| 1. |
- López-Isac, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Brief Report : IRF4 Newly Identified as a Common Susceptibility Locus for Systemic Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Cross-Disease Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : Wiley. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 68:9, s. 2338-2344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are autoimmune diseases that have similar clinical and immunologic characteristics. To date, several shared SSc–RA genetic loci have been identified independently. The aim of the current study was to systematically search for new common SSc–RA loci through an interdisease meta–genome-wide association (meta-GWAS) strategy. Methods: The study was designed as a meta-analysis combining GWAS data sets of patients with SSc and patients with RA, using a strategy that allowed identification of loci with both same-direction and opposite-direction allelic effects. The top single-nucleotide polymorphisms were followed up in independent SSc and RA case–control cohorts. This allowed an increase in the sample size to a total of 8,830 patients with SSc, 16,870 patients with RA, and 43,393 healthy controls. Results: This cross-disease meta-analysis of the GWAS data sets identified several loci with nominal association signals (P < 5 × 10−6) that also showed evidence of association in the disease-specific GWAS scans. These loci included several genomic regions not previously reported as shared loci, as well as several risk factors that were previously found to be associated with both diseases. Follow-up analyses of the putatively new SSc–RA loci identified IRF4 as a shared risk factor for these 2 diseases (Pcombined = 3.29 × 10−12). Analysis of the biologic relevance of the known SSc–RA shared loci identified the type I interferon and interleukin-12 signaling pathways as the main common etiologic factors. Conclusion: This study identified a novel shared locus, IRF4, for the risk of SSc and RA, and highlighted the usefulness of a cross-disease GWAS meta-analysis strategy in the identification of common risk loci.
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| 2. |
- Bernal, Ximena E., et al.
(författare)
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Empowering Latina scientists
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 363:6429, s. 825-826
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Caronna, Edoardo, et al.
(författare)
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Redefining migraine prevention: early treatment with anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies enhances response in the real world
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY. - 0022-3050 .- 1468-330X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies (anti-CGRP MAbs) are approved and available treatments for migraine prevention. Patients do not respond alike and many countries have reimbursement policies, which hinder treatments to those who might respond. This study aimed to investigate clinical factors associated with good and excellent response to anti-CGRP MAbs at 6 months. Methods European multicentre, prospective, real-world study, including high-frequency episodic or chronic migraine (CM) patients treated since March 2018 with anti-CGRP MAbs. We defined good and excellent responses as >= 50% and >= 75% reduction in monthly headache days (MHD) at 6 months, respectively. Generalised mixed-effect regression models (GLMMs) were used to identify variables independently associated with treatment response. Results Of the 5818 included patients, 82.3% were females and the median age was 48.0 (40.0-55.0) years. At baseline, the median of MHD was 20.0 (14.0-28.0) days/months and 72.2% had a diagnosis of CM. At 6 months (n=4963), 56.5% (2804/4963) were good responders and 26.7% (1324/4963) were excellent responders. In the GLMM model, older age (1.08 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.15), p=0.016), the presence of unilateral pain (1.39 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.60), p<0.001), the absence of depression (0.840 (95% CI 0.731 to 0.966), p=0.014), less monthly migraine days (0.923 (95% CI 0.862 to 0.989), p=0.023) and lower Migraine Disability Assessment at baseline (0.874 (95% CI 0.819 to 0.932), p<0.001) were predictors of good response (AUC of 0.648 (95% CI 0.616 to 0.680)). These variables were also significant predictors of excellent response (AUC of 0.691 (95% CI 0.651 to 0.731)). Sex was not significant in the GLMM models. Conclusions This is the largest real-world study of migraine patients treated with anti-CGRP MAbs. It provides evidence that higher migraine frequency and greater disability at baseline reduce the likelihood of responding to anti-CGRP MAbs, informing physicians and policy-makers on the need for an earlier treatment in order to offer the best chance of treatment success.
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| 4. |
- Evans, Matthew L., et al.
(författare)
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Developments and applications of the OPTIMADE API for materials discovery, design, and data exchange
- 2024
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Ingår i: Digital Discovery. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2635-098X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Open Databases Integration for Materials Design (OPTIMADE) application programming interface (API) empowers users with holistic access to a growing federation of databases, enhancing the accessibility and discoverability of materials and chemical data. Since the first release of the OPTIMADE specification (v1.0), the API has undergone significant development, leading to the v1.2 release, and has underpinned multiple scientific studies. In this work, we highlight the latest features of the API format, accompanying software tools, and provide an update on the implementation of OPTIMADE in contributing materials databases. We end by providing several use cases that demonstrate the utility of the OPTIMADE API in materials research that continue to drive its ongoing development. The Open Databases Integration for Materials Design (OPTIMADE) application programming interface (API) empowers users with holistic access to a federation of databases, enhancing the accessibility and discoverability of materials and chemical data.
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| 5. |
- Kowal-Bielecka, Otylia, et al.
