| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Att definiera Nollenergibyggnader – En internationell angelägenhet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bygg och teknik. - 0281-658X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Fler och fler byggnader utformas och uppförs där målsättningen är att uppnå någon form av balans mellan byggnadens energibehov och energi som byggnaden själv tillför. I dagsläget finns ingen tydlig definition av hur denna balans skall beräknas, varken nationellt eller internationellt. Denna artikel presenterar viktiga frågor som bör besvaras i samband med ett sådant definitionsarbete. Artikeln baseras i huvudsak på arbete inom IEA SHC Task 40/ECBCS Annex 52; Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings
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| 3. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation and optimization of a Swedish Net ZEB - Using load matching and grid interaction indicators
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the First Building Simulation and Optimization Conference, Loughborough, UK, September 10-11, 2012.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Net Zero Energy Buildings, Net ZEBs, is one of many necessary measures for climate change mitigation as they may reduce the energy consumption in the building sector. The Net ZEB interacts with a grid infrastructure. It is therefore important to consider the interaction with the grid in the design phase. This paper reports an evaluation of a proposed design of a Net ZEB in the south of Sweden evaluating load matching and grid interaction using simulated data sets with hourly resolution. The aim was to find a design with as high load matching and as low grid interaction as possible. The results show difficulties of achieving a high load matching between the building load and on-site generation, due to the Nordic climate and the relatively low loads during daytime, when the availability of solar energy is high. The building is likely to accomplish the goal of a Net ZEB balance. If higher flexibility is sought, a larger energy storage should be considered.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ahlenius, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring Motivational Factors Among High Performing Real Estate Brokers: The Swedish Case
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1521-4842 .- 1930-8914. ; 23:1, s. 20-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this exploratory case study is to analyze the role of relational motivation for high-performing real estate brokers in Sweden. The concept of relational motivation, or relatedness, is explored through both affective and calculative commitment. The data in this study come from in-depth interviews with real estate brokers. The results show that the brokers are committed to their clients, in an affective and a calculative way. All of the participants expressed signs of being emotionally involved in their customer relations, often in terms of genuine interest in, and caring for, their clients. The existence of relatedness toward customers in a brokerage context contributes to the discussion on what motivates high-performing real estate brokers. By viewing relatedness as a trigger to engage in more customer relationships, the intrinsic motivation can be seen as a strong antecedent to individual performance.
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| 7. |
- Ahlenius, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of gained trust on person-job fit and occupational turnover– The case of residential real estate brokers –
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study explores if received trust is intrinsically motivating and if it is associated with subjective person-job fit and occupational turnover intentions in the Swedish brokerage setting. Results from 397 real estate brokers showed that brokers are driven by the gained trust from their sellers and that gained trust is a vital part of person-job fit within brokerage. Furthermore, increased levels of person-job fit strongly reduce occupational turnover intentions within brokerage. This study offers further insights into intrinsic motivation in professional service settings and indicates that certain types of customer interactions help to fulfill the basic psychological needs of competence and relatedness.
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| 8. |
- Ahlenius, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of gained trust on person-job fit and occupational turnover. The case of residential real estate brokers
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study explores if received trust is intrinsically motivating and if it is associated with subjective person-job fit and occupational turnover intentions in the Swedish brokerage setting. Results from 397 real estate brokers showed that brokers are driven by the gained trust from their sellers and that gained trust is a vital part of person-job fit within brokerage. Furthermore, increased levels of person-job fit strongly reduce occupational turnover intentions within brokerage. This study offers further insights into intrinsic motivation in professional service settings and indicates that certain types of customer interactions help to fulfill the basic psychological needs of competence and relatedness.
