| 1. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Palmer, Nicholette D, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association search for type 2 diabetes genes in African Americans.
- 2012
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Ingår i: PloS one. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:1, s. e29202-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- African Americans are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) yet few studies have examined T2DM using genome-wide association approaches in this ethnicity. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with T2DM in the African American population. We performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using the Affymetrix 6.0 array in 965 African-American cases with T2DM and end-stage renal disease (T2DM-ESRD) and 1029 population-based controls. The most significant SNPs (n = 550 independent loci) were genotyped in a replication cohort and 122 SNPs (n = 98 independent loci) were further tested through genotyping three additional validation cohorts followed by meta-analysis in all five cohorts totaling 3,132 cases and 3,317 controls. Twelve SNPs had evidence of association in the GWAS (P<0.0071), were directionally consistent in the Replication cohort and were associated with T2DM in subjects without nephropathy (P<0.05). Meta-analysis in all cases and controls revealed a single SNP reaching genome-wide significance (P<2.5×10(-8)). SNP rs7560163 (P = 7.0×10(-9), OR (95% CI) = 0.75 (0.67-0.84)) is located intergenically between RND3 and RBM43. Four additional loci (rs7542900, rs4659485, rs2722769 and rs7107217) were associated with T2DM (P<0.05) and reached more nominal levels of significance (P<2.5×10(-5)) in the overall analysis and may represent novel loci that contribute to T2DM. We have identified novel T2DM-susceptibility variants in the African-American population. Notably, T2DM risk was associated with the major allele and implies an interesting genetic architecture in this population. These results suggest that multiple loci underlie T2DM susceptibility in the African-American population and that these loci are distinct from those identified in other ethnic populations.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hosseini, Seyyed Hasan, et al.
(författare)
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Kombinerade X-bandsanläggningar som väderradar : Jämförelse med etablerade metoder för regnmätning
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this research report, a new methodology has been developed in order to integrate several X-band radar data sets in to one complete set. Furthermore, a direct and an indirect evaluation have been conducted compared to stationary rain gauges and C-band radar. In the indirect analysis, the input data sets were integrated into runoff models for Ellinge and Lundåkra WWTP where the results were compared to measured incoming flow to the sewage plants.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bengtsson, Fia, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental drivers of Sphagnum growth in peatlands across the Holarctic region
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 109:1, s. 417-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relative importance of global versus local environmental factors for growth and thus carbon uptake of the bryophyte genusSphagnum-the main peat-former and ecosystem engineer in northern peatlands-remains unclear. We measured length growth and net primary production (NPP) of two abundantSphagnumspecies across 99 Holarctic peatlands. We tested the importance of previously proposed abiotic and biotic drivers for peatland carbon uptake (climate, N deposition, water table depth and vascular plant cover) on these two responses. Employing structural equation models (SEMs), we explored both indirect and direct effects of drivers onSphagnumgrowth. Variation in growth was large, but similar within and between peatlands. Length growth showed a stronger response to predictors than NPP. Moreover, the smaller and denserSphagnum fuscumgrowing on hummocks had weaker responses to climatic variation than the larger and looserSphagnum magellanicumgrowing in the wetter conditions. Growth decreased with increasing vascular plant cover within a site. Between sites, precipitation and temperature increased growth forS. magellanicum. The SEMs indicate that indirect effects are important. For example, vascular plant cover increased with a deeper water table, increased nitrogen deposition, precipitation and temperature. These factors also influencedSphagnumgrowth indirectly by affecting moss shoot density. Synthesis. Our results imply that in a warmer climate,S. magellanicumwill increase length growth as long as precipitation is not reduced, whileS. fuscumis more resistant to decreased precipitation, but also less able to take advantage of increased precipitation and temperature. Such species-specific sensitivity to climate may affect competitive outcomes in a changing environment, and potentially the future carbon sink function of peatlands.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Improved performance in silicon enzyme microreactors obtained by homogeneous porous silicon carrier matrix
- 2002
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Ingår i: Talanta. - 1873-3573. ; 56:2, s. 341-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The catalytic performance of porous silicon (PS) micro enzyme reactors (muIMER) is strongly dependent on the PS matrix morphology for enzyme immobilisation. PS was achieved in the muIMER by anodisation in a HF-ethanol mixture. PS etching of structured silicon surfaces commonly results in an inhomogeneous pore formation. The deep channel microreactors described herein have previously suffered from these phenomena, yielding non-optimised muIMERs. In order to obtain a homogeneous PS layer on the deep microreactor channel walls, different reactor geometries (channel wall thicknesses of 50 and 75 mum) were anodised at 10 and 50 mA cm(-2) for anodisation times ranging between 0 and 50 min. The muIMERs were evaluated by immobilising two types of enzymes, glucose oxidase (GOx) and trypsin, and the resulting catalytic turnover was monitored by a colorimetric assay. It was found that reactors with a homogeneous PS matrix displayed improved performance. The trypsin muIMERs were used to digest a protein, beta-casein, in an on-line format and the digest was analysed by MALDI-TOF MS. The importance of tailoring the muIMER geometry and the PS-matrix is crucial for the protein digestion. Successful protein identification after only 12 s. digestion was demonstrated for the best reactor, 75 mum channel wall, 25 mum channel width, anodised at 50 mA cm(-2) for 10 min. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bengtsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Leaving the Labor Market Early in Sweden – Learning from InternationalExperience
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is a challenge for politics that an aging population leads to demands that the retirement age is increasing while not everyone is able to work to such a higher age. Sweden, like other countries, has several options for early exit from the labour market. However, the regulations have become more restrictive in the last decade and early retirement usually leads to a lower pension. In this article, we map options for early retirement in other countries. We have found five main types that all have both advantages and disadvantages. There are also problems with integrating them into the Swedish pension system.
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| 11. |
- Bengtsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Lämna arbetsmarknaden tidigt– internationella erfarenheter
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; 50:3, s. 19-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det är en utmaning för politiken att en åldrande befolkning leder till krav påatt pensionsåldern ska bli högre samtidigt som alla inte förmår att arbeta tillen sådan högre ålder. Sverige har i likhet med andra länder flera möjlighetertill tidigt utträde. Regelverket har dock blivit mer restriktivt under det senastedecenniet och tidigt utträde leder oftast till lägre pension. I artikeln kartlägger vimöjligheter till tidig pensionering i andra länder. Vi har funnit fem huvudtypersom alla har bådefördelar och nackdelar. Det finns också problem vad gäller attintegrera dem i det svenska pensionssystemet
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| 12. |
- Bengtsson, Simon, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of aerobic granular sludge with conventional and compact biological treatment technologies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Technology (United Kingdom). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1479-487X .- 0959-3330. ; 40:21, s. 2769-2778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology is growing towards becoming a mature option for new municipal wastewater treatment plants and capacity extensions. A process based on AGS was compared to conventional activated sludge processes (with and without enhanced biological phosphorus removal), an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) by estimating the land area demand (footprint), electricity demand and chemicals’ consumption. The process alternatives compared included pre-settling, sludge digestion and necessary post-treatment to achieve effluent concentrations of 8 mg/L nitrogen and 0.2 mg/L phosphorus at 7°C. The alternative based on AGS was estimated to have a 40–50% smaller footprint and 23% less electricity requirement than conventional activated sludge. In relation to the other compact treatment options IFAS and MBR, the AGS process had an estimated electricity usage that was 35–70% lower. This suggests a favourable potential for processes based on AGS although more available experience of AGS operation and performance at full scale is desired.
