| 1. |
- Almeida, Joao, et al.
(författare)
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Screening of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with respect to anaerobic growth in non-detoxified lignocellulose hydrolysate.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2976 .- 0960-8524. ; 100, s. 3674-3677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A microplate screening method was used to assess anaerobic growth of 12 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in barley straw, spruce and wheat straw hydrolysate. The assay demonstrated significant differences in inhibitor tolerance among the strains. In addition, growth inhibition by the three hydrolysates differed so that wheat hydrolysate supported growth up to 70%, while barley hydrolysate only supported growth up to 50%, with dilute-acid spruce hydrolysate taking an intermediate position.
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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Daniel, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Increased Mortality Persists after Treatment of Cushing's Disease: A Matched Nationwide Cohort Study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Endocrine Society. - : The Endocrine Society. - 2472-1972. ; 6:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Whether biochemical remission normalizes life expectancy in Cushing's disease (CD) patients remains unclear. Previous studies evaluating mortality in CD are limited by using the expected number of deaths in the background population instead of the actual number in matched controls. Objective and setting: To study mortality by time-to-event analysis in an unselected nationwide CD patient cohort. Design and participants: Longitudinal data from the Swedish Pituitary Register of 371 patients diagnosed with CD from 1991 to 2018 and information from the Swedish Cause of Death Register were evaluated. Four controls per patient (n = 1484) matched at the diagnosis date by age, sex, and residential area were included. Main outcome measures: Mortality and causes of death. Results: The median diagnosis age was 44 years (interquartile range 32-56), and the median follow-up was 10.6 years (5.7-18.0). At the 1-, 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year follow-ups, the remission rates were 80%, 92%, 96%, 91%, and 97%, respectively. Overall mortality was increased in CD patients compared with matched controls [hazard ratio (HR) 2.1 (95% CI 1.5-2.8)1. The HRs were 1.5 (1.02-2.2) for patients in remission at the last follow-up In = 303), 1.7 (1.03-2.8) for those in remission after a single pituitary surgery In = 177), and 5.6 (2.7-11.6) for those not in remission (n = 31). Cardiovascular diseases (32/66) and infections (12/66) were overrepresented causes of death. Conclusions: Mortality was increased in CD patients despite biochemical remission compared to matched controls. The study highlights the importance of careful comorbidity monitoring, regardless of remission status.
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Daniel, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Outcome and MGMT as a Predictive Marker in 24 Patients With Atypical Pituitary Adenomas and Pituitary Carcinomas Given Treatment With Temozolomide
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 100:4, s. 1689-1698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context/Objective: Locally aggressive pituitary tumors (LAPT) and pituitary carcinomas respond poorly to conventional therapy and cytotoxic drugs. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating drug with good tolerability, approved for treatment of malignant gliomas. The experience of its use in pituitary tumors is limited. Design and Setting: We report on 24 patients with aggressive pituitary tumors (16 LAPTs, 8 carcinomas) treated with TMZ for a median of 6 months (range 1-23). Follow-up ranged from 4 to 91 months with a median of 32.5 months. 19/24 tumors were hormone secreting (PRL 9, ACTH 4, GH 4, GH/PRL 2). Ki-67 was 2-50% in LAPTs, and 5-80% in carcinomas. Main Outcome: Response to TMZ and the association with tumor expression of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6, examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: Complete tumor regression occurred in two carcinomas and persisted at follow-up after 48 and 91 months, respectively. Partial regress of tumor mass ranging from 35% to 80% occurred in 5 LAPTs and 2 carcinomas. Another patient with LAPT had a 71% decrease in prolactin levels without change in tumor volume. Three LAPTs could not be evaluated. Median MGMT staining was 9% (5-20%) in responders vs 93% (50-100%) in nonresponders. Loss of MSH2 and MSH 6 was observed in a single patient who had a rapid development of resistance to TMZ. Conclusions: This study shows that TMZ is a valuable treatment option for patients with uncontrolled pituitary tumors. The data suggest that tumoral MGMT staining below 50% is associated with a high likelihood of treatment response.
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Psychotropic Drugs in Patients with Cushing's Disease Before Diagnosis and at Long-Term Follow-Up: A Nationwide Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 106:6, s. 1750-1760
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Psychiatric symptoms are common in Cushing's disease (CD) and seem only partly reversible following treatment. Objective: To investigate drug dispenses associated to psychiatric morbidity in CD patients before treatment and during long-term follow-up. Design: Nationwide longitudinal register-based study. Setting: University Hospitals in Sweden. Subjects: CD patients diagnosed between 1990 and 2018 (N = 372) were identified in the Swedish Pituitary Register. Longitudinal data was collected from 5 years before, at diagnosis, and during follow-up. Four matched controls per patient were included. Cross-sectional subgroup analysis of 76 patients in sustained remission was also performed. Main outcome measures: Data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the Patient Register. Results: In the 5-year period before and at diagnosis, use of antidepressants (odds ratio [OR] 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-3.7]) and 2.3 [1.6-3.5]), anxiolytics [2.9 (1.6-5.3) and 3.9 (2.3-6.6)], and sleeping pills [2.1 (1.2-3.7) and 3.8 (2.4-5.9)] was more common in CD than controls. ORs remained elevated at 5-year follow-up for antidepressants [2.4 (1.53.9)] and sleeping pills [3.1 (1.9-5.3)]. Proportions of CD patients using antidepressants (26%) and sleeping pills (22%) were unchanged at diagnosis and 5-year follow-up, whereas drugs for hypertension and diabetes decreased. Patients in sustained remission for median 9.3 years (interquartile range 8.1-10.4) had higher use of antidepressants [OR 2.0 (1.1-3.8)] and sleeping pills [2.4 (1.3-4.7)], but not of drugs for hypertension. Conclusions: Increased use of psychotropic drugs in CD was observed before diagnosis and remained elevated regardless of remission status, suggesting persisting negative effects on mental health. The study highlights the importance of early diagnosis of CD, and the need for long-term monitoring of mental health.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Ekonomisk ojämlikhet
- 2020
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Ingår i: Vad är ekonomisk historia?.
