| 1. |
- Alinasab, Babak, et al.
(författare)
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The Supratarsal Approach for Correction of Anterior Frontal Bone Fractures
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. - Philadelphia, PA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1049-2275 .- 1536-3732. ; 29:7, s. 1906-1909
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To approach isolated anterior frontal bone fracture, coronal incision is the common surgical access of choice. This approach has complications such as aesthetically undesirable scarring and alopecia along the incision line. An alternative approach to these fractures is through a supratarsal incision. The aim of the present study was to correct the frontal bone fracture, through supratarsal approach.Methods: Six consecutive patients with frontal bone fracture were operated through supratarsal incision and evaluated regarding: patient cosmetic satisfaction, forehead contour, scarring, sensibility and motility in forehead and upper eyelids.Results: Seven months (6–12) postoperatively, all the patients had normal mobility in the forehead and the upper eyelids and 17% (n = 1) had hypoesthesia of superior orbital nerve. The forehead contour was excellent in all patients. About 83% (n = 5) of the patients were very satisfied and 17% (n = 1) were satisfied with the surgical result.Conclusion: Correction of anterior frontal bone fracture through a supratarsal approach appears to be safe and offers a sufficient exposure to the frontal bone fracture correction with excellent contouring results and no noticeable scarring.
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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic lupus erythematosus and cardiac risk factors : medical record documentation and patient adherence
- 2011
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Ingår i: Lupus. - Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Stockton. - 0961-2033 .- 1477-0962. ; 20:10, s. 1057-1062
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores patients' knowledge of cardiac risk factors (CRFs), analyses how information and advice about CRFs are documented in clinical practice, and assesses patient adherence to received instructions to decrease CRFs. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with >= 4 ACR criteria participated through completing a validated cardiovascular health questionnaire (CHQ). Kappa statistics were used to compare medical records with the self-reported CHQ (agreement) and to evaluate adherence. Two hundred and eleven (72%) of the known patients with SLE participated. The mean age of the patients was 55 years. More than 70% of the SLE patients considered hypertension, obesity, smoking and hypercholesterolaemia to be very important CRFs. The agreement between medical record documentation and patients' reports was moderate for hypertension, overweight and hypercholesterolaemia (kappa 0.42-0.60) but substantial for diabetes (kappa 0.66). Patients' self-reported adherence to advice they had received regarding medication was substantial to perfect (kappa 0.65-1.0). For lifestyle changes in patients with hypertension and overweight, adherence was only fair to moderate (kappa 0.13-0.47). Swedish SLE patients' awareness of traditional CRFs was good in this study. However, the agreement between patients' self-reports and medical record documentation of CRF profiles, and patients' adherence to medical advice to CRF profiles, could be improved. Lupus (2011) 20, 1057-1062.
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Slåtterängar i Västra Götalands län : Resultat av övervakning 2000-2006
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Följande rapport är en sammanställning av återkommande vegetationsanalysersom genomförts i ett urval av slåtterängar i Västra Götalands län under 2000,2003, 2004, 2005 och 2006. Under 2004-2006 undersöktes 10 fasta objektårligen och ytterligare 20 objekt årligen som slumpvis valdes ut ur befintligdatabas över länets slåttermarker. I varje objekt placerades sedan en kvadratiskprovruta om 10x10 meter ut i ett för ängen "representativt avsnitt". I dennaruta lades sedan 10 mindre provrutor om 1 m2 ut enligt ett på förhand utslumpatmönster. Vegetationen i dessa provrutor dokumenterades sedan med hjälp avart-area analys. I varje provruta om 1 m2 bedömdes också mängden förna i enfyragradig skala efter täckningsgrad.Vid analysen delades de noterade växterna in i de ekologiska grupperingarnapollineringssätt, livsform och växtform. Artnoteringarna behandlades somförekomst/icke förekomst per provruta om 1 m2. Analys av artrikedom gjordesgenom att jämföra medelvärde (antal arter/m2) per provruta för respektiveobjekt. Som jämförelse gjordes även analys av ekologiska grupperingar av dearter som tas upp i Ekstam 1992. Förändringen över tid analyserades med linjärregressionsanalys. Skillnader mellan hävdade och ohävdade ängar analyseradesmed 2-vägs ANOVA, med hävd och fuktighet som faktorer.
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| 4. |
- Birkhofer, Klaus, et al.
(författare)
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Relationships between multiple biodiversity components and ecosystem services along a landscape complexity gradient
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 218, s. 247-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The assessment of effects of anthropogenic disturbance on biodiversity (BD) and ecosystem services (ES) and their relationships are key priorities of the Intergovernmental Panel for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Agricultural landscapes and their associated BD provide multiple ES and it is crucial to understand how relationships between ES and BD components change along gradients of landscape complexity. In this study, we related eight ES potentials to the species richness of five invertebrate, vertebrate and plant taxonomic groups in cereal farming systems. The landscape complexity gradient ranged from areas dominated by annually tilled arable land to areas with high proportions of unfertilized, non-rotational pastures and uncultivated field borders. We show that after accounting for landscape complexity relationships between yield and bird richness or biological control became more positive, but relationships between bird richness and biological control became less positive. The relationship between bird and plant richness turned from positive to negative. Multidiversity (overall biodiversity), was positively related to landscape complexity, whereas multifunctionality (overall ES provision), was not significantly related to either one of these. Our results suggest that multidiversity can be promoted by increasing landscape complexity; however; we found no support for a simultaneous increase of several individual ES, BD components or multifunctionality. These results challenge the assumption that bio-diversity-friendly landscape management will always simultaneously promote multiple ES in agricultural landscapes. Future studies need to verify this pattern by using multi-year data, larger sets of ES and BD components and a study design that is appropriate to address larger spatial scales and relationships in several regions.
