| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Readiness of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter for LHC collisions
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:4, s. 1193-1236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Tile hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS detector has undergone extensive testing in the experimental hall since its installation in late 2005. The readout, control and calibration systems have been fully operational since 2007 and the detector has successfully collected data from the LHC single beams in 2008 and first collisions in 2009. This paper gives an overview of the Tile Calorimeter performance as measured using random triggers, calibration data, data from cosmic ray muons and single beam data. The detector operation status, noise characteristics and performance of the calibration systems are presented, as well as the validation of the timing and energy calibration carried out with minimum ionising cosmic ray muons data. The calibration systems' precision is well below the design value of 1%. The determination of the global energy scale was performed with an uncertainty of 4%.
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Studies of the performance of the ATLAS detector using cosmic-ray muons
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 71:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muons from cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere provide a high-statistics source of particles that can be used to study the performance and calibration of the ATLAS detector. Cosmic-ray muons can penetrate to the cavern and deposit energy in all detector subsystems. Such events have played an important role in the commissioning of the detector since the start of the installation phase in 2005 and were particularly important for understanding the detector performance in the time prior to the arrival of the first LHC beams. Global cosmic-ray runs were undertaken in both 2008 and 2009 and these data have been used through to the early phases of collision data-taking as a tool for calibration, alignment and detector monitoring. These large datasets have also been used for detector performance studies, including investigations that rely on the combined performance of different subsystems. This paper presents the results of performance studies related to combined tracking, lepton identification and the reconstruction of jets and missing transverse energy. Results are compared to expectations based on a cosmic-ray event generator and a full simulation of the detector response.
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| 3. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 787-821
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS Inner Detector is a composite tracking system consisting of silicon pixels, silicon strips and straw tubes in a 2 T magnetic field. Its installation was completed in August 2008 and the detector took part in data-taking with single LHC beams and cosmic rays. The initial detector operation, hardware commissioning and in-situ calibrations are described. Tracking performance has been measured with 7.6 million cosmic-ray events, collected using a tracking trigger and reconstructed with modular pattern-recognition and fitting software. The intrinsic hit efficiency and tracking trigger efficiencies are close to 100%. Lorentz angle measurements for both electrons and holes, specific energy-loss calibration and transition radiation turn-on measurements have been performed. Different alignment techniques have been used to reconstruct the detector geometry. After the initial alignment, a transverse impact parameter resolution of 22.1 +/- 0.9 mu m and a relative momentum resolution sigma (p) /p=(4.83 +/- 0.16)x10(-4) GeV(-1)xp (T) have been measured for high momentum tracks.
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| 4. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Simulation Infrastructure
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 823-874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The simulation software for the ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is being used for large-scale production of events on the LHC Computing Grid. This simulation requires many components, from the generators that simulate particle collisions, through packages simulating the response of the various detectors and triggers. All of these components come together under the ATLAS simulation infrastructure. In this paper, that infrastructure is discussed, including that supporting the detector description, interfacing the event generation, and combining the GEANT4 simulation of the response of the individual detectors. Also described are the tools allowing the software validation, performance testing, and the validation of the simulated output against known physics processes.
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| 5. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Commissioning of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with cosmic rays
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 875-916
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider has collected several hundred million cosmic ray events during 2008 and 2009. These data were used to commission the Muon Spectrometer and to study the performance of the trigger and tracking chambers, their alignment, the detector control system, the data acquisition and the analysis programs. We present the performance in the relevant parameters that determine the quality of the muon measurement. We discuss the single element efficiency, resolution and noise rates, the calibration method of the detector response and of the alignment system, the track reconstruction efficiency and the momentum measurement. The results show that the detector is close to the design performance and that the Muon Spectrometer is ready to detect muons produced in high energy proton-proton collisions.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andréasson, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Behandling av alkohol- och narkotikaproblem : En evidensbaserad kunskapssammanställning
- 2001
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Utvärderingens syfteMissbruk och beroende av alkohol är ett av de största folkhälsoproblemen. Narkotikamissbruk är mindre vanligt men har stora medicinska konsekvenser för de berörda. De sociala och juridiska aspekterna är betydande. En kritisk genomgång av litteraturen vad avser behandling av abstinens, protraherad abstinens, behandling i syfte att förhindra återfall, psykologiska och sociala behandlingar för att minska återfallsrisken, behandlingsprogram och institutionsvårdens roll, samt behandling av missbruk under graviditet. Dessutom en granskning av mini-intervention i primärvård och annan vård vars syfte är att minska konsumtionen hos högkonsumenter av alkohol. Nyligen gjorda meta-analyser inom området värderas och särskild vikt fästs vid interventioner som finns eller lätt kan introduceras i den svenska vårdorganisationen. Behandlingsprogram för patienter med samtidig annan psykisk störning värderas.Så kallat lågdosberoende av bensodiazepiner och andra lugnande medel eller sömnmedel behandlas inte. Inte heller belyses effekten av behandlingar vars primära mål är kroppsliga komplikationer av missbruket, och inte heller granskas metoder att minska tillgänglighet.TillvägagångssättStrukturerad översikt, kostnadsanalyser.Insamling av primärdataSystematisk sökning i relevanta databaser, litteraturlistor i påträffade studier samt i aktuella monografier. Ingen bakre tidsbegränsning och sökning i databaser till och med februari 1999.Utgångspunkt för urval av dataHuvudsakligen randomiserade, kontrollerade, dubbelblinda studier, samt metaanalyser som baseras på sådana studier. Vad gäller långtidsförlopp och ekonomiska analyser även kohortstudier och andra naturalistiska studier.Genomgång av publikationenSamtliga studier värderas med hjälp av en i gruppen utarbetad, och med övriga psykiatriprojekt gemensam, kvalitetsmall. Alla centrala studier läses av minst två i gruppen.Färdiga manuskript värderas av styrelse, expertgrupp samt externa granskare.
