| 1. |
- Eeva, Tapio, et al.
(författare)
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Species and abundance of ectoparasitic flies (Diptera) in pied flycatcher nests in Fennoscandia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Parasites & Vectors. - : BioMed Central. - 1756-3305. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Birds host several ectoparasitic fly species with negative effects on nestling health and reproductive output, and with the capability of transmitting avian blood parasites. Information on the abundance and distribution of the ectoparasitic fly genera Ornithomya (Hippoboscidae) and Protocalliphora (Calliphoridae) in northern Europe is still generally poor, and we thus explored their geographic range and occurrence of these flies in the nests of a common avian model species, the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca. Methods: Nests of F. hypoleuca were collected from 21 locations across Fennoscandia in summer 2013, across a latitudinal gradient (between 56 degrees N - 70 degrees N) and examined for the presence of fly puparia. Adult specimens of Ornithomya spp. were also collected for species identification. Fly species were identified morphologically and identifications confirmed with DNA barcoding. Results: We found three species: two louse-flies - Ornithomya chloropus and O. avicularia - and one blow-fly, Protocalliphora azurea. The prevalence of O. avicularia was higher in southern latitudes and this species was not encountered beyond 62 degrees N whereas O. chloropus and P. azurea occurred across the whole range of latitudes. The prevalence of O. chloropus further increased with increasing distance from the coast - a pattern not documented before. The three fly species showed no interspecific associations in their prevalence. Conclusions: Our study revealed relatively high prevalence for all the species (O. chloropus 59 %, O. avicularia 20 %, P. azurea 32 %), and an interesting spatial pattern in the prevalence of the two louse fly species. Our sample did not indicate any major range shifts towards the north for the southern species as compared to the information from the past. Morphological identification of O. chloropus did not match with the corresponding sequences published in the GenBank and taxonomy of this group calls for further studies.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial food web changes induced by terrestrial organic matter and elevated temperature in the coastal northern Baltic Sea
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-7745. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change has been projected to cause increased temperature and amplified inflows of terrestrial organic matter to coastal areas in northern Europe. Consequently, changes at the base of the food web favoring heterotrophic bacteria over phytoplankton are expected, affecting the food web structure. We tested this hypothesis using an outdoor shallow mesocosm system in the northern Baltic Sea in early summer, where the effects of increased temperature (+ 3°C) and terrestrial matter inputs were studied following the system dynamics and conducting grazing experiments. Juvenile perch constituted the highest trophic level in the system, which exerted strong predation on the zooplankton community. Perch subsequently released the microbial food web from heavy grazing by mesozooplankton. Addition of terrestrial matter had a stronger effect on the microbial food web than the temperature increase, because terrestrial organic matter and accompanying nutrients promoted both heterotrophic bacterial production and phytoplankton primary production. Moreover, due to the shallow water column in the experiment, terrestrial matter addition did not reduce the light below the photosynthesis saturation level, and in these conditions, the net-autotrophy was strengthened by terrestrial matter enrichment. In combination with elevated temperature, the terrestrial matter addition effects were intensified, further shifting the size distribution of the microbial food web base from picoplankton to microphytoplankton. These changes up the food web led to increase in the biomass and proportion of large-sized ciliates (>60 µm) and rotifers. Despite the shifts in the microbial food web size structure, grazing experiments suggested that the pathway from picoplankton to nano- and microzooplankton constituted the major energy flow in all treatments. The study implies that the microbial food web compartments in shallow coastal waters will adjust to climate induced increased inputs of terrestrial matter and elevated temperature, and that the major energy path will flow from picoplankton to large-sized ciliates during the summer period.