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| 13. |
- Bengtsson, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Acidogenic fermentation of industrial wastewaters: Effects of chemostat retention time and pH on volatile fatty acids production
- 2008
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Ingår i: Biochemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-703X. ; 40:3, s. 492-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acidogenic fermentation of wastewater can serve as a first step in a process for mixed culture production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) since the produced volatile fatty acids (VFA) are preferred substrates for PHA production. Acidogenic fermentation of industrial wastewaters (cheese whey permeate and three pulp and paper mill effluents) was evaluated in batch and continuous experiments. From the batch experiments, it was found that for whey and one of the paper mill effluents nearly 100% of the soluble COD was readily fermentable. In continuous chemostat experiments with these two effluents, varying the retention time (RT) and pH of the reactors exhibited significant impact on the amount and composition of VFA produced. Increasing RT resulted in increased degrees of acidification up to a maximum of 0.93 g COD of VFA per g influent SCOD at RT 95 h for whey and 0.75 gCOD/gCOD at RT 24 h for the paper mill effluent. Main fermentation products were acetate, propionate and butyrate. Acetate production was rather insensitive to RT while above RT 10 h a shift from butyrate production to propionate production with increasing RT occurred for both effluents. Increasing pH from 5 to 6 resulted in increased amount of propionate. Based on these findings the possibility of regulating PHA monomer composition and associated polymer properties by controlling RT and pH during acidogenic pretreatment was discussed. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bengtsson, Simon
(författare)
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Falstaff Fakirs Bästa
- 1952
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Ingår i: Samlaren. - Uppsala : Svenska Litteratursällskapet. - 0348-6133 .- 2002-3871. ; N.F. 33, s. 114-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bengtsson, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of Aeration Diffuser System Design : A Simulation Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Engineering (United States). - 0733-9372. ; 149:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of aeration diffuser system design on electricity usage, effluent water quality, and life-cycle cost in biological wastewater treatment was investigated. A plant-wide model was implemented, and simulations were carried out with different process configurations and aeration systems. Model-aided design of new aeration diffuser systems could significantly decrease electricity usage and life-cycle cost while at the same time avoiding negative effects on the treatment performance. The optimum distribution of diffuser systems in tanks in series was found to be influenced by process configuration, volumetric loading rate, temperature, and the internal recirculation flow rate. Compared with a conventional design approach, increasing the number of diffusers, up to a critical point, led to higher energy efficiency and lower life-cycle cost. This was despite an increasing limitation of the minimum airflow rate, leading to dissolved oxygen levels significantly exceeding control targets. Aeration systems optimized by simulations were found to, independently of process configuration, exhibit 20% lower electricity usage and 16%-18% lower life-cycle costs compared with systems designed based on a more conventional approach typically applied in practice.
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| 18. |
- Bengtsson, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of Aeration Diffuser System Design: A Simulation Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of environmental engineering. - : American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). - 0733-9372 .- 1943-7870. ; 149:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of aeration diffuser system design on electricity usage, effluent water quality, and life-cycle cost in biological wastewater treatment was investigated. A plant-wide model was implemented, and simulations were carried out with different process configurations and aeration systems. Model-aided design of new aeration diffuser systems could significantly decrease electricity usage and life-cycle cost while at the same time avoiding negative effects on the treatment performance. The optimum distribution of diffuser systems in tanks in series was found to be influenced by process configuration, volumetric loading rate, temperature, and the internal recirculation flow rate. Compared with a conventional design approach, increasing the number of diffusers, up to a critical point, led to higher energy efficiency and lower life-cycle cost. This was despite an increasing limitation of the minimum airflow rate, leading to dissolved oxygen levels significantly exceeding control targets. Aeration systems optimized by simulations were found to, independently of process configuration, exhibit 20% lower electricity usage and 16%-18% lower life-cycle costs compared with systems designed based on a more conventional approach typically applied in practice.
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| 19. |
- Bengtsson, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by activated sludge treating a paper mill wastewater
- 2008
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2976 .- 0960-8524. ; 99:3, s. 509-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in activated sludge treating wastewater represents an economical and environmental promising alternative to pure culture fermentations. A process for production of PHA from a paper mill wastewater was examined at laboratory scale. The three stage process examined consisted of acidogenic fermentation to convert wastewater organic matter to volatile fatty acids (VFAs), an activated sludge system operating under feast/famine conditions to enrich for PHA producing organisms and accumulation of PHA in batch experiments. After fermentation of the wastewater, 74% of the soluble COD was present as VFA (acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate) and the resulting PHA after batch accumulation consisted of 31-47 mol% hydroxybutyrate and 5369 mol% hydroxyvalerate. The maximum PHA content achieved was 48% of the sludge dry weight and the three stage process exhibited a potential to produce 0.11 kg of PHA per kg of influent COD treated. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Bengtsson, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by glycogen accumulating organisms treating a paper mill wastewater.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Water Science and Technology. - : IWA Publishing. - 0273-1223 .- 1996-9732. ; 58:2, s. 323-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A process for production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by activated sludge treating a paper mill wastewater was investigated. The applied strategy was to select for glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) by alternating anaerobic/aerobic conditions. Acidogenic fermentation was used as pretreatment to convert various organic compounds to volatile fatty acids which are preferable substrates for PHA production. Enrichment resulted in a culture dominated by GAOs related to Defluviicoccus vanus (56%) and Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis (22%). Optimization of PHA accumulation by the enriched GAO culture was performed through batch experiments. Accumulation of PHA under anaerobic conditions was limited by the intracellular glycogen stored. Under aerobic conditions significant glycogen production (to 25% of sludge dry weight) was observed alongside PHA accumulation (to 22% of sludge dry weight). By applying a subsequent anaerobic period after an initial aerobic, the produced glycogen could be utilized for further PHA accumulation and by this strategy PHA content was increased to 42% of sludge dry weight. The PHA yield over the entire process was 0.10 kg per kg of influent COD treated which is similar to what has been achieved with a process applying feast/famine enrichment strategy with the same wastewater.
