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1.	Alanärä, Anders, et al. (författare) Utsättning av djur för jakt och fiske 2021 Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract SLUs vetenskapliga råd för djurskydd har fått i uppdrag av Jordbruksverket att sammanställa aktuell forskning kring utsättning av djur för jakt och fiske samt att belysa eventuella kunskapsluckor på området. Uppdraget omfattar gräsand, rapphöna, fasan och laxfiskar. Bruket att föda upp fåglar och fiskar för utsättning i syfte att gynna jakt och fiske ifrågasätts inte sällan av etiska skäl, men den diskussionen ligger utanför fokus för denna rapport. Utsättning av fågel och fisk är en antropogen verksamhet som, till skillnad från många andra typer av mänsklig påverkan, syftar till att gynna arterna i fråga. Det kan handla om naturvårdsinsatser, att återinföra försvunna arter eller att på andra sätt berika ekosystemet, inte sällan med ökade möjligheter till jakt eller fiske som slutändamål. Ofta förbereds och åtföljs utsättningar av habitatförbättrande åtgärder som inte endast gynnar de utsatta individerna och deras artfränder, utan även har positiva konsekvenser för biologisk mångfald och ekosystemet i stort. I utarbetandet av regelverket knutet till utsättning av fågel och fisk är det viktigt att även beakta de positiva föresatserna och de konsekvenser som verksamheten kan medföra. Annars riskerar man att engagemang och incitament förloras, till men för biologisk mångfald och en rik och levande landsbygd.
2.	Algers, Anne, 1961, et al. (författare) Open Knowledge about Slaughter on the Internet-A Case Study on Controversies. 2017 Ingår i: Animals : an open access journal from MDPI. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 7:12, s. 1-11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Knowledge about slaughter of animals for human food is often perceived as controversial and therefore not made widely available. An open educational resource on the Internet about the slaughter of animals has created tension at launch but also resolved tension. Aiming to explore how this resource at the boundary between academia and society is perceived, a study was carried out with participants from slaughterhouses, universities, authorities and NGOs. Focus group sessions were video recorded and transcripts were coded using an interpretive thematic analysis. The results show that an open educational resource in addition to contributing to learning and awareness raising can also induce dialogue (and thus resolve tension) about animal welfare and contribute to animal welfare resilience. Our results also indicate that participants had diverse opinions about the influence of multimedia on attitudes towards animal slaughter. The use of additional instruments such as comment fields may lead to more knowledgeable citizens and socially robust knowledge, but has to be carefully weighed against the risk of false or fake data.
3.	Artursson, Karin, et al. (författare) Varför är det så svårt att förstå betydelsen av One Health? 2014 Ingår i: Svensk veterinärtidning. - 0346-2250. ; Feb:2, s. 35-39 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
4.	Berg, Charlotte, et al. (författare) 48 Monitoring Animal Welfare at Slaughterhouses 2012. - 1500 Ingår i: Sustainable Agriculture. - Uppsala : Baltic University Press. - 9789186189105 ; , s. 349-351 Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
5.	Berg, Charlotte, et al. (författare) Editorial : Wildlife Welfare 2020 Ingår i: Frontiers in Veterinary Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-1769. ; 7, s. 1-3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Animal welfare relates to the feelings, behavior, and the health status of animals. Nevertheless, animal welfare legislation rarely prescribes what animals should feel or experience, but rather what humans should do to protect the animals in their care from unnecessary suffering, and e.g., specifications to provide them with suitable housing conditions and appropriate feed to ensure a reasonably good life. This obviously applies to domesticated animals and wildlife kept in enclosures, but not to free-roaming wildlife. Wildlife welfare has received far less attention than welfare for farm or companion animals, although attempts have been made. In recent years the extent of interest in wildlife welfare has grown, as more people have realized that humans have a substantial influence on the lives and welfare of wildlife individuals. Humans, as individuals and as a species, intentionally or unintentionally influence the welfare of wildlife in many different ways, some of which are discussed in this special issue.
6.	Berg, Charlotte, et al. (författare) Utegående nötkreatur och får 2020 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
7.	Berg, Håkan, et al. (författare) Integrated Rice-Fish Farming : Safeguarding Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for Sustainable Food Production in the Mekong Delta 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1044-0046 .- 1540-7578. ; 36:8, s. 859-872 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A comparison of agricultural practices, with a specific focus on pesticide use, between rice and rice-fish farmers in the Can Tho' and Tien Giang provinces of the Mekong Delta in 2007, shows that integrated rice-fish farming can provide a competitive alternative to intensive rice mono-cropping, if the farmer restricts the use of pesticides and takes full advantage of the ecosystem services provided by the rice-field ecosystem. In Can Tho', rice-fish farmers had significantly higher income (43.6 million dong ha(-1) year(-1)) than other farmer groups, while this was not seen among rice-fish famers in Tien Giang (32.4 million dong ha(-1) year(-1)), which partly could be due to a high use of insecticides (0.9 kg active ingredient ha(-1) crop(-1)) and comparatively low fish yield among these farmers. The study emphasizes the need to rethink current agricultural systems and to provide opportunities for more diverse systems that maintain and enhance a range of ecosystem services and protect human health. Future production systems should not be optimized to only provide a single ecosystem service, such as rice, but designed to deliver a variety of interlinked ecosystem service such as rice, fish, pest control, and nutrient recycling.
8.	Berg, Lotta, et al. (författare) A second brood in Canada Geese Branta canadensis? 2014 Ingår i: Ornis Svecica. - 1102-6812 .- 2003-2633. ; 24, s. 51-55 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
9.	Bonnedah, Jonas, et al. (författare) Occurrence of Yersinia rohdei among feral reindeer (Rangifer t. tarandus) and kelp gulls (Larus dominicanus) on the Sub-Antarctic island South Georgia. 2018 Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 8:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
10.	Elmberg, Johan, 1960-, et al. (författare) Potential disease transmission from wild geese and swans to livestock, poultry and humans : a review of the scientific literature from a One Health perspective 2017 Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Taylor & Francis Open: Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial / Co-Action Publishing. - 2000-8686 .- 2000-8686. ; 7:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract There are more herbivorous waterfowl (swans and geese) close to humans, livestock and poultry than ever before. This creates widespread conflict with agriculture and other human interests, but also debate about the role of swans and geese as potential vectors of disease of relevance for human and animal health. Using a One Health perspective, we provide the first comprehensive review of the scientific literature about the most relevant viral, bacterial, and unicellular pathogens occurring in wild geese and swans. Research thus far suggests that these birds may play a role in transmission of avian influenza virus, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, at present there is no evidence that geese and swans play a role in transmission of Newcastle disease, duck plague, West Nile virus, Vibrio, Yersinia, Clostridium, Chlamydophila, and Borrelia. Finally, based on present knowledge it is not possible to say if geese and swans play a role in transmission of Escherichia coli, Pasteurella, Helicobacter, Brachyspira, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Microsporidia. This is largely due to changes in classification and taxonomy, rapid development of identification methods and lack of knowledge about host specificity. Previous research tends to overrate the role of geese and swans as disease vectors; we do not find any evidence that they are significant transmitters to humans or livestock of any of the pathogens considered in this review. Nevertheless, it is wise to keep poultry and livestock separated from small volume waters used by many wild waterfowl, but there is no need to discourage livestock grazing in nature reserves or pastures where geese and swans are present. Under some circumstances it is warranted to discourage swans and geese from using wastewater ponds, drinking water reservoirs, and public beaches. Intensified screening of swans and geese for AIV, West Nile virus and anatid herpesvirus is warranted.
