| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 3. |
- Danaei, Goodarz, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 3:8, s. 624-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41 . 6%; in the other 15 . 6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA(1c)-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA(1c) 6 . 5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52 . 8% (95% CI 51 . 3-54 . 3%) and a pooled specificity of 99 . 74% (99 . 71-99 . 78%) compared with FPG 7 . 0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30 . 5% (28 . 7-32 . 3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA(1c) versus FPG. Interpretation Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA(1c)-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Forslund, Sofia K., et al.
(författare)
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Combinatorial, additive and dose-dependent drug–microbiome associations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 600:7889, s. 500-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the transition from a healthy state to cardiometabolic disease, patients become heavily medicated, which leads to an increasingly aberrant gut microbiome and serum metabolome, and complicates biomarker discovery1–5. Here, through integrated multi-omics analyses of 2,173 European residents from the MetaCardis cohort, we show that the explanatory power of drugs for the variability in both host and gut microbiome features exceeds that of disease. We quantify inferred effects of single medications, their combinations as well as additive effects, and show that the latter shift the metabolome and microbiome towards a healthier state, exemplified in synergistic reduction in serum atherogenic lipoproteins by statins combined with aspirin, or enrichment of intestinal Roseburia by diuretic agents combined with beta-blockers. Several antibiotics exhibit a quantitative relationship between the number of courses prescribed and progression towards a microbiome state that is associated with the severity of cardiometabolic disease. We also report a relationship between cardiometabolic drug dosage, improvement in clinical markers and microbiome composition, supporting direct drug effects. Taken together, our computational framework and resulting resources enable the disentanglement of the effects of drugs and disease on host and microbiome features in multimedicated individuals. Furthermore, the robust signatures identified using our framework provide new hypotheses for drug–host–microbiome interactions in cardiometabolic disease.
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| 6. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bravard, Amélie, et al.
(författare)
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Metformin treatment for 8days impacts multiple intestinal parameters in high-fat high-sucrose fed mice
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the mechanism of action of the antidiabetic drug metformin is still a matter of discussions, it is well accepted that the gut plays an important role. To gain more insights into the mechanisms occurring in the different regions of the intestine, adult male mice were fed a high-fat-high sucrose (HFS) diet for 8days and treated with metformin by gavage (300mg/day/kg body weight) during the HFS diet. Metformin counteracted HFS diet-induced overexpression of a network of genes involved in the transport of glucose and fatty acids in the different regions of the small intestine. It also induced beneficial modification of secondary bile acid profile in the caecum, with a reduction of deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid levels and increased abundance of ursodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid, potentially leading to FRX inhibition. In parallel, metformin treatment was associated with specific changes of the microbiota composition in the lumen of the different regions of the intestine. Metformin induced a marked increase in the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in the lumen all along the gut and counteracted the effects of HFS diet on the abundances of some bacterial groups generally associated with metabolic disturbances (f-Lachnospiraceae, f-Petostreptococcaceae, g-Clostidium). Therefore, the present work clearly emphasises the role of all the regions of the intestinal tract in the beneficial action of the antidiabetic drug metformin in a prediabetic mouse model.
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| 9. |
- Debette, Stéphanie, et al.
(författare)
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Common variation in PHACTR1 is associated with susceptibility to cervical artery dissection
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 47, s. 78-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cervical artery dissection (CeAD), a mural hematoma in a carotid or vertebral artery, is a major cause of ischemic stroke in young adults although relatively uncommon in the general population (incidence of 2.6/100,000 per year)1. Minor cervical traumas, infection, migraine and hypertension are putative risk factors1–3, and inverse associations with obesity and hypercholesterolemia are described3,4. No confirmed genetic susceptibility factors have been identified using candidate gene approaches5. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 1 1,393 CeAD cases and 1 14,416 controls. The rs9349379[G] allele (PHACTR1) was associated with lower CeAD risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.69–0.82; P = 4.46 × 1 10−10), with confirmation in independent follow-up samples (659 CeAD cases and 2,648 controls; P = 3.91 1 × 1 10−3; combined P = 1 1.00 × 1 10−1111). The rs9349379[G] allele was previously shown to be associated with lower risk of migraine and increased risk of myocardial infarction6–9. Deciphering the mechanisms underlying this pleiotropy might provide important information on the biological underpinnings of these disabling conditions.
