| 1. |
- Alm, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
-
Uttryck på schemat och intryck i klassrummet : En studie av lektioner i skolor utan timplan
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med föreliggande avhandling är att studera användning och förekomst av lektionsbeteckningar på scheman i skolor utan en nationellt fastställd timplan, samt belysa hur elever upplever de lokala val som görs vad gäller vissa av dessa lektionsbeteckningar. Den teoretiska referensramen har sin grund i didaktikens selektionsfråga och kommunikationsfråga, och Bernsteins båda begrepp klassifikation och inramning. Avhandlingen består av två delstudier. I delstudie I analyseras, såväl kvalitativt som kvantitativt, 326 scheman från 33 skolor som på försök arbetar utan timplan. 163 scheman från skolor med timplan har analyserats i jämförande syfte. I delstudie II genomförs tio gruppintervjuer med totalt 41 elever kring tre typer av icke ämnesrelaterade lektionsbeteckningar (lagtid, verkstad och mentorstid), som är vanligt förekommande på elevers scheman. I avhandlingen visas att en mängd schemabeteckningar (170 stycken) används för att beskriva vad elever och lärare ämnar ägna sig åt. Utöver traditionella ämnen, schemaläggs arbetsmetoder, gruppbaserad tid, skriv- och lästid, social samspelstid, rekreationstid samt lektioner där eleverna involveras i val, planering och utvärdering. Den här typen av alternativa schemabeteckningar används i signifikant större utsträckning i skolorna utan timplan och i de tidigare årskurserna. När skolorna utan timplan använder alternativa beteckningar leder det huvudsakligen till schemapositioner med svagare inramning och svagare klassifikation, samt en förskjutning från innehåll mot metod/form. Eleverna upplever att lektionerna med svagare inramning och klassifikation har ett värdefullt och verklighetsanknutet innehåll, men att de inte är lika viktiga som ämnena. De upplevs ibland vara slöseri med lektionstid. Resultaten diskuteras i ljuset av annan forskning om skolor utan timplan och avhandlingens didaktiska perspektiv.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Berg, Anna, 1975-
(författare)
-
Effects of nitric oxide on gastric acid secretion in human gastric mucosa : functional and morphological studies
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hydrochloric acid (HCI) is secreted in high amounts by parietal cells in the human gastric mucosa and the resulting low pH constitutes an important factor for creating a suitable environment for the digestion. The normal gastric mucosa is equipped with an arsenal of protective mechanisms against the extreme chemical environment which the gastric acid creates. There are situations when the barrier function of the gastric mucosa is disrupted and gastric acid becomes potentially deleterious. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms by which the secretion of gastric acid is controlled under physiological conditions may improve future treatment in peptic ulcers, gastritis and other gastric inflammatory disorders.Nitric oxide (NO) has previously been found to regulate gastric acid secretion in animals. Immunohistochemical investigation of normal human gastric mucosa revealed that hitherto unknown endocrine cells in the oxyntic mucosa express nitric oxide synthase (NOS). These cells were found located in close contact with parietal cells, which suggests a paracrine effect of NO on parietal cell function.Functional studies of the effects of exogenous and endogenous NO on stimulated gastric acid secretion were performed on isolated human gastric glands. Indirect determination of gastric acid secretion by using the 14C-labeled aminopyrine (AP) technique was used. Stimulation was induced by administration of histamine or db-cAMP. Secretagogue-induced AP-accumulation in gastric glands treated with NO-donor was significantly decreased compared with untreated glands. This indicates that exogenously administered NO inhibits stimulated gastric acid secretion in humans. Inhibition of endogenous NO-production by the use of NOS-inhibitors caused an increase in AP-accumulation, which suggests that NO released from cells within the glandular epithelium exerts a physiological effect in acting as an inhibitor of stimulated gastric acid secretory activity in humans.Further functional and morphological investigations showed that exogenously administered cGMP induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of AP-accumulation in isolated human gastric glands similar to that induced by NO-donors. When soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a common target enzyme for NO, was blocked NO failed to induce inhibition. Biochemical analysis of the cGMP concentrations in isolated gastric glands after treatment with NO-donor revealed that inhibition of AP-accumulation due to NO is accompanied by an increase in glandular cGMP content. This increase was localized by immunohistochemistry to the parietal cells. These results indicates that NO inhibits secretagogue-induced gastric acid secretion in isolated human gastric glands via activation of sGC, which results in an increased concentration of cGMP in the parietal cells.In order to determine the cGMP-dependent mechanisms leading to diminished output of gastric acid, parietal cells were investigated with emphasis on the cytological transformations associated with stimulation of acid secretion. Isolated human gastric glands were treated with NO-donor prior to administration of histamine. The cytoskeletal rearrangement as well as the translocation and incorporation of H+/K+-ATPase into the apical membrane was studied using con focal and electron microscopy techniques. Results showed that histamine-induced F-actin rearrangement as well as the translocation of H+/K+-ATPase rich tubulovesicles to the canalicular membrane, and their fusion with the same, was unaffected by NO. The secretory canaliculi, which swell to great size as a result of histamine-treatment, were however small and unexpanded in response to treatment with NO-donor. The unexpanded canaliculi reflected the NO-induced inhibition of secretion of HCI observed in the functional studies.In conclusion, these results show that NO may be a physiological regulator of stimulated gastric acid secretion in humans and that this inhibition is a cGMP-dependent mechanisms which diminishes output of HCI from parietal cells without affecting stimuli-induced cytological transformations.