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| 5. |
- Fridman-Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of different hydrocortisone treatment strategies in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Neurochirurgica. - : Springer Nature. - 0001-6268 .- 0942-0940. ; 161:8, s. 1715-1721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundHydrocortisone treatment in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery has been debated. Although several publications advocate restrictive treatment, centers around the world administer stress doses of hydrocortisone in patients with presumed intact cortisol production. Our aim with this analysis was to compare postoperative hypocortisolism in patients who received three different protocols of hydrocortisone therapy during and after surgery.MethodThis was a retrospective observational study. Based on perioperative hydrocortisone dose given, patients were divided in three groups: high dose (HD), intermediate dose (ID), and low dose (LD). Postoperative evaluation of the pituitary function was performed using S-cortisol at day 4 and short Synacthen test (SST) at 6–8 weeks. Patients with ACTH-producing adenomas or preoperative hydrocortisone treatment were excluded.ResultThere was no difference between the groups regarding failure rate of SST. The rate of failed SST (all groups) was 51/186 (27%), 24/74 (32%) in the HD group and 26/74 (35%) and 11/38 (29%) in the ID and LD groups respectively. There was no significant difference between the ID and LD groups regarding S-cortisol at postoperative day 4 regarding serum cortisol level below 200 nmol/L. There was a significant but weak correlation, rs 0.330 (P < 0.01) between S-cortisol day 4 and SST at 4–6 weeks.ConclusionsPeri and postoperative hydrocortisone treatment did not affect SST response 6–8 weeks postoperatively, whereas the rate of patients with S-cortisol below 200 nmol/L at postoperative day 4 did. LD hydrocortisone therapy seems to favor a better endogenous production in the early postoperative phase.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Jönsen, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Direct and indirect costs for systemic lupus erythematosus in Sweden. A nationwide health economic study based on five defined cohorts
- 2016
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Ingår i: Seminars in Arthritis & Rheumatism. - : Elsevier BV. - 0049-0172 .- 1532-866X. ; 45:6, s. 684-690
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to calculate total costs of illness and cost -driving disease features among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Sweden. Methods: Five cohorts of well-defined SLE patients, located in different parts of the country were merged. Incident and prevalent cases from 2003 through 2010 were included. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria was used. From the local cohorts, data on demographics, disease activity (SLEDAI 2K), and organ damage (SDI) were collected. Costs for inpatient care, specialist outpatient care and drugs were retrieved from national registries at the National Board of Health and Welfare. Indirect costs were calculated based on sickness leave and disability pensions from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. Results: In total, 1029 SLE patients, 88% females, were included, and approximately 75% were below 65 years at the end of follow-up, and thus in working age. The mean number of annual specialist physician visits varied from six to seven; mean annual inpatient days were 3.1-3.6, and mean annual sick leave was 123-148 days, all per patient. The total annual cost was 208,555 SEK ($33,369 = 22,941(sic)), of which direct cost was 63,672kr ($10,188 = 7004(sic)) and the indirect cost was 144,883 SEK ($23,181 = 15,937(sic)), all per patient. The costs for patients with short disease duration were higher. Higher disease activity as measured by a SLEDAI 2K score > 3 was associated with approximately 50% increase in both indirect and direct costs. Damage in the neuropsychiatric and musculoskeletal domains were also linked to higher direct and indirect costs, while organ damage in the renal and ocular systems increased direct costs. Conclusion: Based on this study and an estimate of slightly more than 6000 SLE patients in Sweden, the total annual cost for SLE in the country is estimated at $188 million (= 129.5 million (sic)). Both direct (30%) and indirect costs (70%) are substantial. Medication accounts for less than 10% of the total cost. The tax paid national systems for health care and social security in Sweden ensure equal access to health care, sick leave reimbursements, and disability pensions nationwide. Our extrapolated annual costs for SLE in Sweden are therefore the best supported estimations thus far, and they clearly underline the importance of improved management, especially to reduce the indirect costs. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Nived, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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High predictive value of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index for survival in systemic lupus erythematosus.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X. ; 29:7, s. 1398-1400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We previously reported high Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) scores in fatal cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) from our inception cohort. This study was done to clarify if the SLICC damage scores 5 years after diagnosis predicted the outcome. METHODS: We studied 80 patients with SLE (70 women, 10 men), all enrolled and diagnosed during the years 1981 through 1991 in our inception cohort, and all alive 5 years after inclusion into the cohort. In all patients the SLICC/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) damage index (DI) was scored at 5 years after SLE diagnosis, and these scores were tested for predictive value. The outcomes were survival or late mortality within the following median observation period of 7 years. All surviving patients were followed through 1999, and no patient was lost to followup. RESULTS: At study entry, 5 years after the diagnosis of SLE, 37 patients had no damage to score with SLICC. Of the remaining 43 patients, 25 had a score of 1 and 18 had a score of 2 or more. In total, 14 fatalities occurred within 7 years after study entry, 7 among the 18 with initial SLICC/ACR DI of 2 or more compared with 7 fatalities among the 62 with less or no damage (p < 0.01). Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular SLICC/ACR DI items were more common in fatal cases than in survivors (p < 0.001). A SLICC score at 5 years of 2 or more increased the relative risk for fatality by 3.4 (95% CI 1.5-14.4), and had a predictive value of 38%. A SLICC score of 0 at 5 years gave an odds ratio in favor of survival of 0.06 (95% CI 0.0-0.5) and had a predictive value for survival of 97%. During an extended followup for one more year the predictive value of damage for fatalities was even more pronounced (p = 0.003, log-rank). CONCLUSION: SLICC damage scores registered 5 years after SLE diagnosis have a high predictive value for survival during the following median observation time of 7 years. These data provide strong evidence that the items included in the SLICC score are clinically relevant.
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| 9. |
- Abarenkov, Kessy, et al.
(författare)
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Annotating public fungal ITS sequences from the built environment according to the MIxS-Built Environment standard – a report from a May 23-24, 2016 workshop (Gothenburg, Sweden)
- 2016
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Ingår i: MycoKeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1314-4057 .- 1314-4049. ; 16, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent molecular studies have identified substantial fungal diversity in indoor environments. Fungi and fungal particles have been linked to a range of potentially unwanted effects in the built environment, including asthma, decay of building materials, and food spoilage. The study of the built mycobiome is hampered by a number of constraints, one of which is the poor state of the metadata annotation of fungal DNA sequences from the built environment in public databases. In order to enable precise interrogation of such data – for example, “retrieve all fungal sequences recovered from bathrooms” – a workshop was organized at the University of Gothenburg (May 23-24, 2016) to annotate public fungal barcode (ITS) sequences according to the MIxS-Built Environment annotation standard (http://gensc.org/mixs/). The 36 participants assembled a total of 45,488 data points from the published literature, including the addition of 8,430 instances of countries of collection from a total of 83 countries, 5,801 instances of building types, and 3,876 instances of surface-air contaminants. The results were implemented in the UNITE database for molecular identification of fungi (http://unite.ut.ee) and were shared with other online resources. Data obtained from human/animal pathogenic fungi will furthermore be verified on culture based metadata for subsequent inclusion in the ISHAM-ITS database (http://its.mycologylab.org).
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Adrian, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Minimal guidewire length for central venous catheterization of the right subclavian vein : A CT-based consecutive case series
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Access. - : SAGE Publications. - 1129-7298 .- 1724-6032. ; 23:3, s. 375-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Central venous catheter (CVC) misplacement occurs frequently after right subclavian vein catheterization. It can be avoided by using ultrasound to confirm correct guidewire tip position in the lower superior vena cava prior to CVC insertion. However, retraction of the guidewire during the CVC insertion may dislocate the guidewire tip from its desired and confirmed position, thereby resulting in CVC misplacement. The aim of this study was to determine the minimal guidewire length required to maintain correct guidewire tip position in the lower superior vena cava throughout an ultrasound-guided CVC placement in the right subclavian vein.METHODS: One hundred adult patients with a computed tomography scan of the chest were included. By using multiplanar reconstructions from thin-sliced images, the distance from the most plausible distal puncture site of the right subclavian vein to the optimal guidewire tip position in the lower superior vena cava was measured (vessel length). In addition, measurements of equipment in common commercial over-the-wire percutaneous 15-16 cm CVC kits were performed. The 95th percentile of the vessel length was used to calculate the required minimal guidewire length for each CVC kit.RESULTS: The 95th percentile of the vessel length was 153 mm. When compared to the calculated minimal guidewire length, the guidewires were up to 108 mm too short in eight of eleven CVC kits.CONCLUSION: After confirmation of a correct guidewire position, retraction of the guidewire tip above the junction of the brachiocephalic veins should be avoided prior to CVC insertion in order to preclude dislocation of the catheter tip towards the right internal jugular vein or the left subclavian vein. This study shows that many commercial over-the-wire percutaneous 15-16 cm CVC kits contain guidewires that are too short for right subclavian vein catheterization, i.e., guidewire retraction is needed prior to CVC insertion.
