| 1. |
- Asutay, Erkin, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Emoacoustics : A Study of the Psychoacoustical and Psychological Dimensions of Emotional Sound Design
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of The Audio Engineering Society. - : Audio Engineering Society. - 1549-4950. ; 60:1-2, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even though traditional psychoacoustics has provided indispensable knowledge about auditory perception, it has, in its narrow focus on signal characteristics, neglected listener and contextual characteristics. To demonstrate the influence of the meaning the listener attaches to a sound in the resulting sensations we used a Fourier-time-transform processing to reduce the identifiability of 18 environmental sounds. In a listening experiment, 20 subjects listened to and rated their sensations in response to, first, all the processed stimuli and then, all original stimuli, without being aware of the relationship between the two groups. Another 20 subjects rated only the processed stimuli, which were primed by their original counterparts. This manipulation was used in order to see the difference in resulting sensation when the subject could tell what the sound source is. In both tests subjects rated their emotional experience for each stimulus on the orthogonal dimensions of valence and arousal, as well as perceived annoyance and perceived loudness for each stimulus. They were also asked to identify the sound source. It was found that processing caused correct identification to reduce substantially, while priming recovered most of the identification. While original stimuli induced a wide range of emotional experience, reactions to processed stimuli were emotionally neutral. Priming manipulation reversed the effects of processing to some extent. Moreover, even though the 5th percentile Zwickers-loudness (N5) value of most of the stimuli was reduced after processing, neither perceived loudness nor auditory-induced emotion changed accordingly. Thus indicating the importance of considering other factors apart from the physical sound characteristics in sound design.
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| 2. |
- Asutay, Erkin, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Emoacoustics: a study on the physical and psychological dimensions of sound design
- 2010
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Ingår i: 3rd Int. Workshop on Perceptual Quality of Systems, 2010, Bautzen, Germany. - 1680-8908. ; , s. 35-39
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychoacoustical research provided indispensible knowledge on how human audition works, which is necessary for successful sound design applications. It may, however, be argued that traditional psychoacoustics, in its narrow focus on signal characteristics, has neglected listener and contextual characteristics. Thus, to demonstrate the influence of meaning the listener attaches to a sound we used an FFT processing to reduce the identifiability of 18 environmental sounds, since source identification is central to meaning attribution. In a listening experiment, 20 subjects listened to and rated all the processed stimuli first and then original stimuli, without being aware of the existence of two sets. Another 20 subjects rated only the processed stimuli, which were primed by their original counterparts. This manipulation was used in order to see the difference when the subject could tell what the sound source is. In both tests subjects rated their emotional experience for each stimulus on the orthogonal dimensions of valence and arousal, as well as perceived annoyance and perceived loudness for each stimulus. They were also asked to identify the sound source. It was found that processing caused correct identification to reduce substantially, while priming recovered most of the identification. While original stimuli induced a wide range of emotional experience, reactions to processed stimuli were affectively neutral. Priming manipulation reversed the effects of processing to some extent. Moreover, even though Zwickers-loudness value of most of the stimuli was reduced after processing, perceived loudness was only decreased for affectively negative stimuli.
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| 3. |
- Bergman, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating Maternal Brain Alterations in Preeclampsia : the Need for a Multidisciplinary Effort
- 2019
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Ingår i: Current Hypertension Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1522-6417 .- 1534-3111. ; 21:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide insight into the mechanisms underlying cerebral pathophysiology and to highlight possible methods for evaluation, screening, and surveillance of cerebral complications in preeclampsia.RECENT FINDINGS: The pathophysiology of eclampsia remains enigmatic. Animal studies show that the cerebral circulation in pregnancy and preeclampsia might be affected with increased permeability over the blood-brain barrier and altered cerebral blood flow due to impaired cerebral autoregulation. The increased blood pressure cannot be the only underlying cause of eclampsia and cerebral edema, since some cases of eclampsia arise without simultaneous hypertension. Findings from animal studies need to be confirmed in human tissues. Evaluation of brain alterations in preeclampsia and eclampsia is challenging and demands a multidisciplinary collaboration, since no single method can accurately and fully describe how preeclampsia affects the brain. Cerebral complications of preeclampsia are significant factors in maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. No single method can accurately describe the full picture of how preeclampsia affects the brain vasculature and parenchyma. We recommend an international and multidisciplinary effort not only to overcome the issue of limited sample availability but also to optimize the quality of research.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bergman, Penny, et al.
