| 1. |
- Gotfredsen, Klaus, et al.
(author)
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Implants and/or teeth: consensus statements and recommendations.
- 2008
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In: Journal of oral rehabilitation. - : Wiley. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 35:Suppl 1, s. 2-8
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In August 23-25, 2007, the Scandinavian Society for Prosthetic Dentistry in collaboration with the Danish Society of Oral Implantology arranged a consensus conference on the topic 'Implants and/or teeth'. It was preceded by a workshop in which eight focused questions were raised and answered in eight review articles using a systematic approach. Twenty-eight academicians and clinicians discussed the eight review papers with the purpose to reach consensus on questions relevant for the topic. At the conference the consensus statements were presented as well as lectures based on the review articles. In this article the methods used at the consensus workshop are briefly described followed by the statements with comments.
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| 3. |
- Widbom, T, et al.
(author)
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Possible sites for cylinder implants in Swedish individuals aged 20-70 years : A comparative radiological inventory in 1983 and 1993.
- 2000
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In: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 24:1-2, s. 13-22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the number of possible sites for cylinder implants in an epidemiological sample of adult individuals and to compare these results with those from a similar inventory performed 10 years earlier. This study, which comprised individuals 20-70 years old, is part of two larger epidemiological dental studies of individuals from the community of Jönköping, Sweden, performed in 1983 and 1993. Random samples of 579 and 575 individuals respectively were examined and classified according to the Eichner index. The radiographic examination included an orthopantomogram and a full-mouth intra-oral examination. Only existing spaces anterior to the second molars were considered as possible implant sites. Cylinder implants with a diameter of 3.75 mm and a length between 7 and 20 mm were plotted on the radiographs. Result: The most striking result from this study was the reduction by almost a half of the total number of possible implant sites between 1983 and 1993. A certain proportion of existing tooth gaps had been treated with conventional fixed prostheses, usually in small tooth gaps, and this tendency had increased between 1983 and 1993. The need for implants in the anterior frontal region was small but constant (less than 1%) in 1983 and 1993. In the future, implants will be a treatment option in young individuals, most likely in cases of trauma and tooth agenesis. Further it may be assumed that implant treatment in edentulous jaws will continue to increase in relative terms, i.e. the percentage of edentulous jaws that have been treated with implants will increase. In absolute terms, however, the frequency of the treatment will decrease because fewer individuals will be edentulous. Instead, the proportion of partially dentate subjects treated with implants will increase.
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| 9. |
- Bergendal, T, et al.
(author)
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A radiological inventory of possible sites for cylinder implants in edentulous regions of the jaws : An epidemiological study
- 1994
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In: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 18:3, s. 75-85
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Implant treatment is nowadays requested as an alternative mode of treatment for both total and partial edentulousness. The purpose of the study was to assess the maximum number of possible implant sites in a group of adults. The study material comprised 579 persons divided into the age-groups 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 years. Based on radiological examination, the subjects were grouped according to Eichner's index. They comprised both dentate and edentulous individuals. Templates, marked with cylinder implants of different dimensions, were placed over edentulous regions. The possible number of cylinder-shaped endosseous implants that could be placed anterior to the second molar was assessed in relation to bone availability and anatomical structures. Gaps treated with fixed bridges were not registered. Altogether 1,048 presumptive fixture sites were marked, of which 78% in the age-groups 60 and 70 years. Eichner groups C 1-3, which comprised the edentulous persons, constituted 12% of the subjects and accounted for 57% of the possible number of implants. All edentulous mandibles and 70% of the edentulous maxillae were judged suitable for placement of implants. On average 5.5 and 5.8 sites were marked per edentulous maxilla and mandible, respectively. Groups B1-4 comprised 21% of the subjects and accounted for 37% of the implants. It is discussed that implant treatment in totally edentulous jaws will increase in relative terms in Sweden as in other Scandinavian countries, i.e. the percentage of edentulous jaws treated with implants will increase. In absolute terms, however, the treatment will probably decrease owing to a marked decrease in the number of edentulous individuals. The future need for implant treatment in the residual dentition will probably increase but it is difficult to predict by how much.
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| 14. |
- Forslin, Y., et al.