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| 12. |
- Alterbeck, Max, et al.
(författare)
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Designing and Implementing a Population-based Organised Prostate Cancer Testing Programme.
- 2022
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Ingår i: European urology focus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4569. ; 8:6, s. 1568-1574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European guidelines recommend that well-informed men at elevated risk of having prostate cancer (PCa) should be offered prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing with risk-stratified follow-up. The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare recommends against screening for PCa but supports regional implementation of organised prostate cancer testing (OPT).To report the process for designing and implementing OPT programmes.Population-based OPT programmes in two Swedish regions, designed to include men aged between 50 and 74 yr, launched in September 2020 for 50-yr-old men.The number of men invited, the participation rate, and the numbers of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, urological visits, and biopsies from September 2020 to June 2021 were recorded.Two Swedish regions co-designed an OPT programme with a risk-stratified diagnostic algorithm based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density, MRI findings, and age. An automated administrative system was developed on a nationwide web-based platform. Invitation letters and test results are automatically generated and sent out by post. Men with PSA ≥3ng/ml, a suspicious MRI lesion, and/or PSA density ≥0.15ng/ml/cm3 are referred for a prostate biopsy. Test results are registered for quality control and research. By June 2021, a total of 16515 men were invited, of whom 6309 (38%) participated; 147 had an MRI scan and 39 underwent prostate biopsy. The OPT framework, algorithm, and diagnostic pathways have been working well.We designed and implemented a framework for OPT with a high grade of automation. The framework and organisational experiences may be of value for others who plan a programme for early detection of PCa.We describe the implementation of an organised testing programme for early detection of prostate cancer in two Swedish regions. This model is the first of its kind and may serve as a template for similar programmes.
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| 13. |
- Appelqvist, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Miljöövervakning av gaddsteklar och pollinatörer : 2019
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Länsstyrelsen i Västra Götalands län bedriver sedan ett antal år tillbaka en årlig övervakning av gaddsteklar i länet. Övervakningen bedrivs genom utsättning av fällor – så kallade färgskålar och genom direktinventering av så kallade pollinatörsslingor. Under 2019 inventerades 10 stycken lokaler/ekorutor spritt från Tranemo kommun i söder till Strömstads- och Gullspångs kommuner i norr.
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| 14. |
- Arnestad, J P, et al.
(författare)
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Isolated hyperthermic liver perfusion with cytostatic-containing perfusate activates the complement cascade.
- 1992
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Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - 0007-1323. ; 79:9, s. 948-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight patients with advanced liver malignancy undergoing isolated hyperthermic liver perfusion with melphalan and cisplatin were studied with regard to complement activation and formation of anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) and terminal C5b-9 complement complexes (TCCs). Blood samples for complement variables (C1-INH, C3, C4, C5, C3a, C5a and TCCs) were taken before surgery, 1 min before the start of perfusion, 1, 2 and 3 h after the start of perfusion, and 24 h after operation. Samples were drawn from the perfusate 1 h after the start of perfusion. Activation of complement was observed during perfusion. Raised plasma concentrations of C3a and TCCs were recorded and high levels of C3a and TCCs were found in the perfusate. In vitro tests indicated that melphalan and cisplatin may activate complement. This activation occurred at 37 and 42 degrees C but was more pronounced at 42 degrees C.
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| 15. |
- Arnqvist, Goran, et al.
(författare)
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Falsk marknadsföring om hållbart skogsbruk
- 2022
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet Debatt. - 1101-2412.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Dagens svenska skogsbruk är inte ekologiskt hållbart. Att saluföra det som hållbart är därför – för att tala klarspråk – falsk marknadsföring, skriver forskare.
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| 16. |
- Bengtsson, A A, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for developing systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study in southern Sweden.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Rheumatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1462-0332 .- 1460-2172. ; 41:5, s. 563-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors that have been suggested to be associated with the development of SLE. METHODS: A case-control study was performed and a questionnaire was developed to obtain the data. Consecutive female incident cases diagnosed between 1981 and 1999 in a defined geographical area in southern Sweden were included. Controls, matched for calendar year of birth, were selected randomly from the same area. In total, 85 cases and 205 controls agreed to participate. The questionnaire included questions about formal education, body weight and height, medical history, family history of autoimmune diseases, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, animals, hair-colouring dyes, alfalfa (lucerne) sprouts, smoking and alcohol habits, history of physical traumata, blood transfusion, silicone breast implants, exogenous oestrogens, other medication, and significant negative life events. RESULTS: Using a multivariate model, a history of hypertension [odds ratio (OR)=3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-9.8], drug allergy (OR=3.6, 95% CI 1.4-9.5), a type I/II sun-reactive skin type (OR=2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.8) and a family history of SLE (OR=6.8, 95% CI 1.4-32) were all significantly associated with an increased risk of developing SLE, whereas consumption of alcohol was inversely associated with the risk of SLE (use of alcohol very seldom, OR=1.0; 1-150 g/month, OR=0.4, 95% CI 0.2-1.0; >150 g/month, OR=0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.5). A suggested association with increased SLE risk was seen for smoking (OR=1.8, 95% CI 0.9-3.6) and blood transfusions (OR=2.3, 95% CI 0.9-5.8). Neither exposure to exogenous oestrogen nor exposure to hair-colouring dyes was associated with SLE. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors of both exogenous and endogenous origin were identified in this population-based series of SLE patients.