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Kristofer, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Emergency department overview - Improving the dynamic capabilities using an event-driven information architecture
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging technologies and factory automation (ETFA) 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is challenging to get an overview and understand- ing of what is going on at an emergency department (ED). This is due to the sometimes turbulent work environment and a large variation in patient processes. To increase the dynamic capability and responsiveness of an ED, it is important that the staff and patients have an overview of what is going on and what will happen in the coming hours. This paper presents a smart online support software that shows the current state of the ED as well as a prediction of the coming hours. The software has been developed as a case study of using agile development ideas when developing new systems for hospitals. The result shows that the use of the event-driven information architecture for healthcare (EVAH) enabled a rapid development of a successful running application, helping the nurses getting an overview of current situation and the coming hours.
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, Mariette, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms in different patient groups using the visual analogue scale for irritable bowel syndrome (VAS-IBS)
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Gastroenterology. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-230X. ; 122:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility disorders have a similar clinical picture, although dysmotility disorders require the attention of a specialist. Patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) have also been described to suffer from IBS-like symptoms. No objective marker is available to distinguish between the patients. A visual analogue scale has been developed for IBS patients (VAS-IBS) to measure treatment response of GI symptoms and well-being in patients with IBS. The aim of the present study was to examine if VAS-IBS could be used to compare the degree of GI complaints in different patient populations, to get an objective marker to differentiate between the patients. Methods: The VAS-IBS consists of 7 VAS scales, namely, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, constipation, bloating and flatulence, vomiting and nausea, psychological well-being and the intestinal symptoms’ influence on daily life. Consecutive female patients suffering from IBS, dysmotility disorders and pSS were asked to complete the VAS-IBS questionnaire when visiting the out-patient clinics. In addition, a control population consisting of healthy female volunteers was included. Results: Healthy volunteers had almost no GI symptoms, whereas all 3 patient groups expressed symptoms. There was no statistical significant difference between IBS and dysmotility in any of the scales besides vomiting and nausea (p = 0.044). Except for constipation, patients with pSS had less severe symptoms than the others. Conclusion: The VAS-IBS questionnaire could be used to assess the level of GI symptoms. However, VAS scores do not help the clinicians to differentiate between IBS and other dysmotility disturbances.
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| 9. |
- Bengtsson, Oskar
(författare)
-
Genetic Traits Beneficial for Xylose Utilization by Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments hexoses in lignocellulosic hydrolysates under anaerobic conditions with high rates and ethanol yields. However, S. cerevisiae is naturally unable to utilize the pentose fraction of the hydrolysates. Xylose is the most abundant pentose sugar, and although recombinant S. cerevisiae strains capable of ethanolic xylose fermentation have been obtained through metabolic engineering, there still remains the challenge of transferring the acquired knowledge into an industrial context. The present thesis describes an enhancement of the xylose utilization capability of recombinant S. cerevisiae through several approaches. A series of integrating plasmids was constructed in order to facilitate improvements of the XR-XDH xylose utilization pathway. The aerobic xylose growth rate of recombinant S. cerevisiae was distinctly improved when utilizing the TDH3 promoter for XR expression instead of the ADH1 promoter. Traditionally, xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae with the xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) from Pichia stipitis produce low ethanol yields due to the formation of xylitol by-product, which has been attributed to the different cofactor preferences of the NAD(P)H-dependent XR and the NAD+-dependent XDH. With the purpose of engineering the enzyme towards NADH-preference, the cofactor binding site of P. stipitis XR was altered by site-directed mutagenesis. Native P. stipitis XR and several mutants were kinetically characterized, and the effects of the mutations were investigated in vivo. The K270R mutation enabled increased ethanol yields, decreased xylitol yields and higher xylose consumption rates in anaerobic xylose fermentations. Additionally, traits important for ethanolic xylose fermentation were investigated at the transcriptional level. Four recombinant S. cerevisiae strains with enhanced xylose utilization capabilities were compared with two control strains in a genome-wide transcription analysis. Thirteen genes, with altered expression levels in all improved strains, were singled out for further analysis. It was found that the overexpression of SOL3 and TAL1, and the deletion of YLR042C, MNI1 and RPA49, enhanced the aerobic xylose growth by recombinant S. cerevisiae.
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| 10. |
- Bengtsson, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of common traits in improved xylose-growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae for inverse metabolic engineering.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Yeast. - : Wiley. - 1097-0061 .- 0749-503X. ; 25:11, s. 835-847
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with enhanced xylose growth (TMB3400, C1, C5 and BH42) were compared with two control strains (TMB3399, TMB3001) through genome-wide transcription analysis in order to identify novel targets for inverse metabolic engineering. A subset of 13 genes with changed expression levels in all improved strains was selected for further analysis. Thirteen validation strains and two reference strains were constructed to investigate the effect of overexpressing or deleting these genes in xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae. Improved aerobic growth rates on xylose were observed in five cases. The strains overexpressing SOL3 and TAL1 grew 19% and 24% faster than their reference strain, and the strains carrying deletions of YLR042C, MNI1 or RPA49 grew 173%, 62% and 90% faster than their reference strain.
