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| 2. |
- Bergman, Bo, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Kvalitet i alla led, 3:e fullständigt omarbetade utgåvan
- 2021
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I boken diskuteras begreppen ”kvalitet”, ”kund” och ”produkt” samt hur synen på kvalitet och kvalitetsarbete förändrats i dagens affärs- och samhällslandskap. Vi presenterar också begreppet ”offensiv kvalitetsutveckling” som utgör bas i bokens framställning och de värderingar som är viktiga för att skapa en framgångsrik organisationskultur. En organisations hela kjedja av processer och aktiviteter från kundundersökningar till kundtillfredställelse behandlas. Ständig förbättring är ett viktigt perspektiv i boken. Såväl arbetssätt som specifika verktyg diskuteras i ett organisatoriskt sammanhang med många tillämpningsexempel från industri och samhälle. En viktig avslutande del av boken behandlar hållbarhets och klimatfrågor med ett vidgat synsätt på begreppet kvalitet.
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| 10. |
- Barone, Stefano, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Focus on failure avoidance and risk reduction through Variation Mode and Effect Analysis (VMEA)
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2009 Spring Research Conference on Statistics in Industry and Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Variation Mode and Effect Analysis (VMEA) is a quality improvement tool initially thought to help product development engineers focusing on variation. The method was inspired by the wide use of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) in business and industry and the increased attention on robust design. However, FMEA is based on the concept of failure while VMEA is developed on the concept of variation, i.e. it implies a step further toward the awareness of variation and its implications in terms of risk and failures. VMEA helps identifying, scrutinizing and measuring the sources of variation and the way they channel through and impact on important characteristics of the system under study. Applied systematically, it provides a solid basis for achieving system robustness. Three VMEA procedures have been set up for use at different system maturity levels. Several applications have been made over the last five years showing the usefulness of the tool for both product and process (here including also service) improvement. This presentation is aimed at giving an overview of the VMEA method and its possible ways/areas of use in the entire product/process development.
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| 11. |
- Barone, Stefano, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Statistical-Based Tolerance Setting by Eliciting the Loss Function Reasoning
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceeedings of the ENBIS Conference 2009.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An issue still open in the statistical-engineering literature concerns the tolerance allocation, i.e. the setting of admitted limits for critical characteristics or performances of interest of the system under study. A common approach to tolerance allocation is based on the idea of Loss function initially developed by Taguchi. Unfortunately, some obstacles prevent from a full exploitation of the Taguchi approach, since despite its clarity and elegance, it is poorly operational. Based on Taguchi’s proposal, researchers have been more concerned on developing different analytical models of loss function than clarifying the reasoning behind the loss function idea. So there is a missing link for a complete interpretation and debate on the loss function.In this paper the authors provide a method to operatively build loss functions from field data and to finally set tolerance limits, starting from an elicitation of the rationale hidden behind the loss function concept. An illustrative example completes the paper.
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| 12. |
- Bergman, Bo, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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An Emerging Science of Improvement in Health Care
- 2015
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Ingår i: Quality Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-4222 .- 0898-2112. ; 27:1, s. 17-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to describe the emerging science of improvement in health care and to add a perspective from the industrial quality improvement movement, the use of data from quality registers, and to give some personal reflections and suggestions. Furthermore, we want to introduce to the broader quality management community what is happening in healthcare with respect to quality improvement. We will discuss some of the challenges of the health care system and the current status of a science ofimprovement and give some suggestions for further improvements to the area.We discuss a possible extension of improvement knowledge and thetheoretical and practical arsenal of a science of improvement, in particular, understanding variation and implications for the use of, for, example controlcharts. In addition, the normative side of a science of improvement is discussed. The article ends with some brief reflections of use for future research agendas.
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| 13. |
- Bergman, Bo, 1943
(författare)
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Conceptualistic Pragmatism: A framework for Bayesian analysis?