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| 17. |
- Bengtsson, Albin, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Consistency in patient-reported outcomes after total hip replacement: A 6-year registry follow-up of 15,755 patients
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 88:5, s. 484-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The primary objective in this study was to describe the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of total hip replacement (THR) patients 6 years after index surgery. Second, we sought to analyze how the preoperative, 1- and 6-year outcomes were associated. Patients and methods - By assessing the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register (SHAR), 15,755 patients with complete follow-up were included in the study group. 1-year and 6-year response rates were 93% and 87%. PROMs used by the SHAR include the EQ-5D instrument, and 2 modified visual analogue scales, 1 for pain and 1 for satisfaction. We used a multivariable linear regression model to examine the relationship between preoperative, 1-year, and 6-year outcome. Results - On average, patient-reported outcomes 6 years after THR were satisfactory. Though there was some deterioration in all mean 6-year PROMs, the patient-reported outcome after 6 years strongly resembled that of the 1-year results. The 1-year follow-up was the strongest factor associated with the 6-year results. Interpretation - There is little deterioration in patient-reported outcomes 6 years after THR compared with the 1-year results. Although the 1-year follow-up was the strongest predictor of the 6-year results it could not alone explain the results, thus supporting the utility of the 6-year follow-up in THR patients.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bengtsson, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular event in systemic lupus erythematosus in northern Sweden: Incidence and predictors in a 7-year follow-up study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Lupus. - London : SAGE Publications. - 0961-2033 .- 1477-0962. ; 21:4, s. 452-459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. An increased rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been suggested in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The risk for myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery disease and stroke has been reported as particularly prevalent in younger females compared with the reference population. This study was performed to analyse the standard incidence ratio (SIR) of and predictors for cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with SLE from northern Sweden, with a fairly homogenous population. Methods. In 2000 all prevalent patients with SLE (>= 4 American College of Rheumatology [ACR] criteria; n=277) from the four northern-most counties of Sweden were assessed with clinical and laboratory analyses. Seven years follow-up data concerning MI and stroke were extracted from the national registers of hospitalization and death in Sweden. The incidence ratio among the patients was compared with that for the general population from the same catchment area using data from the same register and Statistics Sweden. To identify time to event and CVE predictors, two matched controls for each patient were used and disease related variables as CVD predictors. Results. The SIR for a CVE was 1.27 (95% CI 0.82-1.87) and for females separately aged 40-49 years was 8.00 (95% CI 1.65-23.38). The overall SIR for MI was 2.31 (95% CI 1.34-3.7), for females overall was 1.75 (95% CI 0.84-3.22) and for females aged between 40 and 49 years was 8.7 (95% CI 1.1-31.4). The time to an event was significantly shorter among SLE patients (p<0.001) and was predicted by hypertension adjusted for smoking and disease. High SLEDAI and anti-cardiolipin IgG antibodies predicted an event in Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age and previous MI. Diabetes, smoking ever and sex did not affect the prediction models. Conclusion. The risk of a CVE, or MI, was eight-or nine-fold greater among middle-aged female SLE patients. Time to event was significantly shorter and CVE was associated with SLE-related factors including hypertension and age. Lupus (2012) 21, 452-459.
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| 20. |
- Bengtsson, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Medication on Microvascular Vasodilatation in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- 2010
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Ingår i: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 1742-7843 .- 1742-7835. ; 107:6, s. 919-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the microvascular responses in the skin, to local heat, iontophoretically administered acetylcholine and to sodium nitroprusside in relation to cardiovascular damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and matched controls. We also wanted to examine if the ongoing medication in SLE patients influenced this vascular response. We investigated 30 women with SLE and compared them with 20 age and sex-matched controls. The cutaneous blood flow response to local heat (+44 degrees C), iontophoretically administered endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine), as well as independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilatation, was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Clinical data and medication were retrieved from the clinical database and patient records. The cutaneous microvascular reactivity did not differ between SLE patients and a group of matched controls nor did it correlate with cardiovascular damage [assessed by Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SLICC/ACR-DI)]. However, patients on antimalarial drugs (hydroxychloroquine n = 8 and chloroquine diphosphate n = 3) responded more strongly to sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent vasodilatation) compared with those without antimalarial drugs (p < 0.01). The response to acetylcholine was higher among patients on warfarin compared with those without (p < 0.05), whereas glucocorticoid use (>= 5 mg daily) was associated with reduced response to acetylcholine (p < 0.05). Smokers in general tended to have a lower response to acetylcholine (p = 0.064). Smoking SLE patients versus non-smoking SLE patients had a significantly lower response to acetylcholine (p = 0.01). Medication with antimalarial drugs-enhanced endothelium-independent vasodilatation, while glucocorticoid use was associated with reduction and warfarin-treatment with enhancement of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Therefore, despite there is no difference in microvascular endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, other factors such as medication and smoking may affect vasodilatation in SLE patients.
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| 21. |
- Bengtsson, Ders, et al.
(författare)
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Selective antibody reactivity with peptides from human endogenous retroviruses and nonviral poly(amino acids) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
- 1996
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Ingår i: Arthritis and Rheumatism. - : Wiley. - 0004-3591 .- 1529-0131. ; 39:10, s. 1654-1663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To investigate antibody responses to a broad panel of peptides derived from human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) among unselected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. In sera obtained from 69 patients with SLE and healthy blood donors, immunoassay was used to measure levels of antibody against synthetic peptides derived from HERVs, exogenous retroviruses, and nonviral poly(amino acids). Results. Measurement by immunoassay revealed increased frequencies of antiretroviral antibodies against 2 peptides derived from the env gene of the type C-like class, which includes ERV-9 and HERV-H, and against 2 peptides from the gag region of human T lymphotropic virus type I-related endogenous sequence 1, in patients with SLE. Antibodies to 2 nonviral peptides, polyhistidine and polyproline, were also overrepresented in patient sera. In 1 patient, longitudinal data obtained over a period of 12 years indicated that the concentrations of certain antiretroviral antibodies varied according to disease activity. Conclusion. Reactivity to certain type C HERV-derived antigens was found among patients with SLE. This reactivity could be explained by increased exposure to cross-reactive epitopes from essentially complete type C HERVs.
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| 22. |
- Bengtsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Trellis coding in a discrete multitone modulation system
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1996 SNRV and NUTEK Conference on Radio Sciences and Telecommunications in Luleå and Kiruna June 3-6, 1996. - Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet. - 9163044552 ; , s. 668-672
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Discrete Multitone (DMT) modulation is a multicarrier technique which makes efficient use of the channel, maximizing the throughput by sending different numbers of bits on different subchannels. The number of bits on each subchannel depends on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of the subchannel. The performance of a DMT system can be further increased by using powerful coding techniques. This paper investigates an implementation of trellis coded modulation in a DMT system intended for transmission over short copper cables, less than 1000m. We suggested trellis code is Wei's 4-dimensional 16-state coder combined with trellis shaping. A single encoder is used which codes across the tones of each DMT-symbol. At a bit error probability of 10-7, the suggested code gains 4-5 dB over uncoded transmission.
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| 23. |
- Bengtsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Methodological study of affine transformations of gene expression data with proposed robust non-parametric multi-dimensional normalization method
- 2006
-
Ingår i: BMC Bioinformatics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2105. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Low-level processing and normalization of microarray data are most important steps in microarray analysis, which have profound impact on downstream analysis. Multiple methods have been suggested to date, but it is not clear which is the best. It is therefore important to further study the different normalization methods in detail and the nature of microarray data in general. Results: A methodological study of affine models for gene expression data is carried out. Focus is on two-channel comparative studies, but the findings generalize also to single- and multi-channel data. The discussion applies to spotted as well as in-situ synthesized microarray data. Existing normalization methods such as curve-fit ("lowess") normalization, parallel and perpendicular translation normalization, and quantile normalization, but also dye-swap normalization are revisited in the light of the affine model and their strengths and weaknesses are investigated in this context. As a direct result from this study, we propose a robust non-parametric multi-dimensional affine normalization method, which can be applied to any number of microarrays with any number of channels either individually or all at once. A high-quality cDNA microarray data set with spike-in controls is used to demonstrate the power of the affine model and the proposed normalization method. Conclusion: We find that an affine model can explain non-linear intensity-dependent systematic effects in observed log-ratios. Affine normalization removes such artifacts for non-differentially expressed genes and assures that symmetry between negative and positive log-ratios is obtained, which is fundamental when identifying differentially expressed genes. In addition, affine normalization makes the empirical distributions in different channels more equal, which is the purpose of quantile normalization, and may also explain why dye-swap normalization works or fails. All methods are made available in the aroma package, which is a platform-independent package for R.