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| 9. |
- Ahlenius, Martin
(författare)
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The impact of motivation and person-job fit on employee turnover among Swedish real estate brokers: A mixed method approach
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Residential real estate is a vital part of the economy, and homes are important for individuals for both financial and emotional reasons. Residential homes change owners for numerous reasons, and there is a need for these transactions to be secure and efficient from both the economic and individual perspective. The general idea of residential real estate brokerage is to facilitate these transactions securely and efficiently. Real estate brokerage has therefore captured both media as well as scholarly interest. Some scholars even argue that brokerage is a relevant research and literature field of its own. Like other occupations within sales, the brokerage industry suffers from problems connected to recruiting and retaining employees, as put forth by several spokespersons within the industry and scholars alike. Prior studies argue that there is a need for further studies that describe the occupational life cycle of brokers and employee turnover antecedents, such as intrinsic motivation. Hence, the overarching purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze occupational turnover and its antecedents among Swedish real estate brokers. This thesis sprung out of a firsthand occupational experience of Swedish brokerage, curiosity, and an abductive stance toward knowledge creation. It is primarily explorative, and the embedded articles consist of different types of methodologic approaches and therefore also different ways of gathering data such as interviews, surveys, and registered data. All data solely involves Swedish real estate brokers. Results of the four articles show that the occupational life cycle of brokers is significantly longer than expected and that Swedish brokers display high levels of work-related intrinsic motivation, occasionally rooted in affective commitment towards customers and gained trust from sellers. Furthermore, being driven by gained trust and customer relations has a positive effect on person-job fit which in turn reduces turnover intentions. A majority of the results within the four articles are not in line with prior studies, which is interesting and prompts speculation. The service landscape of brokerage, and particularly Swedish brokerage due to the broker’s intermediary role and personal responsibility for the entire transaction, arguably drives intrinsic motivation and reduces turnover. This is enhanced by the high educational threshold for becoming a broker in Sweden. This thesis contributes to the literature field of brokerage by providing insights about what motivates brokers and the theoretical field of person-job fit by suggesting ways of improving the operationalization and the validity of person-job fit.
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| 10. |
- Ahlenius, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The occupational life cycle of real estate brokers: a cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of European Real Estate Research. - : Emerald. - 1753-9269 .- 1753-9277. ; 15:3, s. 351-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the occupational life cycle of Swedish real estate brokers. Design/methodology/approach Voluntary turnover among real estate brokers could lead to occupational turnover and/or employee turnover and has been described as problematic by both practitioners and researchers alike. Most previous studies focusing on this issue have explored connections between real estate brokers' personality, economic and market conditions and turnover. Employee turnover involves shifting jobs within the profession (real estate brokerage), whereas occupational turnover concerns movement to a job not related to the real estate brokerage profession. Both perspectives on turnover are however lacking data about the average time spent as a broker. This study fills this gap by exploring real estate brokers' life cycle through data analysis using a cohort study consisting of a sample of 5,304 real estate brokers registered and/or deregistered over a ten-year period from 2010 to 2019. Findings The analysis show that the decline is almost linear, resulting in 50% of the newly registered real estate brokers remain in the occupation eight years after registration. These findings are not in line with previous assumptions as the real estate brokers' life cycle is substantially longer. The results also reveal that there are differences in life cycles due to gender and year of registration. Originality/value The analysis of longitudinal, aggregated data on the life cycle of real estate brokers is highly relevant as it serves as a point of reference for future longitudinal studies analyzing the motives for leaving the occupation.
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| 11. |
- Ahlenius, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The role of gained trust: effects on intrinsic motivation, person-job fit and turnover intentions among real estate brokers
- 2024
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Ingår i: Property Management. - : Emerald. - 0263-7472 .- 1758-731X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze if gained trust is intrinsically motivating and whether it is correlated to subjective person-job fit and occupational turnover intentions among Swedish real estate brokers. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical data was gathered via a survey targeting all real estate brokers in Sweden and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings: The results indicated that brokers are motivated by gained trust from their sellers and that gained trust is a vital part of person-job fit among brokers. In addition, the results show that higher levels of person-job fit reduce the occupational turnover intentions among brokers. Research limitations/implications: Being a real estate broker in Sweden might differ from being a broker in many other otherwise comparable countries. Another limitation is the lack of measurements of job satisfaction and/or intrinsic motivation connected to other job characteristics besides customer relations and gained trust. The high mean values of person-job fit, and intrinsic motivation connected to gained trust from customers are contributing to a more nuanced description of brokerage. Practical implications: This study gives insights about intrinsic motivation and its connection to person-job fit. Awareness of what drives brokes can be used by both workers and managers to reduce occupational turnover. Originality/value: This study is interesting from a person-job fit theory advancement perspective since the focus is given to the connection between specific situational work characteristics and person-job fit.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Ahmadi, Zahra, 1966-