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| 9. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Kommer det på tentan? : Uppfattningar om motivation och demotivation bland studenter på ingenjörsutbildningar
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Motivation är en av de viktigaste drivkrafterna bakom människors handlingar. Hur en student klarar sina studier beror till stor del på graden av motivation, men också på graden av demotivation. Vi har i den här studien valt att utforska upplevda källor till studenters motivation och demotivation i ingenjörskurser. Dessa har kodats och kategoriserats i termer av kontext, struktur och lärare, och resultatet har jämförts med en liknande omfattande undersökning från USA. Resultaten visar att frågor rörande kurs ens struktur i högre grad anges som viktiga både för motivation och demotivation för våra studentgrupper, jämfört med den andra undersökningen. Vidare förekommer synpunkter kring lärarens förmåga att förklara och lärarens attityd till studenterna i betydligt högre omfattning än lärarens ämneskompetens i sig, vilket kan ses som stöd för att pedagogisk och didaktisk skicklighet bör vara starkt meriterande för undervisande personal. En slutsats är att lärare har mycket stora möjligheter att påverka studenternas motivation både positivt och negativt, och att det är av stor vikt att lärare är både medvetna om, och har verktyg för att hantera, detta.
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| 10. |
- Berglund, Anders, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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THE PEDAGOGICAL DEVELOPERS INITIATIVE : SYSTEMATIC SHIFTS, SERENDIPITIES, AND SETBACKS
- 2017
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Ingår i: 13th International CDIO Conference in Calgary, Canada, June 18-22, 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pedagogical projects have often, at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, as well as elsewhere, been initiated and managed by individual enthusiasts rather than dedicated teams. This generally decreases the possibility of successful implementation of more ambitious ideas, e.g., changing educational programs, implementing the CDIO syllabus, or strengthening the pedagogical development of larger parts of the faculty. To enable wider and more effective change, KTH top management therefore launched a universityencompassing three-year project in 2014, in which a group of highly motivated teachers from all schools at KTH were appointed part-time pedagogical developers (PDs). The PDs were given the task of promoting pedagogical development and facilitate cooperation and knowledge exchange among faculty members, as described in two previous papers at CDIO conferences. From 2017, the outcomes of this project are supposed to be integrated parts of the KTH line organization. The project has led to numerous actions, which would have been difficult to set in motion unless given the freedom in time to explore and to develop into a collective effort rather than a myriad of individual “stand-alone” examples. By addressing key areas for pedagogical development, our group of dedicated faculty have tried to surpass the suboptimal "lock-in" of strict individual reasoning and to deal with surfaced questions and relevant issues in a broader collective manner. A major insight confirmed by the project and its many sub-projects has indeed been the fundamental importance of collegial discussions and the creation of processes that facilitate and support teacher cooperation. We have also, through discussions with faculty at KTH, confirmed the need for clearly defined, tangible incentives for teachers, motivating them to participate in pedagogical development activities, even if this means less time left for the traditional pathway to rewards within academia, i.e. research. In this paper, we chart changes that have occurred in the educational practices at KTH by describing and discussing the project’s focus on pedagogical development of faculty, actual execution of changes in the engineering educations, lessons learned along the way, and visions yet to be realised.