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| 11. |
- Bengtsson, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Xylose reductase from Pichia stipitis with altered coenzyme preference improves ethanolic xylose fermentation by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) from Pichia stipitis are the two enzymes most commonly used in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains engineered for xylose utilization. The availability of NAD+ for XDH is limited during anaerobic xylose fermentation because of the preference of XR for NADPH. This in turn results in xylitol formation and reduced ethanol yield. The coenzyme preference of P. stipitis XR was changed by site-directed mutagenesis with the aim to engineer it towards NADH-preference. Results: XR variants were evaluated in S. cerevisiae strains with the following genetic modifications: overexpressed native P. stipitis XDH, overexpressed xylulokinase, overexpressed non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and deleted GRE3 gene encoding an NADPH dependent aldose reductase. All overexpressed genes were chromosomally integrated to ensure stable expression. Crude extracts of four different strains overexpressing genes encoding native P. stipitis XR, K270M and K270R mutants, as well as Candida parapsilosis XR, were enzymatically characterized. The physiological effects of the mutations were investigated in anaerobic xylose fermentation. The strain overexpressing P. stipitis XR with the K270R mutation gave an ethanol yield of 0.39 g (g consumed sugars)(-1), a xylitol yield of 0.05 g (g consumed xylose)(-1) and a xylose consumption rate of 0.28 g (g biomass)(-1) h(-1) in continuous fermentation at a dilution rate of 0.12 h(-1), with 10 g l(-1) glucose and 10 g l(-1) xylose as carbon sources. Conclusion: The cofactor preference of P. stipitis XR was altered by site-directed mutagenesis. When the K270R XR was combined with a metabolic engineering strategy that ensures high xylose utilization capabilities, a recombinant S. cerevisiae strain was created that provides a unique combination of high xylose consumption rate, high ethanol yield and low xylitol yield during ethanolic xylose fermentation.
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| 12. |
- Bettiga, Maurizio, et al.
(författare)
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Arabinose and xylose fermentation by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a fungal pentose utilization pathway
- 2009
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Ingår i: Microbial Cell Factories. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2859. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sustainable and economically viable manufacturing of bioethanol from lignocellulose raw material is dependent on the availability of a robust ethanol producing microorganism, able to ferment all sugars present in the feedstock, including the pentose sugars L-arabinose and D-xylose. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a robust ethanol producer, but needs to be engineered to achieve pentose sugar fermentation. Results: A new recombinant S. cerevisiae strain expressing an improved fungal pathway for the utilization of L-arabinose and D-xylose was constructed and characterized. The new strain grew aerobically on L-arabinose and D-xylose as sole carbon sources. The activities of the enzymes constituting the pentose utilization pathway(s) and product formation during anaerobic mixed sugar fermentation were characterized. Conclusion: Pentose fermenting recombinant S. cerevisiae strains were obtained by the expression of a pentose utilization pathway of entirely fungal origin. During anaerobic fermentation the strain produced biomass and ethanol. L-arabitol yield was 0.48 g per gram of consumed pentose sugar, which is considerably less than previously reported for D-xylose reductase expressing strains co-fermenting L-arabinose and D-xylose, and the xylitol yield was 0.07 g per gram of consumed pentose sugar.
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| 13. |
- Börjesson, Stefan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction of quinolone resistant Escherichia coli to Swedish broiler population by imported breeding animals
- 2016
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Ingår i: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 194, s. 74-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During recent years a rapid increase of quinolone resistant Escherichia coli have been noted in the Swedish broiler population, despite the lack of a known selective pressure. The current study wanted to investigate if imported breeding birds could be a source for the quinolone resistant E. coli. The occurrence of quinolone resistant E. coli was investigated, using selective cultivation with nalidixic acid, in grand-parent birds on arrival to Sweden and their progeny. In addition, sampling in hatcheries and empty cleaned poultry houses was performed. Clonality of isolates was investigated using a 10-loci multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). To identify the genetic basis for the resistance isolates were also analysed for occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants and characterization of chromosomal mutations. E. coli resistant to nalidixic acid occurred in grandparent birds imported to Sweden for breeding purposes. Four predominant MLVA types were identified in isolates from grandparent birds, parent birds and broilers. However, resistant E. coli with identical MLVA patterns were also present in hatcheries and poultry houses suggesting that the environment plays a role in the occurrence. Nalidixic acid resistance was due to a mutation in the gyrA gene and no PMQR could be identified. The occurrence of identical clones in all levels of the production pyramid points to that quinolone resistant E. coli can be introduced through imported breeding birds and spread by vertical transmission to all levels of the broiler production pyramid.
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| 14. |
- Casar Borota, Olivera, et al.
(författare)
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Corticotroph Aggressive Pituitary Tumors and Carcinomas Frequently Harbor ATRX Mutations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 106:4, s. 1183-1194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs) are characterized by unusually rapid growth and lack of response to standard treatment. About 1% to 2% develop metastases being classified as pituitary carcinomas (PCs). For unknown reasons, the corticotroph tumors are overrepresented among APTs and PCs. Mutations in the alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) gene, regulating chromatin remodeling and telomere maintenance, have been implicated in the development of several cancer types, including neuroendocrine tumors. Objective: To study ATRX protein expression and mutational status of the ATRX gene in APTs and PCs. Design: We investigated ATRX protein expression by using immunohistochemistry in 30 APTs and 18 PCs, mostly of Pit-1 and T-Pit cell lineage. In tumors lacking ATRX immunolabeling, mutational status of the ATRX gene was explored. Results: Nine of the 48 tumors (19%) demonstrated lack of ATRX immunolabelling with a higher proportion in patients with PCs (5/18; 28%) than in those with APTs (4/30;13%). Lack of ATRX was most common in the corticotroph tumors, 7/22 (32%), versus tumors of the Pit-1 lineage, 2/24 (8%). Loss-of-function ATRX mutations were found in all 9 ATRX immunonegative cases: nonsense mutations (n = 4), frameshift deletions (n = 4), and large deletions affecting 22-28 of the 36 exons (n = 3). More than 1 ATRX gene defect was identified in 2 PCs. Conclusion: ATRX mutations occur in a subset of APTs and are more common in corticotroph tumors. The findings provide a rationale for performing ATRX immunohistochemistry to identify patients at risk of developing aggressive and potentially metastatic pituitary tumors.
