| 1. |
- Bergman, Lina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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PROVE-Pre-Eclampsia Obstetric Adverse Events: Establishment of a Biobank and Database for Pre-Eclampsia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4409. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The burden of disease lies mainly in low-middle income countries. The aim of this project is to establish a pre-eclampsia biobank in South Africa to facilitate research in the field of pre-eclampsia with a focus on phenotyping severe disease.The approach of our biobank is to collect biological specimens, detailed clinical data, tests, and biophysical examinations, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, MRI of the heart, transcranial Doppler, echocardiography, and cognitive function tests.Women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and normotensive controls are enrolled in the biobank at admission to Tygerberg University Hospital (Cape Town, South Africa). Biological samples and clinical data are collected at inclusion/delivery and during the hospital stay. Special investigations as per above are performed in a subset of women. After two months, women are followed up by telephonic interviews. This project aims to establish a biobank and database for severe organ complications of pre-eclampsia in a low-middle income country where the incidence of pre-eclampsia with organ complications is high. The study integrates different methods to investigate pre-eclampsia, focusing on improved understanding of pathophysiology, prediction of organ complications, and potentially future drug evaluation and discovery.
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| 2. |
- Gaulton, Kyle J, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic fine mapping and genomic annotation defines causal mechanisms at type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 47:12, s. 1415-1415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed fine mapping of 39 established type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci in 27,206 cases and 57,574 controls of European ancestry. We identified 49 distinct association signals at these loci, including five mapping in or near KCNQ1. 'Credible sets' of the variants most likely to drive each distinct signal mapped predominantly to noncoding sequence, implying that association with T2D is mediated through gene regulation. Credible set variants were enriched for overlap with FOXA2 chromatin immunoprecipitation binding sites in human islet and liver cells, including at MTNR1B, where fine mapping implicated rs10830963 as driving T2D association. We confirmed that the T2D risk allele for this SNP increases FOXA2-bound enhancer activity in islet- and liver-derived cells. We observed allele-specific differences in NEUROD1 binding in islet-derived cells, consistent with evidence that the T2D risk allele increases islet MTNR1B expression. Our study demonstrates how integration of genetic and genomic information can define molecular mechanisms through which variants underlying association signals exert their effects on disease.
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| 3. |
- Joubert, Lloyd H., et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema shows myocardial edema with normal left ventricular systolic function
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9378 .- 1097-6868. ; 227:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia complicates approximately 5% of all pregnancies. When pulmonary edema occurs, it accounts for 50% of preeclampsia-related mortality. Currently, there is no consensus on the degree to which left ventricular systolic dysfunction contributes to the development of pulmonary edema. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to use cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to detect subtle changes in left ventricular systolic function and evidence of acute left ventricular dysfunction (through tissue characterization) in women with preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema compared with both preeclamptic and normotensive controls. STUDY DESIGN: Cases were postpartum women aged >= 18 years presenting with preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema. Of note, 2 control groups were recruited: women with preeclampsia without pulmonary edema and women with normotensive pregnancies. All women underwent echocardiography and 1.5T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with native T1 and T2 mapping. Gadolinium contrast was administered to cases only. Because of small sample sizes, a nonparametric test (Kruskal-Wallis) with pairwise posthoc analysis using Bonferroni correction was used to compare the differences between the groups. Cardiac magnetic resonance images were interpreted by 2 independent reporters. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to assess interobserver reliability. RESULTS: Here, 20 women with preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema, 13 women with preeclampsia (5 with severe features and 8 without severe features), and 6 normotensive controls were recruited. There was no difference in the baseline characteristics between groups apart from the expected differences in blood pressure. Left atrial sizes were similar across all groups. Women with preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema had increased left ventricular mass (P=.01) but had normal systolic function compared with the normotensive controls. Furthermore, they had elevated native T1 values (P=.025) and a trend toward elevated T2 values (P=.07) in the absence of late gadolinium enhancement consistent with myocardial edema. Moreover, myocardial edema was present in all women with eclampsia or hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. Women with preeclampsia without severe features had similar findings to the normotensive controls. All cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measurements showed a very high level of interobserver correlation. CONCLUSION: This study focused on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in women with preeclampsia complicated by pulmonary edema, eclampsia, and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. We have demonstrated normal systolic function with myocardial edema in women with preeclampsia with these severe features. These findings implicate an acute myocardial process as part of this clinical syndrome. The pathogenesis of myocardial edema and its relationship to pulmonary edema require further elucidation. With normal left atrial sizes, any hemodynamic component must be acute.
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| 4. |
- Scott, Robert A., et al.
(författare)
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An Expanded Genome-Wide Association Study of Type 2 Diabetes in Europeans
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 66:11, s. 2888-2902
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To characterize type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated variation across the allele frequency spectrum, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association data from 26,676 T2D case and 132,532 control subjects of European ancestry after imputation using the 1000 Genomes multiethnic reference panel. Promising association signals were followed up in additional data sets (of 14,545 or 7,397 T2D case and 38,994 or 71,604 control subjects). We identified 13 novel T2D-associated loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)), including variants near the GLP2R, GIP, and HLA-DQA1 genes. Our analysis brought the total number of independent T2D associations to 128 distinct signals at 113 loci. Despite substantially increased sample size and more complete coverage of low-frequency variation, all novel associations were driven by common single nucleotide variants. Credible sets of potentially causal variants were generally larger than those based on imputation with earlier reference panels, consistent with resolution of causal signals to common risk haplotypes. Stratification of T2D-associated loci based on T2D-related quantitative trait associations revealed tissue-specific enrichment of regulatory annotations in pancreatic islet enhancers for loci influencing insulin secretion and in adipocytes, monocytes, and hepatocytes for insulin action-associated loci. These findings highlight the predominant role played by common variants of modest effect and the diversity of biological mechanisms influencing T2D pathophysiology.
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| 5. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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| 6. |
- Van Heerden, P., et al.
(författare)
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Blood pressure as a risk factor for eclampsia and pulmonary oedema in pre-eclampsia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pregnancy Hypertension-an International Journal of Womens Cardiovascular Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-7789 .- 2210-7797. ; 26, s. 2-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We evaluated whether blood pressure and change in blood pressure measurements during pregnancy were associated with eclampsia or pulmonary oedema among women with pre-eclampsia. Study design: Observational study of women with eclampsia, pre-eclampsia complicated by pulmonary oedema and pre-eclampsia without end-organ complications (pre-eclampsia controls) at a large referral center in Cape Town, South Africa. Main outcome measures: Blood pressure measurements at presentation for antenatal care were compared to measurements after a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. Mean blood pressures and changes in blood pressures were also calculated and compared between groups at different time points. A sub analysis including women who presented for antenatal care before 20 weeks of gestation was performed. Results: When diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, women with pulmonary oedema had increased systolic blood pressures and women with eclampsia had increased diastolic blood pressures compared to pre-eclampsia controls. There were no differences in blood pressure measurements in early pregnancy between women who later developed eclampsia or pulmonary oedema compared to pre-eclampsia controls. Conclusion: Blood pressure measurements in early pregnancy do not seem useful as a risk factor for the development of eclampsia or pulmonary oedema among women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia. Increased systolic or diastolic pressure at diagnosis of pre-eclampsia may be useful as a risk factor for the development of pulmonary oedema or eclampsia. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, K., et al.