|
|
| 6. |
- Berg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Reduction of decomposition rates of Scots pine needle litter due to heavy-metal pollution
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - 1573-2932. ; 59:1-2, s. 165-177
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decomposition of unpolluted Scots pine needle litter was studied in two heavy-metal-pollution gradients in Sweden; one near a brass mill and the other around a primary smelter. In the latter area locally collected polluted Scots pine needle litter was also incubated. Decomposition rates were strongly influenced by the metal pollution and a decrease in the rate of mass-loss occurred. In the brass-mill gradient this occurred until about 1 km from the pollution source which corresponded to about 500-mu-g Cu and 1000-mu-g Zn g-1 soil. Data are presented to indicate that lignin decomposition was more sensitive to pollution than decomposition of whole litter and affected further away from the pollution sources. At the smelter sites, the metal-polluted needle litter decomposed more slowly than the unpolluted needle litter, and this difference was enhanced close to the smelter. The results indicate that heavy metals accumulated in needles prior to shedding have a long-term impact on the subsequent decomposition of the litter. Both litter quality and soil factors thus contribute to the reduced litter decomposition rate in metal-polluted forests. A new non-linear model with decreasing decay rate was used in the statistical evaluation. The model can be used to characterize the effects of pollution on decomposition rate.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Berg, Gunnar
(författare)
-
Demokrati bara för utvalda
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 12. |
- Berg, Gunnar
(författare)
-
Den svårstyrda skolan
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Akka: Tidskrift för kultur och lärande vid Högskolan Dalarna. - 1404-1871. ; , s. 45-56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Berg, Gunnar, 1947-
(författare)
-
From Structural Dilemmas to Institutional Imperatives : A descriptive Teheory of the School as an Institution and of school organisations
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Curriculum Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-0272 .- 1366-5839. ; 39:5, s. 577-596
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the descriptive theory that is outlined in this article is to grasp the complexity of the school as a state and societal institution as well as single schools as organisations. The theory is based upon that a significant characteristic of this complexity is the ambiguity as far as the missions and goals – the outer boundaries – of the school-institution are concerned. Generally speaking it is reasonable to claim that the higher degree of institutional ambiguity that characterizes these outer boundaries the more extended is the available scope of action for single schools. To focus on the scope of action for single schools is also an expression of giving attention to the more and less extended latitudes for conducting professional oriented school development work.
|
|
| 18. |
- Berg, Gunnar
(författare)
-
Företagskulturers makt : överbrygga språkliga klyftor
- 2008
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How do we work in projects that are expected to bridge cultural, social and historical boundaries? Is it possible to apply stated instructions across these boundaries so that, for example, the task of producing a requirement specification is interpreted in the same way by all the parties involved? In this thesis, the author takes a stand against his personal experience from such a trans-cultural project – a project in which he failed. A factor that made a strong contribution to this failure was the inability of the companies involved to manage the underlying complex of problems, problems associated with the philosophy of language. They possessed neither the knowledge nor the instruments to bridge the chasms of language. Essential reflection and analysis was replaced by the power language of the enterprise; individuals were singled out and held responsible, and the failure was relegated by definition to the level of personal issues. Experience does not automatically become knowledge; this is a process that requires reflection. The author suggests a number of ways of tackling communications problems among people who not only do not understand one another, but do not understand that they do not understand. The latter may mean that two people think that something is unambiguous, yet their interpretations diverge. This is when problems occur. Nobody has made a mistake – both parties have acted properly, they have even (perhaps) talked the matter through and reached agreement, yet the result still does not coincide with what they anticipated. A central concept is dialogue. Through its organised form, dialogue can make openings in problems that cut through cultural, social and historical boundaries. It is an approach that may be illustrated through authors and philosophers such as Witold Gombrowicz, Ludwik Fleck, Oscar Wilde, Joseph Conrad and Galileo Galilei. This study has its basis and its origins in the research area of Skills and Technology at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (KTH).
