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- Bengtsson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Hyresboendets roller - lokal organisering och boinflytande i förändring
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Changing Roles in Rental Housing – Local Organisation and Tenant Participation in Transition Since the 1970’s a wide-ranging system of tenant participation and local organisation has developed in Sweden, based on local tenant associations(LTAs). These are the smallest organizational units within the Swedish tenant movement, which is uniquely strong, with high membership rates, institutionalised market power and considerable political influence. LTAs have been granted some influence on the management of their estates through centralised agreements between landlords and regional tenant unions.Lately these forms of tenant participation and local organisation have been challenged through centralisation within the tenant movement and an increasing general interest in alternative, less formal modes of local organisation and co-operation between landlords and tenants.Some observers foresee that the traditional forms based on LTAs and collective agreements will be successively replaced by a multitude of more informal solutions. This study investigates the validity of such claims by scrutinizing the development that has taken place in local organisation and tenant participation during the last decade or so. This is done by testing how LTAs have adjusted to the new conditions, and mapping and examining the alternative forms that have developed.The theoretical point of departure is that LTAs, as well as other local voluntary organisations of tenants, have four different roles to fulfil: (1) to function as a democratic unit for members and esidents (‘democratic community’); (2) to act as the base organisation within the tenant movement (’grass-roots organisation); (3) to represent all residents in the estate towards the landlord (’voice’); (4) to organise and support social interaction in the estate (’social organiser’).The study is based on several empirical materials, including (a) two questionnaires (1997 and 2005) directed to 350–400 chairpersons of LTAs (the sample included a panel of LTAs that received the questionnaire on both occasions); (b) a questionnaire directed to 100 tenants who are active in alternative forms of local organisation; (c) a questionnaire to 1,000 ordinary tenants in five municipalities; (d) process-oriented case studies of 32 LTAs between 1990 and 2006; and (e) case studies of four estates with alternative forms of local organisation.Between 1997 and 2005 the number of LTAs went down from 3,500 to 2,500. Those still existing take on the same roles as before and at almost the same level of activity. In the role as democratic community, tenants’ attendance at LTA general meetings is still relatively low, and the competition for seats on the board is almost non-existent. There is a slight female majority among LTA board members, whereas immigrants are poorly represented.In the role as grass-roots organisation, despite diminishing formal LTA influence within the tenant movement, LTAs and higher levels still co-operate regularly and in mutual respect. In the role as voice towards the landlord, most LTAs still have agreements on tenant participation, although the level of influence has gone down somewhat, in particular on economic issues. Finally, in the role as social organiser, LTAs still take great responsibility for leisure activities in their estates. All three roles as grass-roots organisation, voice and social organiser are considered to be important by LTAs. The role as the voice of the tenants in relation to the landlord is seen as the most important of the three, and the individual tenants responding to the questionnaire share this opinion. Most boards feel equally responsible to non-member residents as to members of the tenant union.Our case studies give some indications about the LTAs that have disappeared in the last decade. The 15 LTAs that were terminated since 1990 had lower levels of activity in all the four roles than the 17 still in existence. The case studies also indicate that the difference between development and decline can be explained in terms of institutionalisation: that associations grow successively less dependent on individual activists. In five extensive case studies we have identified how processes of institutionalisation and deinstitutionalisation arise and develop. These studies also illustrate that institutionalisation, cannot be taken for granted but is vulnerable to shifts in population and in relations to the landlord, including the sale of the estate.The alternative organisational units are far too few to replace the 1,000 LTA units that have disappeared. They sometimes engage individuals who have not been previously active, by means of openness to all tenants and informal modes of working. Still their activities have important similarities with those of LTAs, though many alternative units emphasize the role as social organiser more and, not surprisingly, the role as grass-roots organisation less than LTAs. Furthermore, without formal agreements, many of the alternative units have a weaker position to act as voice than LTAs. It is too early to say something definitive about the prospects of institutionalisation of the alternative forms. In most estates they still seem to be dependent on a few active tenants who put in a lot of effort in the activities.
