| 1. |
- Berglund, Anna-Karin, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Nucleotide pools dictate the identity and frequency of ribonucleotide incorporation in mitochondrial DNA. : Mapping ribonucleotides in mitochondrial DNA
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous work has demonstrated the presence of ribonucleotides in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and in the present study we use a genome-wide approach to precisely map the location of these. We find that ribonucleotides are distributed evenly between the heavy- and light-strand of mtDNA. The relative levels of incorporated ribonucleotides reflect that DNA polymerase γ discriminates the four ribonucleotides differentially during DNA synthesis. The observed pattern is also dependent on the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) pools and disease-causing mutations that change these pools alter both the absolute and relative levels of incorporated ribonucleotides. Our analyses strongly suggest that DNA polymerase γ-dependent incorporation is the main source of ribonucleotides in mtDNA and argues against the existence of a mitochondrial ribonucleotide excision repair pathway in human cells. Furthermore, we clearly demonstrate that when dNTP pools are limiting, ribonucleotides serve as a source of building blocks to maintain DNA replication. Increased levels of embedded ribonucleotides in patient cells with disturbed nucleotide pools may contribute to a pathogenic mechanism that affects mtDNA stability and impair new rounds of mtDNA replication.
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| 3. |
- Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of constructive and destructive leadership on soldier's job satisfaction
- 2019
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Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : Sage Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 122:3, s. 1068-1086
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether constructive or destructive leadership behaviors are the best predictors of soldiers’ experienced meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction. Data were collected among 300 employed soldiers using a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions about the immediate leader’s constructive and destructive leadership, meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction. The results show that the constructive leadership factor inspiration and motivation was the best predictor of both experienced meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction. None of the destructive leadership factors gave a significant contribution to the models although both the passive and active forms of destructive leadership showed a weak to moderate significant, negative correlation with experienced meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction.
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| 6. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Daily uplifts and adaptive coping as a buffer against daily hassles : relationship with stress reactions over time in military personnel
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Psychologist. - : Scandinavian Psychologist. - 1894-5570. ; :4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this research was to gain a deeper understanding of how daily hassles and uplifts interact with each other and with stress reactions over time in military personnel. Interviews were conducted with 15 Swedish veterans five years after an international peace enforcement mission. The grounded theory method was used and result patterns were generated for six specific time periods distributed before, during, and after the mission. A theoretical model was developed showing that everyday uplifts combined with adaptive coping can be sufficient to limit stress reactions related to daily hassles. The model was supported by the fact that, five years after the mission, none of interviewees had received a PTSD diagnosis or needed professional psychological treatment. The last-mentioned outcome is noteworthy in itself given the severe stress often encountered in peace enforcement missions and previous research observations of high PTSD incidence, suicide rates, criminality, and substance abuse in mission participants.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Enskilt tjänstgörande 1990-2015 : hur mår de idag och vilken långsiktig effekt har vardagsstress?
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med undersökningen var att kartlägga hur svenska officerare som gjort insatser som enskilt tjänstgörande upplever sig må idag och särskilt beakta vardagsstressens betydelse.Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgörs av en modell över vardagsstress, vilket urskiljer sig gentemot tidigare forskning där allvarliga reaktioner som Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) ofta varit i främsta fokus.En enkät skickades till samtliga nu levande svenskar som varit enskilt tjänstgörande officerare under perioden 1990-2015 (N = 1198). Svar erhölls från 653 personer (54,5% svarsfrekvens).Resultatet visar att majoriteten av deltagarna upplever att de mår bra idag. Endast en mindre grupp rapporterar att de besväras av fysiska, emotionella eller kognitiva stressreaktioner (symptom). Resultatet visar även att ju starkare kombinationen av vardagliga glädjeämnen och funktionell stresshantering är i förhållande till kombinationen av vardagliga oros- och irritationsmoment och dysfunktionell stresshantering, desto lägre är förekomsten av symptom och vice versa.Undersökningens främsta praktiska slutsats är att undersökningsdeltagarna i huvudsak mår bra idag. Studiens viktigaste teoretiska slutsats är att den prövade modellen ger ett betydelsefullt kunskapstillskott för förståelse av hur vardagshändelser och hanteringsstrategier samspelar med stressreaktioner och indikationer på PTSD.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Gerry, Professor, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Ledarskapets containerfunktion : en kvalitativ studie av militära mellanchefer
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Containerförmåga handlar i ledarskapssammanhang om att man som chef måste kunna varsebli, tolka och härbärgera signaler från högre nivå innan de förmedlas vidare nedåt i hierarkin. Härbärgeringen innefattar att transformera den högre nivåns budskap på ett sådant sätt att det blir meningsfullt för medarbetare på lägre nivåer, utan att budskapet för den skull förvanskas. Även det omvända gäller. Chefer måste kunna ta emot och härbärgera signaler ”från golvet” och föra dem vidare uppåt till högre chefer på ett konstruktivt sätt.Syftet med undersökningen var att få en fördjupad förståelse av de intrapsykiska delarna av ledarskapets containerfunktion och hur de samverkar med de beteendemässiga delarna. En intervjuundersökning genomfördes med 15 svenska militära officerare på mellanchefnivå. Studien ledde fram till en identifikation av ett antal detaljaspekter inom ledarskapets containerfunktion. Som exempel kan nämnas vikten av självdisciplin att motstå impulser att agera direkt för att skapa tid att analysera situationen och förbereda argument gentemot målgruppen. Studien visar vidare att ledares hantering av containerfunktionen är starkt relaterade till deras ledarskap mer generellt. Detta gäller dels individfaktorn ledarens personliga trygghet och erfarenhet, dels den relationella faktorn att bygga tillitsfulla relationer uppåt och nedåt.