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| 24. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
CEO compensation in venture-backed firms
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Business Venturing. - 0883-9026. ; 26:4, s. 391-411
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- We hypothesize that because fast-growing young companies must raise money in private capital markets that contain significant financing frictions, the CEOs of such firms will be compensated for successful fundraising. Using a sample of 1585 private venture-backed U.S. firms, we find that the cash pay of entrepreneur-CEOs is increasing in both the quantity and quality of financing secured and is more sensitive to successful fundraising the more challenging and difficult is the fundraising task. Successful fundraising also increases the gap between the pay of CEOs and other executives. Finally, we show that while VC financing dilutes the CEO's fractional equity ownership, it increases the dollar value of that ownership.
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| 25. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Changing the Nexus: The Evolution and Renegotiation of Venture Capital Contracts
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. - 0022-1090. ; 50:3, s. 349-375
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the evolution and renegotiation of the cash-flow rights that venture capitalists (VCs) obtain in their portfolio companies. When company performance between financing rounds is poor, subsequent contracts contain stronger VC cash-flow rights, and existing VCs tend to either give new VCs senior claims or forfeit their existing rights altogether. These results are consistent with the importance of financing problems between different VCs and with theory predicting that financing frictions worsen with poor performance. A consequence is that VC cash-flow rights are frequently significantly diluted before exit, implying that VC investments are riskier than previously estimated.
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| 26. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Contract-Specialization in Venture Capital
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy. - 1058-6407.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Real-world financial contracts vary greatly in the combinations of cash flow contingency terms and control rights used. Extant theoretical work explains such variation by arguing that each investor finely tailors contracts to mitigate investment-specific incentive problems. We provide overwhelming evidence from 4,561 venture capital (VC) contracts that this tailoring is over-stated: even though there is broad variation in contracting across VCs, each individual VC tends to specialize, recycling familiar terms. In fact, a VC typically restricts contracting choices to a small set of alternatives: 46% of the time, a VC uses the same exact cash flow contingencies as in one of her previous five contracts. We document specialization in both aggregated downside protection, and in each individual cash flow contingency term. Such specialization remains economically and statistically significant even after controlling for VC and company characteristics. We also find that VCs learn to use new contractual solutions from other VCs in her syndication network. Our findings challenge the traditional premise that each investor selects from the universe of combinations of terms to match an investment's unique contracting problem. Rather, the cumulative evidence indicates that contract-specialization arises because investors better understand payoff consequences of familiar terms, and are reluctant to experiment with unknown combinations.
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| 27. |
- Bengtsson, Ola
(författare)
-
Covenants in Venture Capital Contracts
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Management Science. - 0025-1909. ; 57:11, s. 1926-1943
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This paper studies how covenants are included in contracts between venture capitalists (VCs) and entrepreneurs. I show that VCs hold covenanted veto rights even though they are shareholders who have access to other powerful governance solutions. Unlike bank loans and bonds, venture capital (VC) contracts exhibit considerable variation in their contractual designs. I exploit this variation to confirm the argument that covenants are in place to overcome a conflict of interest that arises from debt-like contractual features of a venture capitalist's preferred stock. In particular, I find that contracts with higher fixed payoffs include 1.6 more covenants than do contracts with lower fixed payoffs. Similarly, VC contracts with no VC board majority requirement include 0.6 more covenants than do contracts that require a VC board majority. Covenants are also more common with older companies and when fewer VCs invest in a round. My findings contribute to both the debt covenant literature and the entrepreneurial finance literature.
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| 28. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Different Problem, Same Solution: Contract-Specialization in Venture Capital
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy. - : Wiley. - 1058-6407. ; 23:2, s. 396-426
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-world financial contracts vary greatly in the combinations of cash flow contingency terms and control rights used. Extant theoretical work explains such variation by arguing that each investor finely tailors contracts to mitigate investment-specific incentive problems. We provide overwhelming evidence from 4,561 venture capital (VC) contracts that this tailoring is overstated: even though there is broad variation in contracting across VCs, each individual VC tends to specialize, recycling familiar terms. In fact, a VC typically restricts contracting choices to a small set of alternatives: 46% of the time, a VC uses the same exact cash flow contingencies as in one of her previous five contracts. We document specialization in both aggregated downside protection, and in each individual cash flow contingency term. Such specialization remains economically and statistically significant even after controlling for VC and company characteristics. We also find that VCs learn to use new contractual solutions from other VCs in her syndication network. Our findings challenge the traditional premise that each investor selects from the universe of combinations of terms to match an investment's unique contracting problem. Rather, the cumulative evidence indicates that contract-specialization arises because investors better understand payoff consequences of familiar terms, and are reluctant to experiment with unknown combinations.
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| 29. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Employee Compensation in Entrepreneurial Companies
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy. - : Wiley. - 1058-6407. ; 22:2, s. 312-340
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the central role played by human capital in entrepreneurship, little is known about how employees in entrepreneurial firms are compensated and incentivized. We address this gap in the literature by studying 18,935 non-CEO compensation contracts across 1,809 privately held venture-backed companies. Our key finding is that employee compensation varies with the degree to which VCs versus founders control the business. We show that relative to founder-controlled firms, VC-controlled firms pay their hired-on (i.e., nonfounder) employees higher cash salaries, provide stronger cash and equity incentives, and have more formal pay policies in place. We also observe that founder employees earn less cash pay and face weaker cash incentives than do hired-on employees, but have stronger equity incentives. We propose that the compensation differences we identify arise because the preferences and capabilities of controlling shareholders significantly influence the quality of the human capital attracted and retained by the firm.