(författare)
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The role of market orientation in public housing companies: : A study of MO’s effect on construction strategies
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of public housing companies in Sweden is strongly influenced by legal, economic, and demographic changes. The companies long tradition of taking responsibility for customer welfare in living have recently been criticized for excessive dominance over price setting, which is claimed to give them competitive advantages in the housing market. New legislation in 2011 requires financial return on investment, implying increased competition with radical changes for the companies. Because of the law, they find themselves transitioning from the role of being responsible for living conditions in Sweden to having to work in a businesslike manner with increased competition.The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze how the public housing companies’ deal with market orientation constructs and what their impact is on construction strategy choices. Theoretically, the market orientation concept is seen as a tool for companies to create superior value for the customers and influence strategic performance, which is a relationship tested and analyzed in this dissertation.The research was conducted through data collection stages using qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first stage, a qualitative pilot study was conducted with interviews of 15 managers in 11 public housing companies in central Sweden. In the second stage, two quantitative comparative studies of public and private housing companies in declining markets in central Sweden were conducted, collecting data from 23 (22 survey respondents) public and 37 private housing companies (16 respondents). In the third and final stage, two quantitative studies were conducted, collecting data from all 289 public housing companies (165 respondents) in Sweden.Results of the five studies show, firstly, that economic condition in the municipality have a major impact on the housing companies’ construction strategies, causing them to act innovatively in order to create superior customer value. Secondly, market orientation efforts contribute to competitive advantages in growing markets, while weak economic conditions limit the companies’ construction strategy choices in declining markets. After analyzing the link between market orientation constructs and construction strategy in declining markets, results showed that the public housing companies demonstrate higher responsiveness to customer demands compared to the private sector, but these have no effects on construction strategy. Thirdly, the analysis of moderating (external) and mediating (corporate social responsibility) effects on the market orientation and construction strategy relationship confirms that economic conditions in society influence construction strategy planning and decisions. The results of the mediating effects of CSR indicate that environmental and social issues have a positive influence on the market orientation and construction strategy relationship.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Peter, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Varaktig vård
- 2020
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Ingår i: Partnerships for sustainable health care systems. - Linköping : Region Östergötland. - 9789151953120 - 9789151953137 ; , s. 25-29
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Azasu, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating research into teaching using constructive alignment
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the paper is to review and evaluate efforts to integrate research into teaching in a postgraduate degree program in real estate management at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. The majority of the students in the program come from European countries, but a significant minority is from Asia. The long term goals of the changes were to increase graduation rates as well as the quality of dissertations. In order to validate our findings, the data for this paper emanate from a number of different sources, such as students’ course evaluations, students’ grades as well as interviews with students. The results show that the first cohort of students found it stressful when individual research writing was introduced towards the end of their studies, since they had very little practice and experience in research writing. With a more gradual and earlier introduction in teams, coupled with changes in assessment tasks, the second cohort found individual research writing less stressful and more beneficial. Performance in the second cohort has improved significantly. By creating a more aligned course design, students have spent more time on task, which is the most significant factor in creating a better learning environment.
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| 18. |
- Azasu, S., et al.
(författare)
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Using constructive alignment to improve student research and writing skills : A case study of a master's program in real estate management
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Learning and Change. - 1740-2875 .- 1740-2883. ; 8:1, s. 83-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the paper is to describe and analyse efforts to integrate research into teaching in a postgraduate degree program in real estate management. The long term goals of the changes were to increase graduation rates as well as the quality of dissertations. In order to validate our findings, the data for this paper emanate from a three main sources, namely; students' course evaluations, students' grades and a qualitative assessment of the students' thesis proposals made by senior lecturers. The results show that the first cohort of students found it stressful when individual research writing was introduced towards the end of their studies. With a more gradual and earlier introduction of writing in a series of courses in the program, coupled with changes in assessment tasks, the second cohort found individual research writing less stressful and more beneficial. Performance in the second cohort improved in appreciable ways.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Berggren, Anna M., et al.