(författare)
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High-accuracy sampling of saproxylic diversity indicators at regional scales with pheromones : The case of Elater ferrugineus (Coleoptera, Elateridae)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 171, s. 156-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rare beetle Elater ferrugineus was sampled at 47 sites in the county of Östergötland, Sweden by means of pheromone-baited traps to assess its value as an indicator species for hollow oak stands rich in rare saproxylic beetle species. In addition, Osmoderma eremita was also sampled with pheromone baits. These data were then compared against species survey data collected at the same sites by pitfall and window traps. Both species co-occur with many Red Listed saproxylic beetles, with E. ferrugineus being a somewhat better indicator for the rarest species. The conservation value of a site (measured as Red List points or number of Red Listed species) increased with the number of specimens of E. ferrugineus and O. eremita caught. Accuracy of sampling by means of pheromone trapping turned out to be radically different for the two model species. E. ferrugineus traps put out during July obtained full accuracy after only 6. days, whereas O. eremita traps needed to be out from early July to mid-August in order to obtain full accuracy with one trap per site. By using E. ferrugineus, or preferably both species, as indicator species, accuracy would increase and costs decrease for saproxylic biodiversity sampling, monitoring and identification of hotspots. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Low pre-death growth rates of oak (Quercus robur L.)-Is oak death a long-term process induced by dry years?
- 2011
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE. - : EDP Sciences. - 1286-4560 .- 1297-966X. ; 68:1, s. 159-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose A complex interplay between biotic and abiotic factors is believed to be responsible for several oak declines in pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). This study aims to clarify the temporal process of oak declines, as well as identifying individual tree and environmental variables that affects growth rate and that may increase the risk of mortality. The study was performed in southern Sweden at three sites. Findings Cross-dating revealed that most trees had died during the last decade and that the growth rates of the dead oaks were affected long before death. Averaged growth chronologies of dead and control trees reaching 150 years back in time illustrated an excellent match up until around 1992, when a severe drought occurred after which the dead trees started to express reduced growth. Precipitation the previous year during August-September and during March-June this current year was of significant importance for oak growth. Site-specific results that showed that dead trees: included fewer small-sized trees, grew on non-clay soils, were more likely to have shelf fungus and cavities and were exposed to less sunshine. Conclusion The results support the theories that oak mortality is a long process that may be induced decades before the actual death.
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| 9. |
- Angelstam, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-Based Knowledge Versus Negotiated Indicators for Assessment of Ecological Sustainability : The Swedish Forest Stewardship Council Standard as a Case Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 42:2, s. 229-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Assessing ecological sustainability involves monitoring of indicators and comparison of their states with performance targets that are deemed sustainable. First, a normative model was developed centered on evidence-based knowledge about (a) forest composition, structure, and function at multiple scales, and (b) performance targets derived by quantifying the habitat amount in naturally dynamic forests, and as required for presence of populations of specialized focal species. Second, we compared the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification standards' ecological indicators from 1998 and 2010 in Sweden to the normative model using a Specific, Measurable, Accurate, Realistic, and Timebound (SMART) indicator approach. Indicator variables and targets for riparian and aquatic ecosystems were clearly under-represented compared to terrestrial ones. FSC's ecological indicators expanded over time from composition and structure towards function, and from finer to coarser spatial scales. However, SMART indicators were few. Moreover, they poorly reflected quantitative evidence-based knowledge, a consequence of the fact that forest certification mirrors the outcome of a complex social negotiation process.
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| 10. |
- Askling, John, et al.
(författare)
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Ryggradslösa djur och planering av infrastruktur - dagfjärilar som landskapsekologiska verktyg och modellorganismer.
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Föreliggande rapport är slutrapporten inom projektet ”Landskapsekologiska effekter av vägar och järnvägar på ryggradslösa djur” som pågått 2001-2003. En övervägande majoritet av alla studier av vägars/järnvägars effekter på djur har tidigare gjorts på större däggdjur och fåglar, men även groddjur och smådäggdjur fanns relativt väl representerade. För ryggradslösa djur fanns dock få studier och kunskapen var dålig om effekterna på denna grupp som är den absolut artrikaste. Projektet har fokuserat på dagfjärilar och odlingslandskap. En av de bäst kända grupperna av ryggradslösa djur är dagfjärilar. Odlingslandskapet som de framförallt finns i är också ett intressant landskap gällande infrastrukturproblematik. Det här projektet ligger under paraplyprojektet EKLIPS (ekologisk infrastrukturplanering med fjärranalys). Målet med EKLIPS är att utveckla och förbättra trafikverkens hantering av natur- och kulturvärden i de olika delarna av planeringsprocessen.Projektet bestod av två delar: 1) att undersöka arealkrav på landskapsnivå hos en grupp ryggradslösa djur (dagfjärilar) för att i förlängningen kunna identifiera värdefulla odlingslandskap. 2) att studera den eventuella barriäreffekt en väg kan ha på flygande ryggradslösa djur. Även här är det dagfjärilar som studerats.De huvudsakliga slutsatserna av den här studien av dagfjärilar som verktyg i infrastrukturplanering är att:Dagfjärilar kan användas för att identifiera biologiskt rika odlingslandskap. Totalt undersöktes 62 områden och 12 170 individer av 57 fjärilsarter identifierades.Landskapet ska studeras i relativt stor skala. Den skala som påverkar fjärilssamhällets sammansättning handlar om kilometrar snarare än hundratals meter. Mängden hagmarker och lövskogar inom 500 m och 2000 m kunde inte förklara fjärilsfaunans sammansättning, däremot mängden inom 5000 m.Det finns kritiska tröskelvärden för mängden av habitat i landskapet och infrastruktur har troligen sin största negativa påverkan kring dessa värden. Tröskelvärdet för att ett artrikt område (>20 arter dagfjärilar) med >50% sannolikhet ska kunna finnas i ett område var i denna studie 570 ha (7,3%) hagmarker/lövskog inom en radie av 5000 m.Tröskelvärdena för enskilda arter varierade mellan 130-950 ha, det vill säga 1,6-12.1% av landskapet ska bestå av passande habitat.Indikatorarter kan användas för att identifiera rika landskap. Våra studier pekar på att flera arter och två artgrupper kan vara användbara. De två artgrupperna är pärlemorfjärilar och bastardsvärmare. Totalt 13 arter eller artgrupper påträffades främst i rika landskap, t ex skogsnätfjäril, vitgräsfjäril, midsommarblåvinge, brunfläckig pärlemorfjäril och silverstreckad pärlemorfjäril.Vägar kan fungera som barriärer för vissa arter. För två av arterna hade vägen en signifikant barriäreffekt. För luktgräsfjäril minskade flödet med 74% och för slåttergräsfjäril med 43%.Potentiellt rika landskap ska gå att identifiera från flygbilder och satellitdata utan att göra omfattande fältinventeringar i framtiden baserat på våra resultat. Fortfarande är dock resultaten för osäkra (ej upprepade i andra landskap) för att appliceras i större skala.När vägplaneringsprocessen kommit fram till vägutredningen kan indikatorarterna användas för att identifiera för artrikedomen viktiga områden och för att precisera målsättningarna för vilken naturhänsyn som skall tas i arbetet. Indikatorarterna kan också användas i uppföljningsarbete för att uppskatta om projektmålen uppnåtts.