(författare)
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Age-related decline in senses and cognition : A Review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Senses and Sciences. - Rom : Eleven Senses Info. - 2284-2489. ; 8:2, s. 1264-1292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Age-related decline in the senses is well-known, with a decline in the sensitivity of all senses having been observed. Decline in the senses can be connected to different neurological disorders and cognitive function and may even be a possible predictor of death. Aim: The aim of this narrative review was to find and explore recent literature on the covariation between age-related decline in the different senses and co-existing effects on cognitive ability and quality of life. Results and Discussion: Six themes could be identified, these were: “Decline due to normal ageing?”, “Technical aids and solutions”, “Wellbeing”, “Memory training”, “Verbal exercises” and “Sensory training”. Large differences between the different senses were obtained. However, the senses showed similar patterns in the different themes. Conclusion: It could be concluded that there are many similarities concerning the connections between the decline in individual senses and cognition and memory. Measurements of wellbeing and quality of life are common in the evaluation of the senses, and all types of decline have an impact on activities in daily life.
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| 6. |
- Bergman, Penny, et al.
(författare)
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Age-related decline in senses and cognition: A Review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Senses and Sciences. - : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. - 2284-2489. ; 8:2, s. 1264-1292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Age-related decline in the senses is well-known, with a decline in the sensitivity of all senses having been observed. Decline in the senses can be connected to different neurological disorders and cognitive function and may even be a possible predictor of death. Aim: The aim of this narrative review was to find and explore recent literature on the covariation between age-related decline in the different senses and co-existing effects on cognitive ability and quality of life. Results and Discussion: Six themes could be identified, these were: “Decline due to normal ageing?”, “Technical aids and solutions”, “Wellbeing”, “Memory training”, “Verbal exercises” and “Sensory training”. Large differences between the different senses were obtained. However, the senses showed similar patterns in the different themes. Conclusion: It could be concluded that there are many similarities concerning the connections between the decline in individual senses and cognition and memory. Measurements of wellbeing and quality of life are common in the evaluation of the senses, and all types of decline have an impact on activities in daily life.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bergman, Penny, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory-induced emotion mediates perceptual categorization of everyday sounds
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 7:OCT
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research has shown that emotion categorization plays an important role in perception and categorization in the visual domain. In the present paper, we investigated the role of auditory-induced emotions for auditory perception. We further investigated whether the emotional responses mediate other perceptual judgments of sounds. In an experiment, participants either rated general dissimilarities between sounds or dissimilarities of specific aspects of sounds. The results showed that the general perceptual salience map could be explained by both the emotional responses to, and perceptual aspects of, the sounds. Importantly, the perceptual aspects were mediated by emotional responses. Together these results show that emotions are an integral part of auditory perception that is used as the intuitive basis for categorizing everyday sounds.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bergman, Penny, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Emotion and meaning in interpretation of sound sources
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966. ; 123, s. 3567-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research regarding the perception of sound focuses in large on the acoustical properties of the sound. We argue that, for a more complete picture of sound perception, one must take the non‐physical properties into account. By changing the emotional descriptor of a sound the perception in terms of level of annoyance will change. The present study investigates how a priming picture placing the origin of the sound in either a positive or negative environment affects the level of annoyance to same sound. Three different sounds were used in the experiment, all based on pink noise. The participants were, in the beginning of each sound, exposed to a picture telling where the sound originated. The picture was either a positive environment (a picture of a waterfall) or a negative environment (a picture of a larger factory). While listening to the sounds the participants completed different performance tasks. In the end of each sound the participants rated the level of annoyance. Results show that the annoyance ratings are significantly lower when primed with a positive picture. Results also indicate that for more attention demanding tasks this correlation is stronger. The findings are discussed in relation to theories of sound perception.
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| 11. |
- Bergman, Penny, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Emotion and meaning in interpretation of sound sources
- 2008
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Ingår i: 7th European Conference on Noise Control 2008, EURONOISE 2008, Paris, France, 29 June - 4 July 2008. - 2226-5147. ; , s. 3925-3929
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research regarding the perception of sound focuses in large on the acoustical properties of the sound. We argue that, for a more complete picture of sound perception, one must take the non-physical properties into account. By changing the emotional descriptor of a sound the perception in terms of level of annoyance will change. The present study investigates how a priming picture placing the origin of the sound to either a positive or negative environment affects the level of annoyance to same sound. 3 different sounds were used in the experiment, all based on pink noise. The participants were in the beginning of each sound exposed to a picture telling where the sound originated. The picture was either a positive environment (a picture of a waterfall) or a negative environment (a picture of a larger factory). While listening to the sounds the participants completed different performance tasks. In the end of each sound the participants rated level of annoyance to the sound. Results show that the annoyance ratings are significantly lower when primed with a positive picture. Results also indicate that for more attention demanding tasks this correlation is stronger. The findings are discussed in relation to theories of sound perception.
