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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Economic Stress and Mortality
- 2004
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Ingår i: Life under Pressure: Mortality and Living Standards in Europe and Asia, 1700-1900. ; , s. 31-84
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Family and Community
- 2004
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Ingår i: Life under Pressure: Mortality and Living Standards in Europe and Asia, 1700-1900. ; , s. 85-105
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Population Ageing - A Threat to the Welfare State? The Case of Sweden. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642126116 ; Demographic Research Monographs, s. 1-6
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2008
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Ingår i: Kinship and Demographic Behavior in the Past. International Studies in Population. - 9781402067327 ; 7, s. 1-12
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Population Ageing - A Threat to the Welfare State? : The Case of Sweden - The Case of Sweden. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1613-5520. - 9783642126116 ; , s. 1-6
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Linear Increase in Life Expectancy : Past and Present
- 2019
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Ingår i: Old and New Perspectives on Mortality Forecasting. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030050740 - 9783030050757 ; , s. 221-234
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 12. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Living Standards and Economic Stress
- 2004
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Ingår i: Life under Pressure: Mortality and Living Standards in Europe and Asia, 1700-1900. ; , s. 27-59
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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New Malthusian Perspectives
- 2004
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Ingår i: Life under Pressure: Mortality and Living Standards in Europe and Asia, 1700-1900. ; , s. 3-24
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Shenghuo shuiping yu lingji yali
- 2007
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Ingår i: Yalixia de shenghuo: 1700-1900 nian Ouzhou yu Yazhou de siwanglyu he shenghuo shuiping. ; , s. 31-66
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Sikaniya sige jiaoqu de siwanglyu yu shehui jieji
- 2007
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Ingår i: Yalixia de shenghuo: 1700-1900 nian Ouzhou yu Yazhou de siwanglyu he shenghuo shuiping. ; , s. 147-188
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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The Ageing Population
- 2010
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Ingår i: Population Ageing - A Threat to the Welfare State? The Case of Sweden. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642126116 ; , s. 7-22
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The process of population ageing that has been occurring in Sweden can be expected to continue during the coming decades, the population pyramid will become increasingly rectangular, and possibly even demonstrating a shrinking base. This will lead to increasing challenges in terms of financing pensions, elderly care and healtcare. These problems will continue for at least 30 years with no demographic solutions available. Immigration is not likely to offset population ageing to any larger degree, and even dramatic increases in fertility reates would take 25-30 years to have any positive effect. Since increasing tax rates seems unlikely, the most viable solution lies in an expansion of the workforce and the resulting increase of the tax base. If we rely solely on increasing the retirement age to provide the increased hours worked, we would need to raise the minimum retirement age by roughly 5 years until 2050. While this might be possible, it is more likely that the solution lies not in this or any other single measure but in a combination thereof. However, expanding hours worked not only requires incentives but also job opportunities. Thus the policy should aim not only at expanding the labour supply but also labour demand.
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| 19. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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The Ageing Population
- 2010
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Ingår i: Population Ageing - A Threat to the Welfare State? : The Case of Sweden - The Case of Sweden. - 9783642126116 ; , s. 7-22
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 20. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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The Demographic Transition Revised
- 1994
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Ingår i: Population, Economy, and Welfare in Sweden. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 3540584234 ; , s. 13-36
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Kang, Wenlin, et al.
(författare)
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Jingji yali yu siwanglyu
- 2007
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Ingår i: Yalixia de shenghuo: 1700-1900 nian Ouzhou yu Yazhou de siwanglyu he shenghuo shuiping. ; , s. 67-92
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 23. |
- Zhongqing, Li, et al.
(författare)
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Jiating yu shequ
- 2007
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Ingår i: Yalixia de shenghuo: 1700-1900 nian Ouzhou yu Yazhou de siwanglyu he shenghuo shuiping. ; , s. 93-116
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Zhongqing, Li, et al.