|
|
| 19. |
- Berg, Gunnar, 1947-
(författare)
-
Hur kan rektor navigera i skolledarskapets komplexitet?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Skolledarskapet i fokus – kunskap, värden och verktyg. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144060613 ; , s. 24-37
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skolans institutionella struktur präglades formellt sett av i huvudsak regelstyrning under efterkrigstiden fram till 1990-talets början. Under 90-talet kom målstyrningen i förgrunden och under 2000-talet har skolan som institution alltmer kommit att präglas av resultatstyrning. I detta kapitel analyseras konsekvenserna av dessa respektive styrstrukturer med avseende på rektorers och andra skolledares arbete och arbetsvillkor.
|
|
| 20. |
- Berg, Gunnar, 1947-
(författare)
-
Klassrums- och skolorienterat ledarskap
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Lärare som ledare. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144075457 ; , s. 177-190
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I kapitlet behandlas vilka krav på lärares ledarskap som faller ut ur skolans nuvarande statliga styrning.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Berg, Gunnar, 1947-
(författare)
-
Ledarskap, skolkultur och skolans uppdrag
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Lärare som ledare. - Lund. - 9789144075457 ; , s. 209-228
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I kapitlets diskuteras hur kan analyser av skolkulturer och relevanta delar av styrdokument kan vara viktiga delar i hur lärare kan utöva ledarskap även utanför klassrumsarbetet.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Berg, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Skolans kommunalisering och de professionellas frirum
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SammanfattningI enlighet med studiens uppdragsbeskrivning uppmärksammas följande frågeställningar i denna rapport: (1) Vilka konsekvenser i fråga om professionellt frirum har skolans kommunalisering öppnat för från 1990-talet och fram till dagsläget, och (2) har frirummet under denna tidsperiod använts av de professionella för självständiga handlingar, och i så fall hur? I rapporten behandlas lärares och skolledares yrkesutövande under tidsperioden från skolans kommunalisering i början av 1990-talet till dagsläget (2013) i ett institutionellt perspektiv. Frirum är alltså rapportens nyckelbegrepp, och givet detta tonar den s.k. frirumsteorin fram som en i sammanhanget adekvat analysram.Frågan om frirum och professionell frirumsanvändning behandlas under tre tidsperioder. Den skolinstitution som utvecklades under efterkrigstiden fram till 1980-talets slut benämns som i huvudsak centraliserad och regelstyrd, och medgav ett professionellt frirum som för lärares del i huvudsak var koncentrerat till klassrumsarbete. Den kommunaliserade skola som in-fördes i början av 1990-talet innebar en decentraliseringslinje som i sin tur öppnade för en marknadslinje. Med en samlingsbeteckning kan 1990-talets skolinstitution karaktäriseras som målstyrd och decentraliserad. Intentionerna bakom decentraliseringslinjen var bl.a. att fri-rummet för skolans professionella skulle vidgas till att i princip omfatta skolverksamhet i alla dess operativa aspekter. I marknadslinjen betonades värden som valfrihet och konkurrens, och en väsentlig vikt lades här vid föräldrars och elevers fria skolval. 2000-talets skolinstitution präglas av centraliserad resultatstyrning, vilket står för att inom kommunaliseringens, valfrihetens och det fria skolvalets ramar har staten infört en successivt alltmer finmaskig kontrollapparat. Skolinspektionen tonar fram som det främsta uttrycket för denna skolinstitutionella struktur, och inspektionens 2000-tals historia präglas av en gradvis skärpning av kontrollens utövande och möjliga sanktionsåtgärder för att korrigera skolverksamheter som inte bedöms hålla måttet. Ord som kvalitetsgranskning och kvalitetsarbete är nyckelbegrepp i detta sammanhang. Allmänt uttryckt innebär en mer utbyggd kontrollapparat att det formella frirummet för lärares och skolledares egna och självständiga handlingar minskar. De tre nämnda institutionella strukturerna vilar officiellt sett på begreppet likvärdighet, men detta begrepp har tillskrivits olika innebörder som kan förstås i ljuset av respektive institutionell struktur.Att frirummet formellt sett ökade under 1990-talets decentralisering, och minskade under 2000-talet till följd av utbyggnaden av den statliga kontrollapparaten, säger emellertid inte särskilt mycket om de professionellas faktiska frirumsanvändning. Att det över tid existerat – och fortfarande existerar – varierande art och grad av frirum för skolprofessionella handlingar innebär emellertid inte att det faktiskt används av skolans yrkesgrupper för egna och själv-ständiga handlingar. Med hänvisning till forskning, utvecklingsarbeten och annan empiri argumenteras i rapporten för att utvecklingsarbeten som syftat till utökad frirumsanvändning ofta utmynnat i intressemotsättningar mellan olika professionella aktörer snarare än kvalitetshöjande verksamhet. Rapporten visar även att 1990-talets decentralisering, som var tänkt att ge utrymme för en professionell frirumsanvändning som för lärares del sträckte sig utöver själva klassrumsarbetet, inte sällan stannade på kommunal skolpolitisk och förvaltningsnivå, och därmed i begränsad omfattning påverkade skolornas reella vardagsarbete. Rapporten visar vidare att även i dagens centraliserade och resultatstyrda skolinstitution existerar ett frirum som uppmärksammar lärares klassrumsarbete och rektorers resultat- och verksamhetsansvar, men som också lyfter fram skolors kollektiva professionella ansvar för vardagsarbetet.Rapporten har av avgränsningsskäl ett huvudsakligt fokus på grundskolan, men de principiella slutsatserna gäller även i allt väsentligt även för gymnasieskolan.