(författare)
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Update of EULAR recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 76, s. 1327-1339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to update the 2009 European League against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc), with attention to new therapeutic questions. Update of the previous treatment recommendations was performed according to EULAR standard operating procedures. The task force consisted of 32 SSc clinical experts from Europe and the USA, 2 patients nominated by the pan-European patient association for SSc (Federation of European Scleroderma Associations (FESCA)), a clinical epidemiologist and 2 research fellows. All centres from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research group were invited to submit and select clinical questions concerning SSc treatment using a Delphi approach. Accordingly, 46 clinical questions addressing 26 different interventions were selected for systematic literature review. The new recommendations were based on the available evidence and developed in a consensus meeting with clinical experts and patients. The procedure resulted in 16 recommendations being developed (instead of 14 in 2009) that address treatment of several SSc-related organ complications: Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), digital ulcers (DUs), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), skin and lung disease, scleroderma renal crisis and gastrointestinal involvement. Compared with the 2009 recommendations, the 2016 recommendations include phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors for the treatment of SSc-related RP and DUs, riociguat, new aspects for endothelin receptor antagonists, prostacyclin analogues and PDE-5 inhibitors for SSc-related PAH. New recommendations regarding the use of fluoxetine for SSc-related RP and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for selected patients with rapidly progressive SSc were also added. In addition, several comments regarding other treatments addressed in clinical questions and suggestions for the SSc research agenda were formulated. These updated data-derived and consensus-derived recommendations will help rheumatologists to manage patients with SSc in an evidence-based way. These recommendations also give directions for future clinical research in SSc.
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| 6. |
- Pang, Xiaodan, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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DWDM fiber-wireless access system with centralized optical frequency comb-based RF carrier generation
- 2013
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Ingår i: 2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OFC/NFOEC 2013. - 9781479904570
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose and experimentally demonstrate an optical wireless DWDM system at 60 GHz with optical incoherent heterodyne up-conversion using an optical frequency comb. Multiple users with wireline and wireless services are simultaneously supported.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Beltrán-Abaunza, José M., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of MERIS products from Baltic Sea coastal waters rich in CDOM
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ocean Science. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1812-0784 .- 1812-0792. ; 10:3, s. 377-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, retrievals of the medium resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS) reflectances and water quality products using four different coastal processing algorithms freely available are assessed by comparison against sea-truthing data. The study is based on a pair-wise comparison using processor-dependent quality flags for the retrieval of valid common macro-pixels. This assessment is required in order to ensure the reliability of monitoring systems based on MERIS data, such as the Swedish coastal and lake monitoring system (http://vattenkvalitet.se). The results show that the pre-processing with the Improved Contrast between Ocean and Land (ICOL) processor, correcting for adjacency effects, improves the retrieval of spectral reflectance for all processors. Therefore, it is recommended that the ICOL processor should be applied when Baltic coastal waters are investigated. Chlorophyll was retrieved best using the FUB (Free University of Berlin) processing algorithm, although overestimations in the range 18-26.5 %, dependent on the compared pairs, were obtained. At low chlorophyll concentrations (< 2.5 mg m(-3)), data dispersion dominated in the retrievals with the MEGS (MERIS ground segment processor) processor. The lowest bias and data dispersion were obtained with MEGS for suspended particulate matter, for which overestimations in the range of 8-16% were found. Only the FUB retrieved CDOM (coloured dissolved organic matter) correlate with in situ values. However, a large systematic underestimation appears in the estimates that nevertheless may be corrected for by using a local correction factor. The MEGS has the potential to be used as an operational processing algorithm for the Himmerfjarden bay and adjacent areas, but it requires further improvement of the atmospheric correction for the blue bands and better definition at relatively low chlorophyll concentrations in the presence of high CDOM attenuation.
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| 9. |
- Beltrán-Abaunza, José M., 1971-
(författare)
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Remote sensing in optically complex waters : water quality assessment using MERIS data
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This PhD study focusses on the use of MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) data for reliable and quantitative water-quality assessment of optically-complex waters (lake, brackish and coastal waters). The thesis is divided into two parts: A. intercalibration of reflectance measurements in different optically-complex water bodies (Paper I), and validation of various satellite processing algorithms for the coastal zone (Paper II). B. Applications: the use of MERIS data in integrated coastal zone management mostly using Himmerfjärden bay as an example.Himmerfjärden bay is one of the most frequently monitored coastal areas in the world and it is also the recipient of a large urban sewage treatment plant, where a number of full-scale nutrient management experiments have been conducted to evaluate the ecological changes due to changes in nutrient schemes in the sewage plant.Paper I describes the development and assessment of a new hyperspectral handheld radiometer for in situ sampling and validation of remote sensing reflectance. The instrument is assessed in comparison with readily available radiometers that are commonly used in validation.Paper II has a focus on the validation of level 2 reflectance and water products derived from MERIS data. It highlights the importance of calibration and validation activities, and the current accuracy and limitations of satellite products in the coastal zone. Bio-optical in situ data is highlighted as one of the key components for assessing the reliability of current and future satellite missions. Besides suspended particulate matter (SPM), the standard MERIS products have shown to be insufficient to assure data quality retrieval for Baltic Sea waters. Alternative processors and methods such as those assessed and developed in this thesis therefore will have to be put in place in order to secure the success of future operational missions, such as Sentinel-3.The two presented manuscripts in the applied part B of the thesis (paper III and IV), showed examples on the combined use of in situ measurements with optical remote sensing to support water quality monitoring programs by using turbidity and suspended particulate matter as coastal indicators (manuscript III). The article also provides a new turbidity algorithm for the Baltic Sea and a robust and cost-efficient method for research and management. A novel approach to improve the quality of the satellite-derived products in the coastal zone was demonstrated in manuscript IV. The analysis included, the correction for adjacency effects from land and an improved pixel quality screening. The thesis provides the first detailed spatio-temporal description of the evolution of phytoplankton blooms in Himmerfjärden bay using quality-assured MERIS data, thus forwarding our understanding of ecological processes in in Swedish coastal waters.It must be noted that monitoring from space is not a trivial matter in these optically-complex waters dominated by the absorption of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM). These types of coastal waters are especially challenging for quantitative assessment from space due to their low reflectance. Papers III and IV thus also provide tools for a more versatile use in other coastal waters that are not as optically-complex as the highly absorbing Baltic Sea waters. The benefits of the increased spatial-temporal data coverage by optical remote sensing were presented, and also compared to in situ sampling methods (using chlorophyll-a as indicator).