(författare)
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Short‐chain fatty acid content and pH in caecum of rats fed various sources of starch
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - : Wiley. - 0022-5142 .- 1097-0010. ; 68:2, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Caecal pH and contents of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) were registered in rats fed three potential sources of resistant starch (RS); raw pea starch, raw potato starch, and an RS‐enriched preparation obtained from wheat starch by autoclaving and enzymatic incubation. Small intestinal digestibility and delivery of RS to the hind‐gut in the case of raw starches were determined by analysis of faecal starch in animals treated with antibiotics to prevent hind‐gut fermentation. RS content in the RS‐enriched preparation was determined as total starch remaining in an enzymatic gravimetric dietary fibre residue. The fermentability of RS was estimated from the faecal recovery of starch in normal animals with intact hind‐gut microflora. Approximately 35 g per 100 g and 32 g per 100 g were RS in the case of raw potato starch and the RS‐enriched preparation, respectively, versus only 1 g per 100 g in the case of raw pea starch. The caecal pH decreased with all test diets, being most significant with raw potato starch. SCFA production and faecal bulking were negligible with raw pea starch, whereas both raw potato starch and the RS‐enriched preparation significantly increased these parameters. The fermentability of RS in raw potato starch and the RS‐enriched preparation was similar, or about 60–70%. If calculated on basis of fermented amount, RS in raw potato starch was more potent in generating SCFA (49 μmol g−1) than in the RS‐enriched preparation (19 μmol g−1). RS in raw potato starch also displayed the highest faecal bulking capacity. In fact, the faecal dry weight increased more than expected merely from delivery of RS. The relative proportion in caecal contents of acetic‐, propionic‐ and butyric acid was 70, 17 and 8%, respectively, with no significant differences between the three sources of RS.
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| 21. |
- Berggren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Short-chain fatty acid content and pH in caecum of rats given various sources of carbohydrates
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - : Wiley. - 0022-5142 .- 1097-0010. ; 63:4, s. 397-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The caecal content of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA; acetic, propionic and butyric acid), caecal pH, fermentability and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were examined through balance experiments in rats fed 11 various indigestible carbohydrates. The following carbohydrate sources were incorporated into test diets: cellulose, oat husk, wheat bran, oat bran, pea fibre, linseed fibre, low methoxylated (LM)‐pectin, guargum, β‐glucans, neosugar and raffinose. The indigestible carbohydrates, except for those in wheat bran, oat husk and cellulose, were highly fermented, ie > 90%. Caecal pH varied between 5·6 and 7·8, with neosugar and raffinose causing the lowest pH and the fibre‐free diet and the diet with oat husk the highest. The caecal pool sizes of SCFA were highest with raffinose, β‐glucans, LM‐pectin, guargum and linseed fibre (335‐400 μmol) while pea fibre, wheat bran, oat bran and neosugar gave intermediate levels (137–227 μmol). The pool size with oat husk and cellulose was similar as with the basal diet (45–64 μmol). A high proportion of propionic acid was obtained with guargum and linseed fibre, whereas acetic acid was the predominant product in case of LM‐pectin. On the other hand, linseed fibre gave a remarkably low proportion of butyric acid. The quantity fermented and caecal pH correlated well to the amount of SCFA with most materials (r = 0·96 and r = −0·87, respectively), an exception was neosugar and in case of fermentability also oat bran. DMD values with most of the easily fermented carbohydrates were high (>96%). Exceptions were diets with β‐glucans and oat bran which caused low DMD values, about 93%. It is concluded that indigestible carbohydrates may differ in ability to lower caecal pH and to form SCFA during fermentation.
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| 22. |
- Berggren, Anders W., et al.
(författare)
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Makt, pedagogik, ledarskap och organisation : En studie av ett mekaniserat skyttekompani
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport sammanfattar en studie som genomförts vid P4 i Skövde, där forskargruppen följt 414. Skkomp från augusti 2010 till juni 2011.Utbildningen av 414. skyttekompaniet aktualiserar frågor rörande rollspelet mellan soldater och officerare, utbildningens utformning, samt frågor om yrkeskunnande och yrkesidentitet.Mer konkret identifierar studien följande områden för Försvarsmakten att fokusera:begreppen ”soldat” och ”officer” i det nya personalförsörjningssystemet, och vad det innebär att vara professionell i Försvarsmakten.soldaten och kompetensutveckling av dessa.grpC tänkta roll och kompetensutveckling av dessa.hur man på förbanden kan involvera GrpC i ”chain of command”?hur kan Försvarsmakten i handling visa att soldaterna är viktiga”.kring erfarenhetsresonemanget/trappan i syfte att stärka officerarna samt att utveckla professionen totalt sett.hur utbildning skall genomföras när PRIO-org är intagen? Vidare pekar studien ut frågor kring hur man lokalt hanterar att alla anställda soldater inte kan ingå i en insats (givet att t ex FS-organisationen skiljer sig numerärt från förbandets grundorganisation), samt hur ett förband vidmakthåller förmågor över tiden.I rapporten beskrivs även ett fenomen som handlar om ett informationsglapp mellan kompaniets ordinarie ledningsstruktur (kompanichef och plutonchefer) och de som genomför olika utbildningsmoment, d v s när den som genomför en trupputbildning inte har ett direkt chefsansvar.