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| 15. |
- Costa, Thales H.F., et al.
(författare)
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Demonstration-scale enzymatic saccharification of sulfite-pulped spruce with addition of hydrogen peroxide for LPMO activation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. - : Wiley. - 1932-104X .- 1932-1031. ; 14:4, s. 734-745
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The saccharification of lignocellulosic materials like Norway spruce is challenging due to the recalcitrant nature of the biomass, and it requires optimized and efficient pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis processes to make it industrially feasible. In this study, we report successful enzymatic saccharification of sulfite-pulped spruce (Borregaard's BALI™ process) at demonstration scale, achieved through the controlled delivery of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for the activation of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) present in the cellulolytic enzyme preparation. We achieved 85% saccharification yield in 4 days using industrially relevant conditions – that is, an enzyme dose of 4% (w/w dry matter of substrate) of the commercial cellulase cocktail Cellic CTec3 and a substrate loading of 12% (w/w). Addition of H2O2 and the resulting controlled and high LPMO activity had a positive effect on the rate of saccharification and the final sugar titer. Clearly, the high LPMO activity was dependent on feeding the reactors with the LPMO co-substrate H2O2, as in situ generation of H2O2 from molecular oxygen was limited. These demonstration-scale experiments provide a solid basis for the use of H2O2 to improve enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass at large industrial scale.
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| 16. |
- Garcia Sanchez, Rosa, et al.
(författare)
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Improved xylose and arabinose utilization by an industrial recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain using evolutionary engineering
- 2010
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Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cost-effective fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysate to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires efficient mixed sugar utilization. Notably, the rate and yield of xylose and arabinose co-fermentation to ethanol must be enhanced. RESULTS: Evolutionary engineering was used to improve the simultaneous conversion of xylose and arabinose to ethanol in a recombinant industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying the heterologous genes for xylose and arabinose utilization pathways integrated in the genome. The evolved strain TMB3130 displayed an increased consumption rate of xylose and arabinose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Improved anaerobic ethanol production was achieved at the expense of xylitol and glycerol but arabinose was almost stoichiometrically converted to arabitol. Further characterization of the strain indicated that the selection pressure during prolonged continuous culture in xylose and arabinose medium resulted in the improved transport of xylose and arabinose as well as increased levels of the enzymes from the introduced fungal xylose pathway. No mutation was found in any of the genes from the pentose converting pathways. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that characterizes the molecular mechanisms for improved mixed-pentose utilization obtained by evolutionary engineering of a recombinant S. cerevisiae strain. Increased transport of pentoses and increased activities of xylose converting enzymes contributed to the improved phenotype.
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| 17. |
- Hammar, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Autoantibodies and gastrointestinal symptoms in infertile women in relation to in vitro fertilization
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2393. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prior reports suggest a link between gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gastrointestinal function. The aim of the study was to prospectively investigate women subjected to in vitro fertilization (IVF) using the GnRH analog buserelin, taking into account gastrointestinal symptoms and antibody development against buserelin, GnRH, luteinizing hormone (LH), and their receptors. Methods: Gastrointestinal symptoms were registered by the Visual Analogue Scale for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (VAS-IBS) before and after IVF treatment, and five years later. Health-related quality of life was evaluated by the 36-item Short-Form questionnaire (SF-36). ELISA was used for antibody analyses before and after treatment. Data were compared with women from the general population. Results: In total, 124 patients were investigated before and after IVF, and 62 were re-evaluated after five years. Buserelin treatment led to significant impairment of constipation (p = 0.004), nausea and vomiting (p = 0.035), psychological well-being (p = 0.000), and the intestinal symptoms' influence on daily life (p = 0.027). At 5-year follow-up, abdominal pain was worsened (p = 0.041), but psychological well-being was improved (p = 0.036), compared to prior treatment, and 15% had an observable deterioration in gastrointestinal symptoms. None developed severe dysmotility. Patients had higher prevalence of IgG antibodies against LH (p = 0.001) and its receptor (p = 0.016), and IgM antibodies against the GnRH receptor (p = 0.001) prior treatment compared with controls, but no antibody development was observed after IVF. Conclusion: Patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms during buserelin treatment, and abdominal pain is still increased after five years, but buserelin does not increase antibody formation against GnRH, LH or their receptors.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Jeppsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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The expression of a Pichia stipitis xylose reductase mutant with higher K-M for NADPH increases ethanol production from xylose in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - : Wiley. - 1097-0290 .- 0006-3592. ; 93:4, s. 665-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Xylose fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the introduction of a xylose pathway, either similar to that found in the natural xylose-utilizing yeasts Pichia stipitis and Candida shehatae or similar to the bacterial pathway. The use of NAD(P)H-dependent XR and NAD(+)-dependent XDH from P. stipitis creates a cofactor imbalance resulting in xylitol formation. The effect of replacing the native P. stipitis XR with a mutated XR with increased K-M for NADPH (Kostrzynska et al., 1998: FEMS Microbiol Lett 159:107-112) was investigated for xylose fermentation to ethanol by recombinant S. cerevisiae strains. Enhanced ethanol yields accompanied by decreased xylitol yields were obtained in strains carrying the mutated XR. Flux analysis showed that strains harboring the mutated XR utilized a larger fraction of NADH for xylose reduction. The overproduction of the mutated XR resulted in an ethanol yield of 0.40 g per gram of sugar and a xylose consumption rate of 0.16 g per gram of biomass per hour in chemostat culture (0.06/h) with 10 g/L glucose and 10 g/L xylose as carbon source. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 20. |
- Jorge, Emilio, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Reinforcement learning in real-time geometry assurance
- 2018
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Ingår i: Procedia CIRP. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8271. ; 72, s. 1073-1078
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve the assembly quality during production, expert systems are often used. These experts typically use a system model as a basis for identifying improvements. However, since a model uses approximate dynamics or imperfect parameters, the expert advice is bound to be biased. This paper presents a reinforcement learning agent that can identify and limit systematic errors of an expert systems used for geometry assurance. By observing the resulting assembly quality over time, and understanding how different decisions affect the quality, the agent learns when and how to override the biased advice from the expert software.