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| 10. |
- Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure, et al.
(författare)
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From leaf to continent : The multi-scale distribution of an invasive cryptic pathogen complex on oak
- 2018
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Ingår i: Fungal ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 36, s. 39-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spatial distribution and niche differentiation of three closely related species (Erysiphe alphitoides, Erysiphe quercicola and Erysiphe hypophylla) causing oak powdery mildew was studied at scales ranging from the European continent, where they are invasive, to a single leaf. While E. alphitoides was dominant at all scales, E. quercicola and E. hypophylla had restricted geographic, stand and leaf distributions. The large-scale distributions were likely explained by climatic factors and species environmental tolerances, with E. quercicola being more frequent in warmer climates and E. hypophylla in colder climates. The extensive sampling and molecular analyses revealed the cryptic invasion of E. quercicola in nine countries from which it had not previously been recorded. The presence of the three species was also strongly affected by host factors, such as oak species and developmental stage. Segregation patterns between Erysiphe species were observed at the leaf scale, between and within leaf surfaces, suggesting competitive effects.
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| 11. |
- Diler, Erwan, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of corrosion products of Zn and Zn-Mg-Al coated steel in a marine atmosphere
- 2014
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 87, s. 111-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The corrosion behaviour of pure zinc and zinc-magnesium-aluminium alloy (ZMA) has been studied during 6months of exposure in marine environment (Brest, France). The composition of corrosion products is analysed using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). An improved corrosion resistance of ZMA is observed. This improvement is found to be connected to Mg2+ and Al3+ induced quenching of corrosion activity and to the enhancement of NaZn4Cl(OH)6SO4·6H2O in the formed corrosion product.
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| 12. |
- Diler, Erwan, et al.
(författare)
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Chemistry of corrosion products of Zn and MgZn pure phases under atmospheric conditions
- 2012
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 65, s. 178-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a corrosion behaviour study of pure phases of zinc and zinc-magnesium contaminated with NaCl and exposed to humid air for 30days: Zn, Mg 2Zn 11 and MgZn 2. The composition of corrosion products is analysed using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ion chromatography (IC), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The improved corrosion stability of MgZn 2 is found to be connected to changes in the surface pH and to the nature of the formed corrosion products. The presence of magnesium modifies the proportion of the OH and CO 3 bonds in the corroded products. This explains the improvement in corrosion resistance.
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| 13. |
- Diler, Erwan, et al.
(författare)
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Initial formation of corrosion products on pure zinc and MgZn2 examinated by XPS
- 2014
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 79, s. 83-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A corrosion behaviour study of pure phases of zinc and zinc-magnesium (MgZn2) exposed to humid air at 35°C for 4days is presented. For zinc, hydroxide formation at the surface and zinc oxide in the first innerlayers is observed. The corrosion of the MgZn2 leads to the segregation of magnesium at the surface to mainly form magnesium hydroxycarbonate: the presence of magnesium modifies the corrosion products. At larger depths, metallic zinc coexists with magnesium oxide and hydrozincite. The higher reactivity of MgZn2 alloy can be attributed to the interaction with carbonate ions.
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| 14. |
- Diler, Erwan, et al.