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| 23. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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A Net ZEB case study – Experiences from freezing in ventilation heat exchanger and measured energy performance
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cold Climate HVAC 2018. CCC 2018. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030006617 - 9783030006624 ; , s. 613-622
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Net Zero Energy Buildings constitute one measure to reduce energy use and increase use of energy from renewable sources. Hence, it is important share knowledge and experiences from completed projects. This case study show that it is possible to build Net Zero Energy Buildings with existing techniques. However, a common strategy to prevent or limit the build-up of ice and frost in ventilation heat exchangers, Supply fan shut off, were not suitable this project, since it is air tight buildings. After occurring problems in the first winter, ventilation pre-heater were installed to prevent the build-up of ice and frost. Thanks to placement of temperature sensor after the pre-heater, the increased energy use for pre-heater may be expected to be low, roughly 1 kWh/m2a.
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| 24. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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A parametric study of the energy and moisture performance in Passive House exterior walls
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adding insulation to improve the energy performance of a building with a traditional Swedish wooden construction may increase the risk of mould growth in the wooden construction. There is a need to address this potential problem since the amount of passive houses and low energy buildings are increasing as a means to reduce energy use, energy dependency and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper evaluates energy performance and moisture performance simultaneously in order to create a more holistic approach. Space heating demand, peak load for space heating and risk for mould growth are evaluated. The analysis of these three different aspects shows that there is no contradiction between moisture safety design and energy efficient design. It may however not be suitable to increase the amounts of insulation in traditional wooden constructions without considering risk of mould growth.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Berggren, Björn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Affärer mellan kunder och bank- och finansföretag
- 2006. - 1
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Ingår i: Utveckling av kundrelationer i bank- och finansmarknader. - : Studentlitteratur. ; , s. 13-16
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Calculation of thermal bridges in (Nordic) building envelopes - Risk of performance failure due to inconsistent use of methodology
- 2013
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6178 .- 0378-7788. ; 65, s. 331-339
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduction of energy use in buildings is an important measure to achieve climate change mitigation. It is essential to minimize heat losses when designing and building energy efficient buildings. For an energy-efficient building in a cold climate, a large part of the space heating demand is caused by transmission losses through the building envelope. Therefore, calculations of these must be carried out in a correct way to ensure a properly sized heating system and a good indoor climate. There is today a risk of misunderstanding and inconsistent use of methodology when transmission heat transfer is calculated. To investigate the state of knowledge among Swedish consultants a survey was conducted regarding thermal bridges and calculations of transmission heat transfer. Furthermore, the impact of thermal bridges was studied by comparative calculations for a case study building with different building systems and different amounts of insulation. The study shows that the relevant standards and the building code in Sweden are interpreted in many different ways regarding calculation of transmission heat transfer and energy performance. There is a lack of understanding regarding the impact of different measuring methods on thermal bridges. When more insulation is used the relative impact of thermal bridges increases. It is therefore not suitable to use a single predefined percentage factor, increasing the transmission heat transfer through building elements, to account for the effect of thermal bridges. If values for normalized thermal bridges are to be used, they need to be differentiated by building system and different amounts of insulation (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Berggren, Björn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Control aversion and the search for external financing in Swedish SMEs
- 2000
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 15:3, s. 233-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The discussion on growth (see Storey, 1997) and control aversion (Cressy, 1995; Chittenden et al., 1996; Cressy and Olofsson, 1996) in small and medium sized firms has been attracting an increasing amount of attention. Our purpose in this article is to identify under what circumstances small and medium sized firms are prepared to accept outside control in the business firm in order to grow. In the article it is argued that technology development, financial strength, size and perceived need to grow, change firms attitudes towards external financiers. The change in attitude towards more openness eventually leads to an actual behaviour where the principals choose to apply for external finance in the form of bank loans. A linear structural equation modelling program, LISREL, is used to analyse a sample of 281 Swedish firms. The firms all have less than 200 employees, and the sample includes both manufacturing and service firms.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Do too many cooks spoil the broth? : The effect of syndication on the performance of venture capitalists' portfolio firms in Sweden