(author)
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Gadolinium Retention in the Brain: An MRI Relaxometry Study of Linear and Macrocyclic Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Multiple Sclerosis
- 2019
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In: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 40:8, s. 1265-1273
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain gadolinium retention is consistently reported for linear gadolinium-based contrast agents, while the results for macrocyclics are contradictory and potential clinical manifestations remain controversial. Furthermore, most previous studies are based on conventional T1-weighted MR imaging. We therefore aimed to quantitatively investigate longitudinal and transversal relaxation in the brain in relation to previous gadolinium-based contrast agent administration and explore associations with disability in multiple sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-five patients with MS and 21 healthy controls underwent longitudinal and transverse relaxation rate (R-1 and R-2) relaxometry. Patients were divided into linear, mixed, and macrocyclic groups based on previous gadolinium-based contrast agent administration. Neuropsychological testing was performed in 53 patients. The dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and thalamus were manually segmented. Repeatability measures were also performed. RESULTS: The relaxometry was robust (2.0% scan-rescan difference) and detected higher R-1 (dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, thalamus) and R-2 (globus pallidus, caudate nucleus) in patients receiving linear gadolinium-based contrast agents compared with controls. The number of linear gadolinium-based contrast agent administrations was associated with higher R-1 and R-2 in all regions (except R-2 in the thalamus). No similar differences and associations were found for the macrocyclic group. Higher relaxation was associated with lower information-processing speed (dentate nucleus, thalamus) and verbal fluency (caudate nucleus, thalamus). No associations were found with physical disability or fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: Previous linear, but not macrocyclic, gadolinium-based contrast agent administration is associated with higher relaxation rates in a dose-dependent manner. Higher relaxation in some regions is associated with cognitive impairment but not physical disability or fatigue in MS. The findings should be interpreted with care but encourage studies into gadolinium retention and cognition.
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| 17. |
- Granberg, T, et al.
(author)
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Corpus callosum atrophy is strongly associated with cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: Results of a 17-year longitudinal study
- 2015
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In: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0970 .- 1352-4585. ; 21:9, s. 1151-1158
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and may be subtle. The corpus callosum is essential for connectivity-demanding cognitive tasks and is significantly affected in MS, therefore it may serve as a marker for cognitive function. Objective: The objective of this paper is to longitudinally study the normalized corpus callosum area (nCCA) as a marker of cognitive function and disability in MS. Methods: Thirty-seven MS patients were followed from 1996 with follow-ups in 2004 and 2013. A healthy matched control group was recruited. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were assessed. The nCCA was measured on T2-weighted images. Volumetry was performed with FreeSurfer. Results: Disease duration spanned five decades (1.6–46 years). Annual corpus callosal atrophy rate decreased with disease duration. nCCA was strongly correlated with SDMT ( r = 0.793, p < 0.001) and moderately correlated with EDSS ( r = −0.545, p < 0.001) after adjusting for disease duration, age and sex. The correlations of brain parenchymal fraction, white matter fraction, gray matter fraction and normalized lesion volume were less strong. Conclusions: The nCCA correlates well with physical and cognitive disability in time perspectives close to two decades, outperforming volumetric measurements. The nCCA is fast and could be feasible for clinical implementation where it may help identify patients in need of neuropsychological evaluation.
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| 19. |
- Hugoson, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Caries prevalence and distribution in 20-80-year-olds in Jönköping, Sweden, in 1973, 1983, and 1993
- 2000
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In: Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. - 0301-5661 .- 1600-0528. ; 28:2, s. 90-96
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 1973, a cross-sectional study on oral health status was performed on 1000 individuals in the age groups 3-70 years in Jönköping, Sweden. In 1983 and 1993, new cross-sectional studies were carried out in the age groups 3-80 years. The aim of the present study was to analyze caries prevalence and distribution in the three investigations 1973, 1983, and 1993 in the age groups 20-80 years. In the younger age groups (20-40 years), a larger proportion of individuals with good oral health was found in 1993 than in 1973 or 1983. A steady increase in the number of teeth in the age groups 40-80 years could be found, which was also reflected in the increasing number of decayed and filled tooth surfaces (DFS) in the same age groups. A marked decrease in proximal DFS in 20-50-year-olds in 1993 compared to 1973 and 1983 was found. However, a rather large and unchanging group of individuals suffering from severe caries was also observed. This situation demands an individualized caries treatment strategy based on risk assessment.
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| 20. |
- Hugoson, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jönköping, Sweden in 1973, 1983, and 1993 : II. Review of clinical and radiographic findings
- 1995
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In: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 19:6, s. 243-260
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this epidemiological study was to analyse various clinical and radiographic data on oral health and compare the results to those of two cross-sectional studies carried out in 1973 and 1983. In 1973, 1983, and 1993 a random sample of 1000, 1104, and 1078 individuals, respectively were studied. The individuals were evenly distributed in the age groups 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years. In 1983 and 1993 80-year-olds were also included. All subjects were inhabitants of the community of Jönköping, Sweden. The clinical and radiographic examination assessed edentulousness, removable dentures, implants, number of teeth, caries, restorations and overhangs, oral hygiene, calculus, periodontal status, endodontic treatment, and periapical status. The number of edentulous individuals was reduced by half from 1973 to 1993 and is now 8% in the age groups 40-70 years. The mean number of teeth has increased and up to the age of 50 years the individuals had more or less complete dentitions. During the 20-year period there was generally decreasing number of carious lesions and restorations. In the 15- and 20-year-olds, however, there was an increasing number of decayed/filled tooth surfaces in 1993 compared to 1983. Furthermore, after the age of 50 there was an increase in number of restored tooth surfaces. As regards secondary caries there was an increase for the 10- and 15-year-olds between 1983 and 1993. For all other age groups there were only minor differences. Generally restorations exhibited a high quality and 85-90% had no proximal overhangs. In 1973 this figure was about 60%. Concerning the frequency of tooth surfaces exhibiting plaque and gingival inflammation there was a considerable decrease from 1973 to 1983, but during the period from 1983 to 1993 there seems to be no improvement. In some age groups there was even a significant increase in plaque (15-year-olds) and gingivitis (3-, 5-, 15-, 20-, and 60-year-olds). The frequency of individuals with one or more periodontal pockets (> 4 mm) increased with age. In 1993 the bone level at the age of 40 years corresponded to the bone level at the age of 20 years in 1973. The percentage of endodontically treated teeth was lower in 1993 in all age groups than in 1973 and 1983. The percentage of endodontically treated teeth with periapical or juxtaradicular destructions was unchanged in all three studies. The comparison of the three studies from 1973, 1983, and 1993 shows that there has been a great improvement in oral health over this 20-year period. In 1993, however, the increasing number of decayed/filled tooth surfaces in the 15- and 20-year-olds and an increase in plaque and gingivitis in some younger age groups calls for special attention.