11.	Elmberg, Johan, et al. (författare) Potential disease transmission from wild geese and swans to livestock, poultry and humans : a review of the scientific literature from a One Health perspective 2017 Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-8686. ; 7:1, s. 1-21 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract There are more herbivorous waterfowl (swans and geese) close to humans, livestock and poultry than ever before. This creates widespread conflict with agriculture and other human interests, but also debate about the role of swans and geese as potential vectors of disease of relevance for human and animal health. Using a One Health perspective, we provide the first comprehensive review of the scientific literature about the most relevant viral, bacterial, and unicellular pathogens occurring in wild geese and swans. Research thus far suggests that these birds may play a role in transmission of avian influenza virus, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and antibiotic resistance. On the other hand, at present there is no evidence that geese and swans play a role in transmission of Newcastle disease, duck plague, West Nile virus, Vibrio, Yersinia, Clostridium, Chlamydophila, and Borrelia. Finally, based on present knowledge it is not possible to say if geese and swans play a role in transmission of Escherichia coli, Pasteurella, Helicobacter, Brachyspira, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Microsporidia. This is largely due to changes in classification and taxonomy, rapid development of identification methods and lack of knowledge about host specificity. Previous research tends to overrate the role of geese and swans as disease vectors; we do not find any evidence that they are significant transmitters to humans or livestock of any of the pathogens considered in this review. Nevertheless, it is wise to keep poultry and livestock separated from small volume waters used by many wild waterfowl, but there is no need to discourage livestock grazing in nature reserves or pastures where geese and swans are present. Under some circumstances it is warranted to discourage swans and geese from using wastewater ponds, drinking water reservoirs, and public beaches. Intensified screening of swans and geese for AIV, West Nile virus and anatid herpesvirus is warranted.
12.	Elmberg, Johan, et al. (författare) Sprider gäss och svanar smittsamma sjukdomar? 2018 Ingår i: Fakta för förvaltare: gäss och svanar. - Stockholm : Naturvårdsverket. ; , s. 49-65, s. 50 - 65 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract • Gäss och svanar förekommer idag i större antal nära ﬂer människor än någonsin tidigare, i Sverige och i övriga Västeuropa. • De ökande antalen leder ibland till problem och konﬂikter. På jordbruksmark kan gäss och svanar orsaka kostsamma skador på oskördade grödor. Hårt bete kan också påverka naturlig växtlighet och då bli ett naturvårdsproblem. • Gäss och svanar är vegetarianer och äter enbart blad, stjälkar, frön och rotdelar från växter, både på land och i vatten. • Bete på växande grödor kan också skapa intressekonﬂikter i områden där gäss samlas i stora antal, till exempel vid skyddade och restaurerade våtmarker. • Samtidigt bidrar gässen med många ekosystemtjänster, bland andra i form av naturupplevelser, jakt och kött. GÄSS OCH SVANAR SOM SMITTSPRIDARE • Många smittämnen är kända hos vilda gäss och svanar. Det handlar om virus, bakterier och encelliga parasiter. • En del av dessa smittämnen har förmåga att infektera också andra fågelarter och ibland däggdjur. • Gäss och svanar är rörliga och uppträder ofta nära människor och i jordbrukslandskapet. Därför misstänks de ibland för att sprida sjukdomar till människor och våra tamdjur. • En genomgång av forskningen inom detta fält visar att gäss och svanar ytterst sällan utgör en hälsorisk för människor, men något oftare för tamdjur och då främst fjäderfän. • I vissa fall tycks gäss och svanar kunna bidra till spridning av följande sjukdomar till tamdjur eller människa: fågelinﬂuensavirus, campylobacter, salmonella (gäller främst smitta till fjäderfä) och antibiotikaresistenta bakterier. I samtliga fall är dock andra smittkällor än gäss och svanar betydligt vanligare. • Forskningen har däremot inte funnit några belägg för att gäss och svanar sprider till exempel Newcastle-virus, West Nile virus, botulism, papegojsjuka eller borrelia till tamdjur eller människa. • För några smittämnen, till exempel E. coli och cryptosporidier, är det fortfarande oklart om gäss och svanar alls har någon betydelse för spridning till tamdjur eller människa. • Klimatförändringar och en allt bättre förståelse för de olika smittämnenas variation i förekomst och farlighet gör det viktigt att vi fortsätter att övervaka dem samt har beredskap för att omvärdera deras betydelse. • Att tamboskap och gäss betar sida vid sida har inga kända risker från smittsynpunkt, inte heller på strandängar. • Trots slutsatserna om en relativt låg smittorisk kan det vara klokt att iaktta försiktighetsåtgärder vid djurhållning, till exempel att förse tamdjur med rent vatten och att hålla fjäderfä avskilda från vilda gäss och svanar. För människans del kan man minska riskerna genom att sätta upp nät för att hindra fåglarna att ta sig upp på badstränder. Om man badar i sjöar där det vistas mycket gäss eller svanar är det klokt att tvätta sig efter badet och att undvika kallsupar.
13.	Jansson, Desirée, et al. (författare) Intestinal spirochaetes (genus Brachyspira) colonise wild birds in the southern Atlantic region and Antarctica 2015 Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract INTRODUCTION: The genus Brachyspira contains well-known enteric pathogens of veterinary significance, suggested agents of colonic disease in humans, and one potentially zoonotic agent. There are recent studies showing that Brachyspira are more widespread in the wildlife community than previously thought. There are no records of this genus in wildlife from the southern Atlantic region and Antarctica. Our aim was therefore, to determine whether intestinal spirochaetes of genus Brachyspira colonise marine and coastal birds in this region.METHOD: Faecal samples were collected from marine and coastal birds in the southern Atlantic region, including sub-Antarctic islands and Antarctica, in 2002, 2009, and 2012, with the aim to isolate and characterise zoonotic agents. In total, 205 samples from 11 bird species were selectively cultured for intestinal spirochaetes of genus Brachyspira. To identify isolates to species level, they were subjected to phenotyping, species-specific polymerase chain reactions, sequencing of partial 16S rRNA, NADH oxidase (nox), and tlyA genes, and phylogenetic analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed.RESULTS: Fourteen unique strains were obtained from 10 birds of three species: four snowy sheathbills (Chionis albus), three kelp geese (Chloephaga hybrida subsp. malvinarum), and three brown skua (Stercorarius antarcticus subsp. lonnbergi) sampled on the Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego in Argentina, South Georgia, South Shetland Islands, and the Antarctic Peninsula. Five Brachyspira strains were closely related to potentially enteropathogenic Brachyspira sp. of chickens: B. intermedia (n=2, from snowy sheathbills), and B. alvinipulli (n=3, from a kelp goose and two snowy sheathbills). Three strains from kelp geese were most similar to the presumed non-pathogenic species 'B. pulli' and B. murdochii, whereas the remaining six strains could not be attributed to currently known species. No isolates related to human strains were found. None of the tested strains showed decreased susceptibility to tiamulin, valnemulin, doxycycline, tylvalosin, lincomycin, or tylosin.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of intestinal spirochaetes from this region. Despite limitations of current diagnostic methods, our results, together with earlier studies, show that Brachyspira spp., including potentially pathogenic strains, occur globally among free-living avian hosts, and that this genus encompasses a higher degree of biodiversity than previously recognised.