(författare)
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Stability of ZnMgO oxide in a weak alkaline solution
- 2012
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 520:7, s. 2819-2823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a chemical compound of great interest used, for example, as photocatalyst in the purification of wastewater or polluted air. However, neither dissolution, nor photo-dissolution of ZnO is negligible: indeed, both processes reduce significantly the efficiency of photocatalysis and then lead to a secondary pollution by free Zn 2 +. In the present study, the stability of ZnMgO thin films in weak alkaline solution is investigated. We demonstrate that the replacement of Zn 2 + ion with Mg 2 + ion results in the production of a Zn 0.84Mg 0.16O solid solution, whose stability is higher than that of the ZnO sample. This alloy, thus, constitutes an alternative to the use of ZnO in photocatalysis applications. To gain more insights into the higher resistance of such alloys to the dissolution process, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were performed. They highlighted the role of OH group adsorption in the experimentally observed enhancement of ZnMgO stability.
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| 15. |
- Druwé, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Perception of inappropriate cardiopulmonary resuscitation by clinicians working in emergency departments and ambulance services : The REAPPROPRIATE international, multi-centre, cross sectional survey
- 2018
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 132, s. 112-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is often started irrespective of comorbidity or cause of arrest. We aimed to determine the prevalence of perception of inappropriate CPR of the last cardiac arrest encountered by clinicians working in emergency departments and out-of-hospital, factors associated with perception, and its relation to patient outcome.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 288 centres in 24 countries. Factors associated with perception of CPR and outcome were analyzed by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests and conditional logistic models.Results: Of the 4018 participating clinicians, 3150 (78.4%) perceived their last CPR attempt as appropriate, 548 (13.6%) were uncertain about its appropriateness and 320 (8.0%) perceived inappropriateness; survival to hospital discharge was 370/2412 (15.3%), 8/481 (1.7%) and 8/294 (2.7%) respectively. After adjusting for country, team and clinician's characteristics, the prevalence of perception of inappropriate CPR was higher for a non-shockable initial rhythm (OR 3.76 [2.13-6.64]; P < .0001), a non-witnessed arrest (2.68 [1.89-3.79]; P < .0001), in older patients (2.94 [2.18-3.96]; P < .0001, for patients > 79 years) and in case of a "poor" first physical impression of the patient (3.45 [2.36-5.05]; P < .0001). In accordance, non-shockable and non-witnessed arrests were both associated with lower survival to hospital discharge (0.33 [0.26 - 0.41]; P < 0.0001 and 0.25 [0.15 - 0.41]; P < 0.0001, respectively), as were older patient age (0.25 [0.14 - 0.44]; P < 0.0001 for patients > 79 years) and a "poor" first physical impression (0.26 [0.19-0.35]; P < 0.0001).Conclusions: The perception of inappropriate CPR increased when objective indicators of poor prognosis were present and was associated with a low survival to hospital discharge. Factoring clinical judgment into the decision to (not) attempt CPR may reduce harm inflicted by excessive resuscitation attempts.
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| 16. |
- Estrada, Sergio, et al.
(författare)
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[C-11]UCB-A, a novel PET tracer for synaptic vesicle protein 2 A
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 43:6, s. 325-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Development of a selective and specific high affinity PET tracer, [C-11]UCB-A, for the in vivo study of SV2A expression in humans. Radiochemistry and preclinical studies in rats and pigs including development of a tracer kinetic model to determine V-T. A method for the measurement of percent intact tracer in plasma was developed and the radiation dosimetry was determined in rats. Results: 3-5 GBq of [C-11]UCB-A could be produced with radiochemical purity exceeding 98% with a specific radioactivity of around 65 GBq/mu mol. In vitro binding showed high selective binding towards SV2A. [C-11]UCB-A displayed a dose-dependent and reversible binding to SV2A as measured with PET in rats and pigs and the V-T could be determined by Logan analysis. The dosimetry was favorable and low enough to allow multiple administrations of [C-11]UCB-A to healthy volunteers, and the metabolite analysis showed no sign of labeled metabolites in brain. Conclusions: We have developed the novel PET tracer, [C-11]UCB-A, that can be used to measure SV2A expression in vivo. The dosimetry allows up to 5 administrations of 400 MBq of [C-11]UCB-A in humans. Apart from measuring drug occupancy, as we have shown, the tracer can potentially be used to compare SV2A expression between individuals because of the rather narrow range of baseline V-T values. This will have to be further validated in human studies.