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| 11. |
- Babajan, Tigran, 1986-
(författare)
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Oligarchs, State Power and Mass Opinion : A Study of the Role of Oligarchs in Post-Soviet Pseudo-democracies
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis attempts to understand the role of oligarchs in post-Soviet pseudo-democratic regime trajectories. The two dominant, competing streams of prior work have emphasized either the importance of state power or that of mass opinion in these processes in order to explain why some regimes successfully maintain their grip on power, while others make gradual steps towards democratization. However, the role of oligarchs has been largely overlooked; a gap filled by this study. It employs both widely accepted, as well as unique data to approach the research problem. The work presented in this thesis involves large-N surveys, analyses of media reports and an in-depth case study. There are three key findings:First, for an overwhelming majority of citizens in post-Soviet pseudo-democracies, oligarchs’ actual, negative influence on the political system as well as popular perceptions of unfair wealth concentration are conducive to beliefs that a non-democratic regime is what is needed in order to set things right in their country.Second, the findings from Armenia, Georgia, Russia and Ukraine demonstrate that four politically motivated, rival oligarchs focused on enhancing their reputation and organizational capacity in their struggles for power. In all four countries, regimes used their state power to counter the rival oligarchs. Evidence from Armenia and Russia provides a nuanced understanding of these interactions. In particular, incumbents in these countries used their state power to manipulate public opinion in order to damage the reputation and credibility of the rival oligarchs. This thesis suggests that the main regime leaders do so in order to portray themselves as more trustworthy than their oligarch rivals.Third, a survey analysis of Kyiv university students shows that they view most oligarchs as corrupt and harmful to their political system. According to the survey results, oligarchs’ concentration of wealth appears to disqualify them from being legitimate political players. Yet, further evidence from this thesis suggests that people differentiate between oligarchs as a group and as individuals, which allows at least some oligarchs to enhance their reputation by using their vast material wealth. I conclude this thesis by discussing possible policy and societal implication of the results and by setting out some new venues of future research.
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| 12. |
- Belitsky, Victor, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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SEPIA - A new single pixel receiver at the APEX telescope
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. We describe the new Swedish-ESO PI Instrument for APEX (SEPIA) receiver, which was designed and built by the Group for Advanced Receiver Development (GARD), at Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) in collaboration with ESO. It was installed and commissioned at the APEX telescope during 2015 with an ALMA Band 5 receiver channel and updated with a new frequency channel (ALMA Band 9) in February 2016. Aim. This manuscript aims to provide, for observers who use the SEPIA receiver, a reference in terms of the hardware description, optics and performance as well as the commissioning results. Methods. Out of three available receiver cartridge positions in SEPIA, the two current frequency channels, corresponding to ALMA Band 5, the RF band 158-211 GHz, and Band 9, the RF band 600-722 GHz, provide state-of-the-art dual polarization receivers. The Band 5 frequency channel uses 2SB SIS mixers with an average SSB noise temperature around 45 K with IF (intermediate frequency) band 4-8 GHz for each sideband providing total 4 × 4 GHz IF band. The Band 9 frequency channel uses DSB SIS mixers with a noise temperature of 75-125 K with IF band 4-12 GHz for each polarization. Results. Both current SEPIA receiver channels are available to all APEX observers.
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| 13. |
- Berg, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Power-line corridors as source habitat for butterflies in forest landscapes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 201, s. 320-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern intensified agriculture has decreased farmland heterogeneity, which has led to strong negative effects on farmland biodiversity. However, partly forested landscapes seem to offer many alternative habitats for open habitat species such as butterflies, since modern forestry and development of infrastructure has created several new environments such as forest road verges and power-line corridors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the importance of power-line corridors (PLCs) as butterfly habitats by testing i) if species richness and abundance of butterflies in PLCs are affected by adjacent habitat composition (i.e. comparisons of PLCs with different adjacent habitats), ii) if PLCs act as source habitat through spill-over of individuals into adjacent forest roads and semi-natural pastures and iii) if species composition differs among the investigated habitat types. To investigate this we censured the butterfly fauna in 23 study landscapes in south-central Sweden. We found support for the hypothesis that PLCs may act as source habitats for butterflies in forest roads and pastures, since species richness and abundance were decreasing with increasing distance to PLC from 0 to 500 m. In addition, the species composition in forest roads and pastures close to and far from PLCs was similar, suggesting that this increase was not due to an increase of PLC specialists in the other two habitats. Thus, we have shown that PLCs in themselves are important butterfly habitats independently of adjacent habitat composition (adjacent mature forest, clear cuts or arable land), and they contribute to increased species richness and abundance of butterflies in surrounding areas over 10 times larger than their own width. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
- Berglund Snodgrass, Lina, 1980-
(författare)
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Demanding Certainty : A Critical Examination of Swedish Spatial Planning for Safety.
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation constitutes a critical examination of Swedish spatial planning for safety. Spatial planning for safety rests on a number of assumptions about the desired order of the world. These assumptions appear as given and unproblematic, making the formulation of alternatives appear unnecessary. This dissertation provides an account of how, and on what basis a spatial planning problem such as ‘fear and insecurity’ is formulated and acted upon. It is an account of how and what conceptions of knowledge operate to legitimise ideological representations of spatial planning problems. And furthermore, what these ideological representations of spatial planning problems substantially entail, so as to allow for a political spatial planning practice that formulates and deliberates alternatives. This is carried out by analysing assumptions of public life and knowledge within Swedish spatial planning for safety. This dissertation finds that Swedish spatial planning for safety constitutes ‘certainty’ as a hegemonic criterion for participating in public life, which operates to limit the articulation of alternative discourses in spatial planning for safety. The desired for safe public life is organised based on visual certainty, where the urban fabric should be configured in such ways as to allow for stereotypical visual identifications of one another. Such a public life reflects an individualised practice, where perceptions of fear should be governed by individuals themselves, by independently assessing situations and environments in terms of risks. This individualised conduct is coupled with the fostering of active subjects, which encompasses being engaged in the local residential areas as well as in one another. Such substantial content of ‘planning for safety’ brings about tensions in terms of its ideological legitimating basis, by moving from principles of ‘rights’, where the individual constitutes the first ethical planning subject, to unitary principles of ‘collective values’, in which the ‘community’ constitutes the first ethical planning subject. These presuppositions are further enabled through the ways in which knowledge is conceptualised in spatial planning. This dissertation argues that a hegemonic instrumental emphasis on knowledge in spatial planning prevails. Having such a hegemonic emphasis on knowledge has the implication that even though spatial planning adopts different assumptions, or moves between alternative assumptions of knowledge, the knowledge becomes meaningful only in its instrumental implementation. The instrumental emphasis on knowledge should be regarded in light of the rational and goal-oriented nature of project-based planning, which constitutes a logic that constrains the emphasis on knowledge in spatial planning. This dissertation argues further that if spatial planning should be considered a political practice that debates its goals and values, a politicisation of the emphasis on knowledge in spatial planning is imperative.
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| 15. |
- Bergman, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Socket Intents Extended for SCTP : Extended Version of Socket Intents to Use the Transport Protocol SCTP
- 2016
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This report covers a project in the course Computer Engineering Project, DVAE08, at Karlstad University. The aim of the project was to modify an already existing solution for selecting the most fitting path for known traffic online, with a proactive approach instead of a reactive, called Socket Intents. The purpose of the modified version is to make the previous solution compatible with the transport protocol SCTP. This solution consists of three new implemented components; a header parser, a sniffer, and a query manager. The header parser and sniffer receive packets from the traffic and send them to one another. The query manager handles queries from the policies to the sniffer, as well as the response. Together, these components will gather information about the state of the network, and select the most fitting path that fulfill application needs. The results achieved from the modification are good work for the SCTP one-to-one type.