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| 6. |
- Berglund, Åsa M. M., 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Aktiva studenter = bättre genomströmning?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Universitetspedagogiska konferensen 2021. - Umeå : Universitetspedagogik och lärandestöd (UPL), Umeå universitet. ; , s. 26-26
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Berglund, Åsa M. M., et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidant status in relation to age, condition, reproductive performance and pollution in three passerine species
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Avian Biology. - 0908-8857 .- 1600-048X. ; 45:3, s. 235-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidative stress has been suggested as a mediator in life-history trade-off. By spending more resources on for example reproduction an organism might sacrifice its antioxidant defence. So far, most conclusions on trade-offs between life-history traits and oxidative stress have been drawn from laboratory studies using a few model species and there is a need for studies conducted in natural settings. We investigated associations between markers for antioxidant status (antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant levels), body condition, age and reproduction in three species of wild-living passerines. The impact from an anthropogenic stressor (metal pollution) was also assessed. The three bird species showed interspecific variation in their SOD and CAT activities, indicating different pathways to eliminate radicals. The age of females affected both antioxidant status and the breeding performance, indicating the importance of age as a factor in life-history studies. Old birds had lower levels of antioxidants/antioxidant enzyme activities and they produced larger broods/more successful broods, though the latter might be confounded by surviving females having increased fitness. Metal exposure had a negative impact on breeding, and improved breeding outcome was also associated with increased antioxidant defence, but metal exposure was not directly related to the oxidative status of birds, emphasizing that additional stressors might independently affect the same traits. Our results highlight that caution has to be taken when generalizing and extrapolating results to even closely related species. The results support the idea that there is a cost of reproduction, in terms of increased resources spent on antioxidant defence, though this should be confirmed with experimental studies.
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| 8. |
- Berglund, Åsa M. M., 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on the food-web structure and bioaccumulation patterns of organic contaminants in a climate-altered Bothnian Sea mesocosms
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-7745. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is expected to alter global temperature and precipitation patterns resulting in complex environmental impacts. The proposed higher precipitation in northern Scandinavia would increase runoff from land, hence increase the inflow of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (tDOM) in coastal regions. This could promote heterotrophic bacterial production and shift the food web structure, by favoring the microbial food web. The altered climate is also expected to affect transport and availability of organic micropollutants (MPs), with downstream effects on exposure and accumulation in biota. This study aimed to assess climate-induced changes in a Bothnian Sea food web structure as well as bioaccumulation patterns of MPs. We performed a mesocosms-study, focusing on aquatic food webs with fish as top predator. Alongside increased temperature, mesocosm treatments included tDOM and MP addition. The tDOM addition affected nutrient availability and boosted both phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria in our fairly shallow mesocosms. The increased tDOM further benefitted flagellates, ciliates and mesozooplankton, while the temperature increase and MP addition had minor effect on those organism groups. Temperature, on the other hand, had a negative impact on fish growth and survival, whereas tDOM and MP addition only had minor impact on fish. Moreover, there were indications that bioaccumulation of MPs in fish either increased with tDOM addition or decreased at higher temperatures. If there was an impact on bioaccumulation, moderately lipophilic MPs (log Kow 3.6 - 4.6) were generally affected by tDOM addition and more lipophilic MPs (log Kow 3.8 to 6.4) were generally affected by increased temperature. This study suggest that both increased temperatures and addition of tDOM likely will affect bioaccumulation patterns of MPs in shallow coastal regions, albeit with counteracting effects.
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| 9. |
- Berglund, Åsa M. M.
(författare)
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Evaluating blood and excrement as bioindicators for metal accumulation in birds
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 233, s. 1198-1206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birds are widely used to assess metal contamination in the environment and there are different approaches to determine the exposure level in individuals, some being destructive (collection of soft tissues) and some non-destructive (blood, feathers and excrement). The use of blood to detect internal concentrations of metals is an acknowledged method, but to what extent blood can predict the concentrations in soft tissues has been less well evaluated in wild terrestrial birds. The same is true for excrements. This study compares the non-destructive methods using blood and excrement with liver sampling, with respect to exposure and accumulation of the elements arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in nestling pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Blood, liver and excrement reflected the environmental exposure of non-essential elements and were independent of nestling sex. There were asymptotic relationships between the concentration of arsenic, cadmium and lead in liver and blood, excrement and liver, and excrement and blood, but none for copper or zinc. Those relationships were generally stronger between liver and blood than between excrements and internal concentrations. Lead had the strongest associations for all matrixes. The conclusion is that blood is an appropriate tool to assess accumulation of arsenic, cadmium and especially lead, but that blood can underestimate the accumulation at highly contaminated sites. Excrement can also give an indication of metal accumulation, but may overestimate internal concentrations at high exposure, and individual variability makes direct comparisons between these matrices less appropriate.