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| 11. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The Pedagogical Developers Initiative – Changing Educational Practices and Strengthening CDIO skills
- 2015
-
Ingår i: <em>Proceedings of the 11th International CDIO Conference, Chengdu, China, June 8-11 2015</em>.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper put emphasis on change agents within the universities and how local initiatives can be systematically approached and ramped up. Rooted in the challenges and constraints that have been addressed in past educational program initiatives, the case consists of specific focus areas to leverage impact. Universities continuously strives to provide the best conditions for an inspiring and prosperous learning environment, and to provide educational programs with teaching of excellent educational quality. KTH is no exception and therefore the university management has initiated a pedagogical program starting in 2014. One of the first thing initiated within the framework of this pedagogical program is the creation of a group of 24 pedagogical developers.The focus for the pedagogical developers is to facilitate the opportunities for KTHs faculty to work together and create consensus on educational development in different teaching teams. This paper presents the University's pedagogical developers' initiative as a whole and how this has been outlined in detail to reach specific redesign targets. The School of Industrial Engineering and Management pedagogical group consists of five practicing teachers that besides this new role also engage heavily in various courses of the School's departments. Since the pedagogical initiative is aligned with several important CDIO aspects, e.g. the learning environment, formats of formative feedback, assessment and examination there is also importance to reassure this in the existing Master level programs.At KTH the five-year comprehensive Master of Science in Engineering programs concern distinct vocational educations in which the CDIO aspects are very important. At the same time the programs has been divided in a basic level (B.Sc. in Engineering) of three years and a advanced level (M.Sc.) of two years. This has for instance made it harder to align the progression between first cycle level and second cycle level regarding for instance the CDIO efforts (e.g. oral and written communication, teamwork). This paper will therefore discuss and enhance how the pedagogical programme, we as pedagogical developers, can support and strengthen the initiation and implementation of the CDIO aspects in the education.
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| 12. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The pedagogical developers initiative - development, implementation and lessons learned from a systematic approach to faculty development
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th International CDIO Conference, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland, June 12-16, 2016. - : Turku University. - 9789522166104 ; , s. 497-508
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a systematic, university--wide approach to creating an encompassing movement towards faculty development. In 2014, KTH Royal Institute of Technology launched the pedagogical developers initiative, appointing part--time pedagogical developers among teachers from all schools of KTH, to implement and strengthen good teaching and learning practices among faculty and students. They are teachers active in different educational programmes, with experience of, and interest in, pedagogical issues. In line with CDIO standard 10, the purpose of the pedagogical developers’ initiative is to facilitate cooperation and knowledge exchange between faculty members, and to establish communities of practice. The paper presents the activities, processes for developing these activities and preliminary results from the initiative’s second year, which focused much on supporting faculty development by putting into place a series of workshops, a format chosen for its combination of active community-building learning and time efficiency. The topics of the workshops emerged to meet faculty needs identified by the pedagogical developers during the first year. The workshops were created by smaller teams of pedagogical developers from different schools of KTH. This enabled a wide array of experiences and perspectives to be incorporated into the workshops. Main focuses of the workshops have been on creating internal discussions in dynamic communities of practice on specific subjects of interest, and on creating forums for exchange of ideas, open to the whole faculty. During Autumn 2015, the workshops have been offered as voluntary add-on parts of the basic course in teaching and learning offered to faculty at KTH. This first round of workshops generated a positive interest from teachers, and participant feedback indicates that they particularly appreciated the opportunity to work directly with their own courses and the opportunity to discuss pedagogical aspects with peers.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Berglund, B, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Blood Pass project.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 17:3, s. 292-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manipulation of the blood's oxygen carrying capacity (CaO(2)) through reinfusion of red blood cells, injections of recombinant erythropoietin or by other means results in an increased maximal oxygen uptake and concomitantly enhanced endurance performance. Therefore, there is a need to establish a system--"A Blood Pass"--through which such illegal and unethical methods can be detected. Venous blood samples were taken under standardized conditions from 47 male and female Swedish national and international elite endurance athletes four times during the athletic year of the individual sport (beginning and end of the preparation period and at the beginning and during peak performance in the competition period). In these samples, different hematological values were determined. ON(hes) and OFF(hre) values were calculated according to the formula of Gore et al. A questionnaire regarding training at altitude, alcohol use and other important factors for hematological status was answered by the athletes. There were some individual variations comparing hematological values obtained at different times of the athletic year or at the same time in the athletic year but in different years. However, the median values of all individual hematological, ON(hes) and OFF(hre), values taken at the beginning and the end of the preparation or at the beginning and the end of the competition period, respectively, as well as median values for the preparation and competition periods in the respective sport, were all within the 95% confidence limit (CI) of each comparison. It must be mentioned that there was no gender difference in this respect. This study shows that even if there are some individual variations in different hematological values between different sampling times in the athletic year, median values of important hematological factors are stable over time. It must be emphasized that for each blood sample, the 95% CI in each athlete will be increasingly narrower. The conclusion is that there is a physiological basis for establishing an individual-based "Blood Pass" system, mainly for athletes competing at the international level. On indications of manipulations of hemoglobin concentration and red cell mass by deviations from established "Blood Pass" data, more specific methods can be applied.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Berglund, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Summary of comparative effectiveness.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proposal for the Inclusion of Methadone in the Who Model List of Essential Medicines. ; , s. 13-22
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
- Berglund, Staffan K., et al.