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| 17. |
- Gaillard, Francois, et al.
(författare)
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Use of computed tomography assessed kidney length to predict split renal GFR in living kidney donors
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : SPRINGER. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 27:2, s. 651-659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Screening of living kidney donors may require scintigraphy to split glomerular filtration rate (GFR). To determine the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) to split GFR, we compared scintigraphy-split GFR to CT-split GFR. We evaluated CT-split GFR as a screening test to detect scintigraphy-split GFR lower than 40 mL/min/1.73 m(2)/kidney. This was a monocentric retrospective study on 346 potential living donors who had GFR measurement, renal scintigraphy, and CT. We predicted GFR for each kidney by splitting GFR using the following formula: Volume-split GFR for a given kidney = measured GFR*[volume of this kidney/(volume of this kidney + volume of the opposite kidney)]. The same formula was used for length-split GFR. We compared length- and volume-split GFR to scintigraphy-split GFR at donation and with a 4-year follow-up. A better correlation was observed between length-split GFR and scintigraphy-split GFR (r = 0.92) than between volume-split GFR and scintigraphy-split GFR (r = 0.89). A length-split GFR threshold of 45 mL/min/1.73 m(2)/kidney had a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 75 % to detect scintigraphy-split GFR less than 40 mL/min/1.73 m(2)/kidney. Both techniques with their respective thresholds detected living donors with similar eGFR evolution during follow-up. Length-split GFR can be used to detect patients requiring scintigraphy. aEuro cent Excellent correlation between kidney length and scintigraphy predicted GFR aEuro cent Kidney length screening detects all donors with GFR lower than 40 mL/min/1.73 m (2) aEuro cent Kidney length screening can replace scintigraphy screening.
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| 18. |
- Hollestelle, Antoinette, et al.
(författare)
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No clinical utility of KRAS variant rs61764370 for ovarian or breast cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: Gynecologic Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0090-8258 .- 1095-6859. ; 141:2, s. 386-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Clinical genetic testing is commercially available for rs61764370, an inherited variant residing in a KRAS 3′ UTR microRNA binding site, based on suggested associations with increased ovarian and breast cancer risk as well as with survival time. However, prior studies, emphasizing particular subgroups, were relatively small. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated ovarian and breast cancer risks as well as clinical outcome associated with rs61764370. Methods Centralized genotyping and analysis were performed for 140,012 women enrolled in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (15,357 ovarian cancer patients; 30,816 controls), the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (33,530 breast cancer patients; 37,640 controls), and the Consortium of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (14,765 BRCA1 and 7904 BRCA2 mutation carriers). Results We found no association with risk of ovarian cancer (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.04, p = 0.74) or breast cancer (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.94-1.01, p = 0.19) and results were consistent among mutation carriers (BRCA1, ovarian cancer HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.97-1.23, p = 0.14, breast cancer HR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.97-1.12, p = 0.27; BRCA2, ovarian cancer HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.71-1.13, p = 0.34, breast cancer HR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.94-1.19, p = 0.35). Null results were also obtained for associations with overall survival following ovarian cancer (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.83-1.07, p = 0.38), breast cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.87-1.06, p = 0.38), and all other previously-reported associations. Conclusions rs61764370 is not associated with risk of ovarian or breast cancer nor with clinical outcome for patients with these cancers. Therefore, genotyping this variant has no clinical utility related to the prediction or management of these cancers.
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| 19. |
- Ibata, Rodrigo, et al.