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| 12. |
- Bergman, Penny, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptual and emotional categorization of sound
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1520-8524 .- 0001-4966. ; 126:6, s. 3156-3167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates how different types of data from psychoacoustical experiments may be combined to render further knowledge about the mechanisms underlying sound perception. Two studies were conducted with auditory alerts of short duration. First, an experiment where participants rated the dissimilarity among the auditory alerts was performed. This resulted in a two-dimensional multi-dimensional scaling solution. Second, an experiment where participants evaluated the stimuli with semantic descriptors and rated their emotional reactions to the sounds was performed. The output of this experiment was a reduced set of underlying perceptual and emotional dimensions. The results of the two experiments were then integrated by the use of multi-dimensional perceptual unfolding and a set mediation analyses. The integrative analyses showed that part of the cognitive categorization of the semantic descriptors was mediated by the emotional reactions to the sounds. The results are discussed in relation to theories of auditory perception and emotional response categorization.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bergman, Penny, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptual validation of auralized heavy-duty vehicles
- 2015
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Ingår i: Euronoise 2015. ; , s. 769-774
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Auralization is a valuable tool when evaluating the effect of traffic noise on people. The present study focuses on the validation of auralization of heavy-duty vehicles with a diesel engine. To capture the characteristics of the diesel engine a granular approach has been used. The granular approach has proven to be successful in a previous validation test examining two microphone positions around a still-standing truck. In the present study a granular approach was used to achieve pass-by noise at an artificial listening position alongside a Volvo truck (experiment 1) and pass-by noise inside an apartment (experiment 2). The aim of experiment 1 was to determine the number of interpolated sets of grains needed, in order to create a perceptually valid auralized signal. The results were used in the auralization of pass-by noise in an apartment in experiment 2. 20 and 15 participants respectively rated original recordings and auralized signals on four different attributes: realism, annoyance, and emotional response measured by valence and arousal. The results of both experiments suggest that auralizations of heavy-duty vehicles are successful and usable. It further indicates that what distinguish the auralized signals from the original recordings is mostly the arousal responses.
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| 15. |
- Bergman, Penny, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Sound preference as a moderator to restorative environments
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 6th Forum Acusticum 2011, Aalborg, 27 June - 1 July 2011. - 2221-3767. ; , s. 1065-1068
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With increased stressful situations in the society the demands for restorative environments with a high ability to reduce stress increase. Studies of urban soundscapes have mainly focused on what kind of sounds that cause annoyance, or increase stress. Fewer have addressed the opposite: how may sound decrease perceived stress levels? Visual modality studies show a high correlation between preferred environments and their ability to reduce stress levels. Hypothetically the same should apply within the auditory modality. In order to study the possible effect of preferred sounds as a moderator for stress reduction: 24 participants were exposed to a stress inducing computer game and a subsequent rest while listening to either preferred or non-preferred sounds. The sounds were environmental sounds and rated by each participant in terms of preference before the experiment started. Experienced stress was measured right after the stress induction and after 20 minute long rests. The results show a significant decrease of perceived stress when exposed to preferred environmental sounds. When listening to the less preferred sounds during the rest there was no significant reduction of perceived stress. The results will be discussed in relation to theories of emoacoustics and attention restoration.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bergman, Penny, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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The pleasant heat? Evidence for thermal-emotional implicit associations occurring with semantic and physical thermal stimulation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Cognitive Neuroscience. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1758-8928 .- 1758-8936. ; 6:1, s. 24-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between thermal and emotional experiences in interpersonal relations is intuitively apparent and has been confirmed by previous studies. However, research has not yet elucidated whether such an association is grounded in mental processes occurring at an intrapersonal (internal) level. In two experiments we examined whether the thermal-emotional associations can be observed at an intrapersonal level. We looked at the speed and accuracy of stimuli categorization. Experiment 1 examined the implicit semantic association between temperature (warm versus cold) and emotional valence (positive versus negative). Experiment 2 examined the association between experience of physical temperature and emotional valence. In both experiments warm-positive/cold-negative associations were demonstrated. These results suggest a conceptual and perceptual mapping in the mental representation of emotion and temperature, which occurs at an intrapersonal level, and which might serve as the ground to the interpersonal thermal-emotional interactions.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bergman, Penny, 1982
(författare)
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The role of embodied emotions in perceptual decisions and categorization of sounds
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- How do people react emotionally to sound? In particular how does emotion affect interpretation, perceptual judgment and categorization of auditory stimuli? This thesis explored 1) how sound and emotion relate to each other, 2) whether this relationship can be modified by embodied associations and 3) if the emotional responses influence the perceptual decisions of sounds. Paper I investigated the emotional reactions to the perception of the acoustic properties of frequency and intensity. Paper II investigated whether the relationship between emotion and perception could be associated with each other through an embodied perspective. Paper III further investigated the embodied relations, using thermal stimuli instead, to discern whether embodied associations would influence information processing. Paper IV and Paper V examined whether emotional responses influence the perceptual decisions of sound, and whether additional non-physical factors in the sound affect this relationship.Taken together, in each of the empirical studies we may conclude that emotions are central for perception and perceptual decisions of sounds. Further, this relationship must take the embodied perspective into account. The co-experiences of emotional responses and perceptual aspects appear to create a robust association pattern that affects both inter-personal relations as well as intra-personal reactions. It may also be concluded that there are several application possibilities in the intersection between emotion, perception and cognition, both concerning general health and well-being as well as in sound design of various products.