- 2006
-
Ingår i: AGSE 2006. - : Swinburne University of Technology. ; , s. 778-779
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature surrounding venture capital firms' relations to their portfolio firms is vast, but tend to focus primarily on the relationship between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs from the venture capitalists' perspective. Many studies focus on how the venture capitalists need to control their investment. It is often implied that venture capitalists are beneficial to the firms in which they invest. In several studies it has been suggested that venture capitalist add value to their portfolio firms by providing capital as well as competence in form of advice and improved routines to the portfolio firm. Many researchers seem to assume that venture capital firms' advices to portfolio firms are always relevant and useful. Governments and government agencies also tend to unconditionally support the venture capital industry as being crucial providers of venture creation. As Sweden has targeted science-related ventures as being of prime importance to the growth of the Swedish economy, venture capital provision has been placed in the forefront of likely contributors to venture growth in that particular field. Not all entrepreneurs seem equally impressed by contributions made by venture capitalists. Case research provides evidence of venture capitalists having a short term focus, lack of patience with investments and above all, being unable to provide adequate support in terms of contributions aimed at enhancing ventures abilities to market their products. According to these studies there seems to be indications that venture capital may not be as beneficial to venture growth as has been previously reported.
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| 37. |
- Berggren, Björn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Does the increase in house prices influence the creation of business startups? : The case of Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Region. - : European Regional Science Association. - 2409-5370. ; 4:1, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entrepreneurs are at the core of economic development in that they start new businesses or make existing firms grow. To fulfill this important role, entrepreneurs need access to financing. Owing to information asymmetry and the relatively high risk associated with business startups, many financiers shy away from engaging in relationships with firms during the early stages of their development. Based on the existing body of knowledge on the financing of entrepreneurship, we know that insider finance is of paramount importance in the early stages of firms’ development. We expand this knowledge base by analyzing the influence of house prices on business startups across municipalities in Sweden. In our analysis, we include data from all municipalities in Sweden. Our data on house prices and control variables are collected in period one, and our data on the frequency of startups are collected in period two. We find that rising house prices in a municipality lead to a higher frequency of startups. In our spatial Durbin model, we find that a 1% increase in house prices leads to around 0.15% increase in startups. Our findings are in line with the limited international research that has been previously conducted, and therefore, our study might make a small but vital addition to this growing body of knowledge within the area of entrepreneurship and regional development.
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| 38. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of syndication on the performance of venture capitalists portfolio firms: The Swedish case
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of International Finance and Economics. - 1555-6336 .- 2378-864X. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of 154 investments made by Swedish and international venture capital firms in Sweden. The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether the syndicated investments outperformed the non-syndicated investments in terms of growth and survival. The results show that the syndicated investments targeted different industries, primarily biotechnology and information and communications technology (ICT). The non-syndicated investments were to a larger extent made in mature firms in low-tech industries, such as traditional manufacturing and retail. Furthermore, the survival rate among the syndicated investments was significantly lower than the non-syndicated investments. This difference in survival rate is partly dependent upon the greater risk associated with investments in younger firms in rapidly growing industries. The managerial implication is that syndication is the means by which venture capital invests during the early stages of knowledge-based firms, thus making syndication between venture capitalists of primary concern for policy-making purposes.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Berggren, Björn
(författare)
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Evaluating building envelopes for energy efficient buildings : Energy- and moisture performance considering future climate change
