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- Bartholdson, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Does paying pay off? : paying for ecosystem services and exploring alternative possibilities
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ongoing degradation of ecosystems threaten future food production and the international community thus urgently has to plan for how to secure fundamental life-support services for the future, so called ecosystem services (ES). Examples of such ES are climate regulation, nutrient cycles, fresh water provision, etc.This report is focused on two distinct strategies to make land users in tropical rainforest areas continue to provide ecosystem services. The first approach, Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES), is an economic instrument designed at global and national levels. Several PES schemes are currently implemented in a global context where increasing human demands for food, fibre and fuel are accelerating competition for land. The overall aim of the PES projects covered by this report is to lower the emission of green house gas on national and global levels and they are especially directed towards forest areas. The PES projects specify that specific rural groups are paid if they agree to protect, manage or restore the ecosystem service provisioning system within their forest territories. This report highlights that many PES initiatives are being implemented with a ‘conservation perspective’, rather than seeing ecosystem services as integrated with production and livelihoods. There are also alternative strategies to manage ecosystem services. In this report we put an emphasis on an approach where production and conservation are planned for within the same landscape and production systems. Many smallholders already integrate and maintain ecosystem services in their agricultural/forest production systems in a long-term perspective, while producing food, fibre and fuel for the households’ own consumption as well as for sale. In such a system, the local communities are totally dependent on the ecosystem services to re-generate conditions for their agricultural production and/or forest extraction. The focus in such farming-forestry systems, using little or no inputs, which are totally dependent on renewable resources, is on how to increase agricultural/forest production by supporting local ecosystem services, such as soil fertility and structure, pollination, micro climate, biological control of crop pests, etc. The ecosystem services functions, such as carbon sequestration, then emerge as a ‘by-product’ out of these production systems. Increased soil humus in the soil and biomass accumulation are other examples of such ‘by-products’. We want to illustrate potentials and challenges with the aforementioned two approaches to secure ecosystem provisions, and how they are articulated within their specific contexts. This report explores these two approaches by examining case-studies in tropical forest areas in Peru, Brazil, Tanzania and Vietnam, as well as the experiences of EU-designed PES schemes for subsidies/support so as to achieve environmental protection in Sweden.
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| 2. |
- Beckman, Malin
(författare)
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Changing Land Use, Disaster Risk and Adaptive Responses in Upland Communities in Thailand
- 2015
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Ingår i: IDRiM journal. - 2185-8322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is based on qualitative fieldwork in 4 villages in northern Thailand in 2012-2013. The study focuses on the interaction between socio-economic development and climate related risk. We study local perceptions of the impacts of climate related risks and responses to these risks. The study is guided by the Forensic Investigation of Disasters (FORIN) framework with i) a critical cause analysis to identify dynamic drivers of disaster risk and ii) scenario analysis to identify disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) options. Changes in livelihood strategies have been coinciding with an increase in climate related risk during the past decade, including the increased occurrence of flash floods, landslides and drought, as perceived by interviewees. In common for all villages are that policies of state-managed forest protection leave upland communities with too little land for production and fallows, leading to disaster prone cultivation on marginal lands. We argue that national policies toward upland communities tend to reinforce land use and livelihood strategies that increase disaster risk. There is need for more integrated forms of land use, like agro-forestry, to enable a combined focus on environment- and livelihood objectives in support of climate change adaptation.
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| 4. |
- Beckman, Malin
(författare)
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Converging and conflicting interests in adaptation to environmental change in central Vietnam
- 2011
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Ingår i: Climate and Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1756-5529 .- 1756-5537. ; 3, s. 32-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article is based on qualitative research in the provinces of Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue in central Vietnam during the years 1996-2009, by the author and colleagues at Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry. The focus of the article is on policies that, while increasing resilience at one scale, may cause increased vulnerability at other scales. Policies on forest protection and construction of hydroelectric dams contribute to regulating flooding of the lowland areas. However, the policies also result in severe constraints in access to land and forest products for the mountain population, which has impacts on their capacity to manage risk and adapt to environmental change. Forest resources have previously functioned as an important buffer for mountain households when coping with crises like serious floods. This reduced adaptive capacity may be a critical issue for equity and social sustainability in adaptation.
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| 7. |
- Beckman, Malin
(författare)
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Katastrofrisk och klimatanpassning i Sydostasiens bergsområden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Katastrofriskreducering: perspektiv, praktik, potential.. - 9789144106137 ; , s. 169-189
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studien undersöker hur katastrofrisk samvarierar med förändrad naturresursförvaltning, markanvändning och försörjning i bergsområdena i Thailand och Vietnam. Här har regnen blivit kraftigare och mer oförutsägbara. Flera byar har sedan 2004 utsatts för allvarliga översvämningar, och bybornas sårbarhet vid dessa katastrofer har ökat i takt med ökade investeringar i kommersiella grödor och åtföljande skuldsättning vid skördeförluster. Bergsböndernas begränsade markrättigheter och ländernas skogsskyddspolitik leder till allt större svårigheter att försörja sig. Många bybor ser integrerat jord-skogsbruk som en möjlig anpassningsstrategi för minskad katastrofrisk och mindre sårbarhet – men rådande politik bidrar dessvärre mer till problem än lösningar i detta avseende. Hur kan anpassning till klimatförändringen se ut i dessa bergsområden för att reducera katastrofrisker – och vilka förändringar skulle det innebära i politiken för naturresursförvaltning?