14.	Johansson, Håkan, 1972-, et al. (författare) Characterization of Campylobacter spp. isolated from wild birds in the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic 2018 Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 13:11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A lack of knowledge of naturally occurring pathogens is limiting our ability to use the Antarctic to study the impact human-mediated introduction of infectious microorganisms have on this relatively uncontaminated environment. As no large-scale coordinated effort to remedy this lack of knowledge has taken place, we rely on smaller targeted efforts to both study present microorganisms and monitor the environment for introductions. In one such effort, we isolated Campylobacter species from fecal samples collected from wild birds in the Antarctic Peninsula and the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia. Indeed, in South Georgia, we found Campylobacter lari and the closely related Campylobacter peloridis, but also distantly related human-associated multilocus sequence types of Campylobacter jejuni. In contrast, in the Antarctic Peninsula, we found C. tart and two closely related species, Campylobacter subantarcticus and Campylobacter volucris, but no signs of human introduction. In fact, our finding of human-associated sequence types of C. jejuni in South Georgia, but not in the Antarctic Peninsula, suggests that efforts to limit the spread of infectious microorganisms to the Antarctic have so far been successful in preventing the introduction of C. jejuni. However, we do not know how it came to South Georgia and whether the same mode of introduction could spread it from there to the Antarctic Peninsula.
15.	Lerner, Henrik, et al. (författare) A Comparison of Three Holistic Approaches to Health : One Health, EcoHealth, and Planetary Health 2017 Ingår i: Frontiers in Veterinary Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-1769. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Several holistic and interdisciplinary approaches exist to safeguard health. Three of the most influential concepts at the moment, One Health, EcoHealth, and Planetary Health, are analyzed in this paper, revealing similarities and differences at the theoretical conceptual level. These approaches may appear synonymous, as they all promote the underlying assumption of humans and other animals sharing the same planet and the same environmental challenges, infections and infectious agents as well as other aspects of physical—and possibly mental—health. However, we would like to illuminate the differences between these three concepts or approaches, and how the choice of terms may, deliberately or involuntary, signal the focus, and underlying values of the approaches. In this paper, we have chosen some proposed and well-known suggestions of definitions. In our theoretical analysis, we will focus on at least two areas. These are (1) the value of the potential scientific areas which could be included and (2) core values present within the approach. In the first area, our main concern is whether the approaches are interdisciplinary and whether the core scientific areas are assigned equal importance. For the second area, which is rather wide, we analyze core values such as biodiversity, health, and how one values humans, animals, and ecosystems. One Health has been described as either a narrow approach combining public health and veterinary medicine or as a wide approach as in the wide-spread “umbrella” depiction including both scientific fields, core concepts, and interdisciplinary research areas. In both cases, however, safeguarding the health of vertebrates is usually in focus although ecosystems are also included in the model. The EcoHealth approach seems to have more of a biodiversity focus, with an emphasis on all living creatures, implying that parasites, unicellular organisms, and possibly also viruses have a value and should be protected. Planetary Health, on the other hand, has been put forward as a fruitful approach to deal with growing threats in the health area, not least globally. We conclude that there are actually important differences between these three approaches, which should be kept in mind when using any of these terms.
16.	Lerner, Henrik, 1975-, et al. (författare) The concept of health in One Health and some practical implications for research and education : What is One Health? 2015 Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 5, s. 25300- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
17.	Liakopoulos, Apostolos, et al. (författare) Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum-Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Wild Kelp Gulls in South America 2016 Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 60:11, s. 6924-6927 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are a public health concern due to limited treatment options. Here, we report on the occurrence and the molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae recovered from wild birds (kelp gulls). Our results revealed kelp gulls as a reservoir of various extended-spectrum cephalosporinase genes associated with different genetic platforms. In addition, we report for the first time the presence of a known epidemic clone of Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg (JF6X01.0326/XbaI. 1966) among wild birds.
18.	Lindahl, Cecilia, et al. (författare) Responses of Pigs to Stunning with Nitrogen Filled High-Expansion Foam 2020 Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 10:12, s. 1-13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Nitrogen gas (N2) delivered in high expansion foam in a closed container could be a feasible method for humanely stunning pigs. This study aimed to evaluate potential aversion in pigs to the N2 foam method and its effect on stun quality. Furthermore, the study aimed to assess potential aversion to the foam itself. Sixty pigs (27.8 ± 4.4 kg) were divided into three treatments and were exposed to either N2-filled foam, air-filled foam, or no foam air. The N2 foam was effective at purging the air from the container and quickly created stable anoxic conditions. The pigs did not show any strong aversive behaviours when exposed to foam. However, they seemed to avoid putting their heads and snouts into the foam when foam levels became high. Escape attempts through the lid also increased when the foam started covering their heads. The mean time to loss of posture was 57.9 s. Based on the results, stunning with the N2 foam technique could be a viable alternative to high concentration CO2 stunning and potentially lead to improved animal welfare at slaughter.
19.	Olsen, Björn, et al. (författare) Nytt centrum för samarbete mellan veterinärer. läkare och ekologer 2010 Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 107:22, s. 1485-6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
20.	Ahnlund Berg, Charlotte, 1964- (författare) Å montere ned mentale montre 2023 Ingår i: <em> </em>Tingenes metode. - Trondheim : Museumsforlaget AS. - 9788283051186 ; , s. 213-237 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Bakgrund: ett följeprojektTre svenska museiorganisationer - Malmö museer, Göteborgs stadsmuseum och Tekniska museet - ingick 2018 en överenskommelse om att under tre år dela erfarenheter och lära av varandra i sitt utforskande av Tingens metod. Riksantikvarieämbetet följde deras arbete som ett särskilt projekt under det första året. Tanken var att samla mer kunskap om Tingens metod genom att ta del av de tre museernas erfarenheter och reflektioner för att sedan eventuellt sprida information om metoden vidare. Det som intresserade mig och andra kollegor som arbetar med museifrågor på Riksantikvarieämbetet var kombinationen av öppenhet och inkludering i relation till museernas kärnverksamheter forskning, bevarande och förmedling. I Riksantikvarieämbetets uppdrag ingår uppgiften att främja utveckling och samarbete på museiområdet. Kunde tingens metod vara ett stöd i en tid då museernas roll som kunskapsinstitutioner förändras och ifrågasätts? [...]
21.	Algers, Anne, 1961, et al. (författare) Animal welfare at slaughter – A social learning process 2015 Ingår i: Hubrecht, R. & Ostovic, M. (Eds.) Proceedings of HSA International Symposium – Recent Advances II, Zagreb, Croatia, 16-17 July, 2015.. ; , s. 22-22 Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
22.	Alrutz, Marie, et al. (författare) Projektledning 2013 Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Projektledning är ett yrke med egen certifiering. Det pågår en spännande utveckling inom området och det blir allt viktigare att hålla sig ajour med utvecklingen.Det övergripande målet med den här handboken är att vara en ständigt aktuell heltäckande bok om projektarbete. Innehållsmässigt täcker den både frågor som har med struktur och styrning att göra och frågor om ledning av människor och mänskliga processer i grupp. Kompetens inom projekt byggs av både kunskap och erfarenhet. Vi följer kontinuerligt aktuell forskning inom dessa områden och bjuder in intressanta forskare att medverka som författare. Vi skildrar verkliga projekt och låter erfarenheterna få plats, både de bästa erfarenheterna och de utmaningar som man tagit sig igenom.Handboken är levande och det innebär att artiklar tas bort för att ge plats för nya, i takt med att den uppdateras fortlöpande.