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| 21. |
- Bengtsson, Simon
(författare)
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Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in biological treatment of industrial wastewaters
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In search of more environmentally friendly polymer materials, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been considered as promising candidates. PHAs exhibit a broad range of material properties, can be produced from renewable resources and are completely biodegradable. Nevertheless, high production costs associated with traditional PHA production based on fermentation by pure microbial cultures have so far limited broad application of these polymers. Therefore, alternative production strategies have been proposed based on the use of open mixed cultures that are selectively enriched by the imposed operating conditions. This does not require sterile conditions and allows for acclimation to various complex waste substrates leading to potential economic and environmental advantages. In this study, a process was developed for production of PHA by mixed cultures (activated sludge) treating industrial wastewaters allowing for PHA as a by-product from the wastewater treatment process. The process comprised of three stages, namely (1) anaerobic acidogenic fermentation to convert various organic matter into volatile fatty acids (VFA), which are preferred substrates for PHA production, (2) enrichment of PHA producing organisms while treating the wastewater under process conditions that were dynamic with respect to either carbon substrate or oxygen and (3) accumulation of PHA from the fermented effluent in the enriched biomass. Lab-scale experiments were conducted in which the process was optimized with respect to polymer productivity (PHA fraction of the biomass, PHA yield over substrate and rate of PHA production) utilizing different wastewaters (pulp/paper mill effluents, cheese whey and sugar cane molasses). Two different strategies for biomass enrichment, namely alternating high and low organic loading under aerobic conditions (feast and famine) versus alternating anaerobic-aerobic conditions, were evaluated and compared. Furthermore, strategies for the control of PHA monomer composition were developed. A paper mill effluent was treated with high (95 %) removal of organic matter (chemical oxygen demand) under feast and famine conditions with production of biomass containing up to 48 % of polymer. PHA was produced containing 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 61 mol % 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) with a yield of 0.66 C-mol PHA per C-mol VFA. By controlling the chemostat retention time (8-95 h) and pH (3.5-6) during acidogenic fermentation of the paper mill effluent and cheese whey, the composition of produced VFAs (mainly acetate, propionate and butyrate) was affected in such a way that the anticipated ratios between 3HB and 3HV would be affected in a broad range (23-100 mol-% 3HV). Alternating anaerobic-aerobic conditions resulted in the enrichment of glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) both with the paper mill effluent and fermented sugar cane molasses as substrate. As determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization, these cultures were dominated by Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis and organisms related to Defluviicoccus vanus. For GAOs treating the paper mill effluent, similar results with respect to PHA biomass content and yield were obtained as with the feast and famine enrichment strategy. For the first time, an open mixed culture was observed to produce PHA containing a medium chain length monomer. This culture was enriched in GAOs using molasses as substrate and exhibited a long-term drift towards production of increased amounts of 3-hydroxyhexanoate, up to 31 mol-% of the PHA. This suggests a broadening of the spectrum of biopolymers that can be produced from fermented waste by open mixed cultures. In order to optimize PHA accumulation in GAOs, the aerobic metabolism of GAOs in presence of VFAs was investigated. It was found that the fate of glycogen was highly dependent on the type of VFA being consumed. With the fermented molasses VFA mixture or synthetic acetate as substrate, glycogen was consumed which was not the case with propionate, butyrate or valerate as substrates. Polymers produced by GAOs were found to have weight average molecular weights between 350 000 and 900 000 g/mol and narrow weight distributions (polydispersity indexes around 2) despite the presence of a mixture of microorganisms. The melting temperature (89°C to 174°C) and melting enthalpy (0 to 82.1 J/g) were controlled in broad ranges by the monomer composition. Decomposition temperatures were between 277.2°C and 294.9°C and independent of monomer composition. Overall, production of PHA as a by-product in biological treatment of industrial wastewaters is feasible. Production of PHA from real wastes can be obtained with high yields and rates using open mixed cultures enriched under either feast and famine conditions or alternating anaerobic-aerobic conditions. Composition of the PHA produced from a wastewater can be affected both by acidogenic pretreatment conditions, which controls the VFA product distribution, and by the enrichment strategy.
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| 22. |
- Bengtsson, Simon
(författare)
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The utilization of glycogen accumulating organisms for mixed culture production of polyhydroxyalkanoates.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - : Wiley. - 1097-0290 .- 0006-3592. ; 104, s. 698-708
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by an open mixed culture enriched in glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) under alternating anaerobic-aerobic conditions with acetate as carbon source was investigated. The culture exhibited a stable enrichment performance over the 450 day operating period with regards to phenotypic behavior and microbial community structure. Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis dominated the culture at between 54 and 70 % of the bacterial biomass throughout the study, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In batch experiments under anaerobic conditions, PHA containing 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 27 mol-% 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) was accumulated up to 49 % of cell dry weight utilizing the glycogen pool stored in the SBR cycle. Under aerobic and ammonia limited conditions, PHA comprising only 3HB was accumulated to 60 % of cell dry weight. Glycogen was consumed during aerobic PHA accumulation as well as under anaerobic conditions, but with different stoichiometry. Under aerobic conditions 0.31 C-mol glycogen was consumed per consumed C-mol acetate compared to 0.99 under anaerobic conditions. Both the PHA biomass content and the specific PHA production rate obtained were similar to what is typically obtained using the more commonly applied aerobic dynamic feeding strategy. (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 23. |
- Bengtsson, Simon, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of municipal wastewater with aerobic granular sludge
- 2018
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Ingår i: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1064-3389 .- 1547-6537. ; 48:2, s. 119-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of municipal wastewaters with aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has been extensively researched in the past decade and has now become a mature option for implementation. Aerobic granules are distinguished from activated sludge flocs through their larger size and more compact and spherical structure. Due to these properties, granules settle rapidly and can therefore contribute to compact treatment processes through high sludge concentrations and short settling times. In this review, the factors that promote granulation in treatment processes are identified and discussed and the experience of municipal wastewater treatment with AGS at laboratory-, pilot-, and full-scale are critically evaluated. The most important factors to promote granulation include exposing the biomass to relatively high concentrations of contaminants in sequencing batch reactors, promoting slow-growing microorganisms and applying a relatively short settling time. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal is preferably integrated with AGS and the large size of the granules makes simultaneous nitrification (at the surface of the granules) and denitrification (at the inner, anoxic parts) feasible. We propose directions for future research including further optimization of AGS to obtain stable and low effluent nutrient concentrations in line with increasingly stringent upcoming effluent demands.