(författare)
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Yizhong Maersasi zhuyi shijiao
- 2007
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Ingår i: Yalixia de shenghuo: 1700-1900 nian Ouzhou yu Yazhou de siwanglyu he shenghuo shuiping. ; , s. 5-30
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 26. |
- Allen, Robert A, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to Living Standards in the Past
- 2005
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Ingår i: Living Standards in the Past : New Perspectives on Well-being in Asia and Europe - New Perspectives on Well-being in Asia and Europe. - : Oxford University PressOxford. - 0199280681 ; , s. 1-22
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the introduction, different contributions are brought together in an analysis of pre-industrial living standards in East and West, viewed in the light of the general debate on these issues from the classical economists to present times. The general picture emerging is not one of great divergence, but instead one of considerable similarities. Regional differences within Europe or Asia were often larger than the average differences between them.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Bengtsson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Hyresboendets roller - lokal organisering och boinflytande i förändring
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Changing Roles in Rental Housing – Local Organisation and Tenant Participation in Transition Since the 1970’s a wide-ranging system of tenant participation and local organisation has developed in Sweden, based on local tenant associations(LTAs). These are the smallest organizational units within the Swedish tenant movement, which is uniquely strong, with high membership rates, institutionalised market power and considerable political influence. LTAs have been granted some influence on the management of their estates through centralised agreements between landlords and regional tenant unions.Lately these forms of tenant participation and local organisation have been challenged through centralisation within the tenant movement and an increasing general interest in alternative, less formal modes of local organisation and co-operation between landlords and tenants.Some observers foresee that the traditional forms based on LTAs and collective agreements will be successively replaced by a multitude of more informal solutions. This study investigates the validity of such claims by scrutinizing the development that has taken place in local organisation and tenant participation during the last decade or so. This is done by testing how LTAs have adjusted to the new conditions, and mapping and examining the alternative forms that have developed.The theoretical point of departure is that LTAs, as well as other local voluntary organisations of tenants, have four different roles to fulfil: (1) to function as a democratic unit for members and esidents (‘democratic community’); (2) to act as the base organisation within the tenant movement (’grass-roots organisation); (3) to represent all residents in the estate towards the landlord (’voice’); (4) to organise and support social interaction in the estate (’social organiser’).The study is based on several empirical materials, including (a) two questionnaires (1997 and 2005) directed to 350–400 chairpersons of LTAs (the sample included a panel of LTAs that received the questionnaire on both occasions); (b) a questionnaire directed to 100 tenants who are active in alternative forms of local organisation; (c) a questionnaire to 1,000 ordinary tenants in five municipalities; (d) process-oriented case studies of 32 LTAs between 1990 and 2006; and (e) case studies of four estates with alternative forms of local organisation.Between 1997 and 2005 the number of LTAs went down from 3,500 to 2,500. Those still existing take on the same roles as before and at almost the same level of activity. In the role as democratic community, tenants’ attendance at LTA general meetings is still relatively low, and the competition for seats on the board is almost non-existent. There is a slight female majority among LTA board members, whereas immigrants are poorly represented.In the role as grass-roots organisation, despite diminishing formal LTA influence within the tenant movement, LTAs and higher levels still co-operate regularly and in mutual respect. In the role as voice towards the landlord, most LTAs still have agreements on tenant participation, although the level of influence has gone down somewhat, in particular on economic issues. Finally, in the role as social organiser, LTAs still take great responsibility for leisure activities in their estates. All three roles as grass-roots organisation, voice and social organiser are considered to be important by LTAs. The role as the voice of the tenants in relation to the landlord is seen as the most important of the three, and the individual tenants responding to the questionnaire share this opinion. Most boards feel equally responsible to non-member residents as to members of the tenant union.Our case studies give some indications about the LTAs that have disappeared in the last decade. The 15 LTAs that were terminated since 1990 had lower levels of activity in all the four roles than the 17 still in existence. The case studies also indicate that the difference between development and decline can be explained in terms of institutionalisation: that associations grow successively less dependent on individual activists. In five extensive case studies we have identified how processes of institutionalisation and deinstitutionalisation arise and develop. These studies also illustrate that institutionalisation, cannot be taken for granted but is vulnerable to shifts in population and in relations to the landlord, including the sale of the estate.The alternative organisational units are far too few to replace the 1,000 LTA units that have disappeared. They sometimes engage individuals who have not been previously active, by means of openness to all tenants and informal modes of working. Still their activities have important similarities with those of LTAs, though many alternative units emphasize the role as social organiser more and, not surprisingly, the role as grass-roots organisation less than LTAs. Furthermore, without formal agreements, many of the alternative units have a weaker position to act as voice than LTAs. It is too early to say something definitive about the prospects of institutionalisation of the alternative forms. In most estates they still seem to be dependent on a few active tenants who put in a lot of effort in the activities.