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| 16. |
- Bergman, David, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of ICD-based diagnoses of alcohol-related disorders and diseases from swedish nationwide registers and suggestions for coding
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Epidemiology. - Macclesfield, United Kingdom : Dove Medical Press Ltd.. - 1179-1349. ; 12, s. 1433-1442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To improve consistency between register studies in Sweden and ensure valid comparisons of possible changes in alcohol-related disorders and diseases (ARDDs) over time, we propose a definition of ARDDs. Based on this definition, we examined Sweden’s incidence rates of ARDDs from 1970 to 2018 in non-primary healthcare settings (inpatient and outpatient). Methods: Swedish Society of Epidemiology members were invited to give feedback on the International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes with a potential link to alcohol use. We then calculated age-standardised and age-specific incidence of ARDDs over time according to the National Patient Register, and the lifetime prevalence of ARDDs diagnosed in adults alive in Sweden on Dec 31, 2018. Results: Sweden’s estimated incidence of ARDDs increased substantially after introducing the new ICD-9 codes in 1987. In the past 10 years (2009–2018), the incidence of ARDDs has been stable (males: 110/100,000 person-years, females: 49/100,000 person-years). Requiring at least two ICD records for diagnosed ARDDs led to a somewhat lower incidence of ARDDs (males: 71 per 100,000 person-years, females: 29 per 100,000 person-years). In Sweden, the lifetime prevalence of diagnosed ARDDs in adults on Dec 31, 2018, was 1.9% (95% CI=1.9–1.9). Conclusion: In this nationwide study, we found an incidence of ARDDs of 50–100/ 100,000 person-years. In 2018, 1 in 52 adults in Sweden had been diagnosed with ARDDs in the National Patient Register.
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| 17. |
- Bergman, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Deponering av klororganiskt slam. Lakförsök på bioslam från reningsanläggning för blekeriavloppsvatten.
- 1989
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vid rening av avloppsvatten från blekerier uppstår klorhaltigt fiber- och bioslam. Deponering av slammet sker idag på avfallsupplag tillsammans med aska och bark. Ringa kunskaper finns idag om utlakningen av klororganiska föreningar från slammet. Ett pilotförsök i labskala har utförts för att studera utlakningen av klororganiska föreningar från slam. Bioslammet innehöll från början 15 000 mg/kg AOX. Utläckaget var maximalt 3 mg AOX/l. Mindre än 1% av AOX utlakades under försöket som motsvarade 25 års nederbörd.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bergman, Karl, 1985-
(författare)
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Bargaining and descriptive content : prospects for a teleosemantic ethics
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Biology & Philosophy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0169-3867 .- 1572-8404. ; 36:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Teleosemantics is the view that mental content depends on etiological function. Moral adaptationism is the view that human morality is an evolved adaptation. Jointly, these two views offer new venues for naturalist metaethics. Several authors have seen, in the conjunction of these views, the promise of assigning naturalistically respectable descriptive content to moral judgments. One such author is Neil Sinclair, who has offered a blueprint for how to conduct teleosemantic metaethics with the help of moral adaptationism. In this paper, I argue that the prospects for assigning descriptive content to moral judgments on the basis of teleosemantics are bad. I develop my argument in dialogue with Sinclair’s paper and argue that, although Sinclair’s account of the evolution of morality is plausible, the teleosemantic account of the descriptive content of moral judgments which he bases thereon suffers from crucial shortcomings. I argue further that, given some minimal plausible assumptions about the evolution of morality made by Sinclair, no assignment of descriptive content is possible. Contrary to prevailing assumptions, the combination of moral adaptationism and teleosemantics suggests that moral judgments lack descriptive content.
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| 20. |
- Bergman, Karl
(författare)
-
Blekinge : gränslandets politiska geografi
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Blekingeboken. - Karlskrona : Blekinge hembygdsförbund. ; , s. 63-93
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det blekingska gränslandet har ofta i en äldre historieskrivning infogats i politiska konflikter som beskrivits utifrån ett nationalistiskt perspektiv där kulturella, politiska och etniska skillnader varit viktiga begrepp. Denna artikel tar fasta på gränslandets position i både det danska och det svenska riket under tidigmodern tid med avsikten att pröva de långa historiska utvecklingslinjer som formar ett mönster som sträcker sig över nationsbytet 1658. Med detta perspektiv framhävs en politisk geografi där gränslandets möjligheter och utsatthet präglas av ekonomiska och säkerhetspolitiska realiteter.
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| 21. |
- Bergman, Karl
(författare)
-
Blekinge i det danska riket
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Ale, Historisk tidskrift för Skåne, Halland och Blekinge.. - Lund : De skånska landskapens historiska och arkeologiska förening och Landsarkivet i Lund. - 0345-0708. ; 4, s. 23-36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artikeln behandlar den östdanska provinsen Blekinges relation till och interaktion med det danska rikets maktcentrum på Själland under perioden före provinsens införlivande i det svenska riket. Undersökningen tar sikte på hur en kamp om resurserna mellan aktörer i lokalsamhället och centralmakten formar de politiska relationerna mellan parterna. Lokala maktgrupperingar och deras förankring samt deras legitimitet prövas. Det övergripande perspektiv som prövas är begreppet kongomeratstat och dess tillämplighet på Blekinges relation till Danmark under perioden.
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| 22. |
- Bergman, Karl
(författare)
-
Borgaren och militärstaten. Den tidigmoderna stadens politiska kultur
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift. - 0345-469X .- 2002-4827. ; 4:128:4, s. 621-645
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artikeln återger mötet och interaktionen mellan militärstatens företrädare och det borgerskap som flyttade till den nya staden Karlskrona 1682. Undersökningen omspänner drygt tio år från 1682 fram till 1693. Teoretiska utgångspunkter har hämtats från ett internationellt forskningsläge som har det gemensamt att man utifrån en Habermas-kritisk läsning funnit ett behov av ett vidgat kommunikationsbegrepp. Med ett vidgat kommunikationsbegrepp blir det möjligt att undersöka och analysera frågor om offentlighet, rationalitet och kommunikation även under tidigmodern tid. En viktig underliggande frågeställning inom denna kritiska riktning har varit att man eftersträvat en forskningsdiskussion om hur ett samband mellan det tidigmoderna och det moderna kan ha sett ut inom detta område Genom att bryta med en alltför stelbent kronologisk uppdelning öppnas för nya tolkningar av det vi kan uppfatta som nationella särdrag i den politiska kulturen. Vilket blir då utfallet om detta forskningsperspektiv appliceras på en svensk tidigmodern kontext? Om vi väljer att betrakta borgerskapet i Karlskrona under den aktuella perioden som ett svenskt borgerskap och om vi karakteriserar staden som en svensk stad, begränsad och reglerad av en nationell kontext, då framstår detta borgerskap möjligen som oansenligt och utan större politisk kraft. Men den analys som företagits ger stöd för ett antagande att borgerskapet i Karlskrona innehade en icke oansenlig maktposition, vilken kunde användas i förhandlingarna med den svenska statsmakten. Maktpositionen baserades på delaktighet i ett handelsnätverk i Östersjön med starka förgreningar till Holland. Hade detta nätverk raserats av en oförsiktig statsmakt hade det fått betydande konsekvenser för den svenska flottan. Den kommunikativa praktik som utvecklades inom borgerskapet var präglad av en ekonomisk praxis som var funktionell i detta internationella handelssammanhang. Den ekonomiska rationalitet, den form av offentlighet, den tilltro till och användning av skriftliga dokument som borgerskapet företrädde hämtade sin legitimitet från det faktum att det var en accepterad praxis i städerna runt Östersjön. Det var en praxis med en legitimitet som inte ens en absolut statsmakt kunde förbise utan konsekvenser. Ett alltför auktoritärt agerande mot detta borgerskap hade kunnat påverka handelssituationen i Östersjön och därmed försvårat försörjning och expansion av den svenska flottan. Även statsmakten förhandlade utifrån en maktposition. Hänsyn måste tas till borgerskapets position och styrka men det innebar inte att statsmakten underordnade sig borgerskapet. En dialogisk ordning etablerades utifrån denna maktkonfiguration. Som undersökningen visat kunde statsmakten långsiktigt påverka maktförhållandena till sin fördel och den kunde åstadkomma maktförskjutningar till sin fördel. Samtalet om privat och offentligt antyder en sådan maktförskjutning till statsmaktens fördel. Borgerskapets enskilda eller kollektiva agerande konfronterades med en föreställning om den offentliga maktutövningen. En konsekvens var att borgerskapets kollektiva agerande och den inbördes solidariteten trängdes tillbaka. Statsmaktens strävan till professionalisering och ökad byråkratisering visar också hur borgerskapets strävan till större självständighet trängdes tillbaka. Borgerskapets bruk av offentligheten lyckades statsmakten delvis begränsa. Offentligheten som ett medel för en artikulerad gemenskapsformering inom borgerskapet och som ett vapen mot statsmakten hade inget verkligt genomslag. I stället polariserades eller förstärktes en polarisering inom borgerskapet.
