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1.	Bergman, Mats, 1964-, et al. (författare) Offentlig upphandling : på rätt sätt och till rätt pris 2011 Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
2.	Bergman, Stefan, et al. (författare) Chronic widespread pain in adolescents is highly associated to stress and anxiety 2015 Ingår i: Meeting abstracts. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
3.	Bergman, Stefan, 1959-, et al. (författare) Chronic Widespread Pain in Adolescents Is Highly Associated to Stress and Anxiety 2015 Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 67:Suppl. S10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background/Purpose: Chronic widespread pain (CWP), one of the hallmarks of fibromyalgia, is not uncommon in adolescents and it has previously been shown that adolescents with pain often become young adults with pain. CWP often co-varies with anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms in adults, but the knowledge regarding this is small in youth and young adults.The aim was to study the associations between CWP, anxiety, depression and stress in adolescents attending first year of high school.Methods: A computerized questionnaire to 296 adolescents attending Swedish high school, with validated questions regarding presence and distribution of pain (Epipain mannequin), stress symptoms (ELO question), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – HADS), and health related quality of life (HRQL as measured by EQ5D). Pain was considered chronic when persistent for more than three months, and the subgroup CWP was defined according to the 1990 ACR criteria for fibromyalgia. Statistical analyses in SPSS v21 with comparison of means by Student’s t-test and proportions by chi2-test or Fischer’s exact test.Results: 257 (87%) out of 296 eligible students, mean (SD) age 16.1 (0.7) and 65.8% girls, responded to the questionnaire. Prevalence of chronic pain was 20.8% and that of the subgroup CWP was 4.7%, without any gender differences (boys 18.2% vs girls 22.2%; p=0.224, and 3.4% vs 5.4%; p=0.692). High level (4 or 5 on a 5 point scale) of stress symptoms were less common in boys (16.0% vs 28.2%; p=0.015), as was possible or probable anxiety (17.1% vs 44.4%; p<0.001), but not depression (10.3% vs 12.5%; p=0.764). Students with high level of stress reported CWP five times more often than those with less stress (30.4% vs 5.8%; p=0.001). Students with probable anxiety reported CWP ten times more often than students with no anxiety (17.6% vs 1.8%; p=0.001), and CWP was also more common, but not statistically significant, in students with probable depression (20.0% vs 3.1%; p=0.163). Those reporting CWP had significantly lower HRQL (0.58 vs 0.87; p=0.038) than students with no chronic pain.Conclusion: The high prevalence of chronic pain and the strong associations between CWP and reports of stress and anxiety in adolescents highlights that a multifactorial background to chronic pain must be considered early in life. An apparent lower score in EQ5D also indicates that the presence of CWP has an marked impact on HRQL also in adolescents.
4.	Malmborg, Julia, 1988-, et al. (författare) Sleeping Problems and Anxiety is Associated to Chronic Multisite Musculoskeletal Pain in Swedish High School Students 2018 Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - London : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 77:Suppl. 2, s. 226-226 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Background: The relationship between chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain (CMP) and sleep is complex, where pain can lead to sleeping problems and lack of sleep can intensify the pain perception. Most previous studies relates to adults, but adolescents may also suffer from CMP, and there is a need for more knowledge regarding the relationships between CMP and sleeping problems, stress, anxiety, depression, and health status.Objectives: To study background factors associated to CMP in first year Swedish high school students.Methods: First year Swedish high school students (n=296) were invited to complete questionnaires on chronic pain (mannequin with 18 body regions), sleeping problems (Uppsala Sleep Inventory, four items scored from 1–5), stress (ELO questions, scored from 1–5), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, scored from 0–21), health status (EQ-5D, scored from 0 to 1, worst to best) and physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, categorised into low, moderate and high levels). Stress and sleeping items were dichotomized into 1–3 points (best) vs 4–5 points (worst). Individuals scoring at least severe problems (4 points) at one or more sleeping items were classified as having severe sleeping problems. HADS were categorised as non-cases (0–7), possible7–10 and probable cases (11–21 points). Students were grouped as having CMP (pain present in ≥3 regions) or not (no chronic pain or chronic pain