(författare)
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Charting the Galactic Acceleration Field. I. A Search for Stellar Streams with Gaia DR2 and EDR3 with Follow-up from ESPaDOnS and UVES
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 914:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present maps of the stellar streams detected in the Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) and Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) catalogs using the STREAMFINDER algorithm. We also report the spectroscopic follow-up of the brighter DR2 stream members obtained with the high-resolution CFHT/ESPaDOnS and VLT/UVES spectrographs as well as with the medium-resolution NTT/EFOSC2 spectrograph. Two new stellar streams that do not have a clear progenitor are detected in DR2 (named Hrid and Gunnthra), and seven are detected in EDR3 (named Gaia-6 to Gaia-12). Several candidate streams are also identified. The software also finds very long tidal tails associated with the 15 globular clusters: NGC 288, NGC 1261, NGC 1851, NGC 2298, NGC 2808, NGC 3201, M68, omega Cen, NGC 5466, Palomar 5, M5, NGC 6101, M92, NGC 6397, and NGC 7089. These stellar streams will be used in subsequent contributions in this series to chart the properties of the Galactic acceleration field on similar to 100 pc to similar to 100 kpc scales.
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| 20. |
- Jönsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Functional impairment in patients with major depressive disorder : The 2-year PERFORM study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. - : Dove Medical Press Ltd. - 1178-2021 .- 1178-2021. ; 14, s. 239-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Prospective Epidemiological Research on Functioning Outcomes Related to Major depressive disorder (PERFORM) study describes the course of depressive symptoms, perceived cognitive symptoms, and functional impairment over 2 years in outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and investigates the patient-related factors associated with functional impairment. Methods: This was a 2-year observational study in 1,159 outpatients with MDD aged 18-65 years who were either initiating antidepressant monotherapy or undergoing their first switch of antidepressant. Functional impairment was assessed by the Sheehan Disability Scale and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire. Patients assessed depression severity using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire and severity of perceived cognitive symptoms using the five-item Perceived Deficit Questionnaire. To investigate which patient-related factors were associated with functional impairment, univariate analyses of variance were performed to identify relevant factors that were then included in multivariate analyses of covariance at baseline, month 2, months 6 and 12 combined, and months 18 and 24 combined. Results: The greatest improvement in depressive symptoms, perceived cognitive symptoms, and functional impairment was seen immediately (within 2 months) following initiation or switch of antidepressant therapy, followed by more gradual improvement and long-term stabilization. Improvement in perceived cognitive symptoms was less marked than improvement in depressive symptoms during the acute treatment phase. Functional impairment in patients with MDD was not only associated with severity of depressive symptoms but also independently associated with severity of perceived cognitive symptoms when adjusted for depression severity throughout the 2 years of follow-up. Conclusion: These findings highlight the burden of functional impairment in MDD and the importance of recognizing and managing cognitive symptoms in daily practice.
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| 21. |
- Larché, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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Localized corrosion of lean duplex stainless steels in H2S-containing wet atmosphere from urban wastewater treatment units
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 0947-5117 .- 1521-4176. ; :11, s. 1730-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With lower alloying costs and higher mechanical properties, lean duplex stainless steels can be a good alternative to the more commonly used austenitic stainless steels. A study was initiated to define the limits of the use of lean duplex stainless steels for urban wastewater treatment (WWT) units. This paper gives and discusses the corrosion results in an aerated wet atmosphere containing H2S at different levels. Exposures were performed both at laboratory scale and in the field WWT plant for 1 year. A specific probe was also designed to study the corrosion process below water condensate film contaminated with H2S. Under such conditions, the properties of stainless steel were strongly modified with an enhanced risk of localized corrosion. The results obtained on lean duplex materials (UNS S32101, S32202, and S32304) are compared with austenitic UNS S30403 and UNS S31603 and with the more standard duplexes UNS S82441 and UNS S32205. The results show that lean duplexes can be used in aerated wet atmospheres in case of moderate contamination of H2S (<10 ppm) and chloride (<200 ppm). For higher contaminations (e.g., H2S around 100 ppm/chloride around 1000 ppm) the duplex S32205 should be preferred.