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| 24. |
- Bengtsson, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Övervakning och underhåll av luftarsystem : Tillståndsbaserat underhåll för ökad energieffektivitet på avloppsreningsverk
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här undersökningen är den första i sitt slag där prestandanför använda luftare från svenska avloppsreningsverk har testats.Resultaten visar att både igensättning och åldrande av luftaresker på svenska reningsverk och resulterar i ökad elanvändningför luftning. Samtidigt finns det möjligheter med tillståndsbaseratunderhåll som kan minska den onödiga elanvändningen.Med ökande koldioxidutsläpp och ökande elpriser har energieffektivisering blivit viktigt,inte minst för att uppnå målet om en klimatneutral VA-bransch.I de kommunalaavloppsreningsverken kan luftning av de biologiska bassängerna stå för hälften avreningsverkets totala elanvändning. Internationella studier indikerar att upp till 40 % avdenna elanvändning är onödig och beror på igensättning och åldrande membran. Mende svenska erfarenheterna är begränsade. Att kunskapen är begränsad beror troligenpå att det inte är allmänt känt i VA-Sverige hur prestandan i luftningsanläggningar kanövervakas på bästa sätt, hur rengöring av luftare utförs och hur stor potentialen förbesparingar är.Projektet har undersökt olika membranluftare från sex svenska reningsverk i enspecialbyggd försöksanläggning med renvatten och analyserat deras syreöverföringseffektivitet(SOTE) och tryckfallet över luftarna (DWP).Till skillnad från tidigare studier skilde det här projektet på effekter av åldrande avmembranmaterialet och igensättning av membranen, vilket är avgörande för att kunnavälja rätt underhållsåtgärd. Två metoder för att övervaka luftarnas tillstånd implementeradespå projektdeltagarnas reningsverk. Även om det fanns vissa praktiska utmaningarmed implementeringen så visar resultaten att det är fullt möjligt att övervakaförändringar i SOTE och DWP, antingen genom direkta mätningar eller med beräkningarutifrån befintliga data.Resultaten från renvattenförsöken visade att igensättning framför allt påverkadeDWP (upp till 40 mbar ökning) som därför är en lämplig parameter att övervaka föratt optimera rengöringsintervallet. Åldrande uppvisade däremot en större påverkan påSOTE (upp till 25 % försämring) jämfört med igensättning (upp till 10 % försämring).Sammantaget var de uppmätta effekterna något lägre än vad litteraturen visar.De procentuella värdena ger dock inte den faktiska påverkan på elanvändningen.Därför simulerades de sammanlagda effekterna av åldrande och igensättning i en modell,där underhållsintervallen för rengöring och membranbyte varierades. Slutsatsen varatt det för den specifika modellen var både ekonomiskt och klimatmässigt fördelaktigtmed intensivt underhåll med membranbyte vart femte år i kombination med två rengöringarper år.Rådet från rapportförfattarna är därför att underlätta för nedtömning av bassängeroch membranbyte så att det kan genomföras på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt. Luftarnasprestanda bör övervakas med någon av de föreslagna metoderna. Det är också viktigtatt faktiskt genomföra underhållsåtgärder så ofta som det är ekonomiskt motiverat, därde lokala förutsättningarna påverkar den ekonomiska brytpunkten.
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| 25. |
- Brooks, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid and near real-time assessments of population displacement using mobile phone data following disasters: the 2015 Nepal Earthquake
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plos Currents. - : Public Library of Science. - 2157-3999. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sudden impact disasters often result in the displacement of large numbers of people. These movements can occur prior to events, due to early warning messages, or take place post-event due to damages to shelters and livelihoods as well as a result of long-term reconstruction efforts. Displaced populations are especially vulnerable and often in need of support. However, timely and accurate data on the numbers and destinations of displaced populations are extremely challenging to collect across temporal and spatial scales, especially in the aftermath of disasters. Mobile phone call detail records were shown to be a valid data source for estimates of population movements after the 2010 Haiti earthquake, but their potential to provide near real-time ongoing measurements of population displacements immediately after a natural disaster has not been demonstrated.Methods: A computational architecture and analytical capacity were rapidly deployed within nine days of the Nepal earthquake of 25th April 2015, to provide spatiotemporally detailed estimates of population displacements from call detail records based on movements of 12 million de-identified mobile phones users.Results: Analysis shows the evolution of population mobility patterns after the earthquake and the patterns of return to affected areas, at a high level of detail. Particularly notable is the movement of an estimated 390,000 people above normal from the Kathmandu valley after the earthquake, with most people moving to surrounding areas and the highly-populated areas in the central southern area of Nepal.Discussion: This analysis provides an unprecedented level of information about human movement after a natural disaster, provided within a very short timeframe after the earthquake occurred. The patterns revealed using this method are almost impossible to find through other methods, and are of great interest to humanitarian agencies.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Ekholm, Jennifer, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Case study of aerobic granular sludge and activated sludge—Energy usage, footprint, and nutrient removal
- 2023
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Ingår i: Water Environment Research. - 1061-4303 .- 1554-7531. ; 95:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study demonstrates a comparison of energy usage, land footprint, and volumetric requirements of municipal wastewater treatment with aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and conventional activated sludge (CAS) at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant characterized by large fluctuations in nutrient loadings and temperature. The concentration of organic matter in the influent to the AGS was increased by means of hydrolysis and bypassing the pre-settler. Both treatment lines produced effluent concentrations below 5 mg BOD7 L−1, 10 mg TN L−1, and 1 mg TP L−1, by enhanced biological nitrogen- and phosphorus removal. In this case study, the averages of volumetric energy usage over 1 year were 0.22 ± 0.08 and 0.26 ± 0.07 kWh m−3 for the AGS and CAS, respectively. A larger difference was observed for the energy usage per reduced population equivalents (P.E.), which was on average 0.19 ± 0.08 kWh P.E.−1 for the AGS and 0.30 ± 0.08 kWh P.E.−1 for the CAS. However, both processes had the potential for decreased energy usage. Over 1 year, both processes showed similar fluctuations in energy usage, related to variations in loading, temperature, and DO. The AGS had a lower specific area, 0.3 m2 m−3 d−1, compared to 0.6 m2 m−3 d−1 of the CAS, and also a lower specific volume, 1.3 m3 m−3 d−1 compared to 2.0 m3 m−3 d−1. This study confirms that AGS at full-scale can be compact and still have comparable energy usage as CAS. Practitioner Points: Full-scale case study comparison of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and conventional activated sludge (CAS), operated in parallel. AGS had 50 % lower footprint compared to CAS. Energy usage was lower in the AGS, but both processes had potential to improve the energy usage efficiency. Both processes showed low average effluent concentrations.
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| 28. |
- Ekström, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Integrated microanalytical technology enabling rapid and automated protein identification
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 72:2, s. 286-293
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein identification through peptide mass mapping by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has become a standard technique, used in many laboratories around the world. The traditional methodology often includes long incubations (6-24 h) and extensive manual steps. In an effort to address this, an integrated microanalytical platform has been developed for automated identification of proteins. The silicon micromachined analytical tools, i.e., the microchip immobilized enzyme reactor (μ-chip IMER), the piezoelectric microdispenser, and the high-density nanovial target plates, are the cornerstones in the system. The μ-chip IMER provides on-line enzymatic digestion of protein samples (1 μL) within 1-3 min, and the microdispenser enables subsequent on- line picoliter sample preparation in a high-density format. Interfaced to automated MALDI-TOF MS, these tools compose a highly efficient platform that can analyze 100 protein samples in 3.5 h. Kinetic studies on the microreactors are reported as well as the operation of this microanalytical platform for protein identification, wherein lysozyme, myoglobin, ribonuclease A, and cytochrome c have been identified with a high sequence coverage (50-100%).