(författare)
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Marginally low birth weight increases the risk of underweight and short stature at three and a half years of age
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 105:6, s. 610-617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: Little is known about the long-term health of marginally low birth weight (LBW) children. This study characterised growth among infants weighing 2,000g-2,500g and explored the prevalence and predictors of sustained growth restriction.METHOD: This prospective observational trial followed the weight and height of 281 Swedish marginally LBW children from birth to 3.5 years of age. Children with a standard deviation score (SDS) for body mass index or height below -2 were considered underweight and short respectively.RESULTS: The mean SDS for weight and height showed a rapid increase before 12-19 weeks of age. The most rapid weight gain was in infants born small for gestational age. However, at 3.5 years of age, 9.5% of the children remained underweight and 6.5% had short stature. Regression models showed that slow weight gain before 19 weeks of age was the strongest predictor for lasting underweight, while slow height gain before 19 weeks of age and male sex were associated with short stature.CONCLUSION: Marginally LBW infants were more likely to be underweight and have a short stature at 3.5 years of age and the absence of catch-up growth during the first five months after birth identified those at highest risk.
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| 19. |
- Gong, Liang, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Development of virtual reality support to factory layout planning
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1955-2505 .- 1955-2513. ; 13:3, s. 935-945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Virtual reality (VR) technology has become ever mature today with affordable and yet powerful hardware. In the manufacturing industry, there is a growing interest of adopting VR to improve existing work procedures. Factory layout planning (FLP) is a long standing area in production engineering that sees great potentials of VR integration. Virtual reality supported layout planning (VLP) is gaining wider attention in research and practice as the virtual environment allows designers to test out “what if” scenarios in relative ease. However, previous research of VLP mostly focus on general layout planning but not the detailed level planning. Also, it is reported that the virtual modeling process is time-consuming and costly. In this study, we propose a point cloud based virtual factory modelling approach for the VLP tasks. It incorporates point cloud representation of physical environment with CAD data to model the virtual factory with the aims of simplifying the modelling process and improving decision-making for the VLP tasks. The proposed approach is exemplified and refined through three industrial cases. The implementations and results of the cases are highlighted and discussed in details. At the end, a general guidance for VLP is extracted and presented for future point cloud based VR support in FLP tasks.
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| 20. |
- Hjerpe, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Utsläpp av växthusgaser från torvmark
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dikad torvmark i Sverige avgav sammanlagt drygt 11,4 miljoner ton koldioxidekvivalenter år 2012, enligt den senaste klimatrapporteringen. Denna mängd kan jämföras med de totala svenska utsläppen av växthusgaser, som beräknades uppgå till 57,6 miljoner ton koldioxidekvivalenter samma år. En åtgärd som skulle kunna minska utsläppen av växthusgaser från dikad torvmark är att återställa marken till våtmark, vilket minskar avgången av koldioxid och lustgas från marken. Samtidigt ökar avgången av metan, men minskningen av koldioxid- och lustgasutsläppen är större, vilket innebär att utsläppen av växthusgaser från marken totalt sett minskar. Om de ekonomiska resurserna för att återställa dikad torvmark till våtmark är begränsade bör man i första hand återställa dikade torvmarker som är stora källor för växthusgaser till våtmark. Studier av växthusgasutsläpp från dikade torvmarker som används för skogsproduktion visar att näringsrika och väldränerade marker är större källor för växthusgaser än näringsfattigare, fuktigare marker. Vi bedömer därför att det ur ett klimatperspektiv är viktigast att återställa dikad skogsmark med en kol:kväve-kvot under 25 som är frisk-fuktig eller torrare. Dikad torvmark som används för naturbete avger mindre växthusgaser än åkermark på dikad torvmark och därför är det viktigare att återställa åkermark till våtmark. Avgången av växthusgaser varierar mycket mellan olika åkrar på dikad torvmark. Det är dock inte möjligt att identifiera åkrar på dikad torvmark som är stora källor för växthusgaser utifrån markfuktighet eller kol:kväve-kvot, och inte heller utifrån några andra faktorer som är enkla att mäta. Detta beror sannolikt på att åkermarken generellt är så pass väldränerad och näringsrik att varken syreeller kvävetillgången är begränsande för avgången av koldioxid och lustgas. I ett längre tidsperspektiv kommer dikad torvmark att avge koldioxid och lustgas så länge det finns ett syresatt torvlager. Därför bedömer vi att det är viktigast att återställa dikad åkermark med tjockt torvlager till våtmark. Därtill bör mark som inte längre aktivt brukas prioriteras framför mark som fortfarande är i bruk. Utsläppen av växthusgaser verkar inte automatiskt minska när brukandet upphör och även om marken sannolikt kommer att försumpas på sikt, vilket innebär att utsläppen av växthusgaser minskar, kan det ta väldigt lång tid. Dessutom borde kostnaderna för att återställa marken till våtmark i genomsnitt bli lägre om marken inte längre används. Hur mycket avgången av växthusgaser minskar när dikad torvmark återställs till våtmark beror inte bara på hur stor avgången av växthusgaser från den dikade marken var utan också på hur stor avgången från den anlagda våtmarken blir. Utsläppen från våtmarken påverkas av hur den anläggs och sköts. För att våtmarken ska avge så lite växthusgaser som möjligt bör grundvattennivån höjas så mycket att förhållandena före dikningen återskapas. Om våtmarken anläggs på mark som använts för jordbruksproduktion bör dessutom vegetationen tas bort före återställandet. Anläggning av våtmarker kan också ge andra nyttor – våtmarkerna kan bland annat gynna biologisk mångfald och minska näringsläckaget till våra sjöar och vattendrag. När en våtmark ska anläggas och skötas behöver man ta hänsyn till alla dessa aspekter så att våtmarken ger så stor nytta som möjligt.