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| 23. |
- Bergman, Karl
(författare)
-
Breed and ”Booze”, naval demand and early modern production
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This investigation discusses the connection between military supply needs, or more specific the navy capability to supply, primarily bread and alcohol, and the transformation from small-scale to large-scale production during the early modern period. Three questions are addressed: the significance of the relationship between burghers and military representatives to this transformation; the significance of military experience, including military techniques, to this transformation; and finally, whether or not early modern military production can be linked to modern industrialization. Together these questions can begin to answer the question about the connection between the nations military past and the shape of the modern industrial and political landscape. The period after the founding of the naval base Karlskrona in the south east of Sweden in the 1680´s was marked by repeated negotiations, disputes and severe production problems. The burghers could not always meet the growing demands of the Navy. This situation is investigated as an incentive for the Navy to begin the production of foodstuffs. In 1752, a Crown bakery could produce 100 000 pieces of so-called “succarie-breds” a day. The creation of a Crown distillery is another example of a state-operated manufacture at the time. Some of the ventures could be described as more successful than others. The Success and failures of these examples is studied in relation to the experience of military administration, the technical skills developed at the Naval base, as well as the importance of an “institution” that could mobilize labour forces and economic resources, to early modern Swedish production. At another level those questions is related to the Navy as a modernization force in confrontation with older forms of production in the hands of the guilds – and the Naval city as a possible “nod” for modernization in general. The connection between the early modern military production pattern and the long-term impact for the modern industrial landscape in the region is discussed in relation to the fact that this region became the leading industrial producer of alcohol and the leading grower of potatoes needed for this industry. Later on the potatoes became the base for the modern starch industry in the region.
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| 24. |
- Bergman, Karl
(författare)
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Bröd och brännvin. Örlogsflottans försörjning och tidigmodern produktion.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Historisk Tidskrift. - Stockholm : Svenska Historiska Föreningen. - 0345-469X .- 2002-4827. ; 1, s. 3-25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under tidigmodern tid och som ett resultat av den expanderande flottan tvingades den militära ledningen i Sverige att engagera sig i den produktiva verksamhet som var ämnad att bidra till flottans försörjning. Detta engegemang innebar att flotan tekniska kunskap,dess logistiska kompetens och organisationsförmåga kom att användas i nya sammanhang.Den tidigmoderna produktion som etablerades i landskapet Blekinge kom att få betydelse för det moderna industrilandskapets utformning.
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| 25. |
- Bergman, Karl, 1985-
(författare)
-
Communities of Judgment : Towards a Teleosemantic Theory of Moral Thought and Discourse
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis offers a teleosemantic account of moral discourse and judgment. It develops a number of views about the function and content of moral judgments and the nature of moral discourse based on Ruth Millikan’s theory of intentional content and the functions of intentional attitudes.Non-cognitivists in meta-ethics have argued that moral judgments are more akin to desires and other motivational attitudes than to descriptive beliefs. I argue that teleosemantics allows us to assign descriptive content to motivational attitudes and hence that even if the non-cognitivist is correct, moral judgments can be said to describe the world. Moreover, given further teleosemantic assumptions, this conclusion has consequences that are both surprising and interesting. First of all, while moral judgments have descriptive content, moral statements do not. The purpose of moral discourse is not to convey beliefs that are true simpliciter, but to convey attitudes that are descriptively correct when tokened by the addressee. Consequently, moral discourse requires speakers to adapt to hearers in order to secure their assent and bring them into "community of judgment" with themselves.Secondly, the descriptive content of a motivational attitude is partly a matter of the subject’s own preferences and circumstances. In particular, the descriptive correctness of a moral judgment is partly a function of the degree to which it is shared with others. Since a moral judgment also motivates the subject to spread it, it has the ability to, in a certain sense, make itself true. If regular descriptive beliefs are supposed to adapt the subject to the world, a moral judgment also has the capacity to adapt the world to the subject.
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| 26. |
- Bergman, Karl
(författare)
-
Erövrade danska provinser. Rum, erfarenhet och identitet
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Maktens mosaik. Enhet särart och självbild i det svenska riket. - : Atlantis. - 9789173533140 ; , s. 105-141
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artikeln går igenom den forskning som under senare år behandlat inkorporeringen av de forna östadanska provinserna Skåne, Blekinge och Gotland i det svenska riket under 1600-talet. en jämförelse mellen de olika områdena lyfter fram gemensama drag och särarter. Fokus riktas mot vad som går att utläsa om människors rumsliga erfarenheter och deras förankring i rummet. Denna problematik diskuteras utifrån teoretiska utgångspunkter i teorier om rum och hur rumsliga konstruktioner ser ut.
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| 27. |
- Bergman, Karl
(författare)
-
Ett buller i Blekinge – protesterna mot utskrivningarna av båtsmän till Stora nordiska kriget.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Ale Historisk tidskrift för Skåne, Halland och Blekinge.. - Lund : De skånska landskapens historiska och arkeologiska förening och Landsarkivet i Lund. - 0345-0708. ; 3, s. 4-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artikeln undersöker utskrivningen av båtsmän i Blekinge 1710. En utskriving som formades till ett så kallat buller, en relativt stark protestaktion mot centralmakten. Undersökningen fokuserar på politisk kultur och konflikter under en kritisk period då lokalsamhällets lojalitet gentemot den svenska centralmakten Undersökningen behandlar även de komplicerade relationerna och maktstrukturerna i lokalsamhället. Fokus riktas mot huruvida det fanns grupper eller sociala skikt i lokalsmhället som kan anses varit drivande i denna konfrontation med den svenska militärstaten. En underliggande fråga handlar om denna konflikt kan haft något att göra med de gamla danska undersåtarnas relation till den nya svenska statsmakten.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Bergman, Karl, et al.