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| 29. |
- Envall, Ida, et al.
(författare)
-
What is the effect of giving the grazers access to additional nutrient sources on biodiversity in semi-natural pastures? A systematic review protocol
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2047-2382. ; 10:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Semi-natural pastures are unfertilized grasslands with a long history of traditional low-input grazing management. This kind of pastures are recognized for their high species richness. However, as a consequence of modernization of agriculture, many of the semi-natural pastures have been lost during the last century, leading to a serious threat to farmland biodiversity. Semi-natural pastures are relatively low in productivity. Hence, to increase profitability, farmers may want to give the grazing animals access to additional nutrient sources. This can be done either as supplementary feeding, or by fencing the semi-natural pastures into the same enclosure as improved, more nutrient-rich, pastures. These practices are, however, controversial. It is argued that since semi-natural pastures are species-rich partly because they are nutrient-poor, introducing additional nutrients into the system should be avoided. Accordingly, in Sweden, these interventions are often prohibited while receiving financial subsidies for management of semi-natural pastures. However, since many farmers are dependent on such support to maintain their pastures, these prohibitions often cause problems. The question has been raised whether giving the grazers access to additional nutrient sources really affect the biodiversity in semi-natural pastures, as is assumed. The primary aim of the proposed systematic review is to answer this question.Method: Peer-reviewed and grey literature will be searched for using bibliographic databases, search engines, specialist websites and stakeholder contacts. The references will be screened for relevance according to a predefined set of eligibility criteria. The criteria will be tested and clarified iteratively, until consistency in interpretations is achieved. Thereafter, the literature will be screened in two stages, first based upon title and abstract and then by examining full texts. Full text screening will be performed with blinded decisions by two independent reviewers. Each relevant study will then be critically appraised, based on a set of predefined validity criteria. A narrative synthesis will be provided, outlining the evidence base in terms of bibliographic information and study metadata. If possible, quantitative syntheses based on meta-analyses will be performed. Identified relevant knowledge gaps will be highlighted and discussed.
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| 30. |
- Erqou, Sebhat, et al.
(författare)
-
Lipoprotein(a) concentration and the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and nonvascular mortality.
- 2009
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Ingår i: JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 1538-3598 .- 0098-7484. ; 302:4, s. 412-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Circulating concentration of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), a large glycoprotein attached to a low-density lipoprotein-like particle, may be associated with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of Lp(a) concentration with risk of major vascular and nonvascular outcomes. STUDY SELECTION: Long-term prospective studies that recorded Lp(a) concentration and subsequent major vascular morbidity and/or cause-specific mortality published between January 1970 and March 2009 were identified through electronic searches of MEDLINE and other databases, manual searches of reference lists, and discussion with collaborators. DATA EXTRACTION: Individual records were provided for each of 126,634 participants in 36 prospective studies. During 1.3 million person-years of follow-up, 22,076 first-ever fatal or nonfatal vascular disease outcomes or nonvascular deaths were recorded, including 9336 CHD outcomes, 1903 ischemic strokes, 338 hemorrhagic strokes, 751 unclassified strokes, 1091 other vascular deaths, 8114 nonvascular deaths, and 242 deaths of unknown cause. Within-study regression analyses were adjusted for within-person variation and combined using meta-analysis. Analyses excluded participants with known preexisting CHD or stroke at baseline. DATA SYNTHESIS: Lipoprotein(a) concentration was weakly correlated with several conventional vascular risk factors and it was highly consistent within individuals over several years. Associations of Lp(a) with CHD risk were broadly continuous in shape. In the 24 cohort studies, the rates of CHD in the top and bottom thirds of baseline Lp(a) distributions, respectively, were 5.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4-5.9) per 1000 person-years and 4.4 (95% CI, 4.2-4.6) per 1000 person-years. The risk ratio for CHD, adjusted for age and sex only, was 1.16 (95% CI, 1.11-1.22) per 3.5-fold higher usual Lp(a) concentration (ie, per 1 SD), and it was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.09-1.18) following further adjustment for lipids and other conventional risk factors. The corresponding adjusted risk ratios were 1.10 (95% CI, 1.02-1.18) for ischemic stroke, 1.01 (95% CI, 0.98-1.05) for the aggregate of nonvascular mortality, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.97-1.04) for cancer deaths, and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.95-1.06) for nonvascular deaths other than cancer. CONCLUSION: Under a wide range of circumstances, there are continuous, independent, and modest associations of Lp(a) concentration with risk of CHD and stroke that appear exclusive to vascular outcomes.
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| 31. |
- Giannisis,, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Brain integrity is altered by hepatic APOEε4 in humanized-liver mice
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Liver-generated plasma apolipoprotein E (apoE) does not enter the brain but nonetheless correlates with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk and AD biomarker levels. Carriers of APOEε4, the strongest genetic AD risk factor, exhibit lower plasma apoE and altered brain integrity already at mid-life versus non-APOEε4 carriers. Whether altered plasma liver-derived apoE or specifically an APOEε4 liver phenotype promotes brain injury and neurodegeneration is unknown. Here we investigated the brains of Fah-/-, Rag2-/-, Il2rg-/- mice on the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) background (FRGN) with humanized-livers of an AD risk-associated APOE ε4/ε4 versus an APOE ε2/ε3 genotype. Reduced endogenous mouse apoE levels in the brains of APOE ε4/ε4 liver mice were accompanied by various changes in markers of synaptic integrity, neuroinflammation, and insulin signaling. Plasma apoE4 levels were associated with unfavorable changes in several of the assessed markers. These results propose a previously unexplored role of the liver in the APOEε4-associated risk neurodegenerative diseases.
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| 32. |
- Giannisis, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Brain integrity is altered by hepatic APOE ε4 in humanized-liver mice
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 27:8, s. 3533-3543
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Liver-generated plasma apolipoprotein E (apoE) does not enter the brain but nonetheless correlates with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk and AD biomarker levels. Carriers of APOEε4, the strongest genetic AD risk factor, exhibit lower plasma apoE and altered brain integrity already at mid-life versus non-APOEε4 carriers. Whether altered plasma liver-derived apoE or specifically an APOEε4 liver phenotype promotes neurodegeneration is unknown. Here we investigated the brains of Fah−/−, Rag2−/−, Il2rg−/− mice on the Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) background (FRGN) with humanized-livers of an AD risk-associated APOE ε4/ε4 versus an APOE ε2/ε3 genotype. Reduced endogenous mouse apoE levels in the brains of APOE ε4/ε4 liver mice were accompanied by various changes in markers of synaptic integrity, neuroinflammation and insulin signaling. Plasma apoE4 levels were associated with unfavorable changes in several of the assessed markers. These results propose a previously unexplored role of the liver in the APOEε4-associated risk of neurodegenerative disease.