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| 10. |
- Beltrán-Abaunza, José M., 1971-
(författare)
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Uncertainty measurements and validation of ocean colour data in optically complex waters
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis addresses validation activities associated with the use of in situ and satellite-based radiometers to assess water quality parameters, such as chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total suspended matter (TSM) and coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM- also known as yellow substances, YEL) in CDOM-dominated waters. In paper I, an inter-comparison of in situ radiometers is presented. Here, a new hand-held radiometer, the Water Insight Spectrometer (WISP-3) was tested and evaluated for routine water monitoring against other common radiometers used for validation. The WISP-3 measures the reflectance at the surface, and thus also works in shallow depths. The WISP-3 is designed for validation in places where other radiometers are difficult to deploy. As it is hyperspectral it can be used to develop in-water algorithms for the retrieval of water-quality information. In paper II, satellite data from the 3rd reprocessing archives of the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) sensor on board of ENVISAT is evaluated. MERIS level 2 reflectance and water products are assessed against in situ data. This assessment is required in order to ensure the reliability of monitoring systems based on MERIS data such as the Swedish coastal and lake monitoring system www.vattenkvalitet.se. The evaluation of reflectance data is based on a pair-wise comparison of the standard MEGS processor and three coastal processors that are provided as source free plug-ins for the VISAT BEAM software; all pairs are compared to data measured in situ. The derived water products are evaluated both on a pair-wise comparison of processors as well as on an individual comparison of some processors to sea-truthing data. The studied processors improved the retrievals of MERIS reflectance when used the latest MERIS FR 3rd reprocessing, equalized and “smile” corrected and a land adjacency effects were corrected using the improved contrast between ocean and land (ICOL). The blue spectral bands remain problematic for all processors. Chlorophyll was retrieved best using FUB with an overestimation between 18% - 26.5% (MNB) dependent on the compared pairs. At low chlorophyll < 2.5 mg m-3, random errors dominates the retrievals of MEGS. MEGS showed lower bias and random errors when deriving suspended particulate matter (SPM) with an overestimation in the range 8-16% (MNB). All processors failed to retrieve CDOM correctly, but FUB could at least resolve variations in CDOM, however with a systematic underestimation that may be corrected for by using a local correction factor . MEGS has shown already potential to be used as operational processor in the Himmerfjärden bay and adjacent areas, but it requires further improvement of the atmospheric correction for the blue bands and better definition at relatively low chlorophyll concentrations in presence of CDOM.
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| 11. |
- Beltrán-Abaunza, José M., et al.
(författare)
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Using MERIS data to assess the spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton in coastal areas
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Remote Sensing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0143-1161 .- 1366-5901. ; 38:7, s. 2004-2028
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to highlight how satellite data can be used for an improved understanding of ecological processes in a narrow coastal bay. The usefulness of the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) data (2003-2011) as a complement to the in situ monitoring in Himmerferdenn (HF) bay is used as an example that can also be applied to other coastal areas. HF bay is one of the most frequently monitored coastal areas in the world, allowing for a rigorous comparison between satellites and ship-based monitoring data. MERIS data was used for the integration of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) over each waterbody in the HF area, following the national waterbody classification by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI). Chl-a anomaly maps were produced for the bay and its adjacent areas. The maps could be used to show events with high chl-a, both with natural causes (e.g. a Prymnesium polylepis bloom observed in summer 2008) and of anthropogenic causes (e.g. failure in the local sewage treatment plant resulting in a strong spring bloom in 2006). Anomaly maps thereby allow to scan larger coastal stretches to discriminate areas that may require additional sampling by ship, or to identify areas that do not differ much from the median value of the MERIS time series.
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| 12. |
- Beltran Jimenez, Jose, et al.
(författare)
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Coincident general relativity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 98:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The metric-affine variational principle is applied to generate teleparallel and symmetric teleparallel theories of gravity. From the latter we discover an exceptional class which is consistent with a vanishing affine connection. Based on this remarkable property, this work proposes a simpler geometrical formulation of general relativity that is oblivious to the affine spacetime structure, thus fundamentally depriving gravity of any inertial character. The resulting theory is described by the Hilbert action purged from the boundary term and is more robustly underpinned by the spin-2 field theory, where an extra symmetry is now manifest, possibly related to the double-copy structure of the gravity amplitudes. This construction also provides a novel starting point for modified gravity theories, and the paper presents new and simple generalizations where analytical self-accelerating cosmological solutions arise naturally in the early-and late-time Universe.
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| 13. |
- Beltran Jimenez, Jose, et al.