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| 21. |
- Kuchcinski, Grégory, et al.
(författare)
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MRI BrainAGE demonstrates increased brain aging in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. - 1663-4365. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease affecting multiple organs in the human body, including the central nervous system. Recently, an artificial intelligence method called BrainAGE (Brain Age Gap Estimation), defined as predicted age minus chronological age, has been developed to measure the deviation of brain aging from a healthy population using MRI. Our aim was to evaluate brain aging in SLE patients using a deep-learning BrainAGE model. Methods: Seventy female patients with a clinical diagnosis of SLE and 24 healthy age-matched control females, were included in this post-hoc analysis of prospectively acquired data. All subjects had previously undergone a 3 T MRI acquisition, a neuropsychological evaluation and a measurement of neurofilament light protein in plasma (NfL). A BrainAGE model with a 3D convolutional neural network architecture, pre-trained on the 3D-T1 images of 1,295 healthy female subjects to predict their chronological age, was applied on the images of SLE patients and controls in order to compute the BrainAGE. SLE patients were divided into 2 groups according to the BrainAGE distribution (high vs. low BrainAGE). Results: BrainAGE z-score was significantly higher in SLE patients than in controls (+0.6 [±1.1] vs. 0 [±1.0], p = 0.02). In SLE patients, high BrainAGE was associated with longer reaction times (p = 0.02), lower psychomotor speed (p = 0.001) and cognitive flexibility (p = 0.04), as well as with higher NfL after adjusting for age (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Using a deep-learning BrainAGE model, we provide evidence of increased brain aging in SLE patients, which reflected neuronal damage and cognitive impairment.
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| 22. |
- Lennartson, Bengt, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling and Optimization of Hybrid Systems
- 2015
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Ingår i: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8963. ; 48:27, s. 351-357
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a predicate transition model for discrete event systems is generalized to include continuous dynamics, and the result is a modular hybrid predicate transition model. Based on this model a hybrid Petri net, including explicit differential equations and shared variables, is also proposed. It is then shown how this hybrid Petri net model can be optimized based on a simple and robust nonlinear programming formulation. The procedure only assumes that desired sampled paths for a number of interacting moving devices are given, while originally equidistant time instances are adjusted to minimize a given criterion. This optimization of hybrid systems is also applied to a real robot station with interacting devices, which results in about 30\% reduction in energy consumption.
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| 23. |
- Lennartson, Bengt, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling and Optimization of Hybrid Systems for the Tweeting Factory
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering. - 1545-5955 .- 1558-3783. ; 13:1, s. 195-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a predicate transition model for discrete-event systems is generalized to include continuous dynamics, and the result is a modular hybrid predicate transition model. Based on this model, a hybrid Petri net including explicit differential equations and shared variables is also proposed. It is then shown how this hybrid Petri net model can be optimized based on a simple and robust nonlinear programming formulation. The procedure only assumes that desired sampled paths for a number of interacting moving devices are given, while originally equidistant time instances are adjusted to minimize a given criterion. This optimization of hybrid systems is also applied to a real robot station with interacting devices, which results in about 30% reduction in energy consumption. Moreover, a flexible online and event-based information architecture called the Tweeting Factory is proposed. Simple messages (tweets) from all kinds of equipment are combined into high-level knowledge, and it is demonstrated how this information architecture can be used to support optimization of robot stations.
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| 24. |
- Lennartson, Bengt, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of hybrid Petri nets with shared variables
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering. - 2161-8070 .- 2161-8089. - 9781467381833 ; 2015-October, s. 1395-1396
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A generalized modeling framework for hybrid systems, including both discrete event and continuous-time dynamics, is presented in this paper. It is based on a new type of hybrid Petri nets, involving both modular structures, discrete shared variables and flexible transition predicates. The continuous-time dynamics is given by local differential equations, in a style similar to hybrid automata. This can be compared with existing hybrid Petri nets, where also the continuous-time dynamics is represented graphically, but then in reality limiting the continuous-time behavior to simple flow processes. The hybrid Petri net proposed in this paper works well for any type of continuous-time dynamics, including even differential inclusions, and the result is a compact, flexible and readable mix of graphical and equation based representations. The proposed modeling framework is also applied to a physical robot cell, where the energy consumption of the robot motions is minimized based on a hybrid Petri net model, easily transformed to a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem. The resulting optimization procedure is shown to reduce the energy consumption of the real robot cell by approximately 50%.
