 2014 in Malmö, Sweden has been analysed at property scale with no lumping together of data. The results show that properties connected to combined sewer systems are much more exposed to pluvial flood damage than properties connected to separated sewer systems, with the ratio of the number of claims being close to three. The analysis of building-specific variables shows no clear statistical relationships to the damage costs. To further the understanding of damage costs caused by urban pluvial flooding, it is necessary to extend the group of explanatory variables to include information about the socio-economic background of households, the actual value of assets in basements and the precautionary measures taken by house owners.
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| 23. |
- Mobini, Shifteh, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic Inequity in Urban Flood Exposure and Damage Compensation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban flooding is a growing concern in Northern Europe. While all countries in this region invest substantial resources into urban flood risk management, all property owners have unequal opportunity to have their flood risk managed. This paper presents the notion of equity in the urban flood risk management, focusing on urban flood exposure and compensation after sewage surcharge on the 31 August 2014 cloudburst over Malmö in Sweden. All damage claims and the procedures assessing them were analysed based on the type of sewer system (combined or separated) that affected the properties. The results demonstrated considerable systemic inequity in both flood exposure and damage compensation. The owners of properties connected to combined systems were four times more likely to make a damage claim, while having their damage claims approved just over half as often, compared with owners of properties connected to separated sewage systems. Considering the multifaceted nature of both inequities and their possible resolution, current praxis is not sufficient for the management of future urban drainage systems; not only concerning changing climatic conditions but also concerning social conditions
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| 24. |
- Sörensen, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Re-thinking urban flood management – time for a regime shift
- 2016
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 8:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban flooding is of growing concern due to increasing densification of urban areas, changes in land use, and climate change. The traditional engineering approach to flooding is designing single-purpose drainage systems, dams, and levees. These methods, however, are known to increase the long-term flood risk and harm the riverine ecosystems in urban as well as rural areas. In the present paper, we depart from resilience theory and suggest a concept to improve urban flood resilience. We identify areas where contemporary challenges call for improved collaborative urban flood management. The concept emphasizes resiliency and achieved synergy between increased capacity to handle stormwater runoff and improved experiential and functional quality of the urban environments. We identify research needs as well as experiments for improved sustainable and resilient stormwater management namely, flexibility of stormwater systems, energy use reduction, efficient land use, priority of transport and socioeconomic nexus, climate change impact, securing critical infrastructure, and resolving questions regarding responsibilities.
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