| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Kasajima, Yoshie, et al.
(författare)
-
A submesoscale coherent eddy in the Greenland Sea in 2003
- 2006
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. - 0148-0227. ; 111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Submesoscale Coherent Vortices (SCVs) have been observed earlier in the Greenland Sea, but their overall characteristics, the formation and the dissolution mechanisms, and the effects on the large-scale hydrodynamics were not well understood. In order to improve the understanding of these features, a simultaneous investigation of hydrography, chemical tracers, and full-depth velocity profiles in a SCV was employed in September 2003. The observed eddy had a homogeneous cold core from 500 m to 2500 m depth with a radius of 8∼15 km. The velocity field of the eddy was higher than in the previous years, and the eddy was in strong anticyclonic rotation in the intermediate layer (1000∼2000 m). The high velocity field led to the estimate of eddy vorticity twice as high as previous observations, and this was accounted for the eddy migration while the earlier observed eddies were rather stationary around 75°N 0°E. The eddy migrated northeast ward with a speed of 3 km/day driven by the background mean flow under the strong effects of the background shear, which tilted the rotation axis in the upper layer. The concentrations of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the eddy provided firm information about the source water end-members. The Greenland Sea Arctic Intermediate Water and winter cold surface water were determined as the principal eddy source waters. This differs from the earlier conception of eddies being sourced from intermediate waters at the periphery of the Greenland Basin.
|
|
| 3. |
- Olsen, Are, 1972, et al.
(författare)
-
Nordic seas transit time distributions and anthropogenic CO2
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans. - 0148-0227. ; 115
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution and inventory of anthropogenic carbon (DICant) in the Nordic seas are determined using the transit time distribution (TTD) approach. To constrain the shape of the TTDs in the Nordic seas, CO2 is introduced as an age tracer and used in combination with water age estimates determined from CFC-12 data. CO2 and CFC-12 tracer ages constitute a very powerful pair for constraining the shape of TTDs. The highest concentrations of DICant appear in the warm and well-ventilated Atlantic water that flows into the region from the south, and concentrations are typically lower moving west into the colder Arctic surface waters. The depth distribution of DICant reflects the extent of ventilation in the different areas. The Nordic seas DICant inventory for 2002 was constrained to between 0.9 and 1.4 Gt DICant, corresponding to ∼1% of the global ocean DICant inventory. The TTD-derived DICant estimates were compared with estimates derived using four other approaches, revealing significant differences with respect to the TTD-derived estimates, which can be related to issues with some of the underlying assumptions of these other approaches. Specifically, the Tracer combining Oxygen, inorganic Carbon and total Alkalinity (TrOCA) method appears to underestimate DICant in the Nordic seas, the ΔC* shortcut and the approach of Jutterström et al. (2008) appear to overestimate DICant at most depths in this area, and finally the approach of Tanhua et al. (2007) appears to underestimate Nordic seas DICant below 3000 m and overestimate it above 1000 m.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Kivimae, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
-
A carbon budget for the Barents Sea
- 2010
-
Ingår i: DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS. - 0967-0637. ; 57:12, s. 1532-1542
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 8. |
- Nondal, Gisle, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimal evaluation of the surface ocean CO2 system in the northern North Atlantic using data from voluntary observing ships
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography : Methods. - 1541-5856. ; 7, s. 109-118
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work evaluates whether an accurate calculation of the entire CO2 system in the northern North Atlantic can be carried out using a combination of in situ fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) and ancillary data often measured on Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS), i.e., sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS), as well as nitrate (NO3 –). Two approaches are tested: (I) determination of At from SSS and then calculating Ct from measured fCO2 and estimated At; and (II) determination of Ct from SSS, SST, and NO3 – and then calculating At from measured fCO2 and estimated Ct. The optimal approach was found to be determination of At from SSS and then calculating Ct from measured fCO2 and estimated At. This allowed At to be determined with a mean bias of –1.8 μmol kg–1 and root mean square (rms) deviation 6.2 μmol kg–1 and then Ct to be calculated with a mean bias of –1.0 μmol kg–1 and standard error of calculation of 7.4 μmol kg–1, as validated using independent data sets.
|
|