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| 20. |
- Bergman, Penny, 1982
(författare)
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The Role of Emotion in the Interpretation of Sounds
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Historically there has been a conceptual distinction between reason and passion, i.e. emotions and higher levels of cognitive processing has been viewed apart from each other and studied separately. Recent research suggest a more dynamic interaction where the emotional responses may affect several aspects of higher level cognitive functioning. This thesis focuses on how an integrated analysis can discern the relationship between interpretation and emotion responses in auditory signals. It concludes that the interpretations of perceptual qualities in sounds are affected by the emotional responses to the sounds.Paper I studied auditory alerts in two stages. First by a general dissimilarity rating where the participants rated perceived dissimilarity. This resulted in a two-dimensional multidimensional scaling solution. In a second experiment the participants rated each sound with semantic descriptors as well as their emotional reactions measured by hedonic valence and arousal. The results from the two experiments were then integrated by the use of multidimensional perceptual unfolding and a set mediation analyses. The latter showed that part of the cognitive categorization of the semantic descriptors was mediated by the emotional reactions to the sounds. Paper II further investigated the role of emotion in interpretation of perceptual qualities in everyday sounds. The participants conducted a general dissimilarity rating of 12 sounds, parametrically chosen from three levels of hedonic valence (high, neutral, low) and four categories of sounds (human, animals, environmental, and mechanical). Afterwards the participants rated their emotional reaction to each sound. At a second occasion, same participants conducted seven focused dissimilarity ratings concerning emotional aspects and perceptual qualities in the sounds. The general dissimilarity ratings resulted in a three-dimensional scaling. Both the emotional reactions as well as the perceptual qualities from the specific dissimilarity ratings (in at least one dimension) could explain the first dimension in the general perceptual space. Subsequent mediation analyses revealed that the emotional responses mediated the physical perception.The second and the third dimension were explained by theory-categorization. E.g. in the second dimension the participants differentiated between living and nonliving sources. The two paper together support the use of integrated analysis to determine the underlying perceptual mechanisms in perception of sounds. The research suggests that emotional reactions are fundamental in interpretation of perceptual qualities in sounds and that emotion categorization is a strong influence in perception. This further suggests that auditory signals are promising in promoting emotion regulation. This could be applied in e.g. restorative soundscapes.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Collier, Elizabeth S, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying barriers to decreasing meat consumption and increasing acceptance of meat substitutes among Swedish consumers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Appetite. - : Academic Press. - 0195-6663 .- 1095-8304. ; 167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key lifestyle change people could make to reduce their environmental impact is to reduce their meat consumption. However, meat is still a staple in many people's diet, and some consumers are reluctant to cut down. Meat substitutes, if accepted as adequate replacements for meat, may offer a suitable alternative without leaving consumers feeling dissatisfied. The aim of the present study was to identify psychological barriers to reducing meat consumption and increasing use of meat substitutes among Swedish consumers. Participants engaged in focus group discussions around purchasing, preparing, and consuming meat and meat substitutes. Four main themes were identified through thematic analysis: uncertainty, scepticism, health, and identity. These are discussed in relation to previous work on the barriers to reducing meat consumption. Strategies to communicate the environmental impact of meat to consumers and effect change through behavioural interventions are considered. © 2021 The Authors
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| 23. |
- Collier, Elizabeth S, et al.
(författare)
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Making More Sustainable Food Choices One Meal at a Time : Psychological and Practical Aspects of Meat Reduction and Substitution
- 2022
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Ingår i: Foods. - : MDPI. - 2304-8158. ; 11:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Switching out meat in favour of plant-based alternatives such as meat substitutes is an important step towards eating more sustainably. Here, the aim was to identify and explore the specific barriers experienced by Swedish consumers when replacing meat with more sustainable alternatives. All meat-eating participants in this study reported some interest in reducing their meat consumption. Aspects of home-use and central-location test methods were combined by using a digital conferencing system to host cooking sessions and focus group discussions online, which was shown to be a viable setup even in this hands-on setting. The discussions targeted participants’ experience preparing meals using meat substitutes as well as their perceived motivators and barriers to reducing meat consumption. Four themes identified through thematic analysis indicated that meat-eating participants, despite their desire or intent to reduce their meat consumption, experienced barriers relating to the following: internal conflict due to holding multiple positive and negative beliefs about meat simultaneously (ambivalence), justification of eating meat (rationalisation), a desire for variety in and control over their food choices (agency), and sensitivity to the views and expectations of other people and the situational context regarding meat (social and structural factors). Possible strategies to support ambivalent individuals in aligning their behaviour with their beliefs instead of vice versa are discussed in the context of the meat paradox. Agency and practical skills, including increasing knowledge in preparing meals with plant-based proteins, likely play a role in bridging this intention–behaviour gap. © 2022 by the authors.