23.	Berg, Charlotte, et al. (författare) Mjuklänkning mellan EMEC och TIMES-Sweden : en metod för att förbättra energipolitiska underlag 2012 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
24.	Berg, Charlotte, et al. (författare) Mjuklänkning mellan EMEC och TIMES-Sweden - en metod för att förbättra energipolitiska beslutsunderlag 2012 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
25.	Berg, Charlotte, et al. (författare) One Health : Samspelet mellan human-, djur- och ekosystemhälsa 2022 Ingår i: Vård, omsorg och rehabilitering utomhus. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144142364 ; , s. 97-112 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Sambandet mellan människors, djurs och ekosystems hälsa är viktigt för att målet "En gemensam hälsa" skall uppnås. I detta kapitel förklarar vi vad One Health är, vilka teorier som ligger bakom One Health, vilka centrala begrepp och perspektiv som är viktiga för området och forskning om kopplingen mellan människors och djurs hälsa, människors och miljöns hälsa, samt djurens och miljöns hälsa. Vi tar upp olika aspekter rörande lantbruksdjur, sällskapsdjur och vilda djur och hur det sätt vi föder upp och sköter dem på påverkar miljön, och i det långa loppet även människor. Vi beskriver hur djurs sjukdomar kan påverka människors hälsa och omvänt, samt One Health-perspektivets koppling till vård, omsorg och rehabilitering utomhus.
26.	Berg, Cecilia, et al. (författare) Platelet-induced growth of human fibroblasts is associated with an increased expression of 5-lipoxygenase. 2006 Ingår i: Thrombosis and haemostasis. - 0340-6245. ; 96:5, s. 652-9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Proliferation of fibroblasts is vital for adequate wound healing but is probably also involved in different hyperproliferative disorders such as atherosclerosis and cancer. The regeneration of tissue usually starts with coagulation, involving release of mitogenic and inflammatory factors from activated platelets. This study focuses on the role of eicosanoids in the proliferative effects of platelets on human fibroblasts. We show that the phospholipase A (2) inhibitor 7,7-dimethyl-5,8-eicosadienoic acid (DMDA), the combined cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) and the LOX inhibitor 5,8,11-eicosatriynoic acid (ETI) block the platelet-induced proliferation of serum starved subconfluent human fibroblasts. Anti-proliferative effects were also obtained by specific inhibition of 5-LOX with 5,6-dehydro arachidonic acid (5,6-dAA), whereas the 12-LOX inhibitor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy- a -cyanocinnamate (CDC) did not affect the platelet-stimulated growth of fibroblasts. The expression of 5-LOX was analyzed by reverse-transcriptase-mediated PCR (RT-PCR), Western blotting and HPLC. 5-LOX message and protein was detected in fibroblasts but not in platelets. Incubation with platelets markedly increased, already after one hour, the expression of 5-LOX in the fibroblast culture. The increased 5-LOX activity was associated with an elevated level of the 5-LOX metabolite 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) reaching its maximum after 1 - 2 hours of co-incubation of fibroblasts and platelets. The 5-HETE production was reduced by the inhibitors DMDA, ETYA and ETI. In conclusion, this study suggests that platelet-stimulated proliferation of fibroblasts is mediated by an increased 5-LOX activity, which supports recent findings indicating a crucial role for this enzyme in proliferative disorders such as atherosclerosis.
27.	Berg, Cecilia, 1976-, et al. (författare) Platelet-induced growth of human fibroblasts is associated with an increased expression of 5-lipoxygenase 2006 Ingår i: Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - 0340-6245 .- 2567-689X. ; 96:5, s. 652-659 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Proliferation of fibroblasts is vital for adequate wound healing but is probably also involved in different hyperproliferative disorders such as atherosclerosis and cancer. The regeneration of tissue usually starts with coagulation, involving release of mitogenic and inflammatory factors from activated platelets. This study focuses on the role of eicosanoids in the proliferative effects of platelets on human fibroblasts. We show that the phospholipase A2 inhibitor 7,7-dimethyl-5,8-eicosadienoic acid (DMDA), the combined cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) and the LOX inhibitor 5,8,11-eicosatriynoic acid (ETI) block the platelet-induced proliferation of serum starved subconfluent human fibroblasts. Anti-proliferative effects were also obtained by specific inhibition of 5-LOX with 5,6-dehydro arachidonic acid (5,6-dAA), whereas the 12-LOX inhibitor cinnamyl-3,4-dihydroxy-α-cyanocinnamate (CDC) did not affect the platelet-stimulated growth of fibroblasts. The expression of 5-LOX was analyzed by reverse-transcriptase-mediated PCR (RT-PCR), Western blotting and HPLC. 5-LOX message and protein was detected in fibroblasts but not in platelets. Incubation with platelets markedly increased, already after one hour, the expression of 5-LOX in the fibroblast culture. The increased 5-LOX activity was associated with an elevated level of the 5-LOX metabolite 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) reaching its maximum after 1-2 hours of co-incubation of fibroblasts and platelets. The 5-HETE production was reduced by the inhibitors DMDA, ETYA and ETI. In conclusion, this study suggests that platelet-stimulated proliferation of fibroblasts is mediated by an increased 5-LOX activity, which supports recent findings indicating a crucial role for this enzyme in proliferative disorders such as atherosclerosis. © 2006 Schattauer GmbH, Stuttgart.
28.	Berg, Lovisa, 1984-, et al. (författare) Technology and Education – The Attitudes of Distance Students Towards Supplemental Instruction Online 2021 Ingår i: Supplemental Instruction. - : Waxmann Verlag. - 9783830943266 - 9783830993261 ; , s. 101-118 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract Supplemental Instruction is a program designed to support students in their learning process. The program consists of advanced students supervising new students, where the purpose is to improve students’ performance and reduce the risk of interruption of studies. Supplemental Instruction was established almost 50 years ago and is used today in universities around the world. This book examines different aspects of SI in organizations and leadership, including surveys of Supplemental Instruction programs in Europe, how SI sessions should be organized, the degree to which SI improves retention rates and exam results, SI and learning leadership and leadership development, benefits of being a member of an SI team and employability, SI implementation in healthcare education and virtual students’ attitudes towards SI online. The book is aimed at anyone who is concerned about study quality in higher education. The contributors are researchers and lecturers at various universities from several countries. The book is part of a trilogy on Supplemental Instruction, where the themes for the other books are “Digital Technologies” and “Student Learning Processes”. The editors of the trilogy are Abbas Strømmen-Bakhtiar, Roger Helde and Elisabeth Suzen, all three Associate Professors at Nord University, Norway.