- 2009
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Ingår i: IIE Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0740-817X .- 1545-8830. ; 41:1, s. 86-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper argues for an extended framework for the subjectivist approach to statistical decision making — the judgements made for deriving a likelihood function should be carefully reflected upon. The Harvard professor of philosophy Clarence I. Lewis did offer a philosophical action-oriented framework for this type of reflection. The philosophy of Lewis has very much influenced the originators of the quality movement. This constitutes an interesting link between two important learning-oriented approaches in the current statistical discourse—the subjectivist theory of statistical inference and the quality movement with its focus on continuous improvements.
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| 14. |
- Bergman, Bo, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Five main processes in healthcare: a citizen perspective
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMJ Quality and Safety. - : BMJ. - 2044-5415 .- 2044-5423. ; 20:SUPPL. 1, s. I41-I42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A citizen point of view on the healthcare system, its processes and their improvement is emphasised. From this point of view, five main processes are identified: Keeping Healthy, Detecting Health Problems, Diagnosing Diseases, Treating Diseases and Providing for a Good End of Life. The citizen should be looked upon as a cocreator of value and improvement of these processes.
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| 15. |
- Bergman, Bo, 1943
(författare)
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From process management towards dynamic capability
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta medica academica. - : Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina. - 1840-2879 .- 1840-1848. ; 45:2, s. 175-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Bergman, Bo, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Global perspectives on quality in education (II)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal for Quality and Participation. - 1040-9602. ; 4:3, s. 22-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the second installment in a series of articles that outline the global perspec- tive related to quality in education. These articles, written by the Quality in Education Think Tank of the International Academy for Quality, address the overall field of quality in education, setting common ground for further reflection and guid- ance based on a collection of international inputs from quality and education experts. The thoughts represent authors from different backgrounds and four distinct continents, who all share a passion for promoting quality in education
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| 19. |
- Bergman, Bo, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Global perspectives on quality in education (III)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal for Quality and Participation. - 1040-9602. ; 41:4, s. 33-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thoughts and experiences of educators related to quality and change: This is the third and final installment in a series of articles that outline the global perspec-tive related to quality in education. These articles, written by the Quality in Education Think Tank of the International Academy for Quality, address the overall field of quality in education, setting common ground for further reflection and guid- ance based on a collection of international inputs from quality and education experts. The thoughts represent authors from different backgrounds and four distinct continents, who all share a passion for promoting quality in education
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| 22. |
- Bergman, Bo, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Rejoinder
- 2015
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Ingår i: Quality Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1532-4222 .- 0898-2112. ; 27:1, s. 41-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors agree that operations management is a discipline of great importance to a science of improvement in health care. They also believe that action research (AR) aiming for sustainable system changes and also providing a more beneficial context for process improvements is an important and fruitful way forward. AR is an approach to inquiry where the researcher(s) engage in collaborative communities with practitioners on an equal grounding. The role of the patient as a co-producer illuminates the importance of person-centered care, where patients and health care professionals collaborate on stated care plans. When the patient is included in the care plan as an equal partner there can be room for increased self-management and empowered patients contributing to safe care. In conclusion, the authors agree with Does and colleagues about the importance of operations management and its different practices.
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| 23. |
- Bergman, Bo, 1943
(författare)
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Stationary replacement strategies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Statistics Quality and Reliability.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 24. |
- Bergman, Bo, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Ständig förbättring och dess rötter i pragmatismen
- 2007
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Ingår i: Elg, M., Gautherau, V., Witell, L. (2007). Att Lyckas med Förbättringsarbete - Förbättra, Förändra, Förnya. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Bergman, Bo, 1943
(författare)
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Total Time on Test Plots
- 2007
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Statistics Quality and Reliability.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Chakhunashvili, Alexander, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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An EWMA Solution to Detect Shifts in a Bernoulli Process in an Out-of-Control Environment
- 2006
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Ingår i: Quality and Reliability Engineering International. - : Wiley. - 1099-1638 .- 0748-8017. ; 22:4, s. 419-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart has mainly been used to monitor continuous data, usually under the normality assumption. In addition, a number of EWMA control charts have been proposed for Poisson data. Here, however, we suggest applying the EWMA to hypergeometric data originating from a multivariate Bernoulli process. The problem studied in this paper concerns the wear-out of electronics testers resulting in unnecessary and costly reparations of electronic units. Assuming that the testing process is in statistical control, although the quality of the tested units is not, we can detect the wear-out of a tester by finding assignable causes of variation in that tester. This reasoning forms the basis of a new EWMA procedure designed to detect shifts in a Bernoulli process in an out-of-control environment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 29. |
- Chakhunashvili, Alexander, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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In weak statistical control?