in 1–2 regions). Multiple logistic regression analyses (adjusted for sex) with CMP as dependent variable were performed in SPSS, version 24.Results: 254 students (86% of total sample, 87 boys and 167 girls) with a mean age of 16.1 (SD 0.6) years participated in the study. CMP was present in 25 (9.8%) students with no differences between boys and girls (8.0% vs 10.8%; p=0.488). Having CMP was associated with reporting severe sleeping problems (OR 2.49, 95% CI: 1.06 to 5.81, p=0.035) with initiating sleep, maintaining sleep, early morning awakenings and/or not feeling restored after sleep in comparison to the other students. Students with CMP were more likely to be categorised as probable cases for anxiety (OR 3.06, 95% CI: 1.09 to 8.61, p=0.034), but there were no associations for possible cases for anxiety (OR 1.15, 95% CI: 0.38 to 3.51, p=0.800), possible cases (OR 2.03, 95% CI: 0.63 to 6.54), or probable cases for depression (OR 3.35, 95% CI: 0.33 to 33.83). There was a nearly significant association between stress and belonging to the CMP group (OR 2.31, 95% CI: 0.97 to 5.53, p=0.059). A higher self-reported health status was associated to a lower likelihood for CMP (OR 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.27, p=0.001). Distribution of physical activity levels of low, moderate and high was not significantly associated to having CMP in comparison with not having it.Conclusions: One in ten high school students fulfilled criteria for having chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain. CMP was associated to sleeping problems, anxiety, and a worse health status. The results from this study may be used by school health-care professionals in their preventive work to promote student’s health.Disclosure of Interest: None declared
5.	Sundström, Malin, et al. (författare) ICA-Citykunderna i Borås 2008 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
6.	Ahlén Bergman, Emma, et al. (författare) Increased CD4+ T cell lineage commitment determined by CpG methylation correlates with better prognosis in urinary bladder cancer patients 2018 Ingår i: Clinical Epigenetics. - : BMC. - 1868-7083 .- 1868-7075. ; 10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Urinary bladder cancer is a common malignancy worldwide. Environmental factors and chronic inflammation are correlated with the disease risk. Diagnosis is performed by transurethral resection of the bladder, and patients with muscle invasive disease preferably proceed to radical cystectomy, with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The anti-tumour immune responses, known to be initiated in the tumour and draining lymph nodes, may play a major role in future treatment strategies. Thus, increasing the knowledge of tumour-associated immunological processes is important. Activated CD4+ T cells differentiate into four main separate lineages: Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg, and they are recognized by their effector molecules IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-17A, and the transcription factor Foxp3, respectively. We have previously demonstrated signature CpG sites predictive for lineage commitment of these four major CD4+ T cell lineages. Here, we investigate the lineage commitment specifically in tumour, lymph nodes and blood and relate them to the disease stage and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.RESULTS: Blood, tumour and regional lymph nodes were obtained from patients at time of transurethral resection of the bladder and at radical cystectomy. Tumour-infiltrating CD4+ lymphocytes were significantly hypomethylated in all four investigated lineage loci compared to CD4+ lymphocytes in lymph nodes and blood (lymph nodes vs tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes: IFNG -4229 bp p < 0.0001, IL13 -11 bp p < 0.05, IL17A -122 bp p < 0.01 and FOXP3 -77 bp p > 0.05). Examination of individual lymph nodes displayed different methylation signatures, suggesting possible correlation with future survival. More advanced post-cystectomy tumour stages correlated significantly with increased methylation at the IFNG -4229 bp locus. Patients with complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy displayed significant hypomethylation in CD4+ T cells for all four investigated loci, most prominently in IFNG p < 0.0001. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy seemed to result in a relocation of Th1-committed CD4+ T cells from blood, presumably to the tumour, indicated by shifts in the methylation patterns, whereas no such shifts were seen for lineages corresponding to IL13, IL17A and FOXP3.CONCLUSION: Increased lineage commitment in CD4+ T cells, as determined by demethylation in predictive CpG sites, is associated with lower post-cystectomy tumour stage, complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and overall better outcome, suggesting epigenetic profiling of CD4+ T cell lineages as a useful readout for clinical staging.
