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- Porter, Richard T. J., et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economic assessment of CO2 quality effect on its storage and transport : CO(2)QUEST An overview of aims, objectives and main findings
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 1750-5836 .- 1878-0148. ; 54, s. 662-681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides an overview of the aims, objectives and the main findings of the CO(2)QUEST FP7 collaborative project, funded by the European Commission and designed to address the fundamentally important and urgent issues regarding the impact of the typical impurities in CO2 streams captured from fossil fuel power plants and other CO2 intensive industries on their safe and economic pipeline transportation and storage. The main features and results recorded from some of the unique test facilities constructed as part of the project are presented. These include an extensively instrumented realistic-scale test pipeline for conducting pipeline rupture and dispersion tests in China, an injection test facility in France to study the mobility of trace metallic elements contained in a CO2 stream following injection near a shallow-water qualifier and fluid/rock interactions and well integrity experiments conducted using a fully instrumented deep-well CO2/impurities injection test facility in Israel. The above, along with the various unique mathematical models developed, provide the fundamentally important tools needed to define impurity tolerance levels, mixing protocols and control measures for pipeline networks and storage infrastructure, thus contributing to the development of relevant standards for the safe design and economic operation of CCS.
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- Wolf, J. L., et al.
(författare)
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2D reactive transport simulations of CO2 streams containing impurities in a saline aquifer, Heletz, Israel
- 2017
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Ingår i: 13Th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Ghgt-13. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 3537-3546
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to evaluate the chemical impacts of CO2 stream impurities on reservoir rocks, 2D reactive transport simulations using the code TOUGHREACT V3.0 were performed. The underlying reservoir properties are based on in-situ data from the CO2 injection test site Heletz, Israel. Two different CO2 compositions (mole fractions 99 % CO2 + 1 % SO2 and 98.8 % CO2 + 1 % SO2 + 0.2 % NO2, respectively) were chosen to represent oxidising impurities. Different modelling approaches, namely trace gas transport (TGT) and additional brine injection (ABI), were applied to investigate the influence of these modelling approaches on qualitative and quantitative simulation results. The simulations using either approach show an accumulation of SO2 and NO2 close to the injection well due to the preferential dissolution of these acidic impurities compared to CO2. Both modelling approaches indicate the same general chemical impact and related mineral reactions. Within the affected rock volume a distinct ankerite to anhydrite conversion occurs, which slightly enhances porosity. While the same qualitative conclusions independently from the chosen modelling approach were obtained, the quantitative magnitude of mineral conversion and the spatial extent of impurity affected rock material depend on the chosen modelling approach and thus need further investigation with respect to e.g. validation by field test data. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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- Edlmann, K., et al.
(författare)
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Lessons learned from using expert elicitation to identify, assess and rank the potential leakage scenarios at the Heletz pilot CO2 injection site
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 1750-5836 .- 1878-0148. ; 49, s. 473-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expert elicitation is a useful approach to synthesis expert knowledge, experience and insight when the input data and analysis is limited. During the early stages of the EU FP7 MUSTANG pilot CO2 injection experiment at Heletz, Israel there was very little input data available, yet decisions had to be made regarding data collection, drilling, operation and monitoring strategies. An expert elicitation study was undertaken to identify, assess and rank potential CO2 leakage scenarios at Heletz to provide guidance to support the decision making processes. This paper presents a critique of the expert elicitation process undertaken, presenting the methodology and a discussion of the results. We present the lessons learned during the expert elicitation process, highlighting its advantages and limitations and provide suggestions on ways to overcome these limitations. Our findings show that prudent expert elicitation can make a valuable contribution to decision making, however if done improperly it can equally lead to invalid or misleading results and wrong decisions.
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- Edlmann, K., et al.