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| 21. |
- Kjellgren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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The Pedagogical Developers Initiative – Sustainable Impact of Falling into Oblivion?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th International CDIO Conference. - Kanazawa : Kanazawa Institute of Technology. ; , s. 738-747
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Between 2014-16, KTH Royal Institute of Technology set aside considerable resources in its biggest pedagogical project to date, the Pedagogical Developers Initiative. The project has been continuously reported on at recent CDIO conferences. While aimed primarily at CDIO Standard 10, enhancement of faculty teaching competence, the project managed, by design as much as through accident, to strengthen many CDIO standards and syllabus items. With the conclusion of the project, the constructive practices and ideas that emerged from the initiative were meant to be incorporated into the regular operations of the university, a task that was delegated to each of KTH’s ten schools. However, even though KTH officially labelled the project a success, the schools have taken a non-uniform approach to this endeavour, as they indeed had done to the project as a whole during its duration. Following up on our earlier reports, and primarily using data from interviews and our own observations, the paper looks at which of the initiative’s ideas and practices have survived the end of the project, in what forms, by what means, and what insights and lessons one can draw from this when designing mechanisms for continuous and sustainable improvement of pedagogical practices at a technical university.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Wallsten, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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To prospect an urban mine - assessing the metal recovery potential of infrastructure "cold spots" in Norrkoping, Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 55, s. 103-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In conventional mining, prospecting methods are used to increase the degree of certainty with regard to the stock of metals. Similarly, prospecting in terms of "urban mining" aims to increase the information about metal stocks available for recovery in the built environment. Infrastructure systems, such as for power supply and heating, are rich in copper, aluminum and iron (including steel). For a number of reasons, pipes and cables remain in the ground after being taken out of use or disconnected. This is also true for entire obsolete systems. In this paper, these infrastructures "cold spots" are viewed as hibernating stock with a significant potential for urban mining. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThe infrastructure systems for AC and DC power, telecommunication, town gas and district heating in the city of Norrkoping, Sweden, have been quantified and spatially allocated with a GIS-based approach of Material Flow Analysis (MFA). About 20% of the total stock of aluminum and copper in these systems is found to be in hibernation. The findings also indicate that cables have been disconnected to a larger extent than pipes. As an example, cables for DC power, taken out of use in the late 1930s yet still in the ground, consist of 230 tonnes of copper. The results illustrate a clear tendency for larger stocks of hibernating copper and aluminum to be found in the central rather than the outer parts of the city. A reverse, ring-like pattern is true for iron, mostly because the central parts of the town gas pipes are used for fiber optics. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanParticular focus has been placed on the industrial area of Sodra Butangen, which is slated for redevelopment and re-zoning from industrial to residential. Since the ground will be dug up for sanitation purposes anyway, the entire metal stock can be taken into prospecting consideration. Analysis shows that the chances of finding aluminum here are 28 times higher than in the rest of the city. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanWe argue for an increased MFA focus on the heterogeneous complexity found in the details of the specific locale, rather than striving for generalized assumptions about the broader picture. In doing so, MFA could very well provide a tool for a future business line of urban mining of hibernating metal stocks.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Aasa, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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A characterisation of pain, disability, kinesiophobia and physical capacity in patients with predominantly peripherally mediated mechanical low back pain
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy. - 0031-9406 .- 1873-1465. ; 97:Suppl. 1, s. eS18-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The specific objectives were to: 1) describe the level of pain intensity, disability, activity limitation, kinesiophobia and physical capacity in patients with predominantly peripherally mediated mechanical back pain, and 2) investigate whether differences between these patients in physical and psychosocial factors can be distinguished when the patients are further sub-grouped.Relevance: To improve assessment among patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) it is important to investigate the prevalence of physical and psychosocial features in homogenous sub-groups.Participants: Seventy-one patients with CLBP, 20-60 years old, with peripherally mediated mechanical pain at the the moment for the study, were included and each patient was sub-classified into one of five sub-groups based on their pain behaviour and functional movement pattern (flexion n=20, flexion/lateral shift, n=11, active extension n=23 , passive extension n=8, and multidirectional pattern n=9).Methods: Data on pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), disability (the Roland and Morris Questionnaire), activity limitation (the Patient Specific Functional Scale), kinesiophobia (the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia) and physical capacity (lifting capacity and trunk extensor endurance) was collected.Analysis: Mean and standard deviation for parametric and median and interquartile range for non-parametric data were used for descriptive statistics. One-way ANOVA for normally distributed data and Kruskal-Wallis for non-normally distributed data were used for analyses of differences between the sub-groups. The subjects were also divided into two age-groups (20-40 and 41-60 years) and measures of physical capacity were compared to women and men at the ages of 34 and 50, respectively, in the general Swedish population using one sample T-test.Results: The patients reported low to moderate pain intensity (3.1/10±2.4), disability (RMDQ (7.27/24 ±4.2) and kinesiophobia (33.4/68 ±7) and these levels were lower than reported levels in other studies including more heterogenous groups of patients with CLBP. The patiens reported activity limitations (PSFS 13/30±23). Lifting capacity and trunk extensor endurance were significantly lower than in the general population in the youngest age-group. No significant differences in pain intensity, disability, kinesiophobia or physical capacity were found between the sub-groups.Conclusions: This research highlights that patients with predominantly peripherally mediated mechanical back pain may differ from other sub-groups of patients with CLBP (e.g., patients with central sensitization as dominating pain mechanism) regarding physical and psychosocial factors. The individual variation in pain intensity, disability, kinesiophbia and physical capacity among the patients indicates the importance to assess these factors in every patient. Due to the fact that there were few patients in the sub-groups, further research is necessary to explore whether there are differences, that we were not able to disingjish, between patients with different movement patterns.