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| 21. |
- Hugoson, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in Jönköping, Sweden in 1973, 1983, and 1993 : I. Review of findings on dental care habits and knowledge of oral health
- 1995
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In: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 19:6, s. 225-241
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to compare data on dental care habits and knowledge of oral health in three cross-sectional studies carried out in 1973, 1983, and 1993. The 1973 study constituted a random sample of 1000 individuals evenly distributed in the age groups 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 years. The same age groups with addition of a group of 80-year-olds were included in the 1983 and 1993 studies which comprised 1104 and 1078 individuals, respectively. A questionnaire (23-101 questions) about dental care habits and knowledge of oral health was used in connection with a clinical and radiographic examination. The same questions were used in all the three studies. An addition to the 1993 investigation was questions concerning ethnographic background. In 1993 approximately 95% of all individuals were visiting the dentist on a regular basis every or every second year. The 30-year-olds, however, did not visit a dentist as regularly in 1993 as in 1983. The 70- and 80-year-olds visited a dentist more regularly in 1993 than in 1983. An increased number of adults in all age groups, except for the 70-year-olds, received their dental care in the Public Dental Service in 1993 compared to 1983 and 1973. Most 40-year-olds and older, however, received their dental care by private practitioners. About 80% of all adults in 1993 were enrolled in a recall system on the dentist's initiative while in 1973 most appointments were based on the patient's own initiative. The number of individuals who felt discomfort at the prospect of an appointment with the dentist was more or less the same in 1973, 1983, and 1993. The knowledge of the etiology of dental diseases has not changed much between 1973 and 1993. The frequency of toothbrushing has increased since 1973 and in 1993 more than 95% of all individuals brushed their teeth daily. The use of dental floss and toothpicks as well as disclosing tablets decreased in 1993 compared to 1983. Almost all individuals in 1993 used fluoride toothpaste. The use of topical fluorides and fluoride tablets in children had decreased considerably in 1993 compared to 1983.
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| 25. |
- Ouellette, R., et al.
(author)
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Validation of Rapid Magnetic Resonance Myelin Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis
- 2020
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In: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0364-5134 .- 1531-8249. ; 87:5, s. 710-724
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for multiple sclerosis diagnostics but is conventionally not specific to demyelination. Myelin imaging is often hampered by long scanning times, complex postprocessing, or lack of clinical approval. This study aimed to assess the specificity, robustness, and clinical value of Rapid Estimation of Myelin for Diagnostic Imaging, a new myelin imaging technique based on time-efficient simultaneous T1/T2 relaxometry and proton density mapping in multiple sclerosis. Methods: Rapid myelin imaging was applied using 3T MRI ex vivo in 3 multiple sclerosis brain samples and in vivo in a prospective cohort of 71 multiple sclerosis patients and 21 age/sex-matched healthy controls, with scan–rescan repeatability in a subcohort. Disability in patients was assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Results: Rapid myelin imaging correlated with myelin-related stains (proteolipid protein immunostaining and Luxol fast blue) and demonstrated good precision. Multiple sclerosis patients had, relative to controls, lower normalized whole-brain and normal-appearing white matter myelin fractions, which correlated with baseline cognitive and physical disability. Longitudinally, these myelin fractions correlated with follow-up physical disability, even with correction for baseline disability. Interpretation: Rapid Estimation of Myelin for Diagnostic Imaging provides robust myelin quantification that detects diffuse demyelination in normal-appearing tissue in multiple sclerosis, which is associated with both cognitive and clinical disability. Because the technique is fast, with automatic postprocessing and US Food and Drug Administration/CE clinical approval, it can be a clinically feasible biomarker that may be suitable to monitor myelin dynamics and evaluate treatments aiming at remyelination.
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