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| 33. |
- Granath, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental and taxonomic controls of carbon and oxygen stable isotope composition in Sphagnum across broad climatic and geographic ranges
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus Publications. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 15:16, s. 5189-5202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rain-fed peatlands are dominated by peat mosses (Sphagnum sp.), which for their growth depend on nutrients, water and CO2 uptake from the atmosphere. As the isotopic composition of carbon (C-12(,)13) and oxygen (O-16(,)18) of these Sphagnum mosses are affected by environmental conditions, Sphagnum tissue accumulated in peat constitutes a potential long-term archive that can be used for climate reconstruction. However, there is inadequate understanding of how isotope values are influenced by environmental conditions, which restricts their current use as environmental and palaeoenvironmental indicators. Here we tested (i) to what extent C and O isotopic variation in living tissue of Sphagnum is speciesspecific and associated with local hydrological gradients, climatic gradients (evapotranspiration, temperature, precipitation) and elevation; (ii) whether the C isotopic signature can be a proxy for net primary productivity (NPP) of Sphagnum; and (iii) to what extent Sphagnum tissue delta O-18 tracks the delta O-18 isotope signature of precipitation. In total, we analysed 337 samples from 93 sites across North America and Eurasia us ing two important peat-forming Sphagnum species (S. magellanicum, S. fuscum) common to the Holarctic realm. There were differences in delta C-13 values between species. For S. magellanicum delta C-13 decreased with increasing height above the water table (HWT, R-2 = 17 %) and was positively correlated to productivity (R-2 = 7 %). Together these two variables explained 46 % of the between-site variation in delta C-13 values. For S. fuscum, productivity was the only significant predictor of delta C-13 but had low explanatory power (total R-2 = 6 %). For delta O-18 values, approximately 90 % of the variation was found between sites. Globally modelled annual delta O-18 values in precipitation explained 69 % of the between-site variation in tissue delta O-18. S. magellanicum showed lower delta O-18 enrichment than S. fuscum (-0.83 %0 lower). Elevation and climatic variables were weak predictors of tissue delta O-18 values after controlling for delta O-18 values of the precipitation. To summarize, our study provides evidence for (a) good predictability of tissue delta O-18 values from modelled annual delta O-18 values in precipitation, and (b) the possibility of relating tissue delta C-13 values to HWT and NPP, but this appears to be species-dependent. These results suggest that isotope composition can be used on a large scale for climatic reconstructions but that such models should be species-specific.
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| 34. |
- Grunditz, Simon, 1990, et al.
(författare)
-
Prediction of Collision Energy in the VSI Crusher
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings; European Symposium on Comminution and Classification 2015 September 7-10.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- VSI crushers are established comminution machines often used for size reduction and to improve the sphericity of rock particles. Data collection and experimental observation inside VSI crushers remains difficult, leading to lack of understanding of the full extent of the particle dynamics inside a VSI crusher. The aim of this paper is to attempt to characterize the probability of collision of particles in relation to their distance from the rotor. By comparing the number of collisions at a given location with the overall amount of collisions, the probability of a collision event related to the distance a particle has travelled from the rotor can be estimated. The result is an increased understanding of VSI crushers and the particle collision behaviour inside of a VSI crushing chamber.
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| 35. |
- Grunditz, Simon, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Rotor Tip Speed of a Vertical Shaft Impactor on the Collision Energy Spectrum
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings;Minerals Engineering Conference Computational Modelling 2015 June 10-11.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The increasing restrictions on natural aggregates have led to a demand for effective production of artificial sand and gravel. VSI crushers are established comminution machines often used in order to improve the sphericity of particles. Due to the difficulty in data collection, the full extent of the particle dynamics inside a VSI crusher has remained unexplored.The aim of this paper is to use DEM simulations to model a full-scale crusher, generate a realistic material flow and make a number of crusher tests with different rotor tip speeds. Each particle’s collision energy compared to its size will provide a spectrum which can be related to the probability of breakage. This will show how increasing rotational speed affects collisions and the impact energy of particles inside the crusher. The result is an increased understanding that can allow optimization and modeling of VSI crushers with higher accuracy.
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| 36. |
- Hanna, Atieh, et al.
(författare)
-
Deliberative safety for industrial intelligent human-robot collaboration: Regulatory challenges and solutions for taking the next step towards industry 4.0
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 78
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In previous scholarly literature, safety is understood as a main obstacle for introducing human-robot collaboration in industrial production. This interdisciplinary paper is concerned with the safety and regulation of human-robot collaboration and contribute to this debate through a case study of stakeholders in Sweden, exploring the views of the involved stakeholders which is largely absent in previous research literature. The case study concludes that while stressing some potential benefits, stakeholders within the industry are generally reluctant to human-robot collaboration. Current regulation and safety standards are understood to be one of the prominent obstacles to such solutions. Based on the perspectives of the stakeholders as well as an analysis of current regulation and safety standards, the paper identifies the following problems with current regulation: (i) existing categories and conceptualizations used to guide safety evaluation are problematic, (ii) intelligence and autonomous aspects of collaborative systems are not sufficiently addressed, (iii) current standards do not enable evaluation of the trade off between safety, efficiency and flexibility, and (iv) the regulation has a lack of focus on active safety and using the control system as a safety measure.In an attempt to address these identified problems, the difference between traditional collaborative robots and intelligent human-robot collaboration is analyzed in the paper and a new safety approach is suggested, called Deliberative safety, which allows the humans and robots to switch between different safety measures based on the need for flexibility or efficiency to reach production goals. While considering system performance, we propose a taxonomy to better support the design of deliberative safety as well as five safety measures to use in a deliberative safety approach. These measures include available measures like perimeter safety, zone safety and reactive safety to more advanced measures like planned and active safety, and when used together, they can enable intelligent human-robot collaboration.
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| 37. |
- Harris, Paul, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance Characterization of a Real-Time Massive MIMO System with LOS Mobile Channels
- 2017
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. - 0733-8716. ; , s. 1244-1253
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first measured results for massive multiple input, multiple-output (MIMO) performance in a line-of-sight (LOS) scenario with moderate mobility are presented, with 8 users served in real-time using a 100 antenna base Station (BS) at 3.7 GHz. When such a large number of channels dynamically change, the inherent propagation and processing delay has a critical relationship with the rate of change, as the use of outdated channel information can result in severe detection and precoding inaccuracies. For the downlink (DL) in particular, a time division duplex (TDD) configuration synonymous with massive MIMO deployments could mean only the uplink (UL) is usable in extreme cases. Therefore, it is of great interest to investigate the impact of mobility on massive MIMO performance and consider ways to combat the potential limitations. In a mobile scenario with moving cars and pedestrians, the massive MIMO channel is sampled across many points in space to build a picture of the overall user orthogonality, and the impact of both azimuth and elevation array configurations are considered. Temporal analysis is also conducted for vehicles moving up to 29km�h and real-time bit error rates (BERs) for both the UL and DL without power control are presented. For a 100 antenna system, it is found that the channel state information (CSI) update rate requirement may increase by 7 times when compared to an 8 antenna system, whilst the power control update rate could be decreased by at least 5 times relative to a single antenna system.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Krantz, Philip, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Single-shot read-out of a superconducting qubit using a Josephson parametric oscillator
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 7:11417
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose and demonstrate a read-out technique for a superconducting qubit by dispersively coupling it with a Josephson parametric oscillator. We employ a tunable quarter wavelength superconducting resonator and modulate its resonant frequency at twice its value with an amplitude surpassing the threshold for parametric instability. We map the qubit states onto two distinct states of classical parametric oscillation: one oscillating state, with 185±15 photons in the resonator, and one with zero oscillation amplitude. This high contrast obviates a following quantum-limited amplifier. We demonstrate proof-of-principle, singleshot read-out performance, and present an error budget indicating that this method can surpass the fidelity threshold required for quantum computing.