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Beckman, Malin
(författare)
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Upland development, climate-related risk and institutional conditions for adaptation in Vietnam
- 2016
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Ingår i: Climate and Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1756-5529 .- 1756-5537. ; 8, s. 413-422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper argues that policies towards upland communities in Vietnam tend to reinforce land use strategies that increase vulnerability to climate-related risk and undermine adaptive capacity of upland communities. It is argued that the division of land use between intensive agriculture/tree plantation and protected forest is increasing both livelihood- and environmental risk. Qualitative interviews and group discussion with upland villagers and local government staff in two districts of north and central Vietnam suggest that farmers are facing frequent loss and damage due to floods, storms and drought. Changing production patterns, together with the increase in climate-related hazards and stresses, is changing the character of vulnerability of upland communities. The study primarily explores village-level perspectives regarding impacts of hazards and stresses, ideas of how to reduce risk, along with how related policies and institutions influence local possibilities of risk reduction and adaptation. Our fieldwork results suggest that many villagers and local leaders see adaptation and risk reduction in terms of improved irrigation and in terms of access to land and forests for their livelihoods. The findings support arguments for more integration of agriculture and forestry land use, allowing for more flexibility in the development of upland livelihoods, with the aim of facilitating adaptation to climate change.
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| 12. |
- Böös, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Who should record surgical complications? : Results from a third-party assessment of complications after radical cystectomy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 53:5, s. 339-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: In Sweden complications after radical cystectomy have been reported to the nationwide population-based Swedish Cystectomy Registry since 2011. Here, validation of the reporting was assessed in two healthcare regions.Materials and methods: Complications were ascertained from patient records by a third party not involved in the care delivered to 429 randomly selected patients from 949 who had undergone radical cystectomy since 2011 in four hospitals. Without knowledge of the outcome in the primary registration, post-operative complications within 90 days post-operatively were assessed by an independent review of patient charts, and the results were compared with the primary reports in the Swedish Cystectomy Registry.Results: The third-party assessment identified post-operative complications in 310 patients (72%). Low-grade complications (Clavien-Dindo I-II) were noted in 110 (26%) of the patients in the primary registration, but increased to 182 (42%) in the validation (p < 0.00001). High-grade complications (Clavien-Dindo III-V) were reported in 113 (26%) patients in the primary registration, but in 128 (30%) of the patients in the validation (p = 0.02). According to the third-party assessment, 18 patients (4%) had Clavien-Dindo grade IV complications and 12 (3%) died within 90 days of surgery (Clavien-Dindo grade V); corresponding values in the primary registration were 15 (3%) and 9 (2%), respectively. The readmission rate within 90 days increased from 27 to 32% in the validation (p < 0.00001).Conclusions: Compared with registry data, third-party assessment revealed more complications and readmissions after radical cystectomy. Hence such evaluation may improve the validity of reported complication data.
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| 15. |
- Segnestam, Lisa, 1971-
(författare)
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Culture and Capacity : Drought and Gender Differentiated Vulnerability of Rural Poor in Nicaragua, 1970-2010
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation interprets gender-differentiated vulnerability to drought within a rural community located in the dry zone, la zona seca, of Nicaragua, a region that has been identified by the government and NGO sector as suffering from prolonged and, since the 1970s, more frequent droughts. A combination of gender, capitals, and vulnerability demonstrates the value in using a multidimensional perspective to look at the socioeconomic and cultural contexts that form the capacity individuals have had to reduce their long-term vulnerability to drought in Nicaragua. Due to the place-based characteristics of gender as well as vulnerability the analysis is mainly based on people’s stories about the history of their lives. Based on these stories a local level picture is created of the households’ situation over time, how their work strategies and management of resources have varied, and how they perceived changes in capacity and vulnerability in relation to continuity and change in the climate. The issue of adaptive capacity, which currently is less covered in research on gender and vulnerability and recognized in the literature as in need of more attention, and how it distinguishes itself from coping capacity in relation to vulnerability, is placed at the center of analysis. In an additional analysis of how Nicaragua’s hazard management policies look upon the role and importance of interaction among societal levels and actors in reducing hazard vulnerability I show how the discourse has moved from emergency response to risk management with an increased emphasis on capacity building. However, the recognition to differentiated vulnerability is lacking which risks hampering a successful vulnerability reduction.
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| 16. |
- Özel, Faith, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring gender dysphoria and related outcomes in a prospective cohort study: protocol for the Swedish Gender Dysphoria Study (SKDS)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction There has been a drastic increase in the reported number of people seeking help for gender dysphoria in many countries over the last two decades. Yet, our knowledge of gender dysphoria and related outcomes is restricted due to the lack of high-quality studies employing comprehensive approaches. This longitudinal study aims to enhance our knowledge of gender dysphoria; different aspects will be scrutinised, focusing primarily on the psychosocial and mental health outcomes, prognostic markers and, secondarily, on the underlying mechanisms for its origin. Methods and analysis The Swedish Gender Dysphoria Study is an ongoing multicentre longitudinal cohort study with 501 registered participants with gender dysphoria who are 15 years old or older. Participants at different phases of their clinical evaluation process can enter the study, and the expected follow-up duration is three years. The study also includes a comparison group of 458 age- and county-matched individuals without gender dysphoria. Data on the core outcomes of the study, which are gender incongruence and experienced gender dysphoria, body satisfaction and satisfaction with gender-affirming treatments, as well as other relevant outcomes, including mental health, social functioning and life satisfaction, are collected via web surveys. Two different research visits, before and after starting on gender-affirming hormonal treatment (if applicable), are planned to collect respective biological and cognitive measures. Data analysis will be performed using appropriate biostatistical methods. A power analysis showed that the current sample size is big enough to analyse continuous and categorical outcomes, and participant recruitment will continue until December 2022. Ethics and dissemination The ethical permission for this study was obtained from the Local Ethical Review Board in Uppsala, Sweden. Results of the study will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Dissemination will also be implemented through the Swedish Gender Dysphoria Study network in Sweden.
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