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Aasa, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Individualized low-load motor control exercises and education versus a high-load lifting exercise and education to improve activity, pain intensity, and physical performance in patients with low back pain : a randomized controlled trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. - : Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT). - 0190-6011 .- 1938-1344. ; 45:2, s. 77-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Design Randomized controlled trial. Background Low back pain is a common disorder. Patients with low back pain frequently have aberrant and pain-provocative movement patterns that often are addressed with motor control exercises. Objective To compare the effects of low-load motor control (LMC) exercise and those of a high-load lifting (HLL) exercise. Methods Seventy participants with recurrent low back pain, who were diagnosed with nociceptive mechanical pain as their dominating pain pattern, were randomized to either LMC or HLL exercise treatments. Participants were offered 12 treatment sessions over an 8-week period. All participants were also provided with education regarding pain mechanisms. Methods Participants were assessed prior to and following treatment. The primary outcome measures were activity (the Patient-Specific Functional Scale) and average pain intensity over the last 7 days (visual analog scale). The secondary outcome measure was a physical performance test battery that included 1 strength, 3 endurance, and 7 movement control tests for the lumbopelvic region. Results Both interventions resulted in significant within-group improvements in pain intensity, strength, and endurance. The LMC group showed significantly greater improvement on the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (4.2 points) compared with the HLL group (2.5 points) (P<.001). There were no significant between-group differences in pain intensity (P = .505), strength, and 1 of the 3 endurance tests. However, the LMC group showed an increase (from 2.9 to 5.9) on the movement control test subscale, whereas the HLL group showed no change (from 3.9 to 3.1) (P<.001). Conclusion An LMC intervention may result in superior outcomes in activity, movement control, and muscle endurance compared to an HLL intervention, but not in pain intensity, strength, or endurance.
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| 40. |
- Aasa, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Krafttag ska stoppa styrkelyftarnas skador
- 2015
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Ingår i: Svensk idrottsforskning. - : Centrum för idrottsforskning. - 1103-4629 .- 2002-3944. ; :4, s. 29-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 41. |
- Agewall, S, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple risk intervention trial in high risk hypertensive men: comparison of ultrasound intima-media thickness and clinical outcome during 6 years of follow-up
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 249:1, s. 305-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The objective was to analyse whether a favourable change in risk factors, caused by a comprehensive risk factor modification programme, affected intima-media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid artery, and whether any such change was associated with a change in cardiovascular events during a 6-year follow-up. DESIGN: Patients were randomized 1 : 1 to special intervention or usual care. SETTING: Hypertension Unit at university hospital. SUBJECTS: A total of 164 patients were randomized. Inclusion criteria were male, aged 50-72 years (at randomization) and one or more of the following: Serum cholesterol level > 6.5 mmol L(-1), smoking or diabetes mellitus. All patients were prescribed antihypertensive treatment since many years. In 142 men good quality ultrasound recording of the common carotid IMT were achieved at baseline, 119 were re-examined after 3.3 years, and 97 patients were available for examination after mean follow-up time of 6.2 years. Cardiovascular events were available for all randomized patients. INTERVENTIONS: The nonpharmacological special intervention programme was based on one information meeting followed by five weekly 2-h sessions with participation of patients and spouses. The diet recommendations were similar to established guidelines. Overweight patients were instructed to lose weight, and diabetic patients were systematically taught self-monitoring of blood glucose. Smokers were invited to a smoking cessation programme with five weekly meetings. Follow-up visits were thereafter scheduled every 6 months. Lipid lowering drugs were recommended in the intervention group if the treatment goals using nonpharmacological measures were not achieved. Patients in the usual care group were told to quit smoking and to lower their consumption of fat and glucose. Antihypertensive treatment (i.e., selection of drugs) was on purpose kept similar in the two groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The IMT of the common carotid artery as measured by ultrasound. Cardiovascular events during follow-up. RESULTS: Significant net reductions were seen for serum cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose and smoking. No difference in change in IMT was observed during follow-up between the two randomization groups. The explanation was that patients with positive plaque status at baseline had a much larger increase in IMT over time than patients with negative plaque status, and that patients with positive plaque status more often survived and were available for re-examination after 6 years in the intervention group than in the usual care group. Total mortality was lower in the intervention group, compared with the usual care group, 13 and 29%, respectively (P=0.028). CONCLUSIONS: In high risk populations, long-term studies with surrogate endpoints may be misleading because of missing data in patients where a large increase in IMT would have been observed, had they been re-examined. Another important conclusion from our study was that the gloomy prognosis for this patient category may be improved by a dedicated risk factor intervention programme. The improved prognosis was observed mainly in those patients at highest risk judged from history of cardiovascular disease or positive ultrasound plaque status at baseline.