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| 10. |
- Berglund, Åsa M. M., et al.
(författare)
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Species- and age-related variation in metal exposure and accumulation of two passerine bird species
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 159:10, s. 2368-2374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured the concentration of several elements (arsenic [As], calcium [Ca], cadmium [Cd], copper [Cu], nickel [Ni], lead [Pb], selenium [Se] and zinc [Zn]) in adult and nestling pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) and great tits (Parus major) at different distances to a Cu–Ni smelter in 2009. Feces of nestlings generally failed to correspond with internal element concentrations but reflected the pollution exposure, indicating an increased stress by removal of excess metals. The uptake of Cu and Ni were regulated, but As, Cd, Pb and Se accumulated in liver tissue. Pied flycatchers had generally higher element concentrations than great tits. The higher accumulation of As and Pb in pied flycatcher livers was explained by a more efficient absorption, whereas the higher Cd concentration was primarily due to different intake of food items. Age-related differences occurred between the two species, though both Cd and Se accumulated with age.
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| 11. |
- Ecke, Frauke, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal shift of diet in bank voles explains trophic fate of anthropogenic osmium?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 624, s. 1634-1639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diet shifts are common in mammals and birds, but little is known about how such shifts along the food web affect contaminant exposure. Voles are staple food for many mammalian and avian predators. There is therefore a risk of transfer of contaminants accumulated in voles within the food chain. Osmium is one of the rarest earth elements with osmium tetroxide (OsO4 ) as the most toxic vapor-phase airborne contaminant. Anthropogenic OsO4 accumulates in fruticose lichens that are important winter food of bank voles (Myodes glareolus). Here, we test if a) anthropogenic osmium accumulates in bank voles in winter, and b) accumulation rates and concentrations are lower in autumn when the species is mainly herbivorous. Our study, performed in a boreal forest impacted by anthropogenic osmium, supported the hypotheses for all studied tissues (kidney, liver, lung, muscle and spleen) in 50 studied bank voles. In autumn, osmium concentrations in bank voles were even partly similar to those in the graminivorous field vole (Microtus agrestis: n =3D 14). In autumn but not in late winter/early spring, osmium concentrations were generally negatively correlated with body weight and root length of the first mandible molar, i.e. proxies of bank vole age. Identified negative correlations between organ-to-body weight ratios and osmium concentrations in late winter/early spring indicate intoxication. Our results suggest unequal accumulation risk for predators feeding on different cohorts of bank voles.
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| 12. |
- Ecke, Frauke, et al.
(författare)
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Sublethal Lead Exposure Alters Movement Behavior in Free-Ranging Golden Eagles
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 51:10, s. 5729-5736
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lead poisoning of animals due to ingestion of fragments from lead-based ammunition in carcasses and offal of shot wildlife is acknowledged globally and raises great concerns about potential behavioral effects leading to increased mortality risks. Lead levels in blood were correlated with progress of the moose hunting season. Based on analyses of tracking data, we found that even sublethal lead concentrations in blood (25 ppb, wet weight), can likely negatively affect movement behavior (flight height and movement rate) of free ranging scavenging Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Lead levels in liver of recovered post-mortem analyzed eagles suggested that sublethal exposure increases the risk of mortality in eagles. Such adverse effects on animals are probably common worldwide and across species, where game hunting with lead-based ammunition is widespread. Our study highlights lead exposure as a considerably more serious threat to wildlife conservation than previously realized and suggests implementation of bans of lead ammunition for hunting.