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| 30. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Epifytiska lavar och mossor i bokskog : Utvärdering av miljöövervakning i södra Sverige 2011-2014
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under åren 2011-2014 inventerades 20 arter av lavar och 6 arter av mossor samt trädstrukturer i bokskog i de fyra sydlänen Halland, Kronoberg, Blekinge och Skåne. Metodik och urval av arter samt objekt följer Naturvårdsverkets särskilda undersökningstyp "Epifytiska lavar och mossor i bokskog". Det slumpade urvalet av objekt innefattar såväl skyddade som oskyddade naturvådsintressanta objekt, dock ej vanlig produktionsskog. Målsättningen med miljöövervakningen är att dessa ytor ska återinventeras för att följa tillståd och förädringar i artsammansättningen av epifyter i bokskog.I de olika länen inventerades sammanlagt 120 bokskogar (30 per län) med en total yta av 270 ha. Totalt registrerades 45 611 träd.Samtliga 26 utpekade indikatorarter påträffades. Artrikedomen föefaller vara högst i bokskogar i Halland och västra delen av Kronobergs län, medan sydvästra Skåne utmärker sig som den artfattigaste delen. Detta kan ha klimatologiska orsaker.Det finns ett negativt samband mellan grov bokskog och ett högt artinnehåll i Skåne, dvs. de bokskogar i Skåne som har de i medeltal grövsta bokarna hade det lägsta artantalet. Endast glansfläck Arthonia spadicea och i viss mån stiftklotterlav Opegrapha vermicellifera avviker från dessa generella mönster. Glansfläck uppvisar också ett negativt samband med förekomst av andra inventerade epifyter, dvs. där det finns många träd med glansfläck är det lägre sannolikhet att hitta de andra arterna. Även detta kan vara en följdeffekt av att glansfläck förekommer som rikligast i en trakt där de flesta andra studerade arter (kanske) inte har förutsättningar att finnas. Vidare verkar träd med förekomst av lavar med cyanobakterier som fotobiont ("cyanolavar") vara de som är artrikast.Högstubbar, levande som döda, är de trästrukturer som oftast hyser någon av de eftersökta arterna föjlt av rötade bokar. Objekt med många vitala så kallade normalträd hyser oftast en lägre mångfald av eftersökta epifyter.I denna studie finns ingen statistiskt signifikant skillnad vad gäller förekomst av de undersökta arterna i värdekärnor med eller utan formellt skydd.Metoden tillåter att man inom ramen för inventeringarna följer ytterligare arter vid kommande inventeringar. Man kan utifrån insamlat data göra ytterligare fördjupande analyser över samband mellan artförekomster och olika omvärldsvariabler.Sammantaget görs bedömningen att metodiken fungerar väl. Åtminstone en uppföljande inventering utan metodjusteringar bör utföras för att göra en bedömning av vilka variabler som ger utslag i förädringsanalyser. Förslagsvis görs omdrev med ett intervall på 6 år eller 12 år för att följa perioderna för rapportering till EU gällande utvecklingen för olika Natura 2000-habitat.
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| 31. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethnic matching in the US venture capital market
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Business Venturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0883-9026. ; 30:2, s. 338-354
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We document the role of entrepreneurial founder and venture capital (VC) partner co-ethnicity in shaping investment relationships. Co-ethnicity increases the likelihood that a VC firm invests in a company. Conditional on investment, co-ethnicity strengthens the degree of involvement by raising the likelihood of VC board of director involvement and increasing the size and scope of investment. These results are consistent with trust and social-network based mechanisms. Shared ethnicity in our sample is associated with worse investment outcomes as measured by investment liquidity, however, which our results suggest might stem from looser screening and/or corporate governance. (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Financial Contracts in PIPE Offerings: The Role of Expert Placement Agents
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Financial Management. - : Wiley. - 0046-3892. ; 43:4, s. 795-832
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine how Private Investment in Public Equity (PIPE) contracts allocate contingent cash flow rights between investors and issuers and the role of placement agents in PIPE contract design. Issuers advised by expert agents agree to more investor-friendly terms than issuers advised by nonexpert agents. Expert agents appear to help issuers understand the payoff consequences of negotiable terms. Moreover, expert agents allow issuers to negotiate more attractive pricing when they agree to investor-friendly terms. Issuers earn higher postoffering stock returns when they use expert agents or agree to more investor-friendly terms. These results suggest that the involvement of expert agents is beneficial to PIPE issuers.
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| 34. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Investor abilities and financial contracting: Evidence from venture capital
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Financial Intermediation. - 1096-0473. ; 20:4, s. 477-502
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Using a large, new database of contractual provisions governing the allocation of cash flow rights in venture capital (VC) financings, we investigate how contract design is related to VC abilities to monitor and provide value-added services to the entrepreneur. We find that more experienced VCs, who have superior abilities and more frequently join the boards of their portfolio companies, obtain weaker downside-protecting contractual cash flow rights than less experienced VCs. Several pieces of evidence suggest that this relation is unlikely to be driven by selection effects. The results suggest that VCs with better governance abilities focus less on obtaining downside protections, which entail risk-sharing costs, and more on other aspects of the contract (such as obtaining board representation) during negotiations with entrepreneurs. The results also imply that previous estimates of the amount entrepreneurs pay for affiliation with high-quality VCs are overstated.
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| 35. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Lawyers in Venture Capital Contracting: Theory and Evidence
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Economic Inquiry. - : Wiley. - 1465-7295 .- 0095-2583. ; 52:3, s. 1080-1102
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-world financial contracts are sometimes so complex that it can be difficult to understand their exact payoff consequences. We develop and test a theoretical model of a venture capitalist (VC) negotiating with an entrepreneur who may overweigh or underweigh the payoff consequences of contractual downside protection (DP). A lawyer with expertise in venture capital can inform the entrepreneur about these consequences, but less expert (but otherwise high quality) lawyers cannot. We determine how a VC's decision to include DP is affected by the expected quality of the entrepreneur's project, the entrepreneur's experience, and the VC expertise of his/her legal counsel. We show that the VC's incentive to include unnecessary DP declines in expected project quality. Indeed, for inexperienced entrepreneurs involved with high-quality projects, VCs prefer that the entrepreneur's counsel has VC expertise. This implies that, when negotiating with inexperienced entrepreneurs, VCs who invest in high-quality companies should be more likely to negotiate with entrepreneurs who employ lawyers with VC expertise. We document broad empirical support for the model, and provide evidence against competing explanations.(JEL L24, G24, K12, L14, L24)
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| 36. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Localization in changing environments by matching laser range scans
- 1999
-
Ingår i: 1999 Third European Workshop on Advanced Mobile Robots (Eurobot'99).. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0780356721 ; , s. 169-176
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a novel scan matching algorithm, IDC-S, Iterative Dual Correspondence-Sector, that matches range scans. The algorithm is based on the known Iterative Dual Correspondence, IDC, algorithm which has shown good performance in real environments. The improvement is that IDC-S is able to deal with relatively large changes in the environment. It divides the scan in several sectors, detects and removes those sectors that are changed and matches the scans only using unchanged sectors. IDC-S and other variants of IDC are extensively simulated and evaluated. The simulations show that IDC-S is very robust and can locate in many different kind of environments. We also show that it is possible to effectively combine the existing IDC algorithms with IDC-S, thus obtaining an algorithm that performs very well both in rectilinear as well as nonrectilinear environments, even when changed as much as 65%. © 1999 IEEE.
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| 37. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Localization in changing environments - Estimation of a covariance matrix for the IDC algorithm
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Proceedings 2001 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. Expanding the Societal Role of Robotics in the the Next Millennium (Cat. No.01CH37180). - Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE. - 0780366123 ; , s. 1931-1937
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously we have presented a new scan-matching algorithm, based on the IDC - Iterative Dual Correspondence- algorithm, which showed a good localization performance even in the case of severe changes in the environment. The Problem of the IDC-algorithm is that there is no good way to estimate the covariance matrix of the position estimate, which prohibits an effective fusion with other position estimates from other sensors, e.g by means of the Kalman filter. In this paper we present a new way to estimate the covariance matrix, by estimating the Hessian matrix of the error function that is minimized by the IDC scan-matching algorithm. Simulation results show that the estimated covariance matrix correspond well to the real one.