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| 40. |
- König, Stefanie, et al.
(författare)
-
Options for Early Retirement : An Analysis of International Experience
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ISF defines and analyses the options that have been introduced by other countries to support early retirement for certain groups.We have identified five options for early retirement that are used by other countries. Those five options are:The option of an early retirement for people with a working history of many years or those who started working life early.The option of early retirement for individuals in certain occupations or with certain work tasks.The option of early retirement or downsizing through part-time work solutions and partial retirement solutions for older adults.The option of early retirement for older workers with reduced work ability through medical insurance or early retirement.The option of early retirement for unemployed older workers or extended unemployment benefits for older adults.The particular design of early retirement options differs between in different countries. But they are sufficiently similar to be considered variants of one of these five solutions. Combinations of different solutions also occur.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Laurell, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Microfluidic components for protein characterization.
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - 1873-4863. ; 82:2, s. 75-161
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of microfluidic components to create an analytical toolbox for the very rapidly growing field of proteomics is described. This toolbox provides novel generic analytical solutions that are highly adaptable for analysis of various biomolecules, ranging from high to low abundant. The components are fabricated using silicon micromachining and consist of a microchip immobilised enzyme reactor (microIMER), a piezoelectric microdispenser and high-density nanovial target plates. This microtechnology based platform interfaces matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-MS) to a wide range of upstream sample handling and/or analytical techniques. Examples of applications such as rapid on-line digestion (12 s) and sample preparation of proteins, interfacing to capillary liquid chromatography (100 attomol sensitivity), and in-vial chemistry on femtomol amounts of sample are presented.
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| 43. |
- Leemann, Simon, et al.
(författare)
-
Beam dynamics and expected performance of Sweden's new storage-ring light source: MAX IV
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Special Topics. Accelerators and Beams. - 1098-4402. ; 12:12, s. 1-120701
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MAX IV will be Sweden's next-generation high-performance synchrotron radiation source. The project has recently been granted funding and construction is scheduled to begin in 2010. User operation for a broad and international user community should commence in 2015. The facility is comprised of two storage rings optimized for different wavelength ranges, a linac-based short-pulse facility and a free-electron laser for the production of coherent radiation. The main radiation source of MAX IV will be a 528 m ultra-low emittance storage ring operated at 3 GeV for the generation of high-brightness hard X-rays. This storage ring was designed to meet the requirements of state-of-the-art insertion devices which will be installed in nineteen 5 m long dispersion-free straight sections. The storage ring is based on a novel multi-bend achromat design delivering an unprecedented horizontal bare lattice emittance of 0.33 nm rad and a vertical emittance below the 8 pm rad diffraction limit for 1 A radiation. In this paper we present the beam dynamics considerations behind this storage ring design and detail its expected unique performance.
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| 44. |
- Marton, Sofie, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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A steam utility network model for the evaluation of heat integration retrofits – A case study of an oil refinery
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2nd South East European Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, SDEWES.SEE2016.0258.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a real industrial example in which the steam utility network of a refinery is modelled in order to evaluate potential heat integration retrofits proposed for the site. Total site heat integration techniques have previously been used for the refinery to identify a number of possibilities for heat saving retrofits. However, the profitability and actual primary energy saving will depend on the configuration and operation of the utility system.The supply of utilities such as fuel, steam and electric power represents a significant operating cost for many process industries. A reduced use of utilities can improve process economics and reduce the environmental footprint of the process. Heat integration, within and between the refinery process units, is one way to improve the energy efficiency and reduce the use of steam and fuels. Such heat integration measures will affect steam consumption and generation at different steam pressure levels within the network. A refinery, typically, has flexibility in their operation of the steam network from a number of switchable steam turbine-driven or motor-driven pumps and compressors. Furthermore, due to seasonal variations the amount of internally generated refinery fuel gas will vary, leading to periods of steam over-production as well as periods with a demand for additional purchased fuel. Consequently, the optimum operating strategy concerning steam production and the switchable mechanical drives is a trade-off between the cost of fuel and electricity.* Corresponding author 0258-12This paper presents a few examples of heat integration retrofit measures from a case study of a large oil refinery. In order to evaluate expected changes in fuel and electricity imports to the refinery after implementation of the proposed retrofits, a steam system model has been developed using commercial software. The model enables an analysis of how the operation of boilers and turbines could be changed in effect of a proposed change. The steam system model has been tested and validated with real steady state data from three different operating scenarios. It can be used for simulation or optimization to answer how changes to steam balances at different pressure levels will affect the overall steam balances, generation of shaft power in turbines and electricity demand for pumps and compressors, and the consumption of fuel gas.
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| 45. |
- Marton, Sofie, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
A Steam Utility Network Model for the Evaluation of Heat Integration Retrofits – A Case Study of an Oil Refinery
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems. - : SDEWES Centre. - 1848-9257. ; 5:4, s. 560-578
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a real industrial example in which the steam utility network of a refinery is modelled in order to evaluate potential Heat Integration retrofits proposed for the site. A refinery, typically, has flexibility to optimize the operating strategy for the steam system depending on the operation of the main processes. This paper presents a few examples of Heat Integration retrofit measures from a case study of a large oil refinery. In order to evaluate expected changes in fuel and electricity imports to the refinery after implementation of the proposed retrofits, a steam system model has been developed. The steam system model has been tested and validated with steady state data from three different operating scenarios and can be used to evaluate how changes to steam balances at different pressure levels would affect overall steam balances, generation of shaft power in turbines, and the consumption of fuel gas.
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| 46. |
- Morgan-Sagastume, Fernando, et al.