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| 24. |
- Costa, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring seafood choices at the point of purchase among a sample of Swedish consumers
- 2024
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Ingår i: British Food Journal. - : EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0007-070X .- 1758-4108. ; 126:13, s. 269-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeSeafood consumption in Sweden is below the national recommendations and limited to very few species. This study aims to explore the factors shaping seafood choices at the point of purchase among a sample of current consumers in Sweden, and examines their attitudes regarding seafood consumption more broadly.Design/methodology/approachConvenience sampling was used to recruit consumers planning to purchase seafood at a supermarket in Sweden. Participants' shopping trip was recorded using wearable eye tracking glasses and, upon completion, semi-structured interviews were conducted using a cued retrospective think aloud method. This exploratory study integrates qualitative data (N = 39) with eye tracking data (N = 34), to explore how seafood choices unfold when consumers purchase at the point of purchase.FindingsPurchases were mostly restricted to familiar seafood species. Four interlinked main themes were identified from thematic analysis of the interview data: Ambivalence, Nice and Necessary, Proficiency with Seafood and External Influences. Sustainability information (e.g. certifications) faced strong competition from other visual elements at the point of purchase, receiving less attention than product imagery and pricing information.Originality/valueThis study is the first to explore the factors shaping seafood choices of current consumers at the point of purchase. The unique approach, combining explicit and implicit measures, enriches understanding of the factors influencing seafood choices and how these may interrelate. The results are valuable for the industry and contribute to the literature by identifying possible routes to improve seafood sustainability communication.
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| 25. |
- Costa, Elena, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring seafood choices at the point of purchase among a sample of Swedish consumers
- 2024
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Ingår i: BRITISH FOOD JOURNAL. - : EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0007-070X .- 1758-4108. ; 126:13, s. 269-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeSeafood consumption in Sweden is below the national recommendations and limited to very few species. This study aims to explore the factors shaping seafood choices at the point of purchase among a sample of current consumers in Sweden, and examines their attitudes regarding seafood consumption more broadly.Design/methodology/approachConvenience sampling was used to recruit consumers planning to purchase seafood at a supermarket in Sweden. Participants' shopping trip was recorded using wearable eye tracking glasses and, upon completion, semi-structured interviews were conducted using a cued retrospective think aloud method. This exploratory study integrates qualitative data (N = 39) with eye tracking data (N = 34), to explore how seafood choices unfold when consumers purchase at the point of purchase.FindingsPurchases were mostly restricted to familiar seafood species. Four interlinked main themes were identified from thematic analysis of the interview data: Ambivalence, Nice and Necessary, Proficiency with Seafood and External Influences. Sustainability information (e.g. certifications) faced strong competition from other visual elements at the point of purchase, receiving less attention than product imagery and pricing information.Originality/valueThis study is the first to explore the factors shaping seafood choices of current consumers at the point of purchase. The unique approach, combining explicit and implicit measures, enriches understanding of the factors influencing seafood choices and how these may interrelate. The results are valuable for the industry and contribute to the literature by identifying possible routes to improve seafood sustainability communication.