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage. ; 3:1, s. 91-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Chakhunashvili, Alexander, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Variation Mode and Effect Analysis
- 2004
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Ingår i: Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 2004, Los Angeles, CA.. - 0780382153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 32. |
- Dixon Woods, Mary, et al.
(författare)
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Problems and promises of innovation: why healthcare needs to rethink its love/hate relationship with the new
- 2011
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Innovation is often regarded as uniformly positive. In this paper, we see the role of innovation inquality improvement as more complicated. We identify three known paradoxes of innovation inhealthcare. First, some innovations diffuse rapidly, yet are of unproven value, limited value, or poserisks, while other innovations that could potentially deliver benefits to patients remain slow toachieve uptake. Second, participatory, cooperative approaches may be the best way of achievingsustainable, positive innovation, yet relying solely on such approaches may disrupt positiveinnovation. Third, improvement clearly depends upon change, but change always generates newchallenges. Quality improvement systems may struggle to keep up with the pace of innovation, yetevaluation of innovation is often too narrowly focused to understand the system-wide effects of newpractices or technologies. We propose a new recognition of the problems of innovation, and arguethat new approaches to addressing them are needed.
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| 33. |
- Dixon-Woods, M., et al.
(författare)
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Problems and promises of innovation: why healthcare needs to rethink its love/hate relationship with the new
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMJ Quality and Safety. - : BMJ. - 2044-5415 .- 2044-5423. ; 20:SUPPL. 1, s. I47-I51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovation is often regarded as uniformly positive. This paper shows that the role of innovation in quality improvement is more complicated. The authors identify three known paradoxes of innovation in healthcare. First, some innovations diffuse rapidly, yet are of unproven value or limited value, or pose risks, while other innovations that could potentially deliver benefits to patients remain slow to achieve uptake. Second, participatory, cooperative approaches may be the best way of achieving sustainable, positive innovation, yet relying solely on such approaches may disrupt positive innovation. Third, improvement clearly depends upon change, but change always generates new challenges. Quality improvement systems may struggle to keep up with the pace of innovation, yet evaluation of innovation is often too narrowly focused for the system-wide effects of new practices or technologies to be understood. A new recognition of the problems of innovation is proposed and it is argued that new approaches to addressing them are needed.
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| 34. |
- Dolah, R., et al.
(författare)
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Outliers effect in measurement data for T-peel adhesion test using Robust parameter design
- 2014
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Ingår i: Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences and Engineering). - : Penerbit UTM Press. - 0127-9696 .- 2180-3722. ; 68:4, s. 77-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As many researches focused on application of robust design engineering in practical case study, very less concerned on the criticality to data measurement system in parameter design. This paper will emphasize on the importance to be critical to data obtained during experiment. The existence of outliers is often ignored and the impact overlooked, thus endanger the results by producing false alarm and giving completely wrong parameter setting. The optimum condition from the data that contains outliers is compared with the corrected data measurement. The finding presents the indication procedure on how to confirm whether the data is reliable or not for evaluation. The data is unreliable when two main indicators are detected. Firstly, the measurement data plot detects outlier through linear regression analysis as it does not belong on the linear line. Secondly, poor reproducibility presented by estimation and confirmation of signal-to-noise ratio. This failure affects the experimental design and lead to wrong optimum condition. T-peel adhesion test using orthogonal array L9 is done as a case study to elucidate the detection of outlier and outlier effect on optimum condition.
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| 35. |
- Fundin, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The quality dilemma: Combining development and stability
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Series in Operations Research and Management Science. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0884-8289. ; 255, s. 9-33, s. 9-33
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this chapter is to problematize the strategic management of both efficiency and effectiveness through quality management. First, the chapter describes five cases with lessons learned from the dichotomy of efficiency and effectiveness on how quality management could be turned into either a constructive or a destructive dilemma. Then, the history of the quality movement and how it has developed during the last century is discussed briefly. Quality management will be considered in relation to organization theory regarding exploration, exploitation, and dual organizational capabilities. Finally, the chapter concludes with proposals on ways forward for quality management as a strategy for both short-term efficiency and long-term effectiveness and survival.