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Buildings account for a signifi cant proportion of the energy use thatgenerates greenhouse gases and consequently drives the ongoing climatechange. As the population of the world increases, the need for buildingsincreases, while the energy use needs to decrease. A reduction in energyuse and increased use of renewable energy are important measures forclimate change mitigation. A fi rst step in decreasing the energy use of abuilding in a Nordic climate is to increase the thermal resistance of thebuilding envelope.The combination of climate change and more insulation in buildingelements will result in a different microclimate within the building elements. External parts in well-insulated building envelopes will have amicroclimate more similar to the exterior climate as the thermal resistanceincreases and moisture may take a longer time to dry out.Today, there are several established ways to calculate and quantify theenergy performance of buildings and building components. As regardscalculation of transmission heat transfer through building envelopes, thereis a lack of knowledge among Swedish engineers and architects. Thereare ambiguities regarding the defi nition of a thermal bridge and the waybuilding elements are quantifi ed in energy calculations.There are models to quantify the moisture performance of a buildingelement, where the focus is to evaluate the risk of mould growth. Regarding other moisture-related problems, such as corrosion, deformations etc.,critical moisture levels are established. However, these levels are not validfor short-term loads. Only models of mould growth take into accountfl uctuations in hygrothermal conditions.Traditionally, durability and robustness of building elements are basedon experience and are not specifi ed in quantitative terms. However, increasing the thermal resistance in combination with climate change will result indifferent hygrothermal conditions within the building envelope. Buildingelements needs to be designed with reference to these aspects.To enable evaluation of energy- and moisture performance, whichare presented in dissimilar units, a model has been developed in order topresent a weighted value which includes both aspects. The model includes Evaluating building envelopes for energy effi cient buildings4a performance failure indicator that ensures that the weighted value ofan evaluation is unacceptable if any of the evaluated indicators are belowacceptable level. This means that it is not possible to compensate for thepoor performance of one indicator by achieving a very high value foranother indicator.Initial tests have been conducted by using the model to evaluate a limited part of a building envelope, but also for a whole building. The testsof the model showed that it is possible to handle a large set of criteria andto weight them into one value.Future work in this project will investigate building envelopes in orderto indicate measures that could have a large effect on the transmissionheat transfer losses. Furthermore, additional work to investigate futureclimate scenarios and improvement of the usability of the model will beperformed.
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| 41. |
- Berggren, Björn
(författare)
-
Evaluating energy efficient buildings : Energy- and moisture performance considering future climate change
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the greatest challenges the world is facing is climate change. The need of reduction of energy use and an increased use of renewable energy in buildings constitutes important climate change mitigation measures.The objective of this research is to investigate methodologies and performance indicators for the evaluation of energy and moisture performance of buildings, including co-benefits which may occur in “green buildings”. Furthermore, the objective is to identify a methodology for evaluation of the energy and moisture performance of buildings, including co-benefits.This work was set out with a historical review of building envelopes for residential buildings followed by a literature review and case studies to investigate how energy performance, moisture conditions and green co-benefits may be calculated. An evaluation method based on multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was developed and tested.The study of the existing residential building stock shows that it is not possible to analyse a single reference building that would cover a majority of the existing buildings, e.g. renovation potentials. A set of different reference buildings and constructions are needed to enable further studies, which may investigate different possibilities related to renovation.Results also show that the relative share of transmission heat transfer losses due to thermal bridges increases when the heat resistance of a building envelope is increased. Hence, thermal bridges must be given more attention in the design of buildings.The term “energy performance” of buildings is often used today, and it is generally alleged that it refers to the annual energy use per conditioned living area. However, differences exist in building regulations in different countries and in definitions of Net Zero Energy Buildings. In relation to “moisture performance”, no international or European standard or framework for assessing and presenting moisture performance has been found within this study. Quantifying and including green co-benefits may be very profitable.Common for all calculations and investigations presented—regardless if it is energy performance of building envelopes, buildings’ energy performance, hygrothermal simulations, quantification of green co-benefits or a life cycle assessment—is the need to clearly state the boundary conditions when the results are presented, as they may have a major impact on the results.A model based on MCDA was proposed and tested. The tests of the model showed that it is possible to handle a large set of criteria and to weight them into one value. Hence, it should be possible to use the model to assist with decision-making.Recommendations for future research are to further develop calculation and evaluation methods for energy and moisture performance in buildings, including co-benefits that may arise in green buildings. Finally, there is a need for an MCDA software tailored for the construction industry to facilitate more use of MCDA. The software could be based on the method presented in this thesis.