29.	Borgegard, Tomas, et al. (författare) Alzheimers Disease: Presenilin 2-Sparing gamma-Secretase Inhibition Is a Tolerable A beta Peptide-Lowering Strategy 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience. - : Society for Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 32:48, s. 17297-17305 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract gamma-Secretase inhibition represents a major therapeutic strategy for lowering amyloid beta (A beta) peptide production in Alzheimers disease (AD). Progress toward clinical use of gamma-secretase inhibitors has, however, been hampered due to mechanism-based adverse events, primarily related to impairment of Notch signaling. The gamma-secretase inhibitor MRK-560 represents an exception as it is largely tolerable in vivo despite displaying only a small selectivity between A beta production and Notch signaling in vitro. In exploring the molecular basis for the observed tolerability, we show that MRK-560 displays a strong preference for the presenilin 1(PS1) over PS2 subclass of gamma-secretases and is tolerable in wild-type mice but causes dose-dependent Notch-related side effect in PS2-deficient mice at drug exposure levels resulting in a substantial decrease in brain A beta levels. This demonstrates that PS2 plays an important role in mediating essential Notch signaling in several peripheral organs during pharmacological inhibition of PS1 and provide preclinical in vivo proof of concept for PS2-sparing inhibition as a novel, tolerable and efficacious gamma-secretase targeting strategy for AD.
30.	Borgegård, Tomas, et al. (författare) Alzheimer's Disease : Presenilin 2-Sparing γ-Secretase Inhibition Is a Tolerable Aβ Peptide-Lowering Strategy 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 32:48, s. 17297-17305 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract γ-Secretase inhibition represents a major therapeutic strategy for lowering amyloid β (Aβ) peptide production in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Progress toward clinical use of γ-secretase inhibitors has, however, been hampered due to mechanism-based adverse events, primarily related to impairment of Notch signaling. The γ-secretase inhibitor MRK-560 represents an exception as it is largely tolerable in vivo despite displaying only a small selectivity between Aβ production and Notch signaling in vitro. In exploring the molecular basis for the observed tolerability, we show that MRK-560 displays a strong preference for the presenilin 1 (PS1) over PS2 subclass of γ-secretases and is tolerable in wild-type mice but causes dose-dependent Notch-related side effect in PS2-deficient mice at drug exposure levels resulting in a substantial decrease in brain Aβ levels. This demonstrates that PS2 plays an important role in mediating essential Notch signaling in several peripheral organs during pharmacological inhibition of PS1 and provide preclinical in vivo proof of concept for PS2-sparing inhibition as a novel, tolerable and efficacious γ-secretase targeting strategy for AD.
31.	Broberg, Thomas, et al. (författare) The economy-wide rebound effect from improved energy efficiency in Swedish industries–A general equilibrium analysis 2015 Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 83, s. 26-37 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The objective of this paper is to analyse the rebound effect from increased efficiency in industrial energy use in Sweden. Energy efficiency improvements can have significant micro- and macroeconomic effects that hamper the positive effect on real energy savings. To assess the size of the overall rebound effect in the Swedish economy, we apply a computable general equilibrium model. The results show that the economy-wide rebound effect depends on a number of factors, e.g. the extent of the energy efficiency improvement, how the labour market is modelled as well as whether the increase in energy efficiency is combined with a cost or not. We find that the rebound effect following a five per cent increase in energy efficiency in the Swedish industry lies in the 40-70 per cent range. When energy efficiency is only improved in energy-intensive production, the rebound effect becomes even higher. These findings are in line with the results in the literature.
32.	Ceberg, Sofie, et al. (författare) Surface guided radiotherapy decreases the uncertainty in breast cancer patient setup 2018 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract (Sunday, 7/29/2018) 3:00 PM - 6:00 PMRoom: Exhibit HallPurpose: The aim was to investigate if the setup of breast cancer patients could be improved using surface guided radiotherapy, compared to the conventional method using lasers and skin markings.Methods: Forty-seven patients, who received tangential or locoregional adjuvant radiotherapy, were positioned using a surface-based setup (SBS). Thirty-eight patients were positioned using the conventional laser-based setup (LBS). For the patient group positioned using a SBS, correction for posture was performed under guidance of a color map projected onto the patients' skin in real time. The surface tolerance for the color map was 5 mm. For both setup techniques the deviation of the breast position was measured using verification images. In total, 897 images were analysed. The frequency distributions of the deviations were analysed.Results: The result showed a significant improvement in the interfractional variation of the setup deviation for SBS compared to the LBS (pConclusion: Conventional laser-based setup can be replaced by surface-based setup, both for tangential and locoregional breast cancer treatments.
33.	Cromhout, Pernille F, et al. (författare) Supplementing prediction by EuroSCORE with social and patient-reported measures among patients undergoing cardiac surgery. 2021 Ingår i: Journal of cardiac surgery. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1540-8191 .- 0886-0440. ; 36:2, s. 509-521 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The risk of poor outcomes is traditionally attributed to biological and physiological processes in cardiac surgery. However, evidence exists that other factors, such as emotional, behavioral, social, and functional, are predictive of poor outcomes. Objectives were to evaluate the predictive value of several emotional, social, functional, and behavioral factors on four outcomes: death within 90 days, prolonged stay in intensive care, prolonged hospital admission, and readmission within 90 days following cardiac surgery.This prospective study included adults undergoing cardiac surgery 2013-2014, including information on register-based socioeconomic factors and self-reported health in a nested subsample. Logistic regression analyses to determine the association and incremental value of each candidate predictor variable were conducted. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the incremental value of each candidate predictor variable, as well as discrimination and calibration based on the area under the curve (AUC) and Brier score.Of 3217 patients, 3% died, 9% had prolonged intensive care stay, 51% had prolonged hospital admission, and 39% were readmitted to hospital. Patients living alone (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.38), with lower educational levels (1.27; 1.04-1.54) and low health-related quality of life (1.43; 1.02-2.01) had prolonged hospital admission. Analyses revealed living alone as predictive of prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay (Brier, 0.08; AUC, 0.68), death (0.03; 0.71), and prolonged hospital admission (0.24; 0.62).Living alone was found to supplement EuroSCORE in predicting death, prolonged hospital admission, and prolonged ICU stay following cardiac surgery. Low educational level and impaired health-related quality of life were, furthermore, predictive of prolonged hospital admission.
34.	Downey, Harriet, et al. (författare) Training future generations to deliver evidence-based conservation and ecosystem management 2021 Ingår i: Ecological Solutions and Evidence. - : Wiley. - 2688-8319. ; 2:1 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract 1. To be effective, the next generation of conservation practitioners and managers need to be critical thinkers with a deep understanding of how to make evidence-based decisions and of the value of evidence synthesis.2. If, as educators, we do not make these priorities a core part of what we teach, we are failing to prepare our students to make an effective contribution to conservation practice.3. To help overcome this problem we have created open access online teaching materials in multiple languages that are stored in Applied Ecology Resources. So far, 117 educators from 23 countries have acknowledged the importance of this and are already teaching or about to teach skills in appraising or using evidence in conservation decision-making. This includes 145 undergraduate, postgraduate or professional development courses.4. We call for wider teaching of the tools and skills that facilitate evidence-based conservation and also suggest that providing online teaching materials in multiple languages could be beneficial for improving global understanding of other subject areas.