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| 13. |
- Lidman, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of past century mining activities on sediment properties and toxicity to freshwater organisms in northern Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The release of toxic metals from local mining activities often represents a severe environmental hazard for nearby lake ecosystems. Previous studies on the impact of mining have primarily focused on single lakes, with less emphasis on spatial and temporal recovery patterns of multiple lakes within the same catchment, but with different hydrological connection and distance to the pollutant source. This knowledge gap prevents us from assessing the real environmental risk of abandoned mines and understanding ecosystem recovery. This study explores the intensity and spatial patterns of sediment contamination and the potential for ecosystem recovery in three lakes in close vicinity of a lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) mine in Sweden that has been inoperative for >20 years. Dated (210Pb and 137Cs) sediment cores from each lake were used to reconstruct temporal patterns in trace element deposition and relate those with past mining activities. Results show that all lakes were affected by mining, indicated by increasing Pb and Zn concentrations and decreasing organic matter content, at the onset of mining. However, the extent and timing of mining impact differed between lakes, which was partly ascribed to differences in the historical use of tailings and settling ponds. Assessment of toxicity levels in sediments, based on normalized Probable Effect Concentration Quotient (PEC-Q) to organic matter content, provided more consistent results with the historical mining than conventional methods, showing a decreasing impact in lakes once the operations ceased. Still, sediment Pb concentrations were > 10 times higher than pre-mining values, evidencing the urgent need for remediation actions in the study lakes. This study highlights the importance of considering spatial heterogeneity in metal deposition, sediment organic matter content, and hydrological connectivity with tailings when risk assessments are performed in mining-impacted lakes. The use of normalized PEC-Q in toxic assessments is also recommended.
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| 14. |
- Lidman, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of aquatic and terrestrial prey availability on metal accumulation in pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ingestion of contaminated prey is a major route for metal exposure in terrestrial insectivores. In terrestrial ecosystems adjacent to lakes and streams, emerging aquatic insects can transport metals, accumulated during their larval stage, from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems. However, contaminant exposure via aquatic insects has often been ignored in terrestrial environments, despite such insects representing a substantial part of the diet for terrestrial insectivores living close to lakes and streams. In this study, we investigated how dietary lead (Pb) and calcium (Ca) exposure from different aquatic and terrestrial prey types affects Pb accumulation in pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings living close to a former Pb/zinc (Zn) mine in northern Sweden, which closed in 2001. Stable isotope analysis (δ 13C and δ15N) of nestling blood and different prey types was used to estimate nestlings' diet. Ants, Lepidoptera larvae and Trichoptera were the most common prey types in the nestlings’ diet, in which aquatic prey types (Trichoptera included) accounted for 2.0–96.4%. Ingestion of specific prey groups, such as aquatic insects and ants, were important for Pb accumulation in nestlings, and when access to aquatic prey was low, ants were the predominant source of Pb. The influence of dietary Ca on Pb accumulation was less consistent, but Ca availability was relatively high and often co-occurred with high Pb concentrations in invertebrates. The study shows that both the proportion of different prey and their individual metal concentrations need to be considered when estimating exposure risks for insectivores. Further, it highlights the need to account for metal exposure from emerging aquatic insects for terrestrial insectivores living close to lakes and streams.