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- Bengtsson, Bo, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Lokal kontroll och kollektivt handlande : En utvärdering av självförvaltning i Bostads AB Poseidon i Göteborg
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Local Control and Collective Action. An Evaluation of Self-Management in the Municipal Housing Company Poseidon in Gothenburg. This report presents an evaluation over three years of a programme on ’local democracy and self-management’ in the municipal housing company Poseidon in Gothenburg. The point of departure is the assumption that a programme of this type has to offer both local control and individual motives for collective action if it is to be sustainable. Tenants must be able to influence housing conditions together, as well as to have some individual motivation to take part in the activities. The evaluation is based mainly on three data sources: (1) a questionnaire distributed to a random sample of 1400 tenants; (2) a number of questionnaires distributed to all tenants who are active in the self-management, all chair-persons in local tenants associations (LTAs) in Poseidon’s housing stock, and all Poseidon’s ’area hosts’, who are responsible for the local management of the estates; (3) intensive studies of the processes of self-management in seven local housing estates. Use has also been made of official and company statistics, earlier surveys, programmes, agreements, minutes and other documents, as well as interviews with key informants, observations from meetings and inspections in the estates. The report includes a comprehensive evaluation in terms of tenants’ local control and collective action and a number of special studies on particular themes and perspectives.By Autumn 2002 self-management had been established in all Poseidon’s districts and in a considerable share of the housing stock. The number of active tenants was estimated at 800–1000. They are organised in about 80, mainly informal and rather loosely defined groups. The ambitious programme aiming at considerable local decision-making proved to be unrealistic, and activities today are based on informal collaboration between local staff and active tenants, in a few cases formalised in ’estate associations’. Initially both the area hosts and the representatives of the local tenants movement were rather sceptical of the self-management, but both groups have gradually acquired a more positive attitude.At the time of the tenant questionnaire (January 2001) no more than one fourth of all tenants knew about the project, but since the knowledge was clearly better in those districts where activities were most developed, the share today is probably considerably higher, perhaps nearly 40 per cent. Ordinary tenants consider that most physical aspects of the outdoor environment has been improved, in particular the care of plants and lawns. In contrast they see only minor positive effects on social relations. Active tenants, LTA chair-persons and area hosts all judge that the self-management has had clear positive effects on the outdoor environment and on tenants’ influence, as well as on the social ties and general well-being among residents. Tenants, and not only active tenants, feel an improved sense of control over their housing conditions.A majority of the active tenants are women. While women have been engaged in all types of activities, men have primarily taken on physically demanding tasks. Tenants with foreign background are somewhat fewer among the active than their share of the population, but still they are better represented than usual in local housing activities. This may be due to the informal organisation and the orientation towards practical work. The self-management also seems to have stimulated a higher growth in commitment and sense of responsibility among tenants with foreign background than among those with Swedish background.The active tenants are on average 55 years old; the active women on average nine years younger than the active men. The share of age pensioners is high, and a large number of the somewhat younger activists are also without gainful employment. The active tenants take part in organisational and political life somewhat more than the population in general. Their prime mover is a ’norm of local utility’, i.e. a norm that prescribes that they take part if it would mean a positive contribution to the common good of their neighbourhood. Economic incentives are less prominent, and the participation of one’s neighbours is rarely seen as a prerequisite of taking part oneself. The tenants’ most important resources are time in and knowledge of the estate, and the work carried out comprises an important contribution to the management of Poseidon’s housing stock.The intensive studies – in most cases in housing estates with a relatively high level of activity – confirm this picture. They also make clear that the self-management activities are dominated by informally organised practical work outdoors. The case studies also show that the mode of interplay between active tenants and local staff is formed to a large extent by local conditions and traditions. The decentralised organisation of Poseidon’s housing management has been of particular importance to the actual influence of the tenants. The decentralisation of decision-making has made it meaningful to keep up a continuous and goal-oriented dialogue about the different issues that have been raised locally.The self-management has improved the outdoor environment and strengthened the ties between the active tenants as well as their identification with the estate. However, the effect on ecological issues has been limited, and so have the direct economic effects on housing management. Conflicts have been few and the informal conflict management has been on the whole successful. The absence of formally democratic elections, decision-making and accountability has sometimes been a problem when controversial issues have come up on the local agenda. Still many active tenants in the case-study estates are sceptical of introducing more formal procedures. By now the self-management has reached a certain degree of institutionalisation within the company. In contrast the prospects of institutionalisation among tenants still seem uncertain. The absence of democratic forms of decision-making could make it difficult to deal with issues about rents, periodic maintenance and repair, local rules of conduct, etc. A crucial condition for Poseidon’s self-management to be sustainable is that the positive attitudes of the company and the local staff will continue, another that a workable division of responsibility between the tenants association and the self-management can be developed. The most plausible scenario is a development towards a higher degree of differentiation. This would mean some estates without local collective action, other estates remaining on the current level of informal work on the outdoor environment, and still other moving towards formal local democracy and influence.