7.	Alklind Taylor, Anna-Sofia, et al. (författare) Spelbaserad simulering för insatsutbildning : Slutrapport 2012 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Denna rapport är en avrapportering av projektet Spelbaserad simulering för insatsutbildning. Projektet syftar till att:Studera hur serious games kan förstärka lärandemiljön i träning och utbildningPraktiskt testa och analysera användningen av spelteknologi för att ta fram rekommendationer för konstruktion av träningssimulatorerSkapa underlag för utveckling av Räddningsverkets utbildningsmetoder genom samarbete mellan forskare och praktikerSerious games och spelbaserad simulatorträning ses som en möjlighet att vidareutveckla undervisnings- och träningsmiljön inom räddningstjänst. Begreppet serious games definieras som att använda spel och spelteknik för att uppnå syften utöver ren underhållning. För att utnyttja områdets potential i största möjliga mån krävs en kombination av att utveckla och anpassa teknik så att den passar för ändamålet, detta kan till exempel innebära att utnyttja de möjligheter som modern spelteknik ger för att logga användarbeteende och resultat. Dessutom innefattar serious games en komponent av speldesign, det vill säga att utnyttja möjligheter som spel ger för att skapa en motiverande och engagerande lärandemiljö. Detta kan till exempel innebära att skapa tävlingsmoment och poängsystem som sporrar till upprepad användning. I projektet har vi utnyttjat såväl teknik- som speldesignskomponenten.Projektets syften har uppnåtts genom att producera och utvärdera ett prototypspel för insatsträning samt en modell för hur serious games kan användas i träning och utbildning. De huvudsakliga resultaten består av en spelprototyp av ett webbaserat spel för att träna beslutsfattande på taktisk nivå samt en pedagogisk modell för spelbaserad träning. Prototypen och modellen har testats på en distanskurs för Räddningsledarutbildning i regi av Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB). Utvärderingen visar på goda resultat vad gäller systemets användbarhet. Den pedagogiska potentialen har inte kunnat utvärderas fullt ut då prototypen inte blev en tillräckligt integrerad del i kursen där den utvärderades.Projektet visar att spelbaserad träning kan vara en möjlighet för pedagogisk utveckling med avseende på både teknik och pedagogisk kontext. I detta sammanhang är det viktigt att poängtera vikten av att genomföra och utvärdera pedagogiska anpassningar i samband med spelbaserad träning. Vidare har projektet har samarbetat med olika konstellationer av lärare och kursdeltagare vid MSB. En viktig lärdom är att tydliga resurser och organisatoriskt engagemang finns på plats i den här typen av samproducerande forskningsprojekt.
8.	Andersson, Martin, et al. (författare) A microscopy-compatible temperature regulation system for single-cell phenotype analysis - demonstrated by thermoresponse mapping of microalgae 2021 Ingår i: Lab on a Chip. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1473-0197 .- 1473-0189. ; 21:9, s. 1694-1705 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This work describes a programmable heat-stage compatible with in situ microscopy for the accurate provision of spatiotemporally defined temperatures to different microfluidic devices. The heat-stage comprises an array of integrated thin-film Joule heaters and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). External programming of the heat-stage is provided by a custom software program connected to temperature controllers and heater–sensor pairs. Biologically relevant (20–40 °C) temperature profiles can be supplied to cells within microfluidic devices as spatial gradients (0.5–1.5 °C mm−1) or in a time-varying approach via e.g. step-wise or sinusoidally varying profiles with negligible temperature over-shoot. Demonstration of the device is achieved by exposing two strains of the coral symbiont Symbiodinium to different temperature profiles while monitoring their single-cell photophysiology via chlorophyll fluorometry. This revealed that photophysiological responses to temperature depended on the exposure duration, exposure magnitude and strain background. Moreover, thermal dose analysis suggested that cell acclimatisation occurs under longer temperature (6 h) exposures but not under shorter temperature exposures (15 min). As the thermal sensitivity of Symbiodinium mediates the thermal tolerance in corals, our versatile technology now provides unique possibilities to research this interdependency at single cell resolution. Our results also show the potential of this heat-stage for further applications in fields such as biotechnology and ecotoxicology.
9.	Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al. (författare) An integrated method for assessing climate-related risks and adaptation alternatives in urban areas 2015 Ingår i: Climate Risk Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0963. ; 7, s. 31-50 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract © 2015 The Authors. The urban environment is a complex structure with interlinked social, ecological and technical structures. Global warming is expected to have a broad variety of impacts, which will add to the complexity. Climate changes will force adaptation, to reduce climate-related risks. Adaptation measures can address one aspect at the time, or aim for a holistic approach to avoid maladaptation. This paper presents a systematic, integrated approach for assessing alternatives for reducing the risks of heat waves, flooding and air pollution in urban settings, with the aim of reducing the risk of maladaptation. The study includes strategies covering different spatial scales, and both the current climate situation and the climate predicted under climate change scenarios. The adaptation strategies investigated included increasing vegetation; selecting density, height and colour of buildings; and retreat or resist (defend) against sea-level rise. Their effectiveness was assessed with regard to not only flooding, heat stress and air quality but also with regard to resource use, emissions to air (incl. GHG), soil and water, and people's perceptions and vulnerability. The effectiveness of the strategies were ranked on a common scale (from -3 to 3) in an integrated assessment. Integrated assessments are recommended, as they help identify the most sustainable solutions, but to reduce the risk of maladaptation they require experts from a variety of disciplines. The most generally applicable recommendation, derived from the integrated assessment here, taking into account both expertise from different municipal departments, literature surveys, life cycle assessments and publics perceptions, is to increase the urban greenery, as it contributes to several positive aspects such as heat stress mitigation, air quality improvement, effective storm-water and flood-risk management, and it has several positive social impacts. The most favourable alternative was compact, mid-rise, light coloured building design with large parks/green areas and trees near buildings.