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| 38. |
- Bengtsson, Ola
(författare)
-
Miljöövervakning av lavar och mossor i skånska bokskogar 2011-2014
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Följande arbete ingår i Länsstyrelsens löpande miljöövervakningsarbete och utgör en del av delprogrammet kryptogamer i ädellövskog under miljömålet Levande skogar. Arbetet med inventering av kryptogamer i bokskogar i Skåne mellan 2011 och 2014 har genomförts av Pro Natura på uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen i Skåne län.30 stycken bokskogsområden – skyddade eller avsatta som nyckelbiotop eller objekt med naturvärde – valdes slumpmässigt ut i länet. I områden mindre än tre hektar inventerades hela området men i de områden som var större än tre hektar slumpades ett antal inventeringsytor ut vars areal tillsammans uppgick till tre hektar. I de ytor som undersöktes inventerades sedan samtliga ädellövträd med en stamomkrets större än 60 cm (eller för avenbok större än 50 cm). Varje träd mättes in med handhållen GPS, försågs med uppgifter avseende omkrets, trädslag och trädtyp. På varje trädstam eftersöktes dessutom de lavar och mossor som listas i bilaga 1.De inventerade bokskogsobjekt är utspridda över större delen av Skåne. Objektens läge framgår av översiktskarta i samband med objektsbeskrivningarna nedan. Sammanlagt undersöktes 70,7 hektar och på denna areal inventerades 12 203 träd. Genomsnittlig täthet av träd i de inventerade bokskogarna blir då 172,6 träd/hektar. På inventerade träd gjordes sammanlagt 3166 artnoteringar. De vanligaste arterna var glansfläck Arthonia spadicea, havstulpanlav Thelotrema lepadinum, platt fjädermossa Neckera complanata och bokvårtlav Pyrenula nitida.Arterna uppvisar ett hierarkiskt förekomstmönster där vissa arter förekommer på i stort sett alla lokaler medan andra, mer ovanliga arter endast förekommer på de allra artrikaste lokalerna. Glansfläck förekommer på alla utom tre av lokalerna medan arter som lunglav Lobaria pulmonaria, bokfjädermossa Necekera pumila eller rosa lundlav Bacidia rosellabara noterats på de artrikare lokalerna.Noterade arter uppvisar också ett geografiskt förekomst mönster. Med hjälp av en så kallad IDW-analys konstruerades en länskarta med totalt antal noterade arter per undersökt områdena som underlag. Denna karta visar tydligt den nordöstra delen av länet som ett mycket viktigt område för bokskogsanknutna mossor och lavar. Även Romeleåsen och regionen öster om Hörby faller ut som sådana områden. Andra regioner med intressant moss- och lavflora finns i länet men faller inte ut i den gjorda analysen på grund av slumpmässiga effekter.De inventerade objekten bedömdes under den beskrivande delen med avseende på lämplighet att hysa de utvalda bokarterna samt lämplighet för att ingå i framtida övervakningsinsatser. Arton av de trettio undersökta objekten bedömdes hysa lämpliga förutsättningar för de utvalda arterna. För nio objekt där förutsättningarna inte bedömdes lämpliga var anledningen i första hand en artfattig artpool i landskapet och/eller hög belastning av luftburet kväve. Tre objekt bedömdes som tveksamma. I dessa fanns som regel en lämplig beståndsstruktur men artpool i landskapet eller grad av isolering kan här påverka förutsättningarna. Tjugoen av trettio objekt bedömdes lämpliga för framtida övervakning. För de sju objekt som bedömdes som mindre lämpliga grundades bedömningen dels på framtida förutsättningar för att hysa utvalda arter. Två objekt bedömdes som tveksamma antingen på grund av problem vid inmätning av träd eller tveksamma förutsättningar för utvalda bokarter.
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| 39. |
- Bengtsson, Ola
(författare)
-
Relational venture capital financing of serial founders
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Financial Intermediation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0473 .- 1042-9573. ; 22:3, s. 308-334
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I study how often and why a serial founder receives financing for his new company from a venture capital (VC) firm that also invested in his previous company. One in 10 VC investments leads to a repeated relationship and one in three serial founders enters into a repeated relationship with any previous VC firm. A repeated relationship is more likely when the relational VC firm has acquired more private information about the founder, but less likely if the founder's new venture has a bad fit with the VC firm's geographic or industry focus. My findings add to the literature on relational financing by showing that the preservation of information is an important motivation for relational financing when screening and monitoring costs are high. Yet, repeated relationships are discontinued because investors also respond to information problems by specializing in certain types of firms. Finally, I find evidence of non-relational investments being passed onto trusted VC syndication partners. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 40. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
-
Robot localization based on scan-matching - estimating the covariance matrix for the IDC algorithm
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Robotics and Autonomous Systems. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0921-8890 .- 1872-793X. ; 44:1, s. 29-40
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously presented a new scan-matching algorithm based on the IDC (iterative dual correspondence) algorithm, which showed a good localization performance even in environments with severe changes. The problem of the IDC algorithm is that there is no good way to estimate a covariance matrix of the position estimate, which prohibits an effective fusion with other position estimates of other sensors. This paper presents two new ways to estimate the covariance matrix. The first estimates the covariance matrix from the Hessian matrix of the error function minimized by the scan-matching algorithm. The second one, which is an off-line method, estimates the covariance matrix of a specific scan, from a specific position by simulating and matching scans around the position. Simulation results show that the covariance matrix provided by the off-line method fully corresponds with the real one. Some preliminary tests on real data indicate that the off-line method gives a good quality value of a specific scan position, which is of great value in map building.
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| 41. |
- Bengtsson, Ola
(författare)
-
Robust self-localization of mobile robots in dynamic environments using scan matching algorithms
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The most fundamental task for any mobile robot is to perform self-localization in the world in which it is currently active, i.e. determine its position relative its world. Encoders that count wheel rotations are often used, which can be turned into relative position estimates by mean of integration. This process is commonly referred to as dead reckoning. Unfortunately, the errors in such position estimates grow over time due to the underlying measurements errors, which means that the errors in the dead reckoning estimates must be regularly corrected by absolute postion estimates provided by other sensors. The goal of this thesis is to evaluate the possibilities of using so called scan mathing algorithms for robust position estimation of a mobile robot, especially in environments that change over time. A scan is a set o range measurements of the environment provided by e.g. a laser scanner. By comparing a scan taken at the actual poition of the robot with a scan previously taken and stored in a map of the environment, an estimate of the absolute position of the robot can be obtained. It is important that scan matching algorithms are robust against changes in the environments, are robust against different types of environments and can judge their own results.The main contributions of the thesis are threefold. First, two new sector-based scan matching algorithms are presented that are based on two existing scan-matching algorithms known as the Cox's and IDC algorithm. The sector-based variants, Cox-S and IDC-S, increase the performance of the existing algorithms, especially in environments containing severe changes. Second, two new methods are presented for estimating the uncertainty of the IDC algorithm. These methods improve the self-judgment of the IDC and IDC-S significantly, as the existing method for estimating the uncertainty was not reliable. Third, the new sector-based scan matching algorithms are evaluated and compared to the existing algorithms on the basis of simulations and real world experiments made with two different mobile robots. The experiments focus on the performance of the algorithms in hanging environments, and on their performance as part of a complete loalization system, i.e. fusing the outcome with dead reckoning. The experiments show a clear advantage of using sector-based scan matching algorithms in terms of increased robustness against changed environments. The experiments show that use especially of a combination of the two sector based algorithms Cox-S and IDC-S, while also using the new method for estimating the uncertainty of the IDC-S, achieves significantly better performance in changing environments compared to the existing algorithms.