(författare)
-
Heart disease in pregnancy and risk of pre-eclampsia: a Swedish register-based study.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Open heart. - 2053-3624. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pre-eclampsia complicates 3-5% of pregnancies worldwide and is associated with adverse outcomes for the mother and the offspring. Pre-eclampsia and heart failure have common risk factors, including hypertension, obesity and diabetes. It is not known whether heart failure increases the risk of pre-eclampsia. This study examines whether pregestational heart failure increases the risk of pre-eclampsia.In a registry-based case-cohort study that included all pregnancies in Sweden (n=3 125 527) between 1990 and 2019, all pregnancies with pre-eclampsia (n=90 354) were identified and up to five control pregnancies (n=451466) for each case were chosen, matched on the mother's birth year. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of heart failure on the risk of pre-eclampsia, with adjustment for established risk factors and other cardiovascular diseases.Women with heart failure had no increased risk for pre-eclampsia, OR 1.02 (95% CI 0.69 to 1.50). Women with valvular heart disease had an increased OR of preterm pre-eclampsia, with an adjusted OR of 1.78 (95% CI 1.04 to 3.06). Hypertension and diabetes were independent risk factors for pre-eclampsia. Obesity, multifetal pregnancies, in vitro fertilisation, older age, Nordic origin and nulliparity were more common among women who developed pre-eclampsia compared with controls.Women with heart failure do not have an increased risk of pre-eclampsia. However, women with valvular heart disease prior to pregnancy have an increased risk of developing preterm pre-eclampsia independent of other known risk factors.
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| 30. |
- Bergman, Karl
(författare)
-
Konfliktlinjer och rumslig mångfald i det tidigmoderna Skåne
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Rörelser, möten och visioner i tid och rum.. - Lund : Centrum för Danmarkstudier, Lunds Universitet. - 9789170610356 ; , s. 22-53
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artikeln problematiserar de föreställningar om tidigmoderna historiska eller kulturella gränser, som kommer till användning i vår tids regionaliseringsprocesser. Exemplet i detta fall utgörs av Skåne och Öresundsregionen. Begreppet rum och den tidigmoderna rumsuppfattningen historiseras och problematiseras utifrån ett modernt forskningsläge.
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| 31. |
- Bergman, Karl
(författare)
-
Makt, möten, gränser : skånska kommissionen i Blekinge 1669–70
- 2002
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The object of this thesis is to examine the incorporation of the former Danish province of Blekinge into Sweden after the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658. This question has been analysed before but such studies have usually been coloured by the use of national ideas and notions born of a later age than the period under examination. This thesis analyses the so-called Transition Problem using theoretical models and ideas taken from the state formation debate which stresses such concepts as the conglomerate state, centralisation, homogeneity and a striving towards professional administration. The main sources are the archives of a Swedish Royal Commission, the Skånska Kommissionen, 1669-70. This material has made it possible to analyse how the inhabitants of Blekinge regarded their new rulers. In this context questions of identity are also discussed. A description of the interaction of authorities and subjects is central to the thesis and forms the basis of a discussion of integration. An analysis of the tenets of Lutheran Christianity has been deemed of great importance as these norms and values made possible a fruitful meeting between the groups involved. The thesis stresses the role of the inhabitants in the process of integration but also looks at the activities of Royal commissions and seeks to analyse their meetings with the citizens of the realm. A special chapter examines Blekinge's role in, and relationship to, the kingdom of Denmark in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
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| 32. |
- Bergman, Karl
(författare)
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När Östdanmark blev Sydsverige, Integration, interaktion och identiteter
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Vid gränsen, Integration och identitet i det förnationella Norden. - Lund : Centrum för Danmarksstudier, Lunds Universitet. - 9170610177 ; , s. 132-160 (145-154)
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artikeln behandlar tidigmoderna identiter och integration i ljuset av ett modernt forskningsläge som växt fram som en kritik av ett äldre forskningsläge där de nationella föreställningarna haft företräde. De empiriska exemplen utgörs av Skåne Halland och Blekinge vid skiftet av rikstillhörighet efter freden i Roskilde 1658. I antologin ingår artiklar på svenska, danska, norska och engelska.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Bergman, Karl-Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Butterflies in Swedish grasslands benefit from forest and respond to landscape composition at different spatial scales
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Landscape Ecology. - : SPRINGER. - 0921-2973 .- 1572-9761. ; 33:12, s. 2189-2204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ContextLoss and fragmentation of semi-natural grasslands has critically affected many butterfly species in Europe. Habitat area and isolation can have strong effects on the local biodiversity but species may also be strongly affected by the surrounding matrix.ObjectivesWe explored how different land cover types in the landscape explained the occurrence of butterfly species in semi-natural grasslands.MethodsUsing data from 476 semi-natural grasslands in Sweden, we analysed the effect of matrix composition on species richness and occurrence. Additionally, we analysed at which spatial scales butterflies responded to matrix types (forests, semi-natural grasslands, arable land and water).ResultsForest cover showed the strongest positive effect on species richness, followed by semi-natural grasslands. Forest also had a positive effect on red-listed species at local scales. Responses to matrix composition were highly species-specific. The majority of the 30most common species showed strong positive responses to the amount of forest cover within 200-500m. There was a smaller group of species showing a positive response to arable land cover within 500-2000m. Thirteen species showed positive responses to the amount of semi-natural grasslands, generally at larger scales (10-30km).ConclusionsOur study showed that surrounding forest is beneficial for many grassland butterfly species and that forests might mitigate the negative effects of habitat loss caused by agricultural intensification. Also, semi-natural grasslands were an important factor for species richness at larger spatial scales, indicating that a landscape consisting mainly of supporting habitats (i.e. forests) are insufficient to sustain a rich butterfly fauna.
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| 36. |
- Bergman, Karl-Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Clear-cuts are temporary habitats, not matrix, for endangered grassland burnet moths (Zygaena spp.)
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Insect Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1366-638X .- 1572-9753. ; 24:2, s. 269-277
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Burnet moths (Zygaena spp.) are day-flying Lepidoptera considered indicative of species-rich grasslands. In the present study, our aim was to clarify whether clear-cuts are habitat, supporting habitat or matrix for three species of Zygaena. We did so by sampling these species with sex pheromones on 48 clear-cuts, varying in amount of host and nectar plants, in southern Sweden. To compare the efficiency of such sampling, we also conducted transect walks on these clearcuts. Overall, host-plants on clear-cuts best explained the abundance of Zygaena spp. recorded, better than nectar-plants or connectivity with nearby grasslands. These results indicate that clear-cuts with an abundance of host plants are used as a fully functional habitat, and not a supporting habitat in the sense of only providing nectar. There is no support in these results for considering clear-cuts as an inert matrix. With about half the work-effort, pheromone traps recorded 100 times more Zygaena spp. as transect walks. The poor correspondence between observations during transects walks and pheromone trap catches suggest Zygaena spp. being difficult to monitor by transect walks. In contrast to grasslands, clear-cuts are short-term in nature requiring repeated recolonization, indicating the importance of permanent grasslands. However, clear-cuts are important temporary insect habitats due to their great acreage, and suitable management can increase the time they remain a habitat.