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| 15. |
- Lidman, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) contamination on aquatic insect community composition and metamorphosis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal contamination of freshwater ecosystems is a great threat to aquatic insect communities. In the past, focus has been on the toxic effects on the insect larvae, despite emerging evidence showing that negative effects can occur during metamorphosis to adults. There is therefore a risk that traditional studies on insect larvae would underestimate effect from metals. In this study, we investigated the effect of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) on aquatic insect abundance, including metamorphosis and adult emergence at 9 lakes, near an abandoned Pb/Zn mine, with different Pb and Zn concentrations in sediment and water. Further, differences in response to metal contamination among taxa, and potential community composition changes, were also investigated. Total insect abundance was not affected by metal contamination, but Zn had a negative effect on metamorphosis and proportionally less adults emerged compared to larval abundance when the bioavailable Zn concentration in water increased. The opposite pattern was found for bioavailable Pb (negative effect on larvae but not on adult emergence). All studied insect groups had similar response to metal contamination, and no change in community structure towards dominance of more tolerant taxa was observed. Our study shows that it is important to include metamorphosis when metal toxicity is evaluated in aquatic insects, and that metals can have opposite and contradicting effects. Thus, although combined cocktail effects of metal mixtures are important to assess, effects of individual metals can be underestimated.
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| 16. |
- Malvandi, Hassan, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of metal concentrations in feathers of bird-vehicle collisions, Sabzevar, Iran
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 28:41, s. 57686-57694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study is to compare the concentrations of lead, copper, and zinc in feathers of birds struck in collisions with vehicles. Two main assumptions were investigated: that there is a significant difference between species with different diets and that large and old species have higher concentrations of lead than small and young species because of their longer life span and longer exposure time to pollutants. Mean concentrations were obtained for lead 0.122, 0.006, 0.007, 0.010, and 0.014, for copper 0.718, 0.783, 0.530, 0.853, and 0.793, and for zinc 0.891, 0.940, 0.787, 0.932, and 1.003 in house sparrow (Passer domesticus), tree sparrow (Passer montanus), European roller (Coracias garrulus), Little bittern (Ixobrychus minutus), and Levant sparrowhawk (Accipiter brevipes), respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the concentrations of the studied elements between species with different diets and as well as between large and small size or juveniles and adults; thus, the two hypotheses were rejected. The concentrations of the studied elements were lower than the “negative effects” threshold values suggested by previous studies; thus, they are not likely to pose a serious threat to the selected species. However, it is important to include not only other non-essential elements in future studies but also larger sample sizes. It is also noteworthy that this is the first study to determine the concentration of metals in two of the species, Coracias garrulous and Accipiter brevipes.
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| 17. |
- Rodríguez, Juanjo, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Organic Pollutants on Bacterial Communities Under Future Climate Change Scenarios
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-302X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal ecosystems are highly dynamic and can be strongly influenced by climate change, anthropogenic activities (e.g. pollution) and a combination of the two pressures. As a result of climate change, the northern hemisphere is predicted to undergo an increased precipitation regime, leading in turn to higher terrestrial runoff and increased river inflow. This increased runoff will transfer terrestrial dissolved organic matter (tDOM) and anthropogenic contaminants to coastal waters. Such changes can directly influence the resident biology, particularly at the base of the food web, and can influence the partitioning of contaminants and thus their potential impact on the food web. Bacteria have been shown to respond to high tDOM concentration and organic pollutants loads, and could represent the entry of some pollutants into coastal food webs. We carried out a mesocosm experiment to determine the effects of: 1) increased tDOM concentration, 2) organic pollutant exposure, and 3) the combined effect of these two factors, on pelagic bacterial communities. This study showed significant responses in bacterial community composition under the three environmental perturbations tested. The addition of tDOM increased bacterial activity and diversity, while the addition of organic pollutants led to an overall reduction of these parameters, particularly under concurrent elevated tDOM concentration. Furthermore, we identified 33 bacterial taxa contributing to the significant differences observed in community composition, as well as 35 bacterial taxa which responded differently to extended exposure to organic pollutants. These findings point to the potential impact of organic pollutants under future climate change conditions on the basal coastal ecosystem, as well as to the potential utility of natural bacterial communities as efficient indicators of environmental disturbance.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Egil, et al.
(författare)
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Single-photon core-valence double ionization of molecular oxygen
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 78, s. 023409-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-photon core-valence double ionization of molecular oxygen has been studied using a magnetic bottle time-of-flight electron coincidence spectrometer. The K-1V-1 double ionization electron spectrum of O-2 is reported and is assigned with the aid of ab initio calculations. A direct comparison of the core-valence double ionization electron spectra with the conventional valence band photoelectron spectrum is made. The lowest core-valence double ionization energy is found to be 571.6 eV and is associated with a (3)Pi dicationic state.
