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- Cousin, E., et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-8587. ; 10:3, s. 177-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990-2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73.7% (68.3 to 77.4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0.50 (0.44 to 0.58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97.5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0.13 (0.12 to 0.14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0.60 (0.51 to 0.70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0.71 (0.60 to 0.86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r(2)=0.62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17.0% (-28.4 to -2.9) for all diabetes, and by 21.0% (-33.0 to -5.9) when considering only type 1 diabetes. However, the low SDI quintile had the lowest decline for both all diabetes (-13.6% [-28.4 to 3.4]) and for type 1 diabetes (-13.6% [-29.3 to 8.9]). Interpretation Decreasing diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years remains an important challenge, especially in low and low-middle SDI countries. Inadequate diagnosis and treatment of diabetes is likely to be major contributor to these early deaths, highlighting the urgent need to provide better access to insulin and basic diabetes education and care. This mortality metric, derived from readily available and frequently updated GBD data, can help to monitor preventable diabetes-related deaths over time globally, aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Targets, and serve as an indicator of the adequacy of basic diabetes care for type 1 and type 2 diabetes across nations. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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- Fenske, J., et al.
(författare)
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BEER-The Beamline for European Materials Engineering Research at the ESS
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 746:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Beamline for European Materials Engineering Research (BEER) will be built at the European Spallation Source (ESS). The diffractometer utilizes the high brilliance of the long-pulse neutron source and offers high instrument flexibility. It includes a novel chopper technique that extracts several short pulses out of the long pulse, leading to substantial intensity gain of up to an order of magnitude compared to pulse shaping methods for materials with high crystal symmetry. This intensity gain is achieved without compromising resolution. Materials of lower crystal symmetry or multi-phase materials will be investigated by additional pulse shaping methods. The different chopper set-ups and advanced beam extracting techniques offer an extremely broad intensity/resolution range. Furthermore, BEER offers an option of simultaneous SANS or imaging measurements without compromising diffraction investigations. This flexibility opens up new possibilities for in-situ experiments studying materials processing and performance under operation conditions. To fulfil this task, advanced sample environments, dedicated to thermo-mechanical processing, are foreseen.
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| 11. |
- Lopes-Lima, M., et al.
(författare)
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Integrative phylogenetic, phylogeographic and morphological characterisation of the Unio crassus species complex reveals cryptic diversity with important conservation implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Academic Press Inc.. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global decline of freshwater mussels and their crucial ecological services highlight the need to understand their phylogeny, phylogeography and patterns of genetic diversity to guide conservation efforts. Such knowledge is urgently needed for Unio crassus, a highly imperilled species originally widespread throughout Europe and southwest Asia. Recent studies have resurrected several species from synonymy based on mitochondrial data, revealing U. crassus to be a complex of cryptic species. To address long-standing taxonomic uncertainties hindering effective conservation, we integrate morphometric, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic analyses to examine species diversity within the U. crassus complex across its entire range. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (815 specimens from 182 populations) and, for selected specimens, whole mitogenome sequences and Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) data on ∼ 600 nuclear loci. Mito-nuclear discordance was detected, consistent with mitochondrial DNA gene flow between some species during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Fossil-calibrated phylogenies based on AHE data support a Mediterranean origin for the U. crassus complex in the Early Miocene. The results of our integrative approach support 12 species in the group: the previously recognised Unio bruguierianus, Unio carneus, Unio crassus, Unio damascensis, Unio ionicus, Unio sesirmensis, and Unio tumidiformis, and the reinstatement of five nominal taxa: Unio desectus stat. rev., Unio gontierii stat. rev., Unio mardinensis stat. rev., Unio nanus stat. rev., and Unio vicarius stat. rev. Morphometric analyses of shell contours reveal important morphospace overlaps among these species, highlighting cryptic, but geographically structured, diversity. The distribution, taxonomy, phylogeography, and conservation of each species are succinctly described.
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- Granström, Brith, et al.