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| 37. |
- Bergman, Karl-Olof, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Distribution of occupied and vacant sites and migration of Lopinga achine (Nymphalidae : Satyrinae) in a fragmented landscape
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 102:2, s. 183-190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution of occupied and vacant sites and migration of the threatened butterfly Lopinga achine were studied in the province of ╓sterg÷tland, Sweden. The probability of occupation increased with increasing patch area and decreasing distance to the nearest occupied patch, presumably due to different probabilities of colonisation and survival of the populations inhabiting the patches. Probability of female emigration from and immigration to a patch increased with decreasing area. Middle-sized patches produced the largest number of female migrants, although the highest fraction was noted for the smallest patches, and the greatest number of females was marked in the largest patch. The fraction of resident females, but not males, increased with increasing area. The observed occupancy and migration pattern have important conservation implications: all but two populations comprising three or more individuals were within 740 m of the nearest neighbour, indicating the need for networks of suitable, closely situated patches. ⌐ 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 38. |
- Bergman, Karl-Olof, 1965-
(författare)
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Ecology and conservation of the butterfly Lopinga achine
- 2000
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ecology of the red-listed butterfly Lopinga achine was studied in partly open woodlands in the province of Östergotland, Sweden. Detailed autoecological research is essential for successful conservation of a species, and the present investigation focused on the initial aspects of such work, namely, choice of host plant, habitat selection, and dispersal ability. The effects of patch area, isolation, and successional stages of studied sites were also examined.The results indicate that L. achine depends on a single host plant, Carex montana. The females preferred to oviposit near this sedge, and most of the larvae (> 80%) were found on C. montana in the field. Egg-laying females and larvae were restricted to C. montana growing in a narrow zone along the edges of glades. This restriction to forest edges is probably the cause for the dependence of L. achine on a restricted stage of canopy cover. More specifically, no L. achine occurred at sites with less than 60% canopy cover, and population densities decreased sharply with more than 90% cover. Eighty-six percent of the studied sites that were occupied are unmanaged, thus the most important aspect of long-term conservation of L. achine is probably the deterministic changes of its woodland habitat. If the sites remain unmanaged, the system of populations will most likely collapse within 20-40 years. Populations of both L. achine and C. montana increased in size at experimentally managed sites where new glades were created. However, an important prerequisite of successful restoration appears to be the presence of C. montana along the edges of new glades from the start, because the rate of C. montana colonisation was slow.Most of the populations (50 of 79) were small (< 500 adults; none larger than 4,500) and seemed to show synchronous interannual fluctuation. The probability that a patch would be occupied increased with increasing patch area and decreasing distance to the nearest occupied patch. This was presumably due to different probabilities of extinctions, colonisations, and survival of the inhabiting populations. All but two of the sites with ≥ 3 individuals were within 740 m of the nearest neighbour. Patch size is also a key factor for occurrence: compared to larger patches, small patches are more dependent on neighbour populations.The majority of the movements were small and within sites, although in many cases the distance to other sites was less than 100 m. Only 56 individuals (4.0% of those recaptured) moved between sites. It seems that habitat patches of L. achine should be less than 700 m from each other to ensure inter-population contact. Fifteen to 20 wellconnected populations have been stated as a lower limit for a viable metapopulation.Based on these criteria, there are two groups of viable populations in the studied area,and these two groups will be given priority in future conservation work.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Bergman, Karl-Olof, 1965-
(författare)
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Host plant choice, habitat selection, dispersal ability and population structure of a threatened butterfly, Lopinga achine
- 1998
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Host plant choice, habitat selection and dispersal ability of the red-listed butterfly Lopinga achine were studied in partly open woodland in the province of Östergötland. Females preferred to oviposit near Carex montana, although they did not attach their eggs to any plant. Carex montana was also generally preferred by the larvae in laboratory experiments among plant species available in the field. Most of the larvae found in the field (>80%), were found on C. montana. Hence, C. montana seems to be a keystone resource for the studied populations of L. achine.Egg-laying females and larvae were found be restricted to a narrow zone along the edges of glades under a tree and bush canopy even though C. montana occurs outside this zone. This restriction to edges may be ascribed to two factors: First, egg survival was much higher at forest edges, being 48% compared with 12 and 14% in the sun of the open glades and in the shade, respectively. Second, host plant abundance in the shade under the tree and bush canopy is highest near the edge of the glades. Management to maintain glades and suitable edges is probably necessary for the long-term conservation of L. achine.Because of the recent fragmentation of its habitat, the dispersal ability of L. achine was considered important for its long-term survival. Of the 4546 individuals marked during three years, 1387 were recaptured at least once. Only 56 individuals (4,0% of the recaptured ones) were shown to have moved between populations. The mean distance between successive recaptures of the females varied between 94 and 116 meters and that of the males between 45 and 54 meters under the three years of study, and the maximum distance between any points of capture/recapture for an individual was 670 meters for one male. Movements of marked specimens between sites indicated that woods or forest edges enhance dispersal. Fewer butterflies moved between sites over open field than through woods or along edges. More females than males moved between sites and this difference increased with increasing age from three days until about ten days. Approximately 13% of the females 7-8 days old were shown to move to a new population. At this age, they had approximately 25 eggs left to lay, 15 - 20% of their total egg production. The mark -recapture results suggests that to maintain exchange between patches of L. achine they should not be farther apart than 300-800 metres depending of the matrix between patches.This study has identified the host plant, clarified habitat requirements and it has quantified movements of L. achine in Östergötland, the first necessary steps for a successful long -term conservation strategy of L. achine.
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| 41. |
- Bergman, Karl-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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How much and at what scale? Multiscale analyses as decision support for conservation of saproxylic oak beetles
- 2012
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 265, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key aspect for understanding species distributions is how they respond to habitat factors at different spatial scales. In this study we used a dataset mapping 33,000 large/hollow oaks, habitat for a guild of saproxylic beetles specialised on oaks at an extent of 10,000 km2. A total of 16 oak-dependent saproxylic species, out of 35, showed a clear relationship with substrate density at scales ranging from 52 m to ⩾5200 m. The characteristic scale of response for species richness of oak specialist species was 2284 m. At this scale, there was a tendency for richness to plateau at about 0.15 oaks ha−1, in which case about 250 hollow or large (circumference 310 cm) oaks would be needed in an area of 1600 ha to ensure a rich saproxylic oak fauna. The main general conclusions were: (i) a multi-scale approach is especially valuable to identify the characteristic scale of response; and that assuming a joint, single scale for all species may result in very poor decision support. (ii) The variation in species’ responses to substrate density at different scales means that habitat loss and fragmentation as well as management and restoration may have very different effects upon different species. (iii) Some species respond both to local and landscape scales, indicating that species occurrences in fragmented oak landscapes are affected both by short-term dynamics of the beetles and long term dynamics of the oak substrate. (iv) Maps, useful as decision support, can be constructed based on resource availability (in our case oak density) and characteristic scales.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Bergman, Karl-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Importance of scale and density of hollow oaks for saproxylic oak beetles