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| 22. |
- Larché, Nicolas, et al.
(författare)
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Localized corrosion of (lean) duplex stainless steels in immersion units of urban wastewater treatment plants
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 0947-5117 .- 1521-4176. ; 72:8, s. 1338-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With lower alloying cost and higher mechanical properties, lean duplex stainless steels can be an alternative to the more commonly used austenitic stainless steels. However, these alloys are still not the preferred choice, probably due to a lack of field experience. A study was thus initiated in view of defining the limits of use of selected (lean) duplexes for urban wastewater treatment units. The present paper shows the localized corrosion performance of selected lean duplexes in chloride contaminated solutions. The results are compared with austenitic S30403 and S31603 and with the more standard duplexes S82441 and S32205. The effect of welding was also investigated. Exposures in field municipal wastewater plants were conducted for 1 year in low and high chloride content units. The results show that lean duplexes S32101 and S32202 can be used as alternatives to S30403 and S31603 in low chloride electrolytes. At 500 ppm of chloride content, duplex stainless steel S32304 showed better corrosion resistance than S30403 and S31603. For higher chloride contents (1000 ppm and above) the standard duplexes S82441 and S32205 shall be preferred.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Molinaro, Antonio, et al.
(författare)
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Imidazole propionate is increased in diabetes and associated with dietary patterns and altered microbial ecology
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbiota-host-diet interactions contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. Imidazole propionate is a novel microbially produced metabolite from histidine, which impairs glucose metabolism. Here, we show that subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in the MetaCardis cohort from three European countries have elevated serum imidazole propionate levels. Furthermore, imidazole propionate levels were increased in subjects with low bacterial gene richness and Bacteroides 2 enterotype, which have previously been associated with obesity. The Bacteroides 2 enterotype was also associated with increased abundance of the genes involved in imidazole propionate biosynthesis from dietary histidine. Since patients and controls did not differ in their histidine dietary intake, the elevated levels of imidazole propionate in type 2 diabetes likely reflects altered microbial metabolism of histidine, rather than histidine intake per se. Thus the microbiota may contribute to type 2 diabetes by generating imidazole propionate that can modulate host inflammation and metabolism.
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| 25. |
- Prestat, Michel, et al.
(författare)
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Cathodic Corrosion of Zinc under Potentiostatic Conditions in NaCl Solutions
- 2018
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Ingår i: ChemElectroChem. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 2196-0216. ; 5:8, s. 1203-1211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zinc electrodes were polarized cathodically at moderate overpotentials in NaCl 0.6 M solutions under potentiostatic conditions for 7 to 17 hours at room temperature. Corrosion products were characterized by using optical microscopy, XRD, Raman microscopy, XPS, and FIB-SEM. Close to the open-circuit potential, the corrosion products were formed by simonkolleite and the electrochemical response exhibits anodic features. At more negative potentials, the current density remains cathodic throughout the polarization and the deposits on the electrode surface consist almost solely of ZnO. The soluble zinc species necessary for ZnO deposition originate from localized dissolution of the substrate in the form of pits. This effect is assigned to the strong alkalinization of the surface due to oxygen reduction. Despite developing greater surface area than bare zinc substrates, the nanostructured ZnO deposits reduced the cathodic activity.
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| 26. |
- Prestat, Michel, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure and spatial distribution of corrosion products anodically grown on zinc in chloride solutions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Electrochemistry communications. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 1388-2481 .- 1873-1902. ; 81, s. 56-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zinc substrates were electrochemically oxidized in NaCl solution to produce corrosion patinas. XRD, XPS and Raman analyses enabled the identification of simonkolleite and zinc oxide as the patina constituents. FIB-SEM imaging shows that the upper part of the patinas is a network of simonkolleite nanosheets with an open microstructure that is unlikely to act as a significant barrier for corrosion processes. STEM investigations and Raman mapping measurements reveal the presence of a ca. 20–400 nm thin nanoporous ZnO-rich film below the simonkolleite and covering the zinc substrate. Under potentiostatic conditions, the reduced cathodic activity of the patina-covered zinc electrodes is assigned to this nanoporous ZnO layer.