35.	Eikelboom, Willem S., et al. (författare) Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Symptoms Across the Alzheimer Disease Clinical Spectrum: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations 2021 Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 97:13, s. 1276-1287 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence and trajectories of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in relation to cognitive functioning in a cohort of β-amyloid-positive (A+) individuals across the Alzheimer disease (AD) clinical spectrum. METHODS: In this single-center observational study, we included all individuals who visited the Alzheimer Center Amsterdam and had a clinical diagnosis of subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or probable AD dementia and were A+. We measured NPS with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), examining total scores and the presence of specific NPI domains. Cognition was assessed across 5 cognitive domains and with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We examined trajectories including model-based trends for NPS and cognitive functioning over time. We used linear mixed models to relate baseline NPI scores to cognitive functioning at baseline (whole-sample) and longitudinal time points (subsample n = 520, mean 1.8 [SD 0.7] years follow-up). RESULTS: We included 1,524 A+ individuals from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort with A+ SCD (n = 113), A+ MCI (n = 321), or A+ AD dementia (n = 1,090). NPS were prevalent across all clinical AD stages (≥1 NPS 81.4% in SCD, 81.2% in MCI, 88.7% in dementia; ≥1 clinically relevant NPS 54.0% in SCD, 50.5% in MCI, 66.0% in dementia). Cognitive functioning showed a uniform gradual decline; while in contrast, large intraindividual heterogeneity of NPS was observed over time across all AD groups. At baseline, we found associations between NPS and cognition in dementia that were most pronounced for NPI total scores and MMSE (range β = -0.18 to -0.11, false discovery rate [FDR]-adjusted p < 0.05), while there were no cross-sectional relationships in SCD and MCI (range β = -0.32 to 0.36, all FDR-adjusted p > 0.05). There were no associations between baseline NPS and cognitive functioning over time in any clinical stage (range β = -0.13 to 0.44, all FDR-adjusted p > 0.05). DISCUSSION: NPS and cognitive symptoms are both prevalent across the AD clinical spectrum, but show a different evolution during the course of the disease.
36.	Ekerfelt, Christina, et al. (författare) Spontaneous secretion of interleukin-4, interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma by first trimester decidual mononuclear cells 2002 Ingår i: American Journal of reproductive immunology. - : Wiley. - 8755-8920 .- 1046-7408. ; 47:3, s. 159-166 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract PROBLEM: A T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokine dominated microenvironment has been predicted to be crucial for successful pregnancy. However, little information is available about local cytokine secretion in the human decidua. We determined the spontaneous secretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-10 by decidual mononuclear cells at the single cell level and compared it with their secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the first trimester of pregnancy. METHODS OF STUDY: The cytokine secretion from decidual and blood cells was detected by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot-forming cell (ELISPOT)-assay. RESULTS: Cells secreting IL-4 (median 153, range 8–530), IL-10 (median 188, range 32–1600) and IFN-γ (median 123, range 15–1140) were detected in all decidual and blood samples. The cytokine secretion showed a co-linear pattern in both the blood and decidua, i.e. when one cytokine was secreted at high levels, the others followed the trend. No correlation was found between the number of cytokine secreting cells in blood and decidua for any of the cytokines. CONCLUSIONS: Interleukin-4 and IL-10 are locally secreted in the decidua early during normal pregnancy, probably counteracting the fetal rejecting effects of co-expressed IFN-γ. The cytokine secretion by blood cells does not generally reflect the local secretion pattern during first trimester pregnancy.
37.	Elmberg, Johan, 1960-, et al. (författare) Sprider gäss och svanar smittsamma sjukdomar? 2018 Ingår i: Fakta för förvaltare: gäss och svanar. - Stockholm : Naturvårdsverket. - 9789162087937 ; , s. 49-65 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract • Gäss och svanar förekommer idag i större antal nära ﬂer människor än någonsin tidigare, i Sverige och i övriga Västeuropa.• De ökande antalen leder ibland till problem och konﬂikter. På jordbruksmark kan gäss och svanar orsaka kostsamma skador på oskördade grödor. Hårt bete kan också påverka naturlig växtlighet och då bli ett naturvårdsproblem.• Gäss och svanar är vegetarianer och äter enbart blad, stjälkar, frön och rotdelar från växter, både på land och i vatten.• Bete på växande grödor kan också skapa intressekonﬂikter i områden där gäss samlas i stora antal, till exempel vid skyddade och restaurerade våtmarker.• Samtidigt bidrar gässen med många ekosystemtjänster, bland andra i form av naturupplevelser, jakt och kött. GÄSS OCH SVANAR SOM SMITTSPRIDARE• Många smittämnen är kända hos vilda gäss och svanar. Det handlar om virus, bakterier och encelliga parasiter.• En del av dessa smittämnen har förmåga att infektera också andra fågelarter och ibland däggdjur.• Gäss och svanar är rörliga och uppträder ofta nära människor och i jordbrukslandskapet. Därför misstänks de ibland för att sprida sjukdomar till människor och våra tamdjur.• En genomgång av forskningen inom detta fält visar att gäss och svanar ytterst sällan utgör en hälsorisk för människor, men något oftare för tamdjur och då främst fjäderfän.• I vissa fall tycks gäss och svanar kunna bidra till spridning av följande sjukdomar till tamdjur eller människa: fågelinﬂuensavirus, campylobacter, salmonella (gäller främst smitta till fjäderfä) och antibiotikaresistenta bakterier. I samtliga fall är dock andra smittkällor än gäss och svanar betydligt vanligare.• Forskningen har däremot inte funnit några belägg för att gäss och svanar sprider till exempel Newcastle-virus, West Nile virus, botulism, papegojsjuka eller borrelia till tamdjur eller människa.• För några smittämnen, till exempel E. coli och cryptosporidier, är det fortfarande oklart om gäss och svanar alls har någon betydelse för spridning till tamdjur eller människa.• Klimatförändringar och en allt bättre förståelse för de olika smittämnenas variation i förekomst och farlighet gör det viktigt att vi fortsätter att övervaka dem samt har beredskap för att omvärdera deras betydelse.• Att tamboskap och gäss betar sida vid sida har inga kända risker från smittsynpunkt, inte heller på strandängar.• Trots slutsatserna om en relativt låg smittorisk kan det vara klokt att iaktta försiktighetsåtgärder vid djurhållning, till exempel att förse tamdjur med rent vatten och att hålla fjäderfä avskilda från vilda gäss och svanar. För människans del kan man minska riskerna genom att sätta upp nät för att hindra fåglarna att ta sig upp på badstränder. Om man badar i sjöar där det vistas mycket gäss eller svanar är det klokt att tvätta sig efter badet och att undvika kallsupar.