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the key aspects in conservation management and in understanding species distributions is how they respond to habitat factors at different scales. Old-growth deciduous forests is severely fragmented in Europe and the most important substrates for saproxylic beetles in this habitat is hollow veteran trees. In this study, we used an extensive field survey data, mapping all large and/or hollow oaks (ca 33,000) in an area of 10,000 km² in south-eastern Sweden. With beetle occurrence data from 38 sites we did a multi-scale analysis of how different beetle species responded to oak density. A total of 16 species responded significant to substrate density from 52 m to 5200 m showing that conclusions made from data measured on a single scale may lead to wrong conclusions. We hypothesized that larger species should respond to larger scales and that both local and landscape scales should be important for several species. We found no evidence for that larger species responded to substrate density at larger scales. However, several species as e.g. Tenebrio opacus, responded to oak density at both small a scale (92 m) and a large scale (859 m). The reason for the importance of two scales is probably that several processes are acting on different time scales and therefore over different spatial scales. Individual oaks may act as static patches in the short term and the small-scale response may reflect the scale of metapopulation dynamics. However, as changes in the densities of old oaks over larger landscapes over several centuries occurs, long-term substrate dynamics are expected to act over larger areas, reflecting the larger scale. The variation in species response to substrate density at different scales means that habitat loss and fragmentation will have different effects upon different species.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Bergman, Karl-Olof, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Population structure and movements of a threatened butterfly (Lopinga achine) in a fragmented landscape in Sweden
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 108:3, s. 361-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The red-listed butterfly Lopinga achine was studied by mark-recapture methods in southern Sweden for three seasons. We examined movement within and between populations and egg production in relation to age. The majority of the movements were small with mean movements between recaptures of 45-54 m for males and 94-116 m for females. There were few movements between sites, 20 of 996 recaptured males moved and 36 of 391 recaptured females, even though the distance to other sites was in many cases < 100 m. The distance moved and the number of females moving between sites increased with increasing age. On average, a female that moves does so after laying two-thirds of its eggs in its natal site. It is therefore important to take account of the proportion of reproductive effort involved in dispersal when estimating colonisation ability. The males did not move more with increasing age. Female behaviour can be seen as a "spread-the-risk" strategy, an adaptation to the successional habitat of L. achine, whose natal site sooner or later will deteriorate. Butterflies like L. achine living in successional habitats may exhibit mobility that is intermediate between butterflies living in ephemeral habitats (very mobile) and in long-lived habitats (sedentary). ⌐ 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 47. |
- Bergman, Karl-Olof, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Population viability analysis of the butterfly Lopinga achine in a changing landscape in Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Ecography. - : Wiley. - 0906-7590 .- 1600-0587. ; 27:1, s. 49-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metapopulation theory has generally focused only on the stochastic turn-over rate among populations and assumed that the number and location of suitable habitat patches will remain constant through time. This study combines in a PVA both the deterministic landscape dynamics and the stochastic colonisations and extinctions of populations for the butterfly Lopinga achine in Sweden. With data on occupancy pattern and the rate of habitat change, we built a simulation model and examined five different scenarios with different assumptions of landscape changes for L. achine. If no landscape changes would be expected, around 80 populations are predicted to persist during the next 100 yr. Adding the knowledge that many of the sites are unmanaged and that the host plant will slowly deteriorate as canopies close over, and adding environmental variation and synchrony, showed that the number of populations will decrease to around of 4.3 and 2.8 respectively, with an extinction risk of 34% - quite different from the first scenario based only on the metapopulation model. This study has shown the importance of incorporating both deterministic and stochastic events when making a reliable population viability analysis. Even though one can not expect that the long-term predictions of either occupied patches or extinction risks will be accurate quantitatively, the qualitative implications are correct. The extinction risk will be high if grazing is not applied to more patches than is the case today. The simulations indicate that an absolute minimum of 10-30 top-ranked patches needs to be managed for the persistence of the metapopulation of L. achine in the long term. The same problem of abandoned and overgrowing habitats affects many other threatened species in the European landscape and a similar approach could also be applied to them.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Bergman, Karl
(författare)
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Pest, produktion och politisk kultur, studier i statsbildning och örlogsstadens tidigmoderna historia
- 2012
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this book is the expansion of the Swedish navy and the founding of a naval city, and the manner in which this may have influenced the formation of the Swedish state. The period treated stretches from 1680 – when the Swedish government decided to establish a new naval base and to that end founded the naval city of Karlskrona – to the latter part of the eighteenth century, when large-scale production at the naval base was increasingly in evidence. The primary concern is the way in which small, everyday structures can change and influence the process of state-formation; how actual conflicts on the ground, conflict resolution, and the handling of manufacturing problems and disease seem to converge to make up the pattern we have subsequently characterized as modernity, as elements in a state-formation process. As a rule, research on state-formation takes its starting-point in an interest in the expansion of the land-based military forces in the early modern period. The basis for the present study, however, is research that has concentrated on the rise of the navies and their influence on state-formation, central to which here is the expansion of the Swedish navy, the new technological challenges it faced, changes in military leadership, and the immense costs and risks involved, all of which meant the Admiralty and navy were forced into new ways of thinking, and old social relationships and patterns were re-examined. The navy evolved into a catalyst for change. The study comprises three sub-studies, all of which contribute to a greater understanding of the overarching theme. The first sub-study deals with political culture, the patterns of interaction that evolved in the encounter between a citizenry with a deeply rooted merchant culture and an executive with strong centralizing ambitions, and draws on the literature that shows a Habermasian critical approach, in which the focus is on the forms the populace’s interactions took in the early modern period. It shows how political spatiality shaped the realm and how what we now term ‘private’ and ‘public’ became categories to be taken into account in the encounters between the various parties concerned. It was as part of this process that when it came to negotiation and compromise a pattern of interaction evolved that was for the most part authoritarian in nature. For the government and the navy it was a matter of winning over independent citizens, whose trade networks they wished to tap, in order to realize their foreign policy ambitions. All-too authoritarian intervention on the part of the government would in this case have been counterproductive. The second sub-study deals with the emergence of large-scale manufacturing, which evolved independently of the townsmen and craftsmen’s control. It takes as its starting-point the literature that seeks to problematize the term ‘proto- industrialism’. The pressures of a tense international situation and consequent military–political considerations led the government to invest heavily in the Swedish navy. As a consequence, larger volumes of materiel were the order of the day. The sub-study highlights the production of bread and snaps in particular. The shipyard engineers designed and constructed manufacturing facilities and machines to solve their production problems. The principles of standardization, experimentation, and engineering design arrived on the scene. Manual production was abandoned, at least in some manufacturing branches. The upshot was that old, ingrained social hierarchies of production and power were challenged and abandoned. The third sub-study concerns the plague that hit Karlskrona and the navy alike in 1710, and which would come to threaten the navy’s very existence. Its theoretical basis is the Foucaultian field of research on disease and disease control as a part of a shift in the balance of power, for it demonstrates that it was doctors, not priests, who stood at the Admiralty leadership’s right hand as advisors and experts. Religious rhetoric, as an explanatory model, was indeed in evidence, but played a subordinate role. The subsequent systemization centred on a belief in human – or rather learned doctors’ – powers of observation and ability to draw conclusions. Categorization, separation, and control were the key-words in the process. Against this was the populace’s grass-roots, religiously inspired behaviour; behaviour that in their rulers’ eyes was a threat to the natural order and had to be suppressed. Doctors with their ‘science’ and the military with their brute power made for a powerful combination in the struggle against what they saw as disorder. On the heels of this battle against the plague, the navy furthermore appeared in the guise of the defender of fundamental ‘welfare’, to use a modern expression. At the peak of the crisis, the naval base was the lone institution able to offer the promise of food and medicine. The first basic hospitals also began to take shape. So, three ‘tracks’ in a Swedish state-formation process: a political culture with a particular interaction pattern for policy; new forms of production that left their mark on central social relationships in society as a whole; and fresh thinking on how to combat disease that, as a form of logic, resulted in a power shift and social change. Was this all brought about by the navy and the Admiralty? The answer is no, far from it. Similar processes can be identified in other contexts. On the other hand, the external pressures and historical circumstances were such that the Admiralty and the navy at this point constituted an arena where these processes of change could find expression.
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