|
|
| 30. |
- Berg, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Skolans kommunalisering och de professionellas frirum : Rapport utarbetad på uppdrag av utredningen om skolans kommunalisering
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- FörordAllt fler är överens om att lärarna är skolans viktigaste resurs. Diskussionen om skolan handlar därför i hög grad om hur vi ska ge bästa tänkbara förutsättningar för lärarna att bedriva en bra undervisning. Man brukar säga att lärare och rektorer är exempel på professioner eller, lite beroende på definitionen, semiprofessioner. För alla grupper av professionella är det av yttersta vikt med autonomi i yrket –så även för lärare och rektorer. När effekterna av skolans kommunalisering ska bedömas är det därför relevant att analysera på vilket sätt lärarnas och rektorernas handlingsutrymme för självständiga professionella handlingar i den svenska skolan förändrats från tiden närmast före skolans kommunalisering och framåt. I denna rapport visas bland annat att staten vid olika tidsperioder tillerkänt skolans professionella varierande grad av handlingsutrymme för professionella handlingar i skolans vardagsarbete. I rapporten talas om att skolan före kommunaliseringen kännetecknades av central regelstyrning, som i samband med kommunaliseringen ersattes av en decentraliserad målstyrning. Numera utmärksstyrningen av centraliserad resultatstyrning. Vidare framhålls i rapporten att lärarna och rektorerna av olika skäl inte alltid använt det frirum för professionella handlingar som staten medgett.Undersökningen har genomförts efter ett uppdrag från denna utredning till professor Gunnar Berg, som utarbetat rapporten i samverkan med en grupp forskare bestående av Fia Andersson, Göran Bostedt, Judit Novak, Jan Perselli, Frank Sundh och Christer Wede. Forskarna ansvarar själva för innehållet i rapporten.Utredningen om skolans kommunalisering (U 2012:09)Leif Lewin Särskild utredare
|
|
| 31. |
- Berg, Gunnar, 1947-
(författare)
-
Skolledarskap och skolans frirum
- 2011. - 1
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förlagsinformation: Boken syftar till att tydliggöra den komplexitet som utmärker rektorers och andra skolledares arbete och arbetsvillkor. Det goda skolledarskapet är inte enbart en fråga om att demonstrera ytliga ledaregenskaper som empatisk framtoning, kommunikativ förmåga, karismatisk utstrålning. I boken analyserar författaren vad ett professionellt skolledarskap verkligen innebär och diskuterar konsekvenserna av denna professionalism för skolledares faktiska yrkesutövande. Det handlar kort sagt om de skolledarroller som ligger i förlängningen av den centraliserade resultatstyrning som präglar dagens skola och om det frirum som denna styrform öppnar för. För den enskilda skolan och skolledaren har frirummet att göra med var gränserna går för skolans planering, genomförande och uppföljning av det egna vardagsarbetet. Bokens innehåll bygger på den frirumsteori om skolan som institution och skolor som organisationer som redovisas i Att förstå skolan (Studentlitteratur 2003). Boken vänder sig till verksamma och blivande rektorer samt till andra ledare verksamma inom enskilda skolor. Eftersom ledarskapsfrågor fått ett utökat utrymme i den nya lärarutbildningen är bokens innehåll även relevant för lärarstudenter och verksamma lärare.