(författare)
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Cosmology in f (Q) geometry
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 101:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The universal character of the gravitational interaction provided by the equivalence principle motivates a geometrical description of gravity. The standard formulation of general relativity a la Einstein attributes gravity to the spacetime curvature, to which we have grown accustomed. However, this perception has masked the fact that two alternative, though equivalent, formulations of general relativity in flat spacetimes exist, where gravity can be fully ascribed either to torsion or to nonmetricity. The latter allows a simpler geometrical formulation of general relativity that is oblivious to the affine spacetime structure. Generalizations along this line permit us to generate teleparallel and symmetric teleparallel theories of gravity with exceptional properties. In this work we explore modified gravity theories based on nonlinear extensions of the nonmetricity scalar. After presenting some general properties and briefly studying some interesting background cosmologies (including accelerating solutions with relevance for inflation and dark energy), we analyze the behavior of the cosmological perturbations. Tensor perturbations feature a rescaling of the corresponding Newton's constant, while vector perturbations do not contribute in the absence of vector sources. In the scalar sector we find two additional propagating modes, hinting that f(Q) theories introduce, at least, 2 additional degrees of freedom. These scalar modes disappear around maximally symmetric backgrounds because of the appearance of an accidental residual gauge symmetry corresponding to a restricted diffeomorphism. We finally discuss the potential strong coupling problems of these maximally symmetric backgrounds caused by the discontinuity in the number of propagating modes.
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| 14. |
- Beltran Jimenez, Jose, et al.
(författare)
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Teleparallel Palatini theories
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 1475-7516. ; :8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Palatini formalism, which assumes the metric and the affine connection as independent variables, is developed for gravitational theories in flat geometries. We focus on two particularly interesting scenarios. First, we fix the connection to be metric compatible, as done in the usual teleparallel theories, but we follow a completely covariant approach by imposing the constraints with suitable Lagrange multipliers. For a general quadratic theory we show how torsion naturally propagates and we reproduce the Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity as a particular quadratic action that features an additional Lorentz symmetry. We then study the much less explored theories formulated in a geometry with neither curvature nor torsion, so that all the geometrical information is encoded in the non-metricity. We discuss how this geometrical framework leads to a purely inertial connection that can thus be completely removed by a coordinate gauge choice, the coincident gauge. From the quadratic theory we recover a simpler formulation of General Relativity in the form of the Einstein action, which enjoys an enhanced symmetry that reduces to a second linearised diffeomorphism at linear order. More general theories in both geometries can be formulated consistently by taking into account the inertial connection and the associated additional degrees of freedom. As immediate applications, the new cosmological equations and their Newtonian limit are considered, where the role of the lapse in the consistency of the equations is clarified, and the Schwarzschild black hole entropy is computed by evaluating the corresponding Euclidean action. We discuss how the boundary terms in the usual formulation of General Relativity are related to different choices of coordinates in its coincident version and show that in isotropic coordinates the Euclidean action is finite without the need to introduce boundary or normalisation terms. Finally, we discuss the double-copy structure of the gravity amplitudes and the bootstrapping of gravity within the framework of coincident General Relativity.
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| 15. |
- Beltran Jimenez, Jose, et al.
(författare)
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The canonical frame of purified gravity
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Modern Physics D. - : World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd. - 0218-2718. ; 28:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the recently introduced gauge theory of translations, dubbed Coincident General Relativity (CGR), gravity is described with neither torsion nor curvature in the spacetime affine geometry. The action of the theory enjoys an enhanced symmetry and avoids the second derivatives that appear in the conventional Einstein-Hilbert action. While it implies the equivalent classical dynamics, the improved action principle can make a difference in considerations of energetics, thermodynamics and quantum theory. This paper reports on possible progress in those three aspects of gravity theory. In the so-called purified gravity, (1) energy-momentum is described locally by a conserved, symmetric tensor, (2) the Euclidean path integral is convergent without the addition of boundary or regulating terms and (3) it is possible to identify a canonical frame for quantization.
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| 16. |
- Beltran Jimenez, Jose, et al.
(författare)
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The Geometrical Trinity of Gravity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Universe. - : MDPI. - 2218-1997. ; 5:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The geometrical nature of gravity emerges from the universality dictated by the equivalence principle. In the usual formulation of General Relativity, the geometrisation of the gravitational interaction is performed in terms of the spacetime curvature, which is now the standard interpretation of gravity. However, this is not the only possibility. In these notes, we discuss two alternative, though equivalent, formulations of General Relativity in flat spacetimes, in which gravity is fully ascribed either to torsion or to non-metricity, thus putting forward the existence of three seemingly unrelated representations of the same underlying theory. Based on these three alternative formulations of General Relativity, we then discuss some extensions.
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| 17. |
- Bull, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond ΛCDM : Problems, solutions, and the road ahead
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physics of the Dark Universe. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-6864. ; 12, s. 56-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite its continued observational successes, there is a persistent (and growing) interest in extending cosmology beyond the standard model, Lambda CDM. This is motivated by a range of apparently serious theoretical issues, involving such questions as the cosmological constant problem, the particle nature of dark matter, the validity of general relativity on large scales, the existence of anomalies in the CMB and on small scales, and the predictivity and testability of the inflationary paradigm. In this paper, we summarize the current status of Lambda CDM as a physical theory, and review investigations into possible alternatives along a number of different lines, with a particular focus on highlighting the most promising directions. While the fundamental problems are proving reluctant to yield, the study of alternative cosmologies has led to considerable progress, with much more to come if hopes about forthcoming high-precision observations and new theoretical ideas are fulfilled.