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| 27. |
- Reverté, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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National records of 3000 European bee and hoverfly species : A contribution to pollinator conservation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Insect Conservation and Diversity. - 1752-458X. ; 16:6, s. 758-775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pollinators play a crucial role in ecosystems globally, ensuring the seed production of most flowering plants. They are threatened by global changes and knowledge of their distribution at the national and continental levels is needed to implement efficient conservation actions, but this knowledge is still fragmented and/or difficult to access. As a step forward, we provide an updated list of around 3000 European bee and hoverfly species, reflecting their current distributional status at the national level (in the form of present, absent, regionally extinct, possibly extinct or non-native). This work was attainable by incorporating both published and unpublished data, as well as knowledge from a large set of taxonomists and ecologists in both groups. After providing the first National species lists for bees and hoverflies for many countries, we examine the current distributional patterns of these species and designate the countries with highest levels of species richness. We also show that many species are recorded in a single European country, highlighting the importance of articulating European and national conservation strategies. Finally, we discuss how the data provided here can be combined with future trait and Red List data to implement research that will further advance pollinator conservation.
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| 28. |
- Rioual, Stephane, et al.
(författare)
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Development of low-cost RFID sensors dedicated to air pollution monitoring for preventive conservation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Heritage Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 2050-7445. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monitoring of atmospheric pollutants is a key point for preventive conservation since these species are known to impact the integrity of many artifacts including metals, papers, pigment and textiles. The problem can be amplified in closed environments, like in exhibition rooms and showcases, where temperature and relative humidity gradients and levels can introduce additional micro-climatic problems. One objective of the EU-SensMat project concerns the development of low cost and low visual nuisance sensors sensitive to these pollutants, making them affordable for all museums including small ones. For this purpose, the Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology was considered to produce air-quality sensors based on reactive metallic dosimeter. Besides the low cost, they can be easily integrated to other existing RFID applications such as identification tasks since the interrogation is made with a commercial UHF-RFID reader. The description and the main features of these sensors are discussed in this paper. Moreover, as it will be shown, the subsequent chemical analysis of the sensitive part of the sensors provide useful information to determine the origin of the pollutants. © 2022, The Author(s).
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| 29. |
- Rioual, Stephane, et al.
(författare)
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Monitoring of the environmental corrosivity in museums by rfid sensors : Application to pollution emitted by archeological woods
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The control of air quality in museums or storages is of fundamental interest for the conservation of historic artifacts. The present work reports an example of application of RFID sensors developed in the European project SensMat and dedicated to this issue. The sensors are based on the variation of property of an RFID tag coupled with a sensitive silver thin film exposed to the environment. As it will be described in the paper, such low-cost sensors are interrogated by a commercial reader and provide the environmental corrosivity index and thus the presence of pollutants. The selected case study concerns the monitoring of pollution by H2S in a building dedicated to conservation and restoration of archeological and historical woods. The ability of sensors to map spatially the corrosivity within buildings is highlighted. © 2021 by the authors.
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| 30. |
- Soares Costa, Jisane, et al.
(författare)
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Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis of Structural Defects in Sputtered ZnO Films
- 2020
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Ingår i: ChemElectroChem. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 2196-0216. ; 7:9, s. 2055-2064
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The degradation of sputtered columnar ZnO layers under DC polarization was studied by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electron microscopy. It was found that the structure of the as-deposited ZnO film was dense at the nanoscale. An equivalent circuit model including de Levie impedance accounted for the localized propagation of microscale cracks towards the copper substrate. This generates a capacitance (CZnO) that represents the crack surface area in contact with the electrolyte. CZnO is small enough not to be obscured by the double layer capacitance at the top of the layers and increases with increasingly negative potential and time. These results were compared to nanoporous ZnO layers that behave differently and exhibit a large CZnO. The combination of in situ EIS analysis with the ex situ structural information provided by electron microscopy proved to be an efficient methodology to characterize very different microstructures of conductive coatings.