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| 42. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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SEC enforcement in the PIPE market: Actions and consequences
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Banking & Finance. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6372 .- 0378-4266. ; 42, s. 213-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2002, the SEC launched enforcement actions against investors involved in PIPE (Private Investments in Public Equity) transactions. We describe the legal ramifications of this enforcement initiative, and document dramatic contemporaneous market-wide changes in the contractual structure of PIPEs. PIPEs in the post-action period included fewer aggressive repricing rights and more trading restrictions. However, PIPEs in the post-action period also included more investor protections and fewer issuer rights. These results suggest that the SEC's enforcement enticed investors to substitute non-SEC-targeted contractual features for targeted ones. Our paper sheds new light on the role of legal enforcement on financial contract design. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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What Matters in Venture Capital: Evidence From Entrepreneurs’ Stated Preferences
- 2010
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Ingår i: Financial Management. - 0046-3892. ; 39:4, s. 1367-1401
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- We study how entrepreneurs evaluate the ability of different US venture capitalists (VCs) to add value to start-up companies. Analyzing a large data set of entrepreneurs’ stated preferences regarding VCs, we demonstrate that entrepreneurs view independent partnership VCs more favorably than other VC types (e.g., corporate, financial, and government sponsored VCs). Although entrepreneurs are able to correctly identify VCs with better track records, they do not believe them to be more desirable investors. We also find that an entrepreneur's rankings are affected by their overall exposure to VCs, emphasizing the role of experiential learning in the venture capital market.
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| 46. |
- Bengtsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Övervakning av rikkärr i Västra Götalands län 2011
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 20 slumpmässigt valda rikkärr övervakades 2011. Merparten var medelrikkärr som påverkades av dikning i 26% och av-verkning av närliggande skog i 16%Täckningsgrad för brun-mossor var 14%.
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| 47. |
- Bengtsson, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Det europeiska projektet : Politik och juridik, historia och framtid
- 2013
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Understanding the European Union - where it has its roots and how it works - is not the easiest thing. Nevertheless, it is an absolutely necessary knowledge to acquire in order as an individual to be able to navigate in today's Europe. Understanding the European Union - where it has its roots and how it works - is not the easiest thing. Nevertheless, it is an absolutely necessary knowledge to acquire in order to be able to navigate in today's Europe as an individual.The purpose of this book is to describe, make understandable and analyze the European project - the EU. The book is multidisciplinary in that both historical and legal as well as political science perspectives have guided the layout and presentation. Thanks to these different disciplinary approaches, the book provides a versatile and nuanced picture of the EU's genesis, growth and functioning.The book is divided into four parts covering different aspects of the European Union:- A historical part that gives the European present and the future a foundation to stand on.- A part that describes, analyzes and explains the EU as a political system.- A part with a focus on the EU as a legal system and the EU as a legal system.- A section that addresses and discusses how we should understand the EU's actions in an increasingly globalized world.
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| 48. |
- Bergman, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of sintering parameters on the mechanical performance of PM steels pre-alloyed with chromium
- 2007
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Ingår i: Materials Science Forum. - 0255-5476 .- 1662-9752. ; 534-536, s. 545-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Powder grades pre-alloyed with 1.5-3 wt% chromium are suitable for PM steel components in high performance applications. These materials can be successfully sintered at the conventional temperature 1120 degrees C, although well-monitored sintering atmospheres with low oxygen partial pressures (< 10(-17)-10(-18) atm) are required to avoid oxidation. Mechanical properties of the Cr-alloyed PM grades are enhanced by a higher sintering temperature in the range 1120-1250 degrees C, due to positive effects from pore rounding, increased density and more effective oxide reduction. A material consisting of Astaloy CrM, which is pre-alloyed with 3 wt% Cr and 0.5 wt% Mo, and 0.6 wt% graphite obtains an ultimate tensile strength of 1470 MPa combined with an impact strength of 31 J at density 7.1 g/cm(3), after sintering at 1250 degrees C followed by cooling at 2.5 degrees C/s and tempering.
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| 49. |
- Bjarnegård, Niclas, et al.
(författare)
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Increased aortic pulse wave velocity in middle-aged women with systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2006
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Ingår i: Lupus. - : SAGE Publications. - 0961-2033 .- 1477-0962. ; 15:10, s. 644-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a connective tissue disease where inflammatory activity affects several organ systems. An increased risk of cardiovascular disease has been identified in these patients, even after correction for traditional risk factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics in women with SLE in comparison to controls. Arterial tonometry was used to measure aortic (carotid-femoral) and arm (carotid-radial) pulse wave velocity (PWV), reflected pressure waves, and aortic augmentation index (AIx) in 27 women with SLE (52 to 68 years) and 27 controls. Aortic PWV was higher in women with SLE than controls, 9.8 m/s versus 8.2 m/s (P 0.01), after correction for mean arterial pressure and body mass index, 9.5 m/s versus 8.5 m/s (P 0.05). Other parameters were similar, arm PWV, 8.4 versus 8.5 m/s, AIx 34 versus 33% and calculated central aortic pulse pressure 48 versus 43 mmHg, in SLE and controls, respectively (NS). Aortic PWV was positively associated to C-reactive protein (CRP) and complement factor 3 (C3). Women with SLE have increased stiffness of their elastic central arteries. This may be one factor contributing to the increased cardiovascular risk seen in this cohort.
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| 50. |
- Bjorneboe, John, et al.
(författare)
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Role of illness in male professional football: not a major contributor to time loss
- 2016
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 50:11, s. 699-702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background There are limited data on the nature, type and incidence of illness in football. Previous studies indicate that gastrointestinal and respiratory tract illnesses are most common. Aim To describe the incidence and burden of illness in male professional football. Methods Over the 4-year study period, 2011-2014, 73 professional football teams in Europe participated, with a total of 1 261 367 player-days recorded. All time-loss illnesses were recorded by the medical staff of each club. A recordable illness episode was any physical or psychological symptom (not related to injury) that resulted in the player being unable to participate fully in training or match play. Results A total of 1914 illness episodes were recorded. The illness incidence was 1.5 per 1000 player-days, meaning that, on average, a player experienced an illness episode every second season, with a median of 3 days absence per illness episode. Severe illness (absence amp;gt;4 weeks) constituted 2% of all illnesses. Respiratory tract illness was the most common (58%), followed by gastrointestinal illness (38%). Respiratory tract illness, gastrointestinal illness and cardiovascular illness caused the highest illness burden. Conclusions The illness incidence among male professional football players is low compared with the injury incidence. We found that the highest illness burden was caused by illness to the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system.
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