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| 25. |
- Lindelöf, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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A survey of ficolin-3 activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus reveals a link to hematological disease manifestations and autoantibody profile
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Autoimmunity. - : Elsevier. - 0896-8411 .- 1095-9157. ; 143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complement system plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), but most studies have focused on the classical pathway. Ficolin-3 is the main initiator of the lectin pathway of complement in humans, but its role in systemic autoimmune disease has not been conclusively determined. Here, we combined biochemical and genetic approaches to assess the contribution of ficolin-3 to SLE risk and disease manifestations. Ficolin-3 activity was measured by a functional assay in serum or plasma samples from Swedish SLE patients (n = 786) and controls matched for age and sex (n = 566). Genetic variants in an extended 300 kb genomic region spanning the FCN3 locus were analyzed for their association with ficolin-3 activity and SLE manifestations in a Swedish multicenter cohort (n = 985). Patients with ficolin-3 activity in the highest tertile showed a strong enrichment in an SLE cluster defined by anti-Sm/DNA/nucleosome antibodies (OR 3.0, p < 0.001) and had increased rates of hematological disease (OR 1.4, p = 0.078) and lymphopenia (OR = 1.6, p = 0.039). Genetic variants associated with low ficolin-3 activity mapped to an extended haplotype in high linkage disequilibrium upstream of the FCN3 gene. Patients carrying the lead genetic variant associated with low ficolin3 activity had a lower frequency of hematological disease (OR 0.67, p = 0.018) and lymphopenia (OR 0.63, p = 0.031) and fewer autoantibodies (p = 0.0019). Loss-of-function variants in the FCN3 gene were not associated with SLE, but four (0.5 %) SLE patients developed acquired ficolin-3 deficiency where ficolin-3 activity in serum was depleted following diagnosis of SLE. Taken together, our results provide genetic and biochemical evidence that implicate the lectin pathway in hematological SLE manifestations. We also identify lectin pathway activation through ficolin-3 as a factor that contributes to the autoantibody response in SLE.
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| 26. |
- Myrenås, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Clonal spread of Escherichia coli resistant to cephalosporins and quinolones in the Nordic broiler production
- 2018
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Ingår i: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 213, s. 123-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intestinal flora of healthy broilers can contain Escherichia coli resistant to extended spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and fluoroquinolones (FQ), representing a possible public health problem. We investigated the clonal epidemiology of E. coli with reduced susceptibility to ESC or FQ in broilers in three Nordic countries interconnected by a common source of breeding animals. Isolates (n = 319 and n = 132 non-wild type for ESC and FQ, respectively) from Norwegian, Swedish and Icelandic production originated mainly from the intestinal flora of broilers at the age of 20-35 days. Genetic relationships were investigated by ten loci multilocus variable number tandem repeat analyses (MLVA) and representative isolates of inter-Nordic clusters were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Antimicrobial susceptibility data based on minimum inhibitory concentrations was compiled. Approximately one third of the ESC non-wild type isolates, including isolates from all three countries, clustered together. These isolates belonged to sequence type (ST) 38 and contained blaCMY-2. The FQ non-wild type isolates were more genetically diverse, but related isolates occurred in more than one country. MLST typing showed clusters belonging to ST10, ST355, ST349, ST665 and ST93. Our study demonstrated inter-Nordic distribution of E. coli ST38 with blaCMY-2, suggesting clonal proliferation as a contributing factor for spread of ESC resistance in the broiler production. The international trade in breeding material may explain introduction of resistant E. coli. The reason for their success and the success of certain clonal lineages in broiler production not exposed to antimicrobial selection pressure is currently unknown.
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| 27. |
- Nilsson, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased detection of ESBL- or pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli in broiler breeders imported into Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 62:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the spring of 2010, it was discovered that a large proportion of broilers in Sweden were colonized with Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) or plasmid mediated AmpC (pAmpC). It was hypothesized that the high prevalence was due to transfer from an upper level in the production pyramid and sampling upwards in the production pyramid was initiated. From 2010 to 2019, all shipments (n = 122) of broiler breeders were screened on arrival to Sweden for the occurrence of ESBL- or pAmpC-producing E. coli using selective methods. Samples of paper linings from shipments of breeders were cultured on MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime (1 mg/L) after pre-enrichment in either MacConkey broth with cefotaxime (1 mg/L), or from late June 2015 in buffered peptone water without antibiotics. ESBL- or pAmpC-producing E. coli was isolated from 43 (35%) of these. Over the years, the proportion of positive imports have decreased and during 2018 and 2019 all imports were negative. In conclusion, the occurrence of ESBL- or pAmpC-producing E. coli in broiler breeders on arrival to Sweden has decreased. Such bacteria have not been detected in any shipments since 2017.
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| 28. |
- Nilsson, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Vertical transmission of Escherichia coli carrying plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC) through the broiler production pyramid
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-7453 .- 1460-2091. ; 69:6, s. 1497-1500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: In Sweden the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae with transferable resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) is low. However, in broilers ESC-resistant Escherichia coli is common, with a clear dominance of blaCMY-2. Antimicrobials are rarely used in broiler production in Sweden and cephalosporins are never used. Introduction through imported breeding stock and subsequent vertical transmission of the bacteria through the production pyramid could be one explanation for this high prevalence.METHODS: To test this hypothesis, paper linings from imported flocks of grandparent animals were screened for the presence of ESC-resistant E. coli and a positive flock, together with its progeny, was followed longitudinally through the production pyramid using boot swabs. The relationship of isolated ESC-resistant E. coli was investigated using multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA).RESULTS: ESC-resistant E. coli carrying blaCMY-2 was isolated from six out of eight imported flocks of grandparent animals. One clone of E. coli carrying blaCMY-2 occurred in all levels of the production pyramid and in flocks of imported grandparent animals.CONCLUSIONS: E. coli carrying blaCMY-2 is frequently present among grandparent animals imported to Sweden for breeding purposes. The occurrence of one clone in all levels of the production pyramid indicates that its introduction through imported breeding stock and vertical transmission through the production pyramid could be one explanation for the high proportion of Swedish broilers colonized with ESC-resistant E. coli.