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| 18. |
- Florén, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Kartering av bentiska naturvärden i Bottniska Viken
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Som en del i Havs- och vattenmyndighetens kartläggning av havsbotten längs svenska kusten har bentiska ekosystemkomponenter och naturvärden karterats på översiktlig nivå i Bottniska viken. Karteringen utfördes med hjälp av rumslig modellering baserad dels på befintliga biologiska fältdata, dels på biologiska data från kompletterande undersökningar samt på heltäckande lager över fysiska, kemiska och antropogena variabler. Totalt skapades 17 heltäckande kartor över vegetation och epifauna, sju kartor över infauna samt en karta över sammanlagda bentiska naturvärden.
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| 19. |
- Florén, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Kartering av marina naturvärden i Västerbottens län
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Som en del i Havs- och vattenmyndighetens kartläggning av havsbotten längs svenska kusten har bentiska ekosystemkomponenter och naturvärden karterats i hög upplösning i Västerbottens län. Karteringen utfördes med hjälp av rumslig modellering baserad dels på befintliga biologiska fältdata, dels på biologiska data från kompletterande undersökningar samt på heltäckande lager över fysiska, kemiska och antropogena variabler. Totalt skapades 11 heltäckande kartor över vegetation och epifauna, fem kartor över infauna, en karta över sikyngel, en karta över Helcom Underwater Biotopes (HUB) samt en karta över bentiska naturvärden.
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| 20. |
- Gutiérrez, Alicia, et al.
(författare)
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Replenishment and mobilization of intracellular nitrogen pools decouples wine yeast nitrogen uptake from growth.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied microbiology and biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0614 .- 0175-7598. ; 100:7, s. 3255-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wine yeast capacity to take up nitrogen from the environment and catabolize it to support population growth, fermentation, and aroma production is critical to wine production. Under nitrogen restriction, yeast nitrogen uptake is believed to be intimately coupled to reproduction with nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR) suggested mediating this link. We provide a time- and strain-resolved view of nitrogen uptake, population growth, and NCR activity in wine yeasts. Nitrogen uptake was found to be decoupled from growth due to early assimilated nitrogen being used to replenish intracellular nitrogen pools rather than being channeled directly into reproduction. Internally accumulated nitrogen was later mobilized to support substantial population expansion after external nitrogen was depleted. On good nitrogen sources, the decoupling between nitrogen uptake and growth correlated well with relaxation of NCR repression, raising the potential that the latter may be triggered by intracellular build-up of nitrogen. No link between NCR activity and nitrogen assimilation or growth on poor nitrogen sources was found. The decoupling between nitrogen uptake and growth and its influence on NCR activity is of relevance for both wine production and our general understanding of nitrogen use.
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| 21. |
- Hommersom, Annelies, et al.
(författare)
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Intercomparison in the field between the new WISP-3 and other radiometers (TriOS Ramses, ASD FieldSpec, and TACCS)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Remote Sensing. - 1931-3195. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical close-range instruments can be applied to derive water quality parameters for monitoring purposes and for validation of optical satellite data. In situ radiometers are often difficult to deploy, especially from a small boat or a remote location. The water insight spectrometer (WISP-3) is a new hand-held radiometer for monitoring water quality, which automatically performs measurements with three radiometers (L-sky, L-u, E-d) and does not need to be connected with cables and electrical power during measurements. The instrument is described and its performance is assessed by an intercomparison to well-known radiometers, under real fieldwork conditions using a small boat and with sometimes windy and cloudy weather. Root mean squared percentage errors relative to those of the TriOS system were generally between 20% and 30% for remote sensing reflection, which was comparable to those of the other instruments included in this study. From this assessment, it can be stated that for the tested conditions, the WISP-3 can be used to obtain reflection spectra with accuracies in the same range as well-known instruments. When tuned with suitable regional algorithms, it can be used for quick scans for water quality monitoring of Chl, SPM, and aCDOM.
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| 22. |
- Isæus, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Ekologiskt hållbar vindkraft i Östersjön : Slutrapport för projekt Marin MedVind – Underlag för storskalig hållbar vindkraft till havs
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att motverka de klimatförändringar som världen står inför är det nödvändigt att utveckla och stärka tillgången på fossilfri energi. Havsbaserad vindkraft har pekats ut som en god möjlighet att bidra till denna omställning och områden för elproduktion i storleksordningen 20–30 TWh har angetts i den nu beslutade havsplanen, och regeringen har föreslagit ett planeringsmål på ytterligare 90 TWh. Om en storskalig utbyggnad av vindkraft till havs skall genomföras är det viktigt att utbyggnaden blir hållbar ur ett ekologiskt perspektiv. Denna rapport syftar till att undersöka möjligheterna för storskalig och hållbar utbyggnad av vindkraft i svenska vatten i Östersjön och utifrån detta ge underlag till vägledning. I denna studie har vi i stor utsträckning arbetat med kartor och resultaten, utöver denna rapport, finns också tillgängliga i kartformat. För att resultaten skall vara relevanta har vi analyserat industrins preferenser gällande lokalisering av bottenfasta respektive flytande vindkraftsetableringar i ett rumsligt perspektiv. Genom en stor litteraturgenomgång har vi sammanställt kunskapsläget om påverkan av havsbaserad vindkraft på marina organismer och det kartmaterial som finns tillgängligt gällande utbredning av arter och för dem känsliga perioder som övervintring för vissa sjöfåglar, lekområden för fisk, parnings- och uppväxtområde för tumlare och liggplatser för säl. Workshops