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| 36. |
- Gremyr, Ida, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretation of Dispersion Effects in a Robust Design Context
- 2009
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Ingår i: Robust Design Methodology for Reliability: Exploring the Effects of Variation and Uncertainty. - Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. - 9780470713945 ; , s. 145-149
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Johannesson, Pär, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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A Robustness Approach to Reliability
- 2013
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Ingår i: Quality and Reliability Engineering International. - : Wiley. - 1099-1638 .- 0748-8017. ; 29:1, s. 17-32
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliability of products is here regarded with respect to failure avoidance rather than probability of failure. To avoid failures,we emphasize variation and suggest some powerful tools for handling failures due to variation. Thus, instead of technicalcalculation of probabilities from data that usually are too weak for correct results, we emphasize the statistical thinking thatputs the designers focus on the critical product functions.Making the design insensitive to unavoidable variation is called robust design and is handled by (i) identification andclassification of variation, (ii) design of experiments to find robust solutions, and (iii) statistically based estimations of propersafety margins.Extensions of the classical failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) are presented. The first extension consists of identifyingfailure modes caused by variation in the traditional bottom–up FMEA analysis. The second variation mode and effect analysis(VMEA) is a top–down analysis, taking the product characteristics as a starting point and analyzing how sensitive thesecharacteristics are to variation.In cases when there is sufficient detailed information of potential failure causes, the VMEA can be applied in its mostadvanced mode, the probabilistic VMEA. Variation is then measured as statistical standard deviations, and sensitivities aremeasured as partial derivatives. This method gives the opportunity to dimension tolerances and safety margins to avoidfailures caused by both unavoidable variation and lack of knowledge regarding failure processes.
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| 39. |
- Johannesson, Pär, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Variation mode and effect analysis: an application to fatigue life prediction
- 2009
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Ingår i: Quality and Reliability Engineering International. - : Wiley. - 0748-8017 .- 1099-1638. ; 25:2, s. 167-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an application of the probabilistic branch of variation mode and effect analysis (VMEA) implemented as a first-order, second-moment reliability method. First order means that the failure function is approximated to be linear around the nominal values with respect to the main influencing variables, while second moment means that only means and variances are taken into account in the statistical procedure. We study the fatigue life of a jet engine component and aim at a safety margin that takes all sources of prediction uncertainties into account. Scatter is defined as random variation due to natural causes, such as non-homogeneous material, geometry variation within tolerances, load variation in usage, and other uncontrolled variations. Other uncertainties are unknown systematic errors, such as model errors in the numerical calculation of fatigue life, statistical errors in estimates of parameters, and unknown usage profile. By treating also systematic errors as random variables, the whole safety margin problem is put into a common framework of second-order statistics. The final estimated prediction variance of the logarithmic life is obtained by summing the variance contributions of all sources of scatter and other uncertainties, and it represents the total uncertainty in the life prediction. Motivated by the central limit theorem, this logarithmic life random variable may be regarded as normally distributed, which gives possibilities to calculate relevant safety margins.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Johansson, Per, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond Root-Cause Analysis
- 2002
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Ingår i: 48th Reliability and Maintainability Symposium.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Korkusuz, Duygu, et al.