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Berg, Gunnar, 1947-
(författare)
-
The complexity of school leadership
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to shed light on, at least the essential aspects, of the complexity that characterizes the work and working conditions of school principals and other school leaders. The key concept here is school leadership, comprising both working conditions and work. Working conditions refer to the framework that governs, limits and regulates, in this case, the way in which school principals and other school leaders exercise their professional duties. In the final analysis, this can be traced back to the kind of mandate the school as a state-run institution carries out in society. With work we mean the activities that are actually performed, and hence the everyday activities that take place within individual school organizations. In a nutshell, the complexity of school leadership is about collaborative and counteractive forces both within and between working conditions and work. The paper will attempt to clarify what this means in greater detail.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Berg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Countertransference in Swedish psychotherapists: Testing the factor structure of the Therapist Response Questionnaire.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome. - : PAGEPress Publications. - 2499-7552 .- 2239-8031. ; 22:1, s. 99-112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Questionnaires need testing of reliability and factor structure before clinical use or research in new languages or cultures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Therapist Response Questionnaire (TRQ) in Sweden compared to corresponding factor analyses in USA and Italy. A national sample of psychotherapists (N=242) registered their countertransference with a single client using TRQ. The data were analyzed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test factor structures from previous studies, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The CFA did not verify the factor structure from the previous studies. The EFA extracted seven factors as the best solution: Helpless/Inadequate, Overwhelmed/Disorganized, Hostile/Angry, Parental/Protective, Disengaged, Special/Overinvolved, Sexualized. Analysis of convergent validity indicated that five of these could be considered equivalent to factors in the previous studies, and the remaining two were conceptually related to corresponding factors. Even though the factor structure was not confirmed by the CFA, the concordance was large, indicating a reliable self-report instrument with promising validity for measurement of complex aspects of countertransference. Common countertransference themes can inform psychotherapy supervision and education, give feedback to the therapist, and lay ground for a taxonomy for therapist reactions and feelings.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
- Berg, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Underutilisation of psychiatric care among refugee adolescents in Stockholm
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110, s. 563-570
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Refugee children have been shown to underutilise psychiatric services in Scandinavia. The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of psychiatric care utilisation in adolescents in refugee families.Methods: The study used regional data on healthcare use linked to sociodemographic data from national registers in a total population of 93 537 adolescents in the Stockholm County born in 1995‐2000, including 18 831 with a refugee background. Cox regression analyses were fitted to estimate Hazard ratios (HRs) of psychiatric care utilisation in the age‐span 11‐18 years.Results: Psychiatric care use was lower in the large majority of adolescents in refugee families that originated in low‐ and middle‐income countries, with adjusted HRs 0.34 (95% CI 0.28‐0.42) and 0.51 (95% CI 0.46‐0.56), respectively, compared with the Swedish majority population. Among the foreign‐born refugee adolescents, psychiatric care use increased with duration of residence in Sweden and was higher in children who obtained residency as asylum seekers compared with those who settled in family reunification.Conclusion: Adolescents in newly settled refugee families with a background in low‐ and middle‐income countries should be a priority in mental health assessment of refugee children and referral to psychiatric care facilitated for children in need.
|
|
| 40. |
- Berg, Marie, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
Early random capillary glucose level screening and multidisciplinary antenatal teamwork to improve outcome in gestational diabetes mellitus
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. ; 86:3, s. 283-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study describes maternal and neonatal characteristics and delivery outcome in women with gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM], compared to a control group. METHODS: A retrospective observational study of 719 women with GDM was undertaken in a Swedish urban district. All other parturients at the same hospital served as the control group. GDM was diagnosed using random capillary glucose levels at fixed intervals, beginning early in pregnancy. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed at glucose levels>or=7.0 mmol/l (127.8 mg/dl). Data was analysed according to glucose levels at diagnosis, ie, mild or severe GDM. RESULTS: GDM was diagnosed in 2.28% of the women who were older and had higher Body Mass Index [BMI]. A high proportion was of non-Nordic origin (44.5%); they had severe GDM more often (49.1%) than the Nordic group (33.1%). The GDM-mild group had less complications and abnormalities, compared to the GDM-severe group, although both groups differed from the control group in this respect. Delivery was spontaneous in 70.2% of GDM-mild, 65.7% of GDM-severe and 81.0% of the control group. LGA (+2 SD) was found in 4.8, 10.5 and 3.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Early non-fasting random universal screening and multidisciplinary antenatal teamwork intervention seems to be favourable, with low rates of excessive fetal growth, instrumental vaginal delivery and caesarean section.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Berg, Svante, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Disc height and motion patterns in the lumbar spine in patients treated with total disc replacement or fusion for discogenic back pain : Results from a randomized controlled trial