med experter för olika biologiska organismgrupper har hållit för att diskutera vilka restriktioner som krävs för att säkerställa en hållbar vindkraftsutbyggnad. Utifrån detta bakgrundsmaterial har vi producerat aggregerade kartor för sjöfågel, fisk, tumlare och säl som visar föreslagna restriktioner i en rumslig kontext. Dessa kartor har vi överlagrat med kartor med områdesskydd och industrins preferens gällande vindkraftsetablering till havs. Sedan har ytor tillgängliga för vindkraftsetablering, med och utan restriktioner, räknats fram.Resultaten visar att det finns stora ytor lämpliga för vindparker med bottenfasta fundament. I Egentliga Östersjön har en stor del av dessa någon form av restriktion för att säkerställa hållbarhet medan i Bottenhavet och Bottenviken finns även stora ytor utan föreslagna restriktioner. Gällande vindkraft med flytande fundament ser vi att utvecklingen leder mot att snart sagt alla delar av Östersjön är intressanta för vindkraftsutbyggnad. Generellt förväntas flytande vindkraft ha lägre påverkan på marina organismer då den förläggs i djupare områden där biodiversiteten är lägre, och speciellt i områden med djupa döda bottnar blir påverkan extra låg vilket gör den lämplig för utbyggnad av vindkraft. Dessa ytor är stora vilket gör att det även finns utrymme för en stor utbyggnad av flytande vindkraft. Alla dessa analyser är beroende av tillförlitligheten i de underliggande kartorna och att dessa kartunderlag är kompletta för de bedömningar som skall utföras. För de analyser som utförts redovisar vi tillförlitligheten i kartorna. Den mest uppenbara bristen i kartunderlagen är att kartor för flyttande fågel och fladdermöss saknas vilket medför att resultaten måste tolkas med hänsyn till denna brist. Trots det vågar vi konkludera att det finns utrymme för en betydande utbyggnad av havsbaserad vindkraft i Östersjön förutsatt att de restriktioner och hänsynsåtgärder som föreslås efterlevs, samt att parkerna lokaliseras utspridda och tar hänsyn till viktiga flyttstråk för fågel och fladdermöss. Exakt hur stor utbyggnad som kan göras går inte att avgöra på förhand utan vi föreslår en försiktig strategi där utbyggnaden sker etappvis och utbyggnadsbeslut i senare etapper bygger på kunskap från gedigna kontrollprogram från parker i tidigare etapper. Den första etappen kan innehålla 5–10 vindparker spridda i Östersjön där gärna några har flytande fundament då denna teknik är ny och därför extra viktigt lära från.
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| 23. |
- Jimenez, Jose Beltran, et al.
(författare)
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Extended Gauss-Bonnet gravities in Weyl geometry
- 2014
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Ingår i: Classical and quantum gravity. - : IOP Publishing. - 0264-9381 .- 1361-6382. ; 31:13, s. 135002-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we consider an extended Gauss-Bonnet gravity theory in arbitrary dimensions and in a space provided with a Weyl connection, which is torsion-free but non-metric-compatible, the non-metricity tensor being determined by a vector field. The action considered consists of the usual Einstein-Hilbert action plus all the terms quadratic in the curvature that reduce to the usual Gauss-Bonnet term for vanishing Weyl connection, i.e., when only the Levi-Civita part of the connection is present. We expand the action in terms of Riemannian quantities and obtain vector-tensor theories. We find that all the free parameters only appear in the kinetic term of the vector field, so two branches are possible: one with a propagating vector field and another one where the vector field does not propagate. We focus on the propagating case. We find that in four dimensions, the theory is equivalent to Einstein's gravity plus a Proca field. This field is naturally decoupled from matter, so it represents a natural dark matter candidate. Also for d = 4, we discuss a non-trivial cubic term in the curvature that can be constructed without spoiling the second-order nature of the field equations, because it leads to the vector-tensor Horndeski interaction. In arbitrary dimensions, the theory becomes more involved. We show that, even though the vector field presents kinetic interactions which do not have U(1) symmetry, there are no additional propagating degrees of freedom with respect to the usual massive case. We show that, interestingly, this relies on the fact that the corresponding Stuckelberg field belongs to a specific class within the general Horndeski theories. Finally, since Weyl geometries provide the natural ground on which to build scale invariant theories, we apply the usual Weyl gauging in order to make the Horndeski action locally scale invariant, and discuss new terms that can be added.
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| 24. |
- Jimenez, Jose Beltran, et al.
(författare)
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Modified Gravity with Vector Distortion and Cosmological Applications
- 2017
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Ingår i: Universe. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-1997. ; 3:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We briefly review the basics of Weyl geometry and its natural extension by a general linear "distortion" of the metric connection by a vector field. A special class of the connections has torsion but retains the Weyl's semi-metricity condition. We present ghost-free gravitational theories in this geometrical setup and highlight their possible cosmological applications, such as new self-tuning solutions and new bouncing solutions found in the quadratic-curvature theories. The vector distortion can mimic the cosmological effects of dark matter.
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| 25. |
- Jimenez, Jose Beltran, et al.
(författare)
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Spacetimes with vector distortion : Inflation from generalised Weyl geometry
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 756, s. 400-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spacetime with general linear vector distortion is introduced. Thus, the torsion and the nonmetricity of the affine connection are assumed to be proportional to a vector field (and not its derivatives). The resulting two-parameter family of non-Riemannian geometries generalises the conformal Weyl geometry and some other interesting special cases. Taking into account the leading nonlinear correction to the Einstein-Hilbert action results uniquely in the one-parameter extension of the Starobinsky inflation known as the alpha-attractor. The most general quadratic curvature action introduces, in addition to the canonical vector kinetic term, novel ghost-free vector-tensor interactions.