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| 26. |
- Edblad, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Ett digitalt system för ökad källsortering och engagemang i offentlig miljö
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As we cope with our society’s increasingly hectic pace, sales of fast food and "on-the-go" products have dramatically increased. This consumption has led to increasing amounts of waste packaging in the public environment. While littering is a visible problem so is the appropriate provision of waste bins. The vast majority of waste collected from the public environment is not sorted for material recycling. The purpose of the project was to test and evaluate a deposit-return-system on “on-the-go” single use packaging. A three-month test focused on coffee cups. A local marketing communications campaign provided consumers with information on how the packaging was to be recycled. Mini-recycling stations (paper, glass, plastic and ‘other’) were provided within a short walk. The numerous regular ‘unsorted’ waste bins remained in place during the test. When buying a coffee at participating cafes in Örnsköldsvik, between 1 June and 31 August 2021, consumers paid an additional 2 SEK. This deposit was refunded to the consumer when they recycled their coffee cup. This was done using a smartphone ‘app’ at one of the eight mini-recycling stations in the city center. It was also possible to get the refund at the conventional household packaging recycling stations in Örnsköldsvik. The evaluation considered three areas. Firstly, the extent consumers retrieved the deposit. In the test consumers retrieved the deposit about 10% of the time. The majority was refunded and recycled at conventional recycling stations where consumers normally recycle household packaging. Secondly, recycling levels and the purity of collected waste. The test demonstrated increased sorting and improved sorting quality. Of the paper coffee cups left at one of the eight mini-recycling stations, 90% were sorted in the correct fraction. Compared to other beverage paper cups of which 70% were sorted correctly. When considering the unsorted waste from the numerous regular waste bins, an overall recycling level of 56% of refundable coffee cups was achieved. This, together with the low share of coffee cups refunded, indicates that the proximity and convenience of disposal has a higher value than the need to recycle. Thirdly, acceptance among consumers and cafés. A deposit-return-system for on-the-go packaging was not crucial for increasing recycling in public environment. The participating and surveyed consumers were positive towards the project's aim to increase recycling of on-the-go packaging. They did not, however, appreciate the design of the app used in the project. Café owners varied in their perception of the digital deposit system. The main project conclusion is that a deposit-return-system for on-the-go packaging is not crucial for increased source sorting in public environments. This was an ambitious project testing consumer behavioral change. Örnsköldsvik’s city centre went from using bins without the possibility of recycling-to-recycling stations in public environments with the possibility to recycle coffee cups with a refund. While residents and visitors participated, there was limited marketing and only a three-month test period. As a consequence, results must be qualified by the relatively small data sets. That includes physical volumes of cups refunded and recycled, the number of respondents in interviews and surveys. Örnsköldsvik’s city centre has retained recycling stations following the project.
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| 27. |
- Florén, Britta, et al.
(författare)
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Förstudie: Smart och klimatmedveten matbutik för morgondagens konsumenter och samhälle
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vid sidan om transporter och bostäder så står maten för en av de stora klimatutmaningarna nu och framöver. Matens del av den totala konsumtionsdrivna klimatpåverkan i Sverige är idag cirka 25 %, ca 2 ton CO2-e per person och år. Genom att underlätta för konsumenter att välja mer klimatsmarta val vid livsmedelsinköp finns en möjlighet att minska klimatpåverkan från livsmedel. I ett nudgingförsök på mat.se sänkte medverkande kunder sin klimatpåverkan från livsmedel med 7 procent baserat på genomsnittliga kg CO2-e per order. Under motsvarande period minskade icke-deltagande konsumenter sitt klimatavtryck med 3 procent med samma beräkningsmetod. Förstudien har undersökt hur information om klimatpåverkan hos olika livsmedel tillsammans med tillgängliggörandet av klimatsmartare alternativ (nudging) kan förändra köpbeteendet hos konsumenten. Målet har varit att minska klimatpåverkan i staden. Förstudien har fokuserat på metoder och parametrar viktiga för att locka fler att medvetet eller omedvetet handla mer miljö-/klimat-smartare mat. Livskraftiga städer som uppmuntrar till hållbara livsstilar kräver innovativa lösningar som underlättar för konsumenten att välja rätt. Projektupplägget har bestått av en kartläggning av nuvarande situation, nudgingförsök samt projektworkshops. Kartläggningen genomfördes för att avgöra vilka produkter som är av specifikt intresse att tillgängliggöra klimatsmartare alternativ. RISE klimatdatabas för livsmedel har varit central i denna del för att identifiera vilka beslutsval som har kapacitet att ge en betydande klimatnytta. Nudgingförsöket har byggts upp i en två-stegs nudgingmodell där konsumenterna först har aktivt fått välja att medverka i projektet (steg 1). För de som väljer att förbinda sig till detta har klimatsmartare alternativ lyfts upp till det först visade alternativet vid vissa specifika sökord (steg 2). Projektdeltagare: - Mat.se, en innovativ aktör inom e-handel som vill utveckla lösningar för en minskad klimatpåverkan från livsmedelskonsumtion.- Göteborg Stad deltog som representant för medborgaren och staden, - Handelshögskolan (GU) med forskningsexpertis inom nudging. - RISE, experter inom livsmedels klimatpåverkan och beteendevetenskap.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Hoffmann, Alice, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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There’s a car coming? - Psychometric function for car pass-by in background noise based on simulated data
- 2015
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Ingår i: Euronoise 2015, 10th European Congress on Noise Control Engineering. - 2226-5147. ; , s. 2417-2421
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To detect an approaching car in background noise is an important aspect of traffic safety. Therefore itis essential to understand the determinants that makes people recognize an approaching car especiallywhen the cars become very quiet at low speeds as it is the case for electrical cars for instance. Moststudies on the detection of passenger cars in background noise are based on recorded signals. Thisrequires that suitable recordings are available both for the background sound as well as the test sound(i.e. the sound of the approaching vehicle). Due to the limited control of such situations the degreesof freedom to be varied in such experiments is limited as well. In the presented study a differentapproach has been employed. The utilized sounds are based on an auralization method that allowsfor simulating vehicle sounds including both tyre/road noise and propulsion noise. Single car eventscan thus be superposed to background sound with full control of all relevant parameters. The usedauralization method has in earlier studies been validated for giving good perceptual ratings comparedto recorded sounds. The method allows for evaluating the psychometric functions for single parametersand hopefully give a deeper understanding of the perceptual space for a car in background noise. Inthe present study the reaction time is measured for the detection of a car (test vehicle) passing byin the presence of background noise from a road with high traffic flow. The distance between the thepath of the test vehicle and the highly trafficked road is varied. All other parameters (i.e. car-type,road surface, speed, etc.) are kept constant. The study shows that there is a logarithmic relationbetween the response times and the distance between the the track of the test car and the road withhigh traffic volume. At the same time there is a linear relation between reaction time and signal tonoise ratio (i.e. the equivalent sound pressure level in relation to the background level).