- 2011
-
Ingår i: The spine journal. - : Elsevier. - 1529-9430 .- 1878-1632. ; 11:11, s. 991-998
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Design. Comparison of X-ray measurements in a randomized controlled trial between instrumented posterior fusion (N=72) and total disc replacement (TDR) (N=80) for chronic low back pain assumed to be discogenic. Results were compared to clinical outcome. Objective. To see if surgical goals for respective treatments had been reached, if clinical outcome was related to this, and if differences in disc height and adjacent segment motion patterns between groups occurred. Summary of Background Data. Fusion is considered the “gold standard” in surgical treatment of degenerated disc disease, though the resulting stiffness may induce degeneration in adjacent segments. TDR aims to restore and maintain mobility by replacing a painful disc. Little is known about the degree and quality of mobility in artificial discs in vivo, and whether maintained mobility reduces stress on adjacent segments. Methods. Flexion-extension X-rays were analyzed pre- and two years postoperatively using Distortion Compensated Roentgen Analysis (DCRA) at treated and adjacent levels, mobility following fusion and TDR was estimated. Changes in disc height and changes in mobility patterns in adjacent segments were compared. The results were compared with clinical outcome regarding back pain. Results. 78% of fused patients had no mobility whereas 89% of TDR-patients were mobile, but with less than normal mobility. The fulfilment of surgical goals was not correlated to clinical outcome. Fused segments were lower and TDR-segments were higher than normal. There were minor differences, there being more translation or flexion-extension at adjacent levels in the fusion group than in the TDR group. Conclusions. This very accurate X-ray method (DCRA) indicates that surgical goals were reached in most patients. This however, was not correlated to outcome. Differences between the groups in postoperative disc height and motion patterns at adjacent segments may lead to differences in outcome in the long-term perspective, but this was not detectable after two years.
|
|
| 43. |
- Berg, Svante, 1953-
(författare)
-
On Total Disc Replacement
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Low back pain consumes a large part of the community’s resources dedicated to health care and sick leave. Back disorders also negatively affect the individual leading to pain suffering, decreased quality-of-life and disability. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) due to degenerative disc disease (DDD) is today often treated with fusion when conservative treatment has failed and symptoms are severe. This treatment is as successful as arthroplasty is for hip arthritis in restoring the patient’s quality of life and reducing disability. Even so, there are some problems with this treatment, one of these being recurrent CLBP from an adjacent segment (ASD) after primarily successful surgery. This has led to the development of alternative surgical treatments and devices that maintain or restore mobility, in order to reduce the risk for ASD. Of these new devices, the most frequently used are the disc prostheses used in Total Disc Replacement (TDR).This thesis is based on four studies comparing total disc replacement with posterior fusion. The studies are all based on a material of 152 patients with DDD in one or two segments, aged 20-55 years that were randomly treated with either posterior fusion or TDR.The first study concerned clinical outcome and complications. Follow-up was 100% at both one and two years. It revealed that both treatment groups had a clear benefit from treatment and that patients with TDR were better in almost all outcome scores at one-year follow-up. Fusion patients continued to improve during the second year. At two-year follow-up there was a remaining difference in favour of TDR for back pain. 73% in the TDR group and 63% in the fusion group were much better or totally pain-free (n.s.), while twice as many patients in the TDR group were totally pain free (30%) compared to the fusion group (15%).Time of surgery and total time in hospital were shorter in the TDR group.There was no difference in complications and reoperations, except that seventeen of the patients in the fusion group were re-operated for removal of their implants.The second study concerned sex life and sexual function. TDR is performed via an anterior approach, an approach that has been used for a long time for various procedures on the lumbar spine. A frequent complication reported in males when this approach is used is persistent retrograde ejaculation. The TDR group in this material was operated via an extra-peritoneal approach to the retroperitoneal space, and there were no cases of persistent retrograde ejaculation. There was a surprisingly high frequency of men in the fusion group reporting deterioration in ability to have an orgasm postoperatively.Preoperative sex life was severely hampered in the majority of patients in the entire material, but sex life underwent a marked improvement in both treatment groups by the two-year follow-up that correlated with reduction in back pain.The third study was on mobility in the lumbar spinal segments, where X-rays were taken in full extension and flexion prior to surgery and at two-year follow-up. Analysis of the films showed that 78% of the patients in the fusion group reached the surgical goal (non-mobility) and that 89% of the TDR patients maintained mobility.Preoperative disc height was lower than in a normative database in both groups, and remained lower in the fusion group, while it became higher in the TDR group. Mobility in the operated segment increased in the TDR group postoperatively. Mobility at the rest of the lumbar spine increased in both treatment groups. Mobility in adjacent segments was within the norm postoperatively, but slightly larger in the fusion group.In the fourth study the health economics of TDR vs Fusion was analysed. The hospital costs for the procedure were higher for patients in the fusion group compared to the TDR group, and the TDR patients were on sick-leave two months less.In all, these studies showed that the results in the TDR group were as good as in the fusion group. Patients are more likely to be totally pain-free when treated with TDR compared to fusion. Treatment with this new procedure seems justified in selected patients at least in the short-term perspective. Long-term follow-up is underway and results will be published in due course.