(författare)
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Return to work after oropharyngeal cancer treatment-Highlighting a growing working-age population
- 2020
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Ingår i: Head and Neck-Journal for the Sciences and Specialties of the Head and Neck. - : Wiley. - 1043-3074 .- 1097-0347. ; 42:8, s. 1893-1901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background To describe the frequency of patients returning to work after treatment for oropharyngeal cancer and to identify predictors and physical barriers that might interfere with the return to work process. Methods Cross-sectional study including 295 patients. Data were collected regarding work/sick leave situation at 1 month before diagnosis and 15 months after diagnosis. The situation before diagnosis was retrospectively recalled by the patients. Two subscales and two single items from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-H&N35 were used. Data were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression. Results Fifteen months after diagnosis, 212 patients (72%) were working. To be working 15 months after diagnosis was associated with working before diagnosis. Swallowing difficulties, problems talking on the telephone, and physical appearance were negatively associated with returning to work. Conclusions The large number of individuals returning to work is encouraging for patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer.
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- Ivanov, Sergey A., et al.
(författare)
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Crystal structure and antiferromagnetic spin ordering of LnFe(2/3)Mo(1/3)O(3) (Ln = Nd, Pr, Ce, La) perovskites
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 91:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stoichiometric polycrystalline samples of LnFe(2/3)Mo(1/3)O(3) (Ln = Nd, Pr, Ce, La) have been prepared by solid-state reaction and studied by means of x-ray and neutron powder diffraction as well as Mossbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. All samples were found to be of single phase and to have Pnma symmetry with valence state +3 of Fe and Mo. It is demonstrated that the B-site cations of LnFe(2/3)Mo(1/3)O(3) in accord with LnFeO(3) order in a G-type antiferromagnetic structure with the magnetic moments aligned along the b axis. However, with significantly lower Neel temperatures than their LnFeO(3) parent compounds. The Fe-O-Fe bond lengths and bond angles and thus themagnitude of the antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction are found to systematically change with the ionic radius of Ln such that T-N increases with increasing radius. Only the CeFe2/3Mo1/3O3 compound experiences a low temperature spin reorientation from alignment along the b axis to the a axis.
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| 16. |
- Ivanov, Sergey A., et al.
(författare)
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Perovskite solid solutions La0.75Bi0.25Fe1-xCrxO3 : Preparation, structural, and magnetic properties
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Solid State Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0022-4596 .- 1095-726X. ; 254, s. 166-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solid solutions of La0.75Bi0.25Fe1−xCrxO3 (x = 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) prepared by conventional solid state reaction have been studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), neutron powder diffraction (NPD) and magnetic measurements. The NPD and XRPD patterns indicate orthorhombic structure (space group Pnma) for all compositions in the whole temperature range investigated (4–900 K). The lattice parameters of La0.75Bi0.25Fe1−xCrxO3 were found to decrease with the Cr content. It was established that the Fe3+ and Cr3+ cations are randomly positioned at the B-site of the perovskite structure.All samples order antiferromagnetically below transition temperatures that decrease with increasing Cr content, from around 700 K for x = 0.1 to about 300 K for x = 0.75. The antiferromagnetic arrangement of the Fe3+/Cr3+ magnetic moments in the B-site is of G-type along the x-axis (Gx mode) with propagation vector k = (0,0,0) for all concentrations of Cr. Effects of the composition on several structural distortion parameters were investigated and an anomalous variation of the octahedral deformation with Cr content was found. Whilst the overall octahedral deformation varies irregularly with increasing Cr content, the octahedral tilting was found to decrease monotoneously.
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| 18. |
- Romey, I., et al.
(författare)
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Concept for a Decentralised Combined Heat and Power Generation Unit for Biomass Gasification
- 2001
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Ingår i: Progress in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion. - Oxford, UK : Wiley-Blackwell. - 9780470694954 ; , s. 499-508
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of an improved process for decentralised combined heat and power generation from biomass gasification was the main goal of this project. Based on gasification tests performed in a bench-scale pressurised fluidised gasifier a concept for an allothermal gasification unit was made. Air-blown as well as steam-blown tests were carried out considering three different kinds of biomass (birch, salix, and crushed pelletised straw) against a wide spectrum of operation conditions with different bed-materials (silica sands, magnesite and dolomite). The aim of the gas quality optimisation was the production of a fuel gas (syngas) with a high H2 and low tar content suitable for a gas engine. The tar content was measured with SPA method and a gravimetric method. The tests were performed at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, in close co-operation with the University of Essen. Jenbacher AG designed a new type of cylinder head for the direct feeding of the hot pressurised syngas into the gas engine in co-operation with the Technical University of Graz. Taking the results obtained into account a concept of decentralised combined heat and power generation (CHP) unit with an electrical power output of 1 MW was set up.
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