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| 31. |
- Bengtsson, Bo, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Lokal kontroll och kollektivt handlande : En utvärdering av självförvaltning i Bostads AB Poseidon i Göteborg
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Local Control and Collective Action. An Evaluation of Self-Management in the Municipal Housing Company Poseidon in Gothenburg. This report presents an evaluation over three years of a programme on ’local democracy and self-management’ in the municipal housing company Poseidon in Gothenburg. The point of departure is the assumption that a programme of this type has to offer both local control and individual motives for collective action if it is to be sustainable. Tenants must be able to influence housing conditions together, as well as to have some individual motivation to take part in the activities. The evaluation is based mainly on three data sources: (1) a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 1400 tenants; (2) a number of questionnaires distributed to all tenants who are active in the self-management, all chair-persons in local tenants associations (LTAs) in Poseidon’s housing stock, and all Poseidon’s ’area hosts’, who are responsible for the local management of the estates; (3) intensive studies of the processes of self-management in seven local housing estates. Use has also been made of official and company statistics, earlier surveys, programmes, agreements, minutes and other documents, as well as interviews with key informants, observations from meetings and inspections in the estates. The report includes a comprehensive evaluation in terms of tenants’ local control and collective action and a number of special studies on particular themes and perspectives.By Autumn 2002 self-management had been established in all Poseidon’s districts and in a considerable share of the housing stock. The number of active tenants was estimated at 800–1000. They are organised in about 80, mainly informal and rather loosely defined groups. The ambitious programme aiming at considerable local decision-making proved to be unrealistic, and activities today are based on informal collaboration between local staff and active tenants, in a few cases formalised in ’estate associations’. Initially both the area hosts and the representatives of the local tenants movement were rather sceptical of the self-management, but both groups have gradually acquired a more positive attitude.At the time of the tenant questionnaire (January 2001) no more than one fourth of all tenants knew about the project, but since the knowledge was clearly better in those districts where activities were most developed, the share today is probably considerably higher, perhaps nearly 40 per cent. Ordinary tenants consider that most physical aspects of the outdoor environment has been improved, in particular the care of plants and lawns. In contrast they see only minor positive effects on social relations. Active tenants, LTA chair-persons and area hosts all judge that the self-management has had clear positive effects on the outdoor environment and on tenants’ influence, as well as on the social ties and general well-being among residents. Tenants, and not only active tenants, feel an improved sense of control over their housing conditions.A majority of the active tenants are women. While women have been engaged in all types of activities, men have primarily taken on physically demanding tasks. Tenants with foreign background are somewhat fewer among the active than their share of the population, but still they are better represented than usual in local housing activities. This may be due to the informal organisation and the orientation towards practical work. The self-management also seems to have stimulated a higher growth in commitment and sense of responsibility among tenants with foreign background than among those with Swedish background.The active tenants are on average 55 years old; the active women on average nine years younger than the active men. The share of age pensioners is high, and a large number of the somewhat younger activists are also without gainful employment. The active tenants take part in organisational and political life somewhat more than the population in general. Their prime mover is a ’norm of local utility’, i.e. a norm that prescribes that they take part if it would mean a positive contribution to the common good of their neighbourhood. Economic incentives are less prominent, and the participation of one’s neighbours is rarely seen as a prerequisite of taking part oneself. The tenants’ most important resources are time in and knowledge of the estate, and the work carried out comprises an important contribution to the management of Poseidon’s housing stock.The intensive studies – in most cases in housing estates with a relatively high level of activity – confirm this picture. They also make clear that the self-management activities are dominated by informally organised practical work outdoors. The case studies also show that the mode of interplay between active tenants and local staff is formed to a large extent by local conditions