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| 29. |
- Riazi, Sarmad, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
A Column Generation-Based Gossip Algorithm for Home Healthcare Routing and Scheduling Problems
- 2019
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering. - 1558-3783 .- 1545-5955. ; 16:1, s. 127-137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Home healthcare (HHC) is a service that dispatches caregivers to people in need of healthcare who live in the home. The task assignment and route generation for caregivers can be formulated as an extension of the well-known vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). Currently, the most successful exact algorithms for VRPTW are based on a framework combining column generation (CG) and branching. Although such methods could be successful for HHC routing and scheduling problem (HHCRSP) as well, fast approximate algorithms are appealing, especially for large problems. In an early version of this paper, we employed a heuristic distributed gossip algorithm to solve HHCRSP. In this paper, we integrate the gossip algorithm with a local solver based on CG, which makes it an effective algorithm for larger problem instances. As it will be shown with extensive numerical experiments, for large problem instances, gossip-CG performs better than the pure CG. Note to Practitioners-The task of routing and scheduling caregivers for HHC providers can be formulated as a mathematical problem that is theoretically challenging to solve to optimality for large-scale problems involving many clients and caregivers. Although extensive research and tools for tackling this problem already exist, in practice, even in developed countries, it is still common to rely on schedules generated manually by staff. What we present in this paper is the summary of our theoretical work on tackling such problems. The benefit of the framework that we propose, the CG-based gossip method, is that it can be preempted at any time if the staff requires to obtain a good schedule as soon as possible. If ample time is available, one can let our algorithm to run for a longer period of time to generate even shorter routes.
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| 30. |
- Riazi, Sarmad, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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A Gossip Algorithm for Home Healthcare Scheduling and Routing Problems
- 2014
-
Ingår i: IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline). - 2405-8963. - 9783902823625 ; 19, s. 10754-10759
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many people in need of care still live in their homes, requiring the caretakers to travel to them. Assigning tasks to nurses (or caretakers) and scheduling their work plans is an NP-hard problem, which can be expressed as a vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) that includes additional problem-specific constraints. In this paper, we propose to solve the Home Healthcare Scheduling and Routing Problem (HHCRSP) by a distributed Gossip algorithm. We also apply an extended version called n-Gossip, which provides the required flexibility to balance optimality versus computational speed. We also introduce a relaxation on the optimality of the underlying solver in the Gossip, which speeds up the iterations of the Gossip algorithm, and helps to quickly obtain solutions with good quality.
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| 31. |
- Riazi, Sarmad, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
Decomposition and distributed algorithms for home healthcare routing and scheduling problem
- 2017
-
Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, ETFA. - 1946-0759 .- 1946-0740. ; , s. 1-7
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many people in need of care still live in their homes, requiring the caretakers to travel to them. Assigning the people to caretakers and generating their schedules can be formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem (MILP) that inherits many features of the well-known vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). Currently, the most successful exact algorithms for VRPTW are based on branch and price framework, which combine column generation (CG) and branching. While these methods could be successful for Home Healthcare Routing and Scheduling Problem (HHCRSP) as well, fast approximate algorithms are appealing, especially for large problems. We recently employed a heuristic distributed gossip algorithm to solve HHCRSP. The method had the potential to provide approximate solutions for relatively large problem instances, but its effectiveness was limited to the performance of its local MILP solver. In this paper, we integrate the gossip algorithm with a local solver based on CG, which makes it an effective algorithm for larger problem instances. We also provide numerical experiments and complexity evaluations of the improved gossip algorithm (gossip-CG) with the standard gossip (gossip-MILP) and CG, and show that gossip-CG outperforms the pure CG in case of large problems.
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| 32. |
- Riazi, Sarmad, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy and peak-power optimization of existing time-optimal robot trajectories
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering. - 2161-8070 .- 2161-8089. - 9781509024094 ; 2016-November, s. 321-327
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper, as an outcome of the EU project AREUS, heralds an optimization procedure that reduces up to 30% of energy consumption and up to 60% of peak-power for the trajectories that were tested on a real industrial robot. We have evaluated a number of cost functions and examined our algorithm for a variety of scenarios such as varying cycle times and single/two-robot cases. The significance of our work is not only in the impressive savings, simplicity of implementation and preserving path and cycle time, but also in the effort made to carry out the optimization and experiments in as realistic conditions as possible.
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| 33. |
- Riazi, Sarmad, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy and Peak Power Optimization of Time-Bounded Robot Trajectories
- 2017
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering. - 1558-3783 .- 1545-5955. ; 14:2, s. 646-657
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper, as an outcome of the EU project AREUS, heralds an optimization procedure that reduces up to 30% of energy consumption and up to 60% in peak power for the trajectories that have been tested on real industrial robots. We have evaluated a number of cost functions and tested our algorithm for a variety of scenarios such as varying cycle times, payloads, and single/multirobot cases in both ac- and dc-operated robot cells. The significance of our work is not only in the impressive savings, simplicity of implementation, and preserving path and cycle time, but also in the variety of test scenarios that include different kinds of KUKA robots. We have carried out the optimization and experiments in as realistic conditions as possible.
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| 34. |
- Riazi, Sarmad, 1986, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy and Peak-power Optimization of Time-bounded Robot Trajectories
- 2017
-
Ingår i: 2017 13TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (CASE). - 2161-8070. - 9781509067817 ; , s. 1301-1301
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper, as an outcome of the EU project AREUS, heralds an optimization procedure that reduces up to 30% of energy consumption and up to 60% in peak-power for the trajectories that were tested on a real industrial robot. We have evaluated a number of cost functions and tested our algorithm for a variety of scenarios such as varying cycle times, payloads, and single/two-robot cases. The significance of our work is not only in the impressive savings, simplicity of implementation and preserving path and cycle time, but also in the effort made to carry out the optimization and experiments in as realistic conditions as possible, and the guidelines we provide to achieve this.