38.	Elmberg, Johan, et al. (författare) Sprider gäss och svanar smittsamma sjukdomar? 2018 Ingår i: Fakta för förvaltare: gäss och svanar. - Stockholm : Naturvårdsverket. - 9789162087937 ; , s. 49-65 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract INLEDNING• Gäss och svanar förekommer idag i större antal nära fler människor än någonsin tidigare, i Sverige och i övriga Västeuropa.• De ökande antalen leder ibland till problem och konflikter. På jordbruksmark kan gäss och svanar orsaka kostsamma skador på oskördade grödor. Hårt bete kan också påverka naturlig växtlighet och då bli ett naturvårdsproblem.• Gäss och svanar är vegetarianer och äter enbart blad, stjälkar, frön och rotdelar från växter, både på land och i vatten.• Bete på växande grödor kan också skapa intressekonflikter i områden där gäss samlas i stora antal, till exempel vid skyddade och restaurerade våtmarker.• Samtidigt bidrar gässen med många ekosystemtjänster, bland andra i form av naturupplevelser, jakt och kött.GÄSS OCH SVANAR SOM SMITTSPRIDARE• Många smittämnen är kända hos vilda gäss och svanar. Det handlar om virus, bakterier och encelliga parasiter.• En del av dessa smittämnen har förmåga att infektera också andra fågelarter och ibland däggdjur.• Gäss och svanar är rörliga och uppträder ofta nära människor och i jordbrukslandskapet. Därför misstänks de ibland för att sprida sjukdomar till människor och våra tamdjur.SMITTSPRIDNING TILL MÄNNISKOR OCH TAMDJUR• En genomgång av forskningen inom detta fält visar att gäss och svanar ytterst sällan utgör en hälsorisk för människor, men något oftare för tamdjur och då främst fjäderfän.• I vissa fall tycks gäss och svanar kunna bidra till spridning av följande sjukdomar till tamdjur eller människa: fågelinfluensavirus, campylobacter, salmonella (gäller främst smitta till fjäderfä) och antibiotikaresistenta bakterier. I samtliga fall är dock andra smittkällor än gäss och svanar betydligt vanligare.• Forskningen har däremot inte funnit några belägg för att gäss och svanar sprider till exempel Newcastle-virus, West Nile virus, botulism, papegojsjuka eller borrelia till tamdjur eller människa.• För några smittämnen, till exempel E. coli och cryptosporidier, är det fortfarande oklart om gäss och svanar alls har någon betydelse för spridning till tamdjur eller människa.• Klimatförändringar och en allt bättre förståelse för de olika smittämnenas variation i förekomst och farlighet gör det viktigt att vi fortsätter att övervaka dem samt har beredskap för att omvärdera deras betydelse.• Att tamboskap och gäss betar sida vid sida har inga kända risker från smittsynpunkt, inte heller på strandängar.• Trots slutsatserna om en relativt låg smittorisk kan det vara klokt att iaktta försiktighetsåtgärder vid djurhållning, till exempel att förse tamdjur med rent vatten och att hålla fjäderfä avskilda från vilda gäss och svanar. För människans del kan man minska riskerna genom att sätta upp nät för att hindra fåglarna att ta sig upp på badstränder. Om man badar i sjöar där det vistas mycket gäss eller svanar är detklokt att tvätta sig efter badet och att undvika kallsupar.
39.	Gerhardt, Karin, et al. (författare) Nog nu, politiker – ta klimatkrisen på allvar 2022 Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - Stockholm : Aftonbladet Hierta. ; 25 August Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
40.	Gu, Fangyi, et al. (författare) Eighteen insulin-like growth factor pathway genes, circulating levels of IGF-I and its binding protein, and risk of prostate and breast cancer 2010 Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 19:11, s. 2877-2887 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its main binding protein, IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), have been associated with risk of several types of cancer. Heritable factors explain up to 60% of the variation in IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in studies of adult twins.Methods: We systematically examined common genetic variation in 18 genes in the IGF signaling pathway for associations with circulating levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3. A total of 302 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were genotyped in >5,500 Caucasian men and 5,500 Caucasian women from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium.Results: After adjusting for multiple testing, SNPs in the IGF1 and SSTR5 genes were significantly associated with circulating IGF-I (P < 2.1 × 10−4); SNPs in the IGFBP3 and IGFALS genes were significantly associated with circulating IGFBP-3. Multi-SNP models explained R2 = 0.62% of the variation in circulating IGF-I and 3.9% of the variation in circulating IGFBP-3. We saw no significant association between these multi-SNP predictors of circulating IGF-I or IGFBP-3 and risk of prostate or breast cancers.Conclusion: Common genetic variation in the IGF1 and SSTR5 genes seems to influence circulating IGF-I levels, and variation in IGFBP3 and IGFALS seems to influence circulating IGFBP-3. However, these variants explain only a small percentage of the variation in circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in Caucasian men and women.Impact: Further studies are needed to explore contributions from other genetic factors such as rare variants in these genes and variation outside of these genes.
41.	Gustafsson (Lidström), Charlotte, et al. (författare) Cytokine secretion in decidual mononuclear cells from term human pregnancy with or without labour : ELISPOT detection of IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-beta and TNF-alpha 2006 Ingår i: Journal of reproductive immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0378. ; 71:1, s. 41-56 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cytokines are believed to be important in maintaining pregnancy and in the process of labour induction in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the secretion of the cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in decidual tissue with or without labour. Decidual tissue was collected from 32 healthy women undergoing elective caesarean sections before the onset of labour (n = 17) or after normal vaginal delivery (n = 15). Mononuclear cells were analysed for cytokine secretion with ELISPOT. To validate the widely used method of tissue collected at caesarean sections and after vaginal deliveries as a representative of before and after labour, respectively, placenta biopsies were collected from 12 healthy women to study the expression of the prostaglandin pathway enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES). Decidual mononuclear cells from term human pregnancy spontaneously secrete IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β and TNF-α. No difference was seen in cytokine secretion with or without labour, indicating that decidual leukocytes are not the main cell population responsible for plausible cytokine regulation in the process of termination of pregnancy. Placental tissues obtained after vaginal delivery showed a higher mRNA expression of the prostaglandin regulating molecules COX-2 and mPGES than tissues from caesarean sections before the onset of labour, validating that the model can be used as a representative of the state before and after labour.
42.	Gustafsson (Lidström), Charlotte, et al. (författare) Gene expression profiling of human decidual macrophages : Evidence for immunosuppressive phenotype 2008 Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 3:4, s. e2078- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Although uterine macrophages are thought to play an important regulatory role at the maternal-fetal interface, their global gene expression profile is not known. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using micro-array comprising approximately 14,000 genes, the gene expression pattern of human first trimester decidual CD14+ monocytes/macrophages was characterized and compared with the expression profile of the corresponding cells in blood. Some of the key findings were confirmed by real time PCR or by secreted protein. A unique gene expression pattern intrinsic of first trimester decidual CD14+ cells was demonstrated. A large number of regulated genes were functionally related to immunomodulation and tissue remodelling, corroborating polarization patterns of differentiated macrophages mainly of the alternatively activated M2 phenotype. These include known M2 markers such as CCL-18, CD209, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, mannose receptor c type (MRC)-1 and fibronectin-1. Further, the selective up-regulation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-2, alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) and prostaglandin D2 synthase (PGDS) provides new insights into the regulatory function of decidual macrophages in pregnancy that may have implications in pregnancy complications. Conclusions/Significance: The molecular characterization of decidual macrophages presents a unique transcriptional profile replete with important components for fetal immunoprotection and provides several clues for further studies of these cells.