(författare)
-
Mixed-culture polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production integrated into a food-industry effluent biological treatment: A pilot-scale evaluation
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2213-3437. ; 8:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production of a mixed microbial culture (MMC) biomass for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production was integrated into the wastewater treatment (WWT) of a potato-starch factory. A pilot-scale on-site evaluation was conducted over ten months, with inherent water quality variations including organic composition, temperature, and pH. The wastewater was rich in acetate and the organic matter content fluctuated from 50 to 90 % with respect to volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The PHA accumulation potential (PAP) of the surplus biomass, nevertheless, remained from 0.40 to 0.70 gPHA/gVSS. Biomass PAP characteristics were benchmarked at both pilot and laboratory scales using different feedstocks and accumulation methods. The resultant co-polymer type could be readily shifted by changes in feedstock VFA content. Selected polymer batches were recovered at pilot scale as commercial-quality prototype materials for development of PHA-based wood-fibre composites. WWT performance with 98 % organic contaminant removal remained consistent throughout. The good settleability of the pilot-scale biomass was in contrast to the poorly settleable biomass from the factory’s full-scale activated sludge. Metered nitrogen and phosphorus addition ensured stable WWT without major nitrification levels. Successful robust outcomes of both feast-famine selection principles and WWT can be translated and integrated into the full-scale WWT by a proposed adaptation to existing infrastructure. Analogous aerobic feast enrichment is proposed to be achievable with continuous or intermittent flow through a process selector/zone. This pilot-scale experience under actual field conditions of industrial WWT provides further evidence for the technical viability to produce biomass for PHA production while maintaining standards in effluent water quality.
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| 47. |
- Nilsson, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of activated sludge ozonation on filamentous bacteria viability and possible added benefits
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Environmental Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1479-487X .- 0959-3330. ; 40:20, s. 2601-2607
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ozone was applied to return activated sludge in full-scale to study how ozone impacts filamentous bacteria viability (Live/Dead®). Additionally, the ozonated sludges were subjected to anaerobic digestion trials and analysis of micropollutants. Ozone treatment (3-4.8 g O3/kg TSS) improved the settling properties of the sludge by lowering the diluted sludge volume with 7-35%. Ozone inactivated filamentous bacteria outside the floc structures and the fraction of inactivated filaments increased with an increasing ozone dose. It was observed that ozone treatment may act selectively towards different types of filaments. With respect to the two dominating morphotypes present, Type 0041 filamentous bacteria were found to be more resistant to ozone attack than Microthrix parvicella. Thus, higher ozone doses may be required to mitigate sludge bulking caused by Type 0041 filaments. No effects could be discerned by ozone addition on neither the methane production of the sludge nor on the concentrations of micropollutants analysed for this study. The lack of effect on both methane production and micropollutant removal was deemed to be caused by insufficient ozone doses.
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| 48. |
- Odqvist, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variations in A20 DUB domain provide a genetic link to citrullination and neutrophil extracellular traps in systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 78:10, s. 1363-1370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Genetic variations in TNFAIP3 (A20) de-ubiquitinase (DUB) domain increase the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis. A20 is a negative regulator of NF-κB but the role of its DUB domain and related genetic variants remain unclear. We aimed to study the functional effects of A20 DUB-domain alterations in immune cells and understand its link to SLE pathogenesis. Methods: CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate human U937 monocytes with A20 DUB-inactivating C103A knock-in (KI) mutation. Whole genome RNA-sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes between WT and C103A KI cells. Functional studies were performed in A20 C103A U937 cells and in immune cells from A20 C103A mice and genotyped healthy individuals with A20 DUB polymorphism rs2230926. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation was addressed ex vivo in neutrophils from A20 C103A mice and SLE-patients with rs2230926. Results: Genetic disruption of A20 DUB domain in human and murine myeloid cells did not give rise to enhanced NF-κB signalling. Instead, cells with C103A mutation or rs2230926 polymorphism presented an upregulated expression of PADI4, an enzyme regulating protein citrullination and NET formation, two key mechanisms in autoimmune pathology. A20 C103A cells exhibited enhanced protein citrullination and extracellular trap formation, which could be suppressed by selective PAD4 inhibition. Moreover, SLE-patients with rs2230926 showed increased NETs and increased frequency of autoantibodies to citrullinated epitopes. Conclusions: We propose that genetic alterations disrupting the A20 DUB domain mediate increased susceptibility to SLE through the upregulation of PADI4 with resultant protein citrullination and extracellular trap formation.
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| 49. |
- Osman, Amr, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Simplified Josephson-junction fabrication process for reproducibly high-performance superconducting qubits
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 118:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce a simplified fabrication technique for Josephson junctions and demonstrate superconducting Xmon qubits with T1 relaxation times averaging above 50 μs (Q > 1.5 × 1 0 6). Current shadow-evaporation techniques for aluminum-based Josephson junctions require a separate lithography step to deposit a patch that makes a galvanic, superconducting connection between the junction electrodes and the circuit wiring layer. The patch connection eliminates parasitic junctions, which otherwise contribute significantly to dielectric loss. In our patch-integrated cross-type junction technique, we use one lithography step and one vacuum cycle to evaporate both the junction electrodes and the patch. This eliminates a key bottleneck in manufacturing superconducting qubits by reducing the fabrication time and cost. In a study of more than 3600 junctions, we show an average resistance variation of 3.7% on a wafer that contains forty 0.5 × 0.5-cm2 chips, with junction areas ranging between 0.01 and 0.16 μm2. The average on-chip spread in resistance is 2.7%, with 20 chips varying between 1.4% and 2%. For the junction sizes used for transmon qubits, we deduce a wafer-level transition-frequency variation of 1.7%-2.5%. We show that 60%-70% of this variation is attributed to junction-area fluctuations, while the rest is caused by tunnel-junction inhomogeneity. Such high frequency predictability is a requirement for scaling-up the number of qubits in a quantum computer.
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| 50. |
- Ossiansson, Elin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Primary filtration of municipal wastewater with sludge fermentation – Impacts on biological nutrient removal
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary filtration is a compact pre-treatment process for municipal wastewater, which can lead to high removal of total suspended solids (TSS) if polymer is added prior to filtration. Extensive carbon removal with rotating belt filter (RBF) can be combined with filter primary sludge fermentation at ambient temperature, in order to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as carbon source for biological nutrient removal (BNR). This process was implemented at large pilot-scale and operated for more than a year. The results showed that the RBF efficiently removed particles >10 μm, and that the TSS removal had a strong linear correlation to the influent TSS concentration. Fermentation of the sludge at ambient temperature and five days retention time and addition of the fermentate to the wastewater could nearly double the VFA concentration in the wastewater by adding 31 ± 9 mg VFA-COD/L. Meanwhile, an increase of 2 mg/L of ammonium nitrogen, and 0.7 mg /L of phosphate phosphorus would be added to the wastewater with the fermentate. Adding the fermented sludge to the wastewater stream and removing the particles with RBF makes it possible to utilize nearly all the produced VFAs for BNR, and the feasibility of this configuration was shown at pilot-scale. According to simulations of subsequent BNR, the pre-treatment would lead to lower effluent total nitrogen concentrations. Alternatively, the required BNR volume could be reduced by 11–18 %. The estimated total biogas production was similar for pre-treatment with primary settler and RBF with fermentation. RBF without fermentation gave the most favourable energy balance, but did not reach the same low effluent value for total nitrogen as RBF with fermentation.
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