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Höstmad, Patrik, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Off-peak low noise heavy-duty vehicles, facade insulation and indoor noise disturbance
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the INTER-NOISE 2016 - 45th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering. - 9783939296119 ; , s. 5258-5266, s. 5258-5266
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Off-peak delivery of goods can result in increased transport efficiency, fuel savings, less pollution and increased traffic safety. However, unless carefully managed it causes increased annoyance and health risks for inhabitants exposed to the transportation noise during hours used for recovery and sleep. The presented work focuses on heavy-duty vehicles with Diesel engines during the "last mile" of the transport corridor through densely populated city centers. The aim is to study preconditions, open questions, and problem areas when nighttime soundscapes are altered by low noise vehicles. By using measured and simulated sounds, different driving conditions and acoustical treatments of vehicles and facade were studied at the facade and indoors in terms of 1/3-octaveband levels and judgments in listening tests. The evaluation shows that low-frequency noise of the vehicles is important indoors, while high-frequency noise is the major contributor outdoors. According to the listening tests the low-frequency noise is coupled to the degree of reported arousal, indicating that reduced low-frequency noise is especially important at nighttime. It was concluded that an acceptable indoor environment was achieved with a modified truck that is driven by a responsible driver, and by using "noise proof" windows with higher sound insulation.
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| 33. |
- Höstmad, Patrik, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a low noise truck specification
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report summarises the most important findings in the research project Quiter Transport for More Efficient Distribution aiming at the outline of a sound characterisation specification for noise improved heavy-duty trucks for nighttime distribution of goods. The focus in the project was on the "last mile" of the transport corridor through densely populated city centres, i.e. transport through rather narrow street canyons lined with residential housings. The noise of the loading or unloading of the goods at the destination is beyond the scope of the project. Section 2 gives the general description of the involved elements; the outdoor truck sound source, the street canyon amplification and reverberation, noise reduction by windows and facades, and the indoor noise levels due to a truck passing by in the street. Section 3 gives some specific results from the project; the results of the modifications of a truck with the purpose to reduce outdoor and indoor noise evaluated by measurements. Section 4 summarises the results of the listening clinics; including fundamental and specific results test subjects evaluating their response to real and synthesised outdoor and indoor sound of a heavy-duty truck, a light-duty van and the modified heavy-duty truck. Section 5 discusses, from various perspectives, sound attributes of a low noise truck suitable for nighttime distribution of goods. Finally, Section 6 gives the conclusions in a concise format.
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| 34. |
- Niimi, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Does cooking ability affect consumer perception and appreciation of plant-based protein in Bolognese sauces?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - : Elsevier. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Encouraging consumers to reduce their meat consumption is imperative in mitigating climate change effects related to the food industry. For some, transitioning away from meat may be facilitated by meat substitutes. However, these are not always accepted as suitable alternatives to meat due to a combination of psychological, situational, and sensorial aspects. The influence of factors such as cooking ability on hedonics and sensory discrimination of meat and meat substitutes is currently under-researched. The present study investigated such effects. Consumers (N = 101) of varying cooking ability and food neophobia (measured using questionnaires) tasted and evaluated six mince products (one beef and five meat substitutes - three soybean-based, one mycoprotein-based, and one oat-based) prepared in a Bolognese sauce. They rated liking for overall, appearance, aroma, taste/flavour, and texture, and profiled the products sensorially using check-all-that-apply (CATA). It was found that meat substitutes can be liked just as much as, if not more than, beef in the application of Bolognese sauce. No main effects of cooking ability were found for any modality of liking, though an interaction between cooking ability and sample was found for liking of flavour/taste. Consumers' ability to sensorially discriminate between the Bolognese sauces was not dependent on their cooking ability. Several attributes that contributed to (dis)liking were identified. An additional online sample (N = 288) completed only the cooking ability and food neophobia questionnaires. A negative relationship was detected between cooking ability and food neophobia for the combined consumer and online datasets (total N = 389).