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| 35. |
- Riazi, Sarmad, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Optimization of Multi-robot Systems
- 2015
-
Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering. - 2161-8070 .- 2161-8089. - 9781467381833 ; 2015-October, s. 1345-1350
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an optimization algorithm that has been able to save up to 45% of the energy consumption of an industrial multi-robot system. The tool Sequence Planner now includes these algorithms, focusing on minimizing energy consumption. The goal has been to reduce the energy consumption of individual robots and robots interacting in a work station, without changing the original paths or the total cycle time. The presented algorithms are based on an efficient and rapid nonlinear model for optimizing the sequences of operations and the motion trajectories. Smart simplification of the optimization problem together with innovative tools for logging data and executing the optimized trajectories on real robots has resulted in 18% to 45% saving of the energy consumption in the presented test scenarios.
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| 36. |
- Skorupa Parachin, Nadia, et al.
(författare)
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The deletion of YLR042c improves ethanolic xylose fermentation by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Yeast. - : Wiley. - 1097-0061 .- 0749-503X. ; 27, s. 741-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a recent study combining transcriptome analyses of a number of recombinant laboratory and industrial S. cerevisiae strains with improved xylose utilization and their respective control strains, the ORF YLR042c was identified as a downregulated gene and it was shown that the gene deletion improved aerobic growth on xylose in the tested strain background. In the present study, the influence of deleting YLR042c on xylose fermentation was investigated in two different xylose-fermenting strains: TMB3001, which expresses genes from the initial xylose catabolizing pathway, including heterologous xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) and endogenous xylulokinase (XK); and TMB3057, which, in addition to the initial xylose catabolizing pathway, overexpresses the endogenous genes encoding the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway enzymes. The deletion of YLR042c led to improved aerobic growth on xylose in both strain backgrounds. However, the effect was more significant in the strain with the poorer growth rate on xylose (TMB3001). Under anaerobic conditions, the deletion of YLR042c increased the specific xylose consumption rate and the ethanol and xylitol yields. In strain TMB3057, xylose consumption was also improved at low concentrations and during co-fermentation of xylose and glucose. The effect of the gene deletion and overexpression was also tested for different carbon sources. Altogether, these results suggest that YLR042c influences xylose and the assimilation of carbon sources other than glucose, and that the effect could be at the level of sugar transport or sugar signalling. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 37. |
- Zervides, Kristoffer A, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light concentrations reflect neuronal damage in systemic lupus Erythematosus
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2377. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Neuronal damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is common, but the extent and mechanisms are unclear. Neurofilament light (NfL) concentrations rise in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during neuronal damage in various neurological disorders. In this cross-sectional study, plasma and CSF concentrations of NfL were explored as a marker of neuronal damage in SLE.METHODS: Seventy-two consecutive SLE out-patients and 26 healthy controls, all female, aged < 55 years, underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neurocognitive testing. NfL concentrations in plasma from all individuals and in CSF from 32 patients were measured with single-molecule array technology. Patients were assessed by a rheumatologist and neurologist to define neuropsychiatric involvement (NPSLE) according to three attribution models: SLICC A, SLICC B and ACR.RESULTS: Plasma and CSF NfL concentrations correlated strongly (r = 0.72, p < 0.001). Both NPSLE and non-NPSLE patients in all attribution models had higher plasma NfL concentrations compared with healthy controls (log-NfL, pg/ml, mean (SD); healthy controls (0.71 (0.17)); SLICC A model: NPSLE (0.87 (0.13), p = 0.003), non-NPSLE (0.83 (0.18), p = 0.005); SLICC B model: NPSLE (0.87 (0.14), p = 0.001), non-NPSLE (0.83 (0.18), p = 0.008); ACR model: NPSLE (0.86 (0.16), p < 0.001), non-NPSLE (0.81 (0.17), p = 0.044)). Plasma and CSF NfL concentrations did not differ between NPSLE and non-NPSLE patients. Higher plasma NfL concentrations correlated with larger CSF volumes on MRI (r = 0.34, p = 0.005), and was associated with poorer cognitive performance in the domains of simple attention, psychomotor speed and verbal memory. SLICC/ACR-Damage Index ≥1 was independently associated with higher plasma NfL concentrations (β = 0.074, p = 0.038). Higher plasma creatinine concentrations, anti-dsDNA-positivity, low complement C3 levels, or a history of renal involvement were associated with higher plasma NfL concentrations (β = 0.003, p = 0.009; β = 0.072, p = 0.031; β = 0.077, p = 0.027; β = 0.069, p = 0.047, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Higher plasma NfL concentrations in NPSLE and non-NPSLE patients may indicate a higher degree of neuronal damage in SLE in general, corresponding to cognitive impairment and organ damage development. Furthermore, our results may indicate a higher degree of neuronal breakdown in patients with active SLE, also without overt clinical symptoms. NfL may serve as an indicator of neuronal damage in SLE in further studies.
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| 38. |
- Öhgren, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of glucose and xylose in steam-pretreated corn stover at high fiber content with Saccharomyces cerevisiae TMB3400
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4863 .- 0168-1656. ; 126:4, s. 488-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two main sugars in the agricultural by-product corn stover are glucose and xylose. Co-fermentation of glucose and xylose at high content of water-insoluble solids (WIS) without detoxification is a prerequisite to obtain high ethanol concentration and to reduce production costs. A recombinant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, TMB3400, was used in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of whole pretreated slurry of corn stover at high WIS. TMB3400 co-fermented glucose and xylose with relatively high ethanol yields giving high final ethanol concentration. The ethanol productivity increased with increasing concentration of pretreatment hydrolysate in the yeast production medium and when SSF was performed in a fed-batch mode.
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