and traditions. The decentralised organisation of Poseidon’s housing management has been of particular importance to the actual influence of the tenants. The decentralisation of decision-making has made it meaningful to keep up a continuous and goal-oriented dialogue about the different issues that have been raised locally.The self-management has improved the outdoor environment and strengthened the ties between the active tenants as well as their identification with the estate. However, the effect on ecological issues has been limited, and so have the direct economic effects on housing management. Conflicts have been few and the informal conflict management has been on the whole successful. The absence of formally democratic elections, decision-making and accountability has sometimes been a problem when controversial issues have come up on the local agenda. Still many active tenants in the case-study estates are sceptical of introducing more formal procedures. By now the self-management has reached a certain degree of institutionalisation within the company. In contrast the prospects of institutionalisation among tenants still seem uncertain. The absence of democratic forms of decision-making could make it difficult to deal with issues about rents, periodic maintenance and repair, local rules of conduct, etc. A crucial condition for Poseidon’s self-management to be sustainable is that the positive attitudes of the company and the local staff will continue, another that a workable division of responsibility between the tenants association and the self-management can be developed. The most plausible scenario is a development towards a higher degree of differentiation. This would mean some estates without local collective action, other estates remaining on the current level of informal work on the outdoor environment, and still other moving towards formal local democracy and influence.
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| 32. |
- Bengtsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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CELTIC CP5-026 WINNER+, D1.4 Initial Report on Advanced Multiple Antenna Systems
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This deliverable captures the first set of best innovative concepts identified in the field of Advanced Multiple Antenna Systems for potential inclusion into the WINNER+ system concept. The concepts consist of promising principles or ideas as well as detailed innovative techniques. For each concept, the associated benefits as well as the corresponding requirements on the system architecture and protocols, measurements and signalling, are considered. The document involves two main tracks: development of new advanced antenna schemes in the context of conventional cellular networks, and a study of coordinated multipoint transmission and reception, where multiple network nodes cooperate to enhance system performance.
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| 33. |
- Bengtsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Structure-activity relationships for chain-shortened analogs of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, a pheromone component of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331. ; 16:3, s. 667-684
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structure-activity relationships for chain-shortened analogs of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, a pheromone component of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum, have been studied by electrophysiological single-sensillum technique and interpreted in terms of a previously reported receptor-interaction model. The results indicate that the terminal methyl group, as well as the acetate group, interacts with highly complementary receptor sites. The terminal alkyl chain is suggested to interact with a hydrophobic "pocket" extending over the two methylene groups closest to the terminal methyl group. The amounts of stimulus actually released from the odor source have been studied. The results demonstrate the necessity to take differences of volatility into account in comparisons of electrophysiological data for compounds of different chain lengths. It is shown that relative vapor pressures may to a good approximation be employed to estimate correction factors.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Age-specific mortality and short-term changes in the standard of living : Sweden, 1751-1859
- 1985
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Ingår i: European Journal of Population. - 0168-6577. ; 1:4, s. 309-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The response of mortality to short-term changes in real wages is analyzed here not just in its own right but more particularly as an indicator of long-term shifts in the general standard of living. It is hypothesized that the response would have been stronger the lower the standard of living. The relationship between age-specific mortality levels and real-wage series for Sweden 1751–1860 is analyzed using a distributed-lag model and spectral analysis. The results suggest a real shift in the material standard of living during the period.