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| 35. |
- Niimi, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Sample discrimination through profiling with rate all that apply (RATA) using consumers is similar between home use test (HUT) and central location test (CLT)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of testing locations, home use test (HUT) and central location test (CLT) on consumer evaluations of food products using rate all that apply (RATA) was investigated. As a case study, eight cold cuts were evaluated: four vegetarian/vegan and four meat-based products. A between-subjects design was used, whereby consumers were randomly allocated to either HUT or CLT test location (58 and 71 consumers, respectively). To retain as much similarity as possible across locations, consumers in both groups received identical bags of products with palate cleansers and instructions. Consumers evaluated the products using a lexicon consisting of 32 sensory attributes based on similar studies and benchtop tasting, using RATA with 7pt scales. A total of 30 and 31 attributes differed significantly (p < 0.05) across the products for HUT and CLT, respectively. Sample discrimination was similar between the two locations. Location significantly (p < 0.05) affected discrimination of 14 attributes, but a particular location having consistently higher attribute means was not observed. Bootstrapping of the attribute means per product showed no significant differences between the two testing locations, and multilevel regression models using Bayesian inference did not reveal marked differences in expected ratings between locations. Further comparisons of sample discrimination patterns through principal component analysis showed that the two locations were very similar, including the overlap of confidence ellipses. The between-subjects design strengthens the results: that comparable sensory profiles were obtained from different consumers in different testing locations supports the notion that RATA data from consumers can be reliably collected for relatively sensorially distinct products with minimal data compromise.
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| 36. |
- Olsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Utveckling av näringsladdad broccolisoppa
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hälsosamma livsmedel är idag något som många konsumenter prioriterar när de väljer mat till måltider, och intresset är också stort för färdiga rätter. Detta projekt initierades för att öka intresset för konsumtion av broccoli, en produkt med bra hälsovärde beaktat innehåll av näringsämnen och andra nyttiga ämnen, och att möta konsumenters efterfrågan på hälsosamma färdiga rätter. Broccolisorten ’Beneforte’ valdes eftersom denna sort har en dokumenterad högre halt av glukorafanin*. Det pågår kliniska studier i Europa om hälsoeffekter av broccolisorter med hög halt av detta ämne och dessa skulle kunna leda till att ett hälsopåstående blir godkänt av EFSA, den europeiska livssäkerhetsmyndigheten. Produkter baserade på denna broccolisort skulle då kunna marknadsföras med hälsopåståendet.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Wendin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Multi challenges for a multisensory panel
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sensory science is defined as a scientific method used to evoke, measure, analyze, and interpret those responses to products as perceived through the senses of sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing (Stone and Sidel, 1993). This definition encompasses both analytical methods, such as descriptive and discriminative testing and hedonic methods, including qualitative and quantitative consumer testing used to address sensory research objectives. To select and train a sensory panel with the purpose of using all their senses in evaluating products is a challenge. There are different types of standards on how to select and train sensory analytical panels. However, there are no standard covering all senses. The challenges for a multisensory approach are many. In this paper our focus is on:Select an analytical multisensory panelTrain and keep a multisensory panel updatedSome guidance to select and train a multisensory panel might be found in the ISO standard ISO8586:2012. Criteria for tastes and odours are clear and concise. Some advices concerning tactile senses (perception of texture) and vision (colour vision) are given. To find guidance in measuring the sensorial perception of audio and vision the literature might be consulted eg by Zackarov and Bech (2006), Legarth and Zacharov (2009) and Rossi (2013). The poster will show suggestions and experiences on how to select a multisensory panel.
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| 39. |
- Wendin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Multi challenges for a multisensory panel
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sensory science is defined as a scientific method used to evoke, measure, analyze, and interpret those responses to products as perceived through the senses of sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing (Stone and Sidel, 1993). This definition encompasses both analytical methods, such as descriptive and discriminative testing and hedonic methods, including qualitative and quantitative consumer testing used to address sensory research objectives. To select and train a sensory panel with the purpose of using all their senses in evaluating products is a challenge. There are different types of standards on how to select and train sensory analytical panels. However, there are no standard covering all senses. The challenges for a multisensory approach are many. In this paper our focus is on: Select an analytical multisensory panel Train and keep a multisensory panel updated Some guidance to select and train a multisensory panel might be found in the ISO standard ISO8586:2012. Criteria for tastes and odours are clear and concise. Some advices concerning tactile senses (perception of texture) and vision (colour vision) are given. To find guidance in measuring the sensorial perception of audio and vision the literature might be consulted eg by Zackarov and Bech (2006), Legarth and Zacharov (2009) and Rossi (2013). The poster will show suggestions and experiences on how to select a multisensory panel.
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