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| 42. |
- Ahlström, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Genom livet i den långsamma filen
- 2005
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Ingår i: Arkeologi och naturvetenskap : Gyllenstiernska Krapperupstiftelsens Symposium Nr 6 År 2003 - Gyllenstiernska Krapperupstiftelsens Symposium Nr 6 År 2003. - 1100-7095. - 9187944146 ; 6, s. 215-234
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 43. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-contamination risks in sediment-based resurrection studies of phytoplankton
- 2022
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography Letters. - : Wiley. - 2378-2242. ; 8:2, s. 376-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resurrection studies can answer some fundamental questions in aquatic ecology and evolutionary biology. For phytoplankton resting stages, longevity of thousands to millions of years has recently been reported. However, contamination during sediment sampling could distort these estimates, and this risk has not been systematically evaluated. Here we used 4.5 mu m diameter microspheres to quantify contamination while reviving the resting stages of seven abundant estuarine diatom and cyanobacterial taxa. We observed a sharp decline in resting stages abundance from 10(6) (g wet sediment)(-1) at the surface to < 0.8 (g wet sediment)(-1) at 12.5 cm depth. Added microspheres (similar to 4.5 x 10(7) cm(-2)) were translocated even deeper down the sediment and could well explain the vertical distributions and abundances of revived cells. Without this control, we could have claimed to have revived seven multi-decades to centennial-old taxa. Our findings suggest that improved contamination controls are needed for sediment core sampling of rare cells, microfossils, or DNA molecules.
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| 44. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in metal tolerance among strains, populations, and species of marine diatoms – Importance of exponential growth for quantification
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 The Author(s) Strains of microalgae vary in traits between species and populations due to adaptation or stochastic processes. Traits of individual strains may also vary depending on the acclimatization state and external forces, such as abiotic stress. In this study we tested how metal tolerance differs among marine diatoms at three organizational levels: species, populations, and strains. At the species level we compared two pelagic Baltic Sea diatoms (Skeletonema marinoi and Thalassiosira baltica). We found that the between-species differences in tolerance (EC50) to the biologically active metals (Cu, Co, Ni, and Zn) was similar to that within-species. In contrast, the two species differed significantly in tolerance towards the non-essential metals, Ag (three-fold higher in T. baltica), Pb and Cd (two and three-fold higher in S. marinoi). At the population level, we found evidence that increased tolerance against Cu and Co (17 and 41 % higher EC50 on average, respectively) had evolved in a S. marinoi population subjected to historical mining activity. On a strain level we demonstrate how the growth phase of cultures (i.e., cellular densities above exponential growth) modulated dose-response relationships to Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, and Zn. Specifically, the EC50's were reduced by 10–60 % in non-exponentially growing S. marinoi (strain RO5AC), depending on metal. For the essential metals these differences were often larger than the average differences between the two species and populations. Consequently, without careful experimental design, interactions between nutrient limitation and metal stress may interfere with detection of small, but evolutionary and ecologically important, differences in tolerance between microalgae. To avoid such artifacts, we outline a semi-continuous cultivation approach that maintains, and empirically tests, that exponential growth is achieved. We argue that such an approach is essential to enable comparison of population or strain differences in tolerance using dose-response tests on cultures of microalgae.