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- Berg, Lennart, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
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The Q Theory and the Swedish Housing Market : An Empirical Test
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of real estate finance and economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0895-5638 .- 1573-045X. ; 33:4, s. 329-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We argue that major changes in economic policy have resulted in a more market driven demand for housing investment in Sweden, due to policy changes at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s. Tobin's transparent Q theory is the investment theory used. For the last period of the sample (1993-2003 quarterly data), our results indicate that there exists a high degree of correlation between the Q ratio and the (logarithm of) two different variables for housing investment. An error correction regression model, controlling for structural breaks, also indicates that a stable long-run relationship could be detected for the logarithm of building starts and the Q ratio between 1993-2003, but not between 1981-1992.
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- Berg, Lennart, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
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The Q Theory and the Swedish Housing Market - An Empirical Test
- 2005
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- We argue that major changes in economic policy have resulted in a more market driven demand for housing investment in Sweden as a result of changes in policy during the end of the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s. The used investment theory is Tobin’s transparent Q theory. Our results indicate, for the last period of the sample (1993-2003 quarterly data) that a high degree of correlation between the Q ratio and the (logarithm of) two different variables for housing investment exist. An error correction regression model, controlling for structural breaks, indicates also a stable long run relationship could be detected for the logarithm of building starts and the Q ratio between 1993-2003 but not between 1981-1992.
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- Berger, Tommy
(författare)
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Ungdomar i eget boende?
- 1997
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Ingår i: Att få bli vuxen - om ungdomars etablering på olika marknader.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
- Berger, Tommy
(författare)
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Ungdomar i eget boende? (Young people living by themselves?)
- 1997
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Ingår i: Att få bli vuxen - om ungdomars etablering på olika marknader (To grow up - young peoples' possibilities for getting established in different markets) (Rapport från en ungdomsforskningskonferens den 29 november 1996). - : Stockholm: Barn- och ungdomsdelegationen.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Etekal, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Time-to-event surrogate end-points in multiple myeloma randomised trials from 2005 to 2019 : a surrogacy analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 200:5, s. 587-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Use of surrogate end-points such as progression-free survival (PFS) and other time-to-event (TTE) end-points is common in multiple myeloma (MM) clinical trials. This systematic review characterises all published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in MM using PFS or other TTE end-points between 2005 and 2019 and assesses strength of surrogacy of PFS for overall survival (OS). The association between OS hazard ratios (HRs) and PFS HRs was evaluated with linear regression, and the coefficient of determination with Pearson's correlation. We identified 88 RCTs of which 67 (76%) used PFS as the primary/co-primary end-point. One trial indicated whether progression was biochemical or clinical. Of the variance in OS, 39% was due to variance in PFS. Correlation between PFS and OS was weak (0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.78). In newly diagnosed MM, 43% of the variance in OS was due to changes in PFS. The correlation between PFS and OS was weak (0.65, 95% CI 0.30–0.84). In relapsed/refractory MM, 58% of the variance in OS was due to changes in PFS. Correlation between PFS and OS was medium (0.76, 95% CI 0.42–0.91). We demonstrate that PFS and progression characteristics are characterised poorly in MM trials and that PFS is a poor surrogate for OS in MM.
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- Pehrson Berger, Ingela, et al.
(författare)
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TEMA: Gränsöverskridande i och kring litteraturen
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta första nummer av Institutionen för Humanioras nya skriftserie innehåller följande bidrag:Ingela Pehrson Berger: "Ge mig din mänsklighet". Om gränserna och 'mellanrummet' som tema i Kerstin Ekmans romaner Guds barmhärtighet och Sista rompanBirgitta Bergsten: Överskrida gränser - är det tillåtet? Två litterära svenska exempelHans Färnlöf: Inre och yttre sfärer - gränsöverskridandets problematik i Tecknet av MaupassantSture Packalén: Zum Eigenen und Fremden bei Erich Fried und Peter WeissPetra Thore: Den tyskspråkiga migrantlitteraturen - begreppsdiskussion och reception under tre decennierMonica Loeb: Chappaquiddick Engendered: Joyce Carol Oates Lends a Voice to The Dead in Black WaterKarin Molander Danielsson: Detektivserien, en genre under utvecklingTommy Öberg: Paul Auster and Intertextuality - The Influence of Film Noir in GhostsAnette Månsson: Kung Oidipus av Egypten: dramatiskt möte mellan västerländska och österländska litterära traditioner i Tawfiq al Hakims Al-Malik Oudib
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- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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