(författare)
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Mineralogical properties of the caprock and reservoir sandstone of the Heletz field scale experimental CO2 injection site, Israel; and their initial sensitivity to CO2 injection
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 1750-5836 .- 1878-0148. ; 48, s. 94-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the initial database of the mineralogy of the caprock and reservoir sandstones of the Heletz field scale experimental CO2 injection site, Israel. The XRD mineralogy results show that the Heletz caprock has K-feldspar as the primary mineral (40%) followed by kaolinite (15%) and plagioclase feldspar (12%) then illite (6%) and muscovite (6%) with minor quartz, calcite, pyrite, chlorite and ankerite with traces of siderite. The Heletz reservoir rock is primarily quartz (70%) followed by K-feldspar (12%) and plagioclase feldspar (4%) with minor illite, kaolinite, muscovite, chlorite ankerite and pyrite with traces of dolomite, calcite and siderite. "Cook and look" bench experiments were conducted on the Heletz caprock and reservoir sandstone samples to identify if there was any immediate mineral reactivity that would influence permeability on exposure to CO2 that may cause concerns during well completion and initial injection of CO2 at Heletz. The sandstone exhibited reactivity under brine dis-equilibrium which was observed in the field with loss of injectivity which was restored by injecting KCL into the well and performing 20 swab-suctions. The caprock revealed no reactivity of immediate concern to the well completion and injection strategy and will retain its integrity.
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- Moghadasi, Ramin, et al.
(författare)
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Determining Gas Re-Mobilization and Critical Saturation : From Field Scale CO2 Injection Experiments to Pore-Scale Modelling
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference (GHGT-16) 23-24 Oct 2022. - : Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Residual trapping is a key mechanism in geological CO2 storage, which is quantitively characterized by residual gas saturation (Sgr). Remobilization of residually trapped CO2 can occur during pressure depletion, which can take place due to dissipation of near wellbore pressure build-up or any type of leakage. The occurrence of remobilization is characterized quantitively by critical gas saturation (Sgc). In this study, we present the first ever field-scale observations of trapped gas remobilization in the context of CO2 storage. We then present the preliminary results from pore-network modelling (PNM) study using a 3D network constructed from a series of X-ray computed tomography (CT) on Heletz sandstone. Our findings provide a multi-scale insight into the remobilization process in the context of CO2 storage and outline future work in terms of modelling the process to achieve a better assessment of stability of CO2 residual trapping in long-terms.
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- Niemi, Auli, et al.
(författare)
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Chapter 8: Field Injection Operations and Monitoring of the Injected CO2
- 2017
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Ingår i: Geological Storage Of Co2In Deep Saline Formations. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789402409949 - 9789402409963 ; , s. 381-471
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monitoring the fate of the injected CO2 and possible associated effects, such as hydro-mechanical and chemical effects in the target reservoir and its surroundings, is essential for safe operation of a storage facility. In this chapter, we shall first provide an overview of the technologies available and used for monitoring of CO2. We shall then proceed to describe specific methods and finally present some important case studies that will demonstrate the use of the discussed monitoring technologies under specific field settings.
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- Rasmusson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of alternative push-pull-test-designs for determining in situ residual trapping of carbon dioxide
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 1750-5836 .- 1878-0148. ; 27, s. 155-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon dioxide storage in deep saline aquifers is a promising technique to reduce direct emissions of greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. To ensure safe storage the in situ trapping mechanisms, residual trapping being one of them, need to be characterized. This study aims to compare three alternative single-well carbon dioxide push-pull test sequences for their ability to quantify residual gas trapping. The three tests are based on the proposed test sequence by Zhang et al. (2011) for estimating residual gas saturation. A new alternative way to create residual gas conditions in situ incorporating withdrawal and a novel indicator-tracer approach has been investigated. Further the value of additional pressure measurements from a nearby passive observation well was evaluated. The iTOUGH2 simulator with the EOS7C module was used for sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation. Results show that the indicator-tracer approach could be used to create residual conditions without increasing estimation uncertainty of S-gr. Additional pressure measurements from a passive observation well would reduce the uncertainty in the S-gr estimate. The findings of the study can be used to develop field experiments for site characterization.
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