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| 31. |
- Van den Bulcke, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical climate and intention to leave among critical care clinicians: an observational study in 68 intensive care units across Europe and the United States.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Intensive care medicine. - 1432-1238. ; 46:1, s. 46-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apart from organizational issues, quality of inter-professional collaboration during ethical decision-making may affect the intention to leave one's job. To determine whether ethical climate is associated with the intention to leave after adjustment for country, ICU and clinicians characteristics.Perceptions of the ethical climate among clinicians working in 68 adult ICUs in 12 European countries and the US were measured using a self-assessment questionnaire, together with job characteristics and intent to leave as a sub-analysis of the Dispropricus study. The validated ethical decision-making climate questionnaire included seven factors: not avoiding decision-making at end-of-life (EOL), mutual respect within the interdisciplinary team, open interdisciplinary reflection, ethical awareness, self-reflective physician leadership, active decision-making at end-of-life by physicians, and involvement of nurses in EOL. Hierarchical mixed effect models were used to assess associations between these factors, and the intent to leave in clinicians within ICUs, within the different countries.Of 3610 nurses and 1137 physicians providing ICU bedside care, 63.1% and 62.9% participated, respectively. Of 2992 participating clinicians, 782 (26.1%) had intent to leave, of which 27% nurses, 24% junior and 22.7% senior physicians. After adjustment for country, ICU and clinicians characteristics, mutual respect OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.66- 0.90), open interdisciplinary reflection (OR 0.73 [95% CI 0.62-0.86]) and not avoiding EOL decisions (OR 0.87 [95% CI 0.77-0.98]) were all associated with a lower intent to leave.This is the first large multicenter study showing an independent association between clinicians' intent to leave and the quality of the ethical climate in the ICU. Interventions to reduce intent to leave may be most effective when they focus on improving mutual respect, interdisciplinary reflection and active decision-making at EOL.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Yasri, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Fundamental basis of electromagnetic wave propagation in a zinc microstrip lines during its corrosion
- 2016
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 223, s. 352-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new method for corrosion monitoring based on the change of the radiofrequency (RF) wave propagation in a microstrip line during its corrosion is presented. For that purpose, the microstrip line is produced in the same metal as the mechanical structure under monitoring. Zinc material is considered in the study since it allows an investigation of uniform as well as localized corrosion when chloride is used. Experimental data and simulations results provide fundamental basis on the sensing mechanisms of the method and evidence the possibility to detect the created corrosion species and to distinguish between localized and uniform corrosion processes. As the consequence, the proposed method should be considered as promising and reliable tool for corrosion monitoring of several materials exposed to various environments
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| 34. |
- Yasri, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave characterization of materials during corrosion : Application to wireless sensors
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Microwave Week 2015. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9782874870392 ; , s. 267-270
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new method for corrosion monitoring of metals and alloys is presented. It is based on the change of the radiofrequency (RF) wave propagation in a microstrip line during its corrosion. The microstrip line is produced in the same metal as the mechanical structure under monitoring. The studied frequencies correspond to the ISM bands. During the corrosion process, measured transmission decreases from 0 to 40 dB. This lost is clearly explained by simulations. Consequently, experimental data and simulations results provide fundamental basis on the sensing mechanisms of the method and evidence, in particular, the possibility to distinguish between localized and uniform corrosion. Due to the nature of the method, the sensitive microstrip can be very easily integrated through different architectures into RF wireless sensors. As the consequence, the proposed method should be considered as promising and reliable tool for corrosion monitoring of several materials exposed to various environments.
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