|
|
| 44. |
- Bergström, Joakim H., 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
AGR2, an endoplasmic reticulum protein, is secreted into the gastrointestinal mucus.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MUC2 mucin is the major constituent of the two mucus layers in colon. Mice lacking the disulfide isomerase-like protein Agr2 have been shown to be more susceptible to colon inflammation. The Agr2(-/-) mice have less filled goblet cells and were now shown to have a poorly developed inner colon mucus layer. We could not show AGR2 covalently bound to recombinant MUC2 N- and C-termini as have previously been suggested. We found relatively high concentrations of Agr2 in secreted mucus throughout the murine gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that Agr2 may play extracellular roles. In tissue culture (CHO-K1) cells, AGR2 is normally not secreted. Replacement of the single Cys in AGR2 with Ser (C81S) allowed secretion, suggesting that modification of this Cys might provide a mechanism for circumventing the KTEL endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. In conclusion, these results suggest that AGR2 has both intracellular and extracellular effects in the intestine.
|
|
| 45. |
- Billmayer, Jakob, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Good and evil teachers : teaching and leading in the movie Hets
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Teachers' profession can be said to consist of at least two aspects, teaching and leading. Teaching summarizes subject matters and didactic knowledge, leading is the social part of teachers' work, for example arranging a learning environment, rules, discipline and teacher-pupil-interaction. Teachers are, of course, the formal leaders, managers, in schools and classrooms. They are put in this position by formal law and social customary. At the same time, teachers do have a choice how they exercise their part as a leader depending on personal preferences, their own education and, again, legal and social boundaries.. What is considered as good respectively bad leadership for a teacher is changeable.Teachers and schools are a common theme for film and television. The dramatic focus lies on the social aspects of school and classroom life, the relation between teachers and pupils for example, subject matters are rarely depicted. This means teachers are mainly portrayed in their role as leaders.Mass media, such as television and films, give direction to discourses in society. Analyzing them can give a clue to what matters concern at a certain time period and in a certain society. In Sweden the film Torment (Hets) written by Ingmar Bergman in 1944 has been influencing public discourse about school and teaching since then.In this paper we are going to analyze how teachers' leadership is depicted in this film. Using directed material as empirical data allows us to ask “Who is the good teacher and who is the bad – or evil – teacher?”In our discussion we will look at how the formal manager role that teachers get by law and social customary leaves space for different kinds of teachers' leadership. Will bigger juridical authority for teachers prevent evil teaching, or is the opposite more plausible? But even common ideas of morality will have to be considered and discussed; why is a certain type of leader connected with the role of the good hero and the other one is the evil villain? Is this the only way the different styles of leadership can be looked at?
|
|
| 46. |
- Billmayer, Jakob, 1983-
(författare)
-
Ska dörren vara öppen? : Disciplin i klassrummet i Sverige och Tyskland
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to investigate discipline in German and Swedish classrooms and describe its cultural contexts. In countries with compulsory education, it must be assumed that not all students voluntarily attend classes. The mandatory presence of students combined with the ban on corporal punishment in schools means that classroom interaction has to be organized according to certain manners and rules (Luhmann, 2002a:108a). These rules are understood here as discipline meaning the organization and control of individuals and their actions over space and time (Foucault, 1987/1975). This study assumes similarities in the fundamental disciplinary mechanisms, although different contexts (here Germany and Sweden) will create different concrete manifestations of the phenomenon. Since the observation of cultural contexts is not as self-evident and direct as the observation of classroom interactions of teachers and students, the theoretical considerations here include a detailed discussion of methodology for observing culture. Starting with Alfred Schütz’ concept of ideal types and Niklas Luhmann’s theory on massmedia, it is argued that culture can be observed through the products of mass media. The empirical data for this study consists of field studies in the form of observations in German and Swedish classrooms as well as the examination of Germanand Swedish films and television series about teachers and students. The classroom observations were used to create ideal typical descriptions of different implementations of disciplinary procedure. Based on the analysis of teacher figures in various German and Swedish films and television series, several “good” and “bad” teacher types were initially identified. Combining the two results allowed conclusions tobe made about correlations between disciplinary order and whether a teacher is considered “good” or “bad”. This review of the various types of order is the basis for the description of cultural contexts. The results of classroom observations and film studies and their discussion in relation to prior Swedish research, gives the picture of a cultural context in which various forms of classroom order are avail-able, in which they are critically discussed and also can exist in parallel to each other. On the other hand, the German context seems to allow only one form of classroom order, both in actual school operations as well as in the mass media representation and scientific reflection.