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| 45. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Intraspecific variation in metal tolerance modulate competition between two marine diatoms
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ISME Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-7362 .- 1751-7370. ; 16, s. 511-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite widespread metal pollution of coastal ecosystems, little is known of its effect on marine phytoplankton. We designed a co-cultivation experiment to test if toxic dose–response relationships can be used to predict the competitive outcome of two species under metal stress. Specifically, we took into account intraspecific strain variation and selection. We used 72 h dose–response relationships to model how silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) affect both intraspecific strain selection and competition between taxa in two marine diatoms (Skeletonema marinoi and Thalassiosira baltica). The models were validated against 10-day co-culture experiments, using four strains per species. In the control treatment, we could predict the outcome using strain-specific growth rates, suggesting low levels of competitive interactions between the species. Our models correctly predicted which species would gain a competitive advantage under toxic stress. However, the absolute inhibition levels were confounded by the development of chronic toxic stress, resulting in a higher long-term inhibition by Cd and Cu. We failed to detect species differences in average Cu tolerance, but the model accounting for strain selection accurately predicted a competitive advantage for T. baltica. Our findings demonstrate the importance of incorporating multiple strains when determining traits and when performing microbial competition experiments.
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| 46. |
- Andersson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Strain-specific metabarcoding reveals rapid evolution of copper tolerance in populations of the coastal diatom Skeletonema marinoi
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytoplankton have short generation times, flexible reproduction strategies, large population sizes and high standing genetic diversity, traits that should facilitate rapid evolution under directional selection. We quantified local adaptation of copper tolerance in a population of the diatom Skeletonema marinoi from a mining-exposed inlet in the Baltic Sea and in a non-exposed population 100 km away. We hypothesized that mining pollution has driven evolution of elevated copper tolerance in the impacted population of S. marinoi. Assays of 58 strains originating from sediment resting stages revealed no difference in the average tolerance to copper between the two populations. However, variation within populations was greater at the mining site, with three strains displaying hyper-tolerant phenotypes. In an artificial evolution experiment, we used a novel intraspecific metabarcoding locus to track selection and quantify fitness of all 58 strains during co-cultivation in one control and one toxic copper treatment. As expected, the hyper-tolerant strains enabled rapid evolution of copper tolerance in the mining-exposed population through selection on available strain diversity. Within 42 days, in each experimental replicate a single strain dominated (30%–99% abundance) but different strains dominated the different treatments. The reference population developed tolerance beyond expectations primarily due to slowly developing plastic response in one strain, suggesting that different modes of copper tolerance are present in the two populations. Our findings provide novel empirical evidence that standing genetic diversity of phytoplankton resting stage allows populations to evolve rapidly (20–50 generations) and flexibly on timescales relevant for seasonal bloom progressions.
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| 47. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Trestad2 : Storstädernas satsning mot cannabis : delrapport för tiden jan 2012 - sep 2013.
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en halvtidsdokumentation av den storstadssatsning som mellan 2012 och 2014 genomförs i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö med syfte att minska användande av cannabis hos unga. Författarna till rapporten är medlemmar av den övergripande forskargrupp som utsetts av de tre medverkande storstäderna för att följa, dokumentera och utvärdera projektet som helhet. Den övergripande forskargruppen kommer att presentera sin slutrapport sommaren/hösten 2014. Halvtidsdokumentationen avser perioden från januari 2012 till september 2013 och har tillkommit på initiativ av den övergripande forskargruppen för att dokumentera storstadssatsningens förlopp samt för att skapa ett underlag som kan användas såväl under den återstående projekttiden, som vid slutrapportering av hela storstadssatsningen. Rapporten presenterades på ett seminarium med de tre medverkande städerna i Malmö den 3 februari 2014.
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| 48. |
- Andersson, Jon, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Impact Assessment for Manufacturing: Data Requirements for a Simulation-Based Approach
- 2012
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Ingår i: Swedish Production Symposium. - 9789175197524 ; , s. 151-160
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The environmental footprint of products is an increasingly important measure for companies working to improve their sustainability performance, and the same measure has also become popular for marketing purposes. As a result, the demand for environmental product declarations and, thus, life cycle assessment (LCA) projects grows. To reap the full benefit from LCA studies in production systems analysis, LCA has more frequently been complemented with simulation of production flows (i.e. discrete event simulation) during the latest decade. Several examples of the DES-LCA combination in recent literature report substantial potential and successful implementations. However, a common problem is to establish efficient and credible procedures for collecting, analyzing, and representing the extensive amounts of input data required. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide recommendations for the management of environmental data in sustainability simulations. A review of seven previous DES-LCA projects provides a list of common sustainability parameters and experiences on how they should be collected and represented in simulation models. An important result is that deterministic representations appear to be enough for data not directly linked to production time. This finding makes it possible to replace time-consuming data gathering with collection of secondary data from public databases.
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| 49. |
- Andersson, Jon, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Framework for Ecolabeling using Discrete Event Simulation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2012 spring simulation multiconference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecolabled products have shown a competitive advantage to other products. Regulatory changes and market pressure creates an increased need for environmental impact assessments. The dominating method for environmental impact assessments - life cycle assessment (LCA) lacks support to properly analyze the dynamic aspects of business operations and production processes. This Paper proposes to use discrete event simulation to support more extensive and detailed environmental assessments on selected parts of the production process, keeping simplicity for parts of less importance and interest.
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| 50. |
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