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| 19. |
- Berglund, Anna, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Våldsutsatta kvinnor- samhällets ansvar
- 2014. - 3
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Ingår i: Lärobok, tredje upplagan, framtagen av Nationellt centrum för kvinnofrid, Uppsala universitet. - Uppsala : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144094441
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Gottsäter, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy associated with carotid atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetic patients.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1464-5491 .- 0742-3071. ; 20:6, s. 495-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsTo clarify if cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is associated with carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques in Type 2 diabetic patients. MethodsCardiovascular autonomic nerve function was related to carotid artery ultrasound in 61 Type 2 diabetic patients 5-6 years after diagnosis of diabetes. ResultsCardiovascular autonomic neuropathy [abnormal age corrected expiration/inspiration (E/I) ratio or acceleration index (AI)] was found in 13/61 (21%) patients. Patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy showed increased degree of stenosis in the common carotid artery (24.6 ± 13.2% vs. 14.7 ± 9.2%; P = 0.014) and a tendency towards a higher plaque score (4.0 ± 1.7 vs. 3.2 ± 1.6; P = 0.064). Controlled for age, AI correlated inversely with degree of stenosis (r = -0.39; P = 0.005), plaque score (r = -0.39; P = 0.005), and mean (r = -0.33; P = 0.018) and maximum (r = -0.39; P = 0.004) intima-media thickness in the common carotid artery. In contrast, E/I ratio correlated only slightly with mean intima-media thickness in the common carotid artery (r = -0.28; P = 0.049). ConclusionsCardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was associated with carotid atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetic patients. Abnormal E/I ratios reflect efferent structural damage to parasympathetic nerves whereas abnormal AI reflects afferent autonomic dysfunction possibly due to impaired baroreceptor sensitivity secondary to carotid atherosclerosis.
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| 21. |
- Högstedt, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and motivational factors for joining a lay responder system dispatch to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 30:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There has been in increase in the use of systems for organizing lay responders for suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) dispatch using smartphone-based technology. The purpose is to increase survival rates; however, such systems are dependent on people's commitment to becoming a lay responder. Knowledge about the characteristics of such volunteers and their motivational factors is lacking. Therefore, we explored characteristics and quantified the underlying motivational factors for joining a smartphone-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) lay responder system. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 800 consecutively recruited lay responders in a smartphone-based mobile positioning first-responder system (SMS-lifesavers) were surveyed. Data on characteristics and motivational factors were collected, the latter through a modified version of the validated survey "Volunteer Motivation Inventory" (VMI). The statements in the VMI, ranked on a Likert scale (1-5), corresponded to(a) intrinsic (an inner belief of doing good for others) or (b) extrinsic (earning some kind of reward from the act) motivational factors. Results: A total of 461 participants were included in the final analysis. Among respondents, 59% were women, 48% between 25 and 39 years of age, 37% worked within health care, and 66% had undergone post-secondary school. The most common way (44%) to learn about the lay responder system was from a CPR instructor. A majority (77%) had undergone CPR training at their workplace. In terms of motivation, where higher scores reflect greater importance to the participant, intrinsic factors scored highest, represented by the category values (mean 3.97) followed by extrinsic categories reciprocity (mean 3.88) and self-esteem (mean 3.22). Conclusion: This study indicates that motivation to join a first responder system mainly depends on intrinsic factors, i.e. an inner belief of doing good, but there are also extrinsic factors, such as earning some kind of reward from the act, to consider. Focusing information campaigns on intrinsic factors may be the most important factor for successful recruitment. When implementing a smartphone-based lay responder system, CPR instructors, as a main information source to potential lay responders, as well as the workplace, are crucial for successful recruitment.
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