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| 38. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Ageing Workforce, Social Cohesion and Sustainable Development : Political Challenges within the Baltic Sea Region: Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ageing Workforce, Social Cohesion and Sustainable Development. - : Max Planck Society/Population Europe. ; , s. 55-59
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current Swedish pension system is flexible. Workers may choose to retire, partially or fully, at any time after the age of 61, while still working fullor part-time. The system also allows retirees to temporarily stop collecting pension benefits and return to employment, but they have no right to continue working after the age of 67. Like in many other countries, the effective retirement age has been rising in Sweden since the mid-1990s and today it is the highest in the European Union (EU). In the following, we document the changes in effective retirement age by gender, education and health status. We also discuss what factors might underlie these changes. We start with an overview of the pension system, the development of health and the effective pension age for different groups, before making some reflections about challenges with regard to increasing the employment levels among elderly workers in Sweden in the future.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Airborne infectious diseases during infancy and mortality in later life in southern Sweden, 1766-1894.
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3685 .- 0300-5771. ; 32:2, s. 286-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The importance of early life conditions and current conditions for mortality in later life was assessed using historical data from four rural parishes in southern Sweden. Both demographic and economic data are valid. Methods: Longitudinal demographic and socioeconomic data for individuals and household socioeconomic data from parish registers were combined with local area data on food costs and disease load using a Cox regression framework to analyse the 55–80 year age group mortality (number of deaths = 1398). Results: In a previous paper, the disease load experienced during the birth year, measured as the infant mortality rate, was strongly associated with old-age mortality, particularly the outcome of airborne infectious diseases. In the present paper, this impact persisted after controlling for variations in food prices during pregnancy and the birth year, and the disease load on mothers during pregnancy. The impact on mortality in later life stems from both the short-term cycles and the long-term decline in infant mortality. An asymmetrical effect and strong threshold effects were found for the cycles. Years with very high infant mortality, dominated by smallpox and whooping cough, had a strong impact, while modest changes had almost no impact at all. The effects of the disease load during the year of birth were particularly strong for children born during the winter and summer. Children severely exposed to airborne infectious diseases during their birth year had a much higher risk of dying of airborne infectious diseases in their old age. Conclusions: This study suggests that exposure to airborne infectious diseases during the first year of life increases mortality at ages 55–80.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Are we getting sick of low incomes?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Frans van Poppel: a sort of farewell. - 9789087800000 ; , s. 86-88
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood misery and disease in later life : The effects on mortality in old age of hazards experienced in early life, southern Sweden, 1760-1894
- 2000
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Ingår i: Population Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0032-4728 .- 1477-4747. ; 54:3, s. 263-277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper assesses the importance of early-life conditions relative to the prevailing conditions for mortality by cause of death in later life using historical data for four rural parishes in southern Sweden for which both demographic and economic data are very good. Longitudinal demographic data for individuals are combined with household socio-economic data and community data on food costs and the disease load using a Cox regression framework. We find strong support for the hypothesis that the disease load experienced during the first year of life has a strong impact on mortality in later life, in particular on the outcome of airborne infectious diseases. Hypotheses about the effects of the disease load on mothers during pregnancy and access to nutrition during first years of life are not supported. Contemporary short-term economic stress on the elderly was generally of limited importance although mortality varied by socio-economic group.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Deliberate control in a natural fertility population: Southern Sweden, 1766-1864
- 2006
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Ingår i: Demography. - 1533-7790. ; 43:4, s. 727-746
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ln this article, we analyze fertility control in a rural population characterized by natural fertility, using survival analysis on a longitudinal data set at the individual level combined with food prices. Landless and semilandless families responded strongly to short-term economic stress stemming from changes in prices. The fertility response, both to moderate and large changes in food prices, was the strongest within six months after prices changed in the fall, which means that the response was deliberate. People foresaw bad times and planned their fertility accordingly. The result highlights the importance of deliberate control of the timing of childbirth before the fertiliry transition, not in order to achieve a certain family size but, as in this case, to reduce the negative impacts of short-term economic stress.
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| 50. |
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