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| 26. |
- Jimenez, Jose Beltran, et al.
(författare)
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Tensor perturbations in a general class of Palatini theories
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study a general class of gravitational theories formulated in the Palatini approach and derive the equations governing the evolution of tensor perturbations. In the absence of torsion, the connection can be solved as the Christoffel symbols of an auxiliary metric which is non-trivially related to the space-time metric. We then consider background solutions corresponding to a perfect fluid and show that the tensor perturbations equations (including anisotropic stresses) for the auxiliary metric around such a background take an Einstein-like form. This facilitates the study in a homogeneous and isotropic cosmological scenario where we explicitly establish the relation between the auxiliary metric and the spacetime metric tensor perturbations. As a general result, we show that both tensor perturbations coincide in the absence of anisotropic stresses.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Kari, Elina, et al.
(författare)
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Retrieval of suspended particulate matter from turbidity - model development, validation, and application to MERIS data over the Baltic Sea
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Remote Sensing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0143-1161 .- 1366-5901. ; 38:7, s. 1983-2003
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suspended particulate matter (SPM) causes most of the scattering in natural waters and thus has a strong influence on the underwater light field, and consequently on the whole ecosystem. Turbidity is related to the concentration of SPM which usually is measured gravimetrically, a rather time-consuming method. Measuring turbidity is quick and easy, and therefore also more cost-effective. When derived from remote sensing data the method becomes even more cost-effective because of the good spatial resolution of satellite data and the synoptic capability of the method. Turbidity is also listed in the European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive as a supporting monitoring parameter, especially in the coastal zone. In this study, we aim to provide a new Baltic Sea algorithm to retrieve SPM concentration from in situ turbidity and investigate how this can be applied to satellite data. An in situ dataset was collected in Swedish coastal waters to develop a new SPM model. The model was then tested against independent datasets from both Swedish and Lithuanian coastal waters. Despite the optical variability in the datasets, SPM and turbidity were strongly correlated (r = 0.97). The developed model predicts SPM reliably from in situ turbidity (R-2 = 0.93) with a mean normalized bias (MNB) of 2.4% for the Swedish and 14.0% for the Lithuanian datasets, and a relative error (RMS) of 25.3% and 37.3%, respectively. In the validation dataset, turbidity ranged from 0.3 to 49.8 FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Unit) and correspondingly, SPM concentration ranged from 0.3 to 34.0 g m(-3) which covers the ranges typical for Baltic Sea waters. Next, the medium-resolution imaging spectrometer (MERIS) standard SPM product MERIS Ground Segment (MEGS) was tested on all available match-up data (n = 67). The correlation between SPM retrieved from MERIS and in situ SPM was strong for the Swedish dataset with r = 0.74 (RMS = 47.4 and MNB = 11.3%; n = 32) and very strong for the Lithuanian dataset with r = 0.94 (RMS = 29.5% and MNB = -1.5%; n = 35). Then, the turbidity was derived from the MERIS standard SPM product using the new in situ SPM model, but retrieving turbidity from SPM instead. The derived image was then compared to existing in situ data and showed to be in the right range of values for each sub-area. The new SPM model provides a robust and cost-efficient method to determine SPM from in situ turbidity measurements (or vice versa). The developed SPM model predicts SPM concentration with high quality despite the high coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) range in the Baltic Sea. By applying the developed SPM model to already existing remote sensing data (MERIS/Envisat) and most importantly to a new generation of satellite sensors (in particular OLCI on board the Sentinel-3), it is possible to derive turbidity for the Baltic Sea.
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| 29. |
- Laurie, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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The RD-Connect Genome-Phenome Analysis Platform : Accelerating diagnosis, research, and gene discovery for rare diseases
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 43:6, s. 717-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rare disease patients are more likely to receive a rapid molecular diagnosis nowadays thanks to the wide adoption of next-generation sequencing. However, many cases remain undiagnosed even after exome or genome analysis, because the methods used missed the molecular cause in a known gene, or a novel causative gene could not be identified and/or confirmed. To address these challenges, the RD-Connect Genome-Phenome Analysis Platform (GPAP) facilitates the collation, discovery, sharing, and analysis of standardized genome-phenome data within a collaborative environment. Authorized clinicians and researchers submit pseudonymised phenotypic profiles encoded using the Human Phenotype Ontology, and raw genomic data which is processed through a standardized pipeline. After an optional embargo period, the data are shared with other platform users, with the objective that similar cases in the system and queries from peers may help diagnose the case. Additionally, the platform enables bidirectional discovery of similar cases in other databases from the Matchmaker Exchange network. To facilitate genome-phenome analysis and interpretation by clinical researchers, the RD-Connect GPAP provides a powerful user-friendly interface and leverages tens of information sources. As a result, the resource has already helped diagnose hundreds of rare disease patients and discover new disease causing genes.
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| 30. |
- Nogué, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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The human dimension of biodiversity changes on islands
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 372:6541, s. 488-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Islands are among the last regions on Earth settled and transformed by human activities, and they provide replicated model systems for analysis of how people affect ecological functions. By analyzing 27 representative fossil pollen sequences encompassing the past 5000 years from islands globally, we quantified the rates of vegetation compositional change before and after human arrival. After human arrival, rates of turnover accelerate by a median factor of 11, with faster rates on islands colonized in the past 1500 years than for those colonized earlier. This global anthropogenic acceleration in turnover suggests that islands are on trajectories of continuing change. Strategies for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem restoration must acknowledge the long duration of human impacts and the degree to which ecological changes today differ from prehuman dynamics.