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| 11. |
- Svensén, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Validering av Officersprogrammets urvalsprocess : Steg 2: En kvalitativ studie om utveckling av förmågor och egenskaper hos officerare
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna undersökning ingår som ett andra steg i en planerad sekvens av studier som syftar till att validera officersprogrammets urvalsprocess. I det första steget identifierades ett antal egenskaper och förmågor som kan antas vara betydelsefulla för officerare för att utföra ett bra arbete, oavsett inom vilken arena officeren verkar. En sammanfattande modell togs fram där egenskaperna och förmågorna indelades i tre kategorier; individuella basegenskaper, interpersonella förmågor och uppgiftsrelaterade förmågor.I det andra steget undersöks dessa egenskaper och förmågors karaktär; är de stabila eller utvecklas de under utbildning eller yrkesutövande? Resultatet visar att de individuella basegenskaperna utvecklas förutsatt en stabil grund liksom de interpersonella förmågorna medan de uppgiftsrelaterade förmågorna huvudsakligen utvecklades över tid, antingen under utbildningen eller som yrkesverksam officer.
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| 12. |
- Wallenius, Claes, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Anchoring Sweden’s Downsized Military : People’s Attitude to, Knowledge About, and Trust in Our Military Defense
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Military Studies. - : Scandinavian Military Studies. - 2596-3856. ; 4:1, s. 78-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hypothesis was that post-Cold War downsizing of the military defense is associated with low levels of public anchoring, and that better anchoring is associated with a perception of a better performance by the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) and with a SAF connection and military experience. An additional research question concerned the level of concordance between the military and political elites and the population on these issues. A questionnaire was sent to 3,000 randomly selected residents. The results showed that post-Cold War downsizing was only partly associated with low levels of anchoring. Better anchoring was associated with a perception of a better performance by the SAF and with SAF connection and experience. There was significant concordance between the elites and the public. The study shows that anchoring is best supported by increased communication of the results and benefits of the military defense to all subgroups of the population.
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| 13. |
- Wallenius, Claes, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Anchoring Sweden’s Post-conscript Military : Insights From Elites in the Political and Military Realm
- 2019
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Ingår i: Armed forces and society. - : Sage Publications. - 0095-327X .- 1556-0848. ; 45:3, s. 452-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The universal nature of conscription ties or anchors broad segments of society to the military. What happens to societal anchoring after the draft ends? Using in-depth interviews with two groups of elites, this article explores factors that promote and hinder the Swedish Military’s societal anchoring post-conscription. The first group consisted of 18 executives at the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) headquarters with strategic positions in relation to societal anchoring. The second group consisted of 15 representatives from the corresponding political level: members of the parliamentary Committee on Defense and their officials. The interviews were semistructured and analyzed according to a grounded theory-inspired approach. Main themes concerning obstacles were the public’s low interest and dated knowledge, an unclear political debate resulting in vague expectations concerning the SAF, as well as unclear responsibility for informing the public, and confidence gaps between the military and the political elite.
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| 17. |
- Österberg, Johan, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Officer recruitment in Sweden : Enhancing the process
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the recruitment process for the three-year officer program (OP), it is a big dropout in the period from application to the start of the program. Because of this is, the OP has not been fully manned since 2008. To supply the Swedish Armed Forces with a sufficient number of officers are a priority and henceforth the SAF have a need for increasing the numbers of officers. Furthermore, a large number of retirements within the officer corps have also reduced the numbers of officers. In order to increase recruiting efficiency and increase the proportion of individuals who complete the entire recruitment process to OP, a project was launched at the Swedish Defence University designed to evaluate the recruitment into, and dropouts from the OP. Results carried out under the project shows that the earlier people jump out of the recruitment process, the older and more academically educated, they tend to be. Further, the results show that personal contact from officers and cadets already in the system has a positive relation on people’s willingness to complete the recruitment process. The project implemented a different recruitment strategy in 2016, the outcome showed that the percentage of applicants who started the program was higher than before, and the dropout rate was lower than ever.
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| 19. |
- Österberg, Johan, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Pridobivanje častnikov - izboljševanje procesa : Officer Recruitment - Improving the Process
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sodobni vojaški izziv / Contemporary Military Challenges. - Ljubljana : Generalštab Slovenske vojske / General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces. - 2232-2825 .- 2463-9575. ; 20:2, s. 23-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The only way to become an officer in Sweden is to complete the three-year Officers’ Programme (OP). In the selection process for the OP, there is a large gap between the number of applicants and the number of individuals who start the programme. One consequence of this is that the OP has not been fully manned since 2008, thus leaving the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) with a shortage of officers. Manning the SAF with sufficient officers with the right qualifications is a priority, and henceforth the number of cadets must increase. Therefore, in 2014, a project was launched with the aim of examining recruitment to and selection for the OP, as well as identifying success factors and areas of improvement. An additional ambition was to introduce measures intended to increase recruiting efficiency based on the results, and the proportion of individuals who enter the OP.The project led to the implementation of a different recruitment strategy in 2016 and 2017. Early in the selection process applicants were contacted by cadets already studying on the OP, and were invited to an information meeting at the Swedish Defence University. Those who were selected to start the OP were also contacted by their future platoon commanders, who provided useful information. The outcomes show that the numbers of cadets starting the OP increased, and the dropout rate during the selection process was lower than before.
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