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| 42. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Experience of digital examination in Sweden : Some preliminary findings from three different perspectives
- 2015
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Ingår i: INTED2015 Proceedings. - : iated Digital Library. ; , s. 4001-4007
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish higher educational system is under pressure. The competition from international universities is getting fiercer, and the demographical projections indicate that the number of students entering the university system is peaking right now. At the same time, the financial support from the government is decreasing. In order to stay competitive Swedish universities are trying to find strategies for using the scarce resources in the optimal way. The problem is to strike a balance between quality and efficiency.Over the past ten years a lot of improvement has been made within the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) regarding quality and innovation in education. Pedagogical courses are mandatory for the staff, and the merits of educational experience have been emphasized in hiring new staff members. Even though problem-based learning, constructive alignment and peer instruction are common in most courses today, some other aspects of education and learning remains the same. One such conservative trait has to do with written examinations. Since the founding of the university in 1827, all written examinations have been done using paper and pen at the Royal Institute of Technology. It is interesting to note that even the school of computer science is using paper and pen for their final written examinations. The problems with using paper and pen are numerous and includes; problems with reading and grading because of poor handwriting, distribution of exams between teachers in the same course, written exams getting lost, etc. In comparison with other parts of the educational system, little has happened to improve quality and efficiency when it comes to written examinations.During 2013 and 2014 a number of teachers initiated a project for increasing the efficiency in written exams. There was a general understanding that the final part of the courses consumed too much time and effort in relations to the other parts. Hence, new software for digital examinations was identified and a license was purchased. This paper summarizes the experiences that the teachers have made during this trial period. The experiences are divided between three different perspectives; the teachers, the students and the administrators. From the teachers perspective the experiences have been very positive – less time have been allocated to grading written exams, the grades are perceived as more just and the saved time can be spent on increasing the quality on other parts of the course. From a student perspective the experiences have been positive – most students are positive in that they get the results much quicker, that they can edit their answers on the exam easier and that the grades are more just. The experiences from the final perspective – that from the administrators’ point of view – are far more complex. Some parts of the administrative system encouraged the projects, whereas other parts tried to stop it, using different measures.The paper concludes with some advice on implementing changes in written exams, based on the experiences from the Swedish case.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Berggren, Björn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Financing entrepreneurship in different regions: The failure to decentralise financing to regional centres in Sweden
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. - : Emerald. - 1462-6004 .- 1758-7840. ; 17:2, s. 230-246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to analyse the financial search behaviour of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in different regions and the perceived importance of different external financiers for these firms. Design/methodology/approach: A postal survey targeting the chief executive officers (CEOs) of 459 SMEs was distributed indifferent regions of Sweden. Findings: Large differences exist in the financial search behaviour exhibited by firms in the four different types of regions. In the metropolitan areas, firms are more active in searching for new owners, especially professional investors. In smaller municipalities, banks dominate as the most important financier. Research limitations/implications: The study might not be generalised for other settings because it was carried out in Sweden. Furthermore, the regional types used might cause some concern as to whether the findings can be generalised. Practical implications: Thestudy provides evidence that policies need to be tailor-made for different regionsbecause the predominant type of financier differs greatly between regions. The findings also emphasise the need for policymakers to focus on equity gap issues in regionalcentres. Originality/value: The paper fulfils an important role in elaborating on the use and importance of different types of financing in various regions.
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| 46. |
- Berggren, Björn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Financing SMEs in different stages of the business cycle : Analyzing the financial search activity of Swedish SMEs between 1991 and 2000
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International AGSE Entrepreneurship Research Exchange. - 9780980332858 ; , s. 309-323
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we analyse the financial search behaviour of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Sweden over a ten-year period, 1991-2000. We use a cluster analysis based on the level of control aversion that the entrepreneurs display, and arrive at a four-cluster solution. The results show that when the economy turns down, entrepreneurs are forced to be more active in searching for additional sources of finance. When the economy recovers, the control aversive entrepreneurs reduce their efforts in trying to get external financing. We can also see the SMEs in rural areas have greater difficulties in attracting external financing.
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| 47. |
- Berggren, Björn, 1972-
(författare)
-
Finansiering av mindre företag
- 2007. - 1
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Ingår i: Mikrofinans - Ger fler småskaliga initiativ ökat globalt välstånd?. - : SparbanksAkademin. ; , s. 134-139
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Growth and Financing in Swedish SMEs
- 2001
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Ingår i: Tillväxtföretagen i Sverige. - : SNS förlag. - 9171508376 ; , s. 250-271
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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