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| 31. |
- Pañeda Murcia, Beatriz, et al.
(författare)
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Divine Onomastic Attributs in the Greco-Roman World : A New Proposal of Taxonomy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Calling upon Gods, Offering Bodies : Strategies of Human-Divine Communication in the Roman Empire from Individual Experience to Social Reproduction - Strategies of Human-Divine Communication in the Roman Empire from Individual Experience to Social Reproduction.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 32. |
- Pang, Xiaodan, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Centralized optical-frequency-comb-based RF carrier generator for DWDM fiber-wireless access systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. - : Optical Society of America. - 1943-0620 .- 1943-0639. ; 6:1, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we report on a gigabit capacity fiber-wireless system that enables smooth integration between high-speed wireless networks and dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) access networks. By employing a centralized optical frequency comb, both the wireline and the wireless services for each DWDM user can be simultaneously supported. Besides, each baseband channel can be transparently upconverted to multiple radio-frequency (RF) bands for different wireless standards, which can be flexibly filtered at the end user to select the on-demand RF band, depending on the wireless applications. For demonstration, we transmit a 2.5 Gbit/s signal through the proposed system and successfully achieve a bit-error-rate (BER) performance well below the 7% overhead forward error correction limit of the BER of 2 x 10(-3) for both the wireline and the wireless signals in the 60 GHz band after 25 km single-mode fiber plus up to 6 m wireless distance.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- van Rijswijk, Merlijn, et al.
(författare)
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The future of metabolomics in ELIXIR.
- 2017
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Ingår i: F1000 Research. - : F1000 Research Ltd. - 2046-1402. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolomics, the youngest of the major omics technologies, is supported by an active community of researchers and infrastructure developers across Europe. To coordinate and focus efforts around infrastructure building for metabolomics within Europe, a workshop on the "Future of metabolomics in ELIXIR" was organised at Frankfurt Airport in Germany. This one-day strategic workshop involved representatives of ELIXIR Nodes, members of the PhenoMeNal consortium developing an e-infrastructure that supports workflow-based metabolomics analysis pipelines, and experts from the international metabolomics community. The workshop established metabolite identification as the critical area, where a maximal impact of computational metabolomics and data management on other fields could be achieved. In particular, the existing four ELIXIR Use Cases, where the metabolomics community - both industry and academia - would benefit most, and which could be exhaustively mapped onto the current five ELIXIR Platforms were discussed. This opinion article is a call for support for a new ELIXIR metabolomics Use Case, which aligns with and complements the existing and planned ELIXIR Platforms and Use Cases.
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| 36. |
- Vigouroux, Guillaume, et al.
(författare)
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Trend correlations for coastal eutrophication and its main local and whole-sea drivers - Application to the Baltic Sea
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 779
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal eutrophication is a major environmental issue worldwide. In the Baltic Sea, eutrophication affects both the coastal waters and the open sea. Various policy frameworks aim to hinder its progress but eutrophication-relevant water quality variables, such as chlorophyll-a concentrations, still exhibit opposite temporal trends in various Baltic Sea marine and coastal waters. In this study, we investigate the temporal-trend linkages of measured water quality variables and their various anthropogenic, climatic and hydrospheric drivers over the period 1990–2020 with focus on the Swedish coastal waters and related marine basins in the Baltic Sea.We find that it is necessary to distinguish more and less isolated coastal waters, based on their water exchanges with the open sea, to capture different coastal eutrophication dynamics. In less isolated coastal waters, eutrophication is primarily related to nitrogen concentrations, while it is more related to phosphorus concentrations in more isolated coastal waters. In the open sea, trends in eutrophication conditions correlate best with trends in climatic and hydrospheric drivers, like wind speed and water salinity, respectively. In the coastal waters, driver signals are more mixed, with considerable influences from anthropogenic land-based nutrient loads and sea-ice cover duration. Summer chlorophyll-a concentration in the open sea stands out as a main change driver of summer chlorophyll-a concentration in less isolated coastal waters. Overall, coastal waters are a melting pot of driver influences over various scales, from local land-based drivers to large-scale total catchment and open sea conditions. The latter in turn depend on long-term integration of pathway-dependent influences from the various coastal parts of the Baltic Sea and their land-based nutrient load drivers, combined with overarching climate conditions and internal feedback loops. As such, our results challenge any unidirectional local source-to-sea paradigm and emphasize a need for concerted local land-catchment and whole-sea measures for robust coastal eutrophication management.
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| 37. |
- Walentowitz, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term trajectories of non-native vegetation on islands globally
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 26:5, s. 729-741
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human-mediated changes in island vegetation are, among others, largely caused by the introduction and establishment of non-native species. However, data on past changes in non-native plant species abundance that predate historical documentation and censuses are scarce. Islands are among the few places where we can track human arrival in natural systems allowing us to reveal changes in vegetation dynamics with the arrival of non-native species. We matched fossil pollen data with botanical status information (native, non-native), and quantified the timing, trajectories and magnitude of non-native plant vegetational change on 29 islands over the past 5000 years. We recorded a proportional increase in pollen of non-native plant taxa within the last 1000 years. Individual island trajectories are context-dependent and linked to island settlement histories. Our data show that non-native plant introductions have a longer and more dynamic history than is generally recognized, with critical implications for biodiversity baselines and invasion biology.
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| 38. |
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