|
|
| 47. |
- Boström, Lena, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
Läroplansimplementering och korstryck i fritidshemmets arbete
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Educare. - Malmö : Malmo University Library. - 1653-1868 .- 2004-5190. ; :2, s. 107-132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I svenska fritidshem pågår i en daglig verksamhet för cirka en halv miljon barn. Den präglas av en komplexitet omfattande exempelvis förändringar av styrdokument, brist på en accentuerad pedagogik och en förändrad profession. Mot denna bakgrund fokuserar denna studie på fritidspedagogers uppfattningar om läroplansimplementering och eventuell genomslagskraft i den fritidspedagogiska praktiken. Empirin består av individuella intervjuer, fokusgrupper och fältstudier. I studien flätas teorier om läroplansdidaktik och organisationsteori samman. Som analytiska begrepp används läroplansimplementering och korstryck. Resultatet visar att värden och uppgifter som pedagogerna betonar i relation till styrdokumenten är sociala färdigheter, professionell ambivalens samt fritidshemmets status. Strategier personalen använder är hög ledarskapsstruktur, reaktiv bekräftelse av läroplansskrivningar samt traditionella fritidshemsverksamheter. Begränsningar är fritidshemsverksamhetens låga status i jämförelse med traditionell skolverksamhet, brist på tid för implementering, ”skolifiering” samt oklarheter i styrdokumentens innehållsbeskrivningar. Därmed upplevs flera stressande korstryck i olika bemärkelser i arbetet, vilket försvårar realisering av läroplanens intentioner.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Dahlgren, Inger, 1942-
(författare)
-
Analys av en utvärderingsmodell för förebyggande arbete inom socialpedagogiskt hälsoarbete
- 2008
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this thesis is to find, test and develop a method/model for evaluating socio-educational work in mental health. The intention is not to do a complete evaluation but rather to illustrate how a model can be applied.The starting point is a model of self-assessment that shares many similarities with both programme-evaluation and evaluation with the use of stakeholders. The arguments used for evaluation in this study are based mainly on the aims to ‘promote and improve’ and ‘develop and critically analyse’. The arguments used to support a user-orientation are the service-adaptation argument and the bottom-up perspective.A self-assessment model i.e. an institutional and professional model was utilized for this evaluation because the service studied was a collaborative, preventive effort between Social Services and Primary Care focused on families with children. The model for self-assessment is combined with ‘SWOT-thinking’ which will assist planning, implementation and evaluation of a complex service.This model takes both the target group/target groups, the staff and the organisation into consideration. The frame factors, the process and the achievements are analysed for each of the included components. This model facilitates studying the relationships between the various parts of the model and further allows for a bottom-up and top-down perspective and for shifting between the various perspectives.This study is important because it demonstrates that several aspects of complex services can be studied with the aid of a self-assessment model. The model can be applied to planning, development, quality assurance and evaluation. By studying relationships within the model it is possible to proceed from any one segment in the model and follow how it influences every other segment. Thus it is possible to some extent predict later complications or highlight areas requiring further attention.
|
|
| 50. |
- Dahlkwist, Matts, 1950-
(författare)
-
En landsbygdens skolreform? : Den geografiska dimensionen i bygget av en enhetsskola
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A fundamental organizational idea in the construction of a nine-year coherent unit school in Sweden 1928–1972, with geographical equality as a subgoal, consisted of a national uniformity in terms and content, with centralization as an overall tool (strategy area 1). At the same time, this school would be designed after local needs and conditions (strategy area 2). The main purpose and the investigation in the dissertation consist of the relationship between these two strategy areas in a smaller rural municipality. A categorization has been made in its various aspects of national and local level: first the uniformity of the school time, second in shape (school-form and school size), as well as the third, compensatory measures to compensate for centralization's disadvantages in the countryside. The thesis takes its starting point in a historical micropolitical longitudinal study, in order to capture how a local school organization acted in relation to national intentions and decisions, through studies of the interaction and the conflict pattern between actors of significance, in accordance with Lipsky's theory of Street Level Bureaucrats (here: the country road bureaucrats). The main results of the empirical study shows that even from a rural perspective, the school's centralization process was considered necessary in the work to achieve geographical equalization. When a conflict between the both strategy areas occur, was national uniformity prioritized in front of manifestation of local space. The cross-pressure position of the country road bureaucrats were characterized by the fact that they often ended up in a cross-pressure position between parents on one side and school inspector on the other hand. In conflict situations, the country road bureaucrats used to came to act in coalition with any other actor.
|
|