43.	Hellström-Westas, Lena, et al. (författare) VWF-cleaving protease (ADAMTS13) in premature infants. 2005 Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 94:2, s. 205-210 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
44.	Holmøy, Trygve, et al. (författare) G127R : a novel SOD1 mutation associated with rapidly evolving ALS and severe pain syndrome 2010 Ingår i: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and other Motor Neuron Disorders. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-0822 .- 1743-4483. ; 11:5, s. 478-480 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We describe a patient with apparently sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) with a novel g > c point mutation at position 382 in the SOD1 gene, leading to a substitution of glycine for arginine in amino acid position 127 (G127R). The disease presented with flaccid leg paresis, and progressed rapidly with generalized paresis resulting in respiratory failure after seven months. In addition to a predominating lower motor neuron syndrome, the phenotype was characterized by a severe lower back and leg pain syndrome which was treated successfully with spinal anaesthesia.
45.	Hoyle, Aiden, et al. (författare) Cognitive and Emotional Responses to Russian State-Sponsored Media Narratives in International Audiences 2023 Ingår i: Journal of Media Psychology. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1864-1105 .- 2151-2388. ; 35:6, s. 325-392 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Russia utilizes state-sponsored news media outlets, such as RT or Sputnik, to project antagonistic strategic narratives into targeted societies and perturb international audiences. While psychological responses to this conduct are frequently assumed, there is a lack of causal evidence demonstrating this. Using a transdisciplinary perspective, we conducted four survey experiments that tested two path models predicting possible cognitive and emotional responses to two narrative strategies that Russian state-sponsored media employ: destruction, which portrays a state as weak and chaotic, and suppression, which portrays a state as indecent and morally deviant. The experiments had between-participant designs, where participants read either an article demonstrating a strategy or a control text, and then indicated their responses to several trust and emotional variables. Participants were either Swedish or Dutch citizens, to build on previous analyses of Russian narration about Sweden and The Netherlands. Path analyses revealed significant differences between the conditions on several response variables. However, we found no evidence that these effects were mediated by generalized realistic or symbolic threat perceptions. We contribute preliminary insights into potential causal links between Russian antagonistic narrative strategies and specific psychological responses. This study, and its overarching research agenda, should have implications for practitioners seeking to counter Russian information influence.
46.	Hoyle, Aiden, et al. (författare) Life through grey-tinted glasses : how do audiences in Latvia psychologically respond to Sputnik Latvia’s destruction narratives of a failed Latvia? 2024 Ingår i: Post-Soviet Affairs. - 1060-586X .- 1938-2855. ; 40:1, s. 1-18 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Although concern about the effects of international audiences consuming Russian state-sponsored media has been expressed, little empirical research examines this. The current study asks how audiences in Latvia respond to narratives projected by Sputnik Latvia – a Kremlin-financed news outlet. We begin a tripartite methodological approach with an analysis of the types of narratives the outlet projects. We then test how ethnic Latvian and Russian-speaking participants in Latvia respond to destruction narratives that portray Latvia as “failing,” the most prominent type in our analysis. We use two survey experiments that test an existing hypothetical mediation model predicting an array of affective and trust responses. We find evidence that exposure to destruction narratives triggered largely similar responses in both groups; however, exploratory analyses and post-survey focus groups are used to show that their motivations may be different. We conclude by discussing potential reasons for these differences, and the ramifications of these results.
47.	Hoyle, Aiden, et al. (författare) Weapons of mass division : Sputnik Latvia's Russophobia narratives and testing the rejectionidentification model in Russian speakers in Latvia 2024 Ingår i: Political Psychology. - 0162-895X .- 1467-9221. ; 45:4, s. 653-772 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The effects of exposure to Russian propaganda have long been feared; however, academic research examining responses is scarce. This study aims to investigate the responses of Russian speakers in Latvia to a narrative propagated by the Kremlin-sponsored media outlet Sputnik Latvia that narrates Latvian government policy as Russophobic. The potential to entrench existing ethnopolitical divisions has been highlighted as a possible effect of Russian speakers consuming this narration. We adopt a comprehensive, mixed-method research approach, where we first provide an analysis of the content of Sputnik Latvia's Russophobia narrative in its recent output. Then, using this analysis, we examine how Russian-speaking participants respond to this content in a preregistered survey experiment and a focus group. Theoretically, we orient around the rejection-identification model. This predicts individuals to generally experience lower well-being after perceiving group-based discrimination, but that embracing the stigmatized identity can help maintain well-being despite this perceived devaluation. Our results showed that even brief exposure to Sputnik Latvia's Russophobia narrative led to higher levels of perceived discrimination and group identification in Russian speakers. However, we found no significant effects on well-being, which deviates from extant literature on discrimination. We discuss the reasons for this and suggest future directions.
48.	Hudson, Lawrence N, et al. (författare) The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project 2017 Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
49.	Huyghe, Jeroen R., et al. (författare) Discovery of common and rare genetic risk variants for colorectal cancer 2019 Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:1, s. 76- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To further dissect the genetic architecture of colorectal cancer (CRC), we performed whole-genome sequencing of 1,439 cases and 720 controls, imputed discovered sequence variants and Haplotype Reference Consortium panel variants into genome-wide association study data, and tested for association in 34,869 cases and 29,051 controls. Findings were followed up in an additional 23,262 cases and 38,296 controls. We discovered a strongly protective 0.3% frequency variant signal at CHD1. In a combined meta-analysis of 125,478 individuals, we identified 40 new independent signals at P < 5 x 10(-8), bringing the number of known independent signals for CRC to similar to 100. New signals implicate lower-frequency variants, Kruppel-like factors, Hedgehog signaling, Hippo-YAP signaling, long noncoding RNAs and somatic drivers, and support a role for immune function. Heritability analyses suggest that CRC risk is highly polygenic, and larger, more comprehensive studies enabling rare variant analysis will improve understanding of biology underlying this risk and influence personalized screening strategies and drug development.
50.	Ihle-Hansen, Håkon, et al. (författare) Carotid Atherosclerosis and Longitudinal Changes of MRI Visual Rating Measures in Stroke Survivors : A Seven-Year Follow-Up Study 2021 Ingår i: Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1052-3057 .- 1532-8511. ; 30:10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess longitudinal changes in MRI measures of brain atrophy and white matter lesions in stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) survivors, and explore whether carotid stenosis predicts progression of these changes, assessed by visual rating scales.MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients with a first-ever stroke or TIA admitted to Bærum Hospital, Norway, in 2007/2008, were invited in the acute phase and followed for seven years. Carotid ultrasound was performed during the hospital stay. Carotid stenosis was defined as ≥50% narrowing of lumen. MRI was performed one and seven years after the index event and analyzed according to the visual rating scales Fazekas scale (0-3), Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy (MTLA) (0-4) score, and Global Cortical Atrophy (GCA) scale (0-3). Patients with MRI scans at both time points were included in this sub-study.RESULTS: Of 227 patients recruited, 76 had both MRI examinations. Mean age 73.9±10.6, 41% women, and 9% had ≥50% carotid stenosis. Mean Fazekas scale was 1.7±0.9 and 1.8±1.0, mean MTLA score 1.0 ±1.0 and 1.7±1.0, and mean GCA scale score 1.4±0.7 and 1.4±0.6 after one and seven years, respectively. 71% retained the same Fazekas scale score, while 21% showed progression. Deterioration in GCA scale was seen in 20% and increasing MTLA score in 57%. Carotid stenosis was not associated with progression on Fazekas score, MTLA score or GCA scale.CONCLUSIONS: Three out of five showed progression on the MTLA score. Carotid stenosis was not associated with longitudinal change of visual rating scales.

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