(författare)
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Process Capability Analysis for Non-normal Distribution with Lower Specification Limit
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. - 2157-3611 .- 2157-362X. - 9781457707391 ; , s. 1466-1470
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Process capability analysis is an important element of any quality improvement initiative. However, estimating process capability is often problematic when it comes to non-normal distributions since the conventional methods sometimes give misleading results. In this paper, a new method for estimating process capability of non-normal distribution with only lower specification limit is proposed. The proposed method only considers the left tail of thedistribution rather than taking all of the data points. Forestimating the process capability, it employs least squarestechnique and normal approximation to the selectedobservations from the left tail. Here, the proposed method is only tested on lognormal distribution. Simulations and real-world data analysis are used for verification and validation purpose, respectively. An easy and practical guideline is also developed.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Lifvergren, Svante, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Lessons from Sweden’s first large-scale implementation of Six Sigma in healthcare
- 2010
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Ingår i: Operations Management Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1936-9735 .- 1936-9743. ; 3:3-4, s. 117-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Skaraborg Hospital Group (SkaS) has implemented a variety of quality management initiatives in the last 20 years in accordance with its strategy of excelling at quality development to fulfill the needs and expectations of its patients. One such initiative is Six Sigma, which has contributed to more than 40 completed improvement projects. Using an action research approach, this article describes the lessons that were learned from the first 22 Six Sigma projects, completed between 2006 and 2008 and having a success rate of 75%. We further describe how these insights have contributed to other ongoing quality improvement activities at SkaS. In particular, the paper presents some key points not earlier described in other Six Sigma healthcare applications.
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| 46. |
- Lifvergren, Svante, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Online statistical monitoring of critical patient data increases patient safety
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology, Technology Management for a Sustainable Economy, PICMET '08; Cape Town; South Africa; 27 July 2008 through 31 July 2008. - 9781890843175 ; , s. 895-899
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we present an improvement project conducted at a unit responsible for blood thinning treatment at Lidköping hospital in Sweden. The unit coordinates and monitors the treatment of 1200 patients and consists of a heart specialist and five specially trained nurses. Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant (blood thinning) treatment effective for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic events in various clinical contexts. The project started in the autumn of 2005 as an effort to improve the safety of patients receiving blood thinning therapy. The aim was to reduce morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing warfarin treatment. Since there is a strong association between individual variation in the International Normalized Ratio (INR) and patient morbidity/mortality in warfarin treatment, the focus of the project was to reduce variation in the INR value of patients undergoing warfarin treatment as a way to eventually decrease mortality and morbidity. In this application, an IT-solution was developed in 2006, where process INR-values are monitored online and visualized in a control chart, available to all co workers in the process. The IT-solution proved to be critical in order to encourage continuous improvement in the process The data are updated on a daily basis, stimulating reflection and daily improvement. Analyzing and learning from the data, special causes of variation in INR-values have been identified and removed from the process. The treatment process is now stable, in statistical control and patient safety has increased. As a result, the number of INR values within therapeutic range (values between 2.0-3.0) per week increased from 63% (autumn 2005) to 66% May 2006 to 70% December 2007 (latest data).
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Mauléon, Christina, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the epistemological origins of Shewhart’s and Deming’s theory of quality: : Influences from C.I. Lewis’ conceptualistic pragmatism.
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences. - : International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences. - 1756-669X .- 1756-6703. ; 1:2, s. 160-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the epistemological origin of Shewhart's and Deming's ideas in their development of a theory of quality.Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of a literature review.FindingsWalter. A. Shewhart's and W. Edwards Deming's ideas concerning a theory of quality originated not solely from insights about variation within statistics but also from the field of philosophy, particularly epistemology. Shewhart and Deming, both seen as quality pioneers, were strongly influenced by the conceptualistic pragmatist Clarence Irving Lewis and his theory of knowledge. This is, and has often been, a neglected connection; however, in today's competitive business environment knowledge and competence have become crucial success factors. Thus, the epistemology‐related origin of their theory of quality has become increasingly interesting and important to explore. First, a summary version of Clarence Irving Lewis' theory of knowledge will be presented here as expressed in his work Mind and the World Order: Outline of a Theory of Knowledge (1929). Second, examples of some important connections between Lewis, and chosen parts of Shewhart's and Deming's theory of quality will be given, for example the plan‐do‐study‐act cycle, operational definitions and profound knowledge. It will also be indicated how the social element in knowledge is emphasised in the works of Lewis, Deming, and Shewhart.Originality/valueBy exploring the epistemological background of Deming's and Shewhart's ideas of a theory of quality, it might be able to better comprehend the profound ideas they left behind and improve the understanding and use of their theory of quality today.
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| 50. |
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