10.	Bergman, Filip, 1992- (författare) Sustainability performance of multi-utility tunnels : Sustainability assessments for furthering knowledge and understanding 2022 Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The multi-utility tunnel has received increased attention as an alternative method for the installation of subsurface infrastructure for the distribution of electricity, water, sewage and district heating. In previous research, the multi-utility tunnel (MUT) has been described as a more sustainable technology compared to the conventionally used technique where the cables and pipes are placed with open-cut excavation (OCE), especially when the entire life cycle is taken into account. This thesis aims to contribute to an improved understanding of MUT's sustainability performance in relation to conventional installation using open-cut excavation. This is done by using literature study, interview study and quantitative sustainability assessments to gain an understanding of the current state of knowledge. Furthermore, this thesis also focuses on how knowledge can be deepened with the help of quantitative sustainability assessments and the challenges of conducting this type of assessment. This thesis shows that the state of knowledge regarding MUT's sustainability performance is low and scattered, with a lack of a holistic approach. Direct economic performance has gained the most attention, followed by indirect and social impact, and the environmental impact has so far barely been assessed. The sustainability performance depends to a large extent on the conditions of the specific case, and these should be considered when assessing the technology. Quantitative assessments have the potential to help deepen the knowledge of the sustainability implications of using MUT. The characteristics of MUT have some similarities with other types of physical infrastructure. Similarities are that the systems are long-lived, have project conditions that affect sustainability performance, and impact a broad spectrum of actors. One difference to typical infrastructure systems is that the owner and management structure of MUT is, by design, more complex as several types of utility systems are in use. The characteristics of MUT give some practical considerations that need to be addressed: data availability, including practitioners; detailed data; transparency; and flexibility. This thesis highlights the complexity of assessing MUT´s sustainability performance and advocates that future studies should have a learning-oriented approach so that the knowledge level can collectively and gradually improve over time rather than focusing on decision-oriented studies.
11.	Bergman, Karl-Olof, 1965-, et al. (författare) Brist- och funktionalitetsanalys -Östergötlands eklandskap 2007 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
12.	Bergman, Kristian, et al. (författare) Problemorienterande samtal : manual för behandlare 2015 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Syftet med metoden Problemorienterande samtal är att i fyra samtal aktivera en klients reflekterande förmåga. Behandlaren vill väcka klientens nyfikenhet att utforska inre samband kring egen central problematik och därigenom öka hennes förståelse av sig själv.
13.	Bergman, Mats A., 1964-, et al. (författare) Choice and Competition in the Welfare State : Home Care as the Ideal Quasi-market 2018 Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract We study a reform by which a standardized model of choice and competition was introduced in tax-financed home care in a majority of Swedish municipalities. The market for home care is of particular interest since it is close to the ideal quasi-market. For identification, we exploit the different timing of reform implementation across municipalities. We find that the introduction of free choice and free entry in home care increased perceived quality by about one quarter of a standard deviation without affecting costs. Since satisfaction is unrelated to the private market share, the underlying mechanism seems to be new choice opportunities rather than competition or an advantage of private providers.
14.	Bergman, Mats A., 1964-, et al. (författare) Interactions Across Firms and Bid Rigging 2020 Ingår i: Review of Industrial Organization. - : Springer. - 0889-938X .- 1573-7160. ; 56:1, s. 107-130 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We evaluate whether an econometric technique that is used in the spatial econometrics and network effects literature can be adopted as a test for collusive bidding in public procurement auctions. The proposed method is applied to the Swedish asphalt cartel that was discovered in 2001. Our dataset covers the period 1995–2009, which makes it possible to test for conditional independence between complementary cartel bids before and after 2001. Our estimates show a significant positive correlation between complementary cartel bids during the cartel period, whereas a non-significant correlation is shown during the later period. The variance of the parameter estimate of interest also differs between the periods, which suggests a structural change in bidding behavior among cartel members between the two periods.
15.	Bergman, Mats A., et al. (författare) Privatization and quality : evidence from elderly care in Sweden 2016 Ingår i: Journal of Health Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-6296 .- 1879-1646. ; 49, s. 109-119 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Non-contractible quality dimensions are at risk of degradation when the provision of public services is privatized. However, privatization may increase quality by fostering performance-improving innovation, particularly if combined with increased competition. We assemble a large data set on elderly care services in Sweden between 1990 and 2009 and estimate how opening to private provision affected mortality rates – an important and not easily contractible quality dimension – using a difference-in-difference-in-difference approach. The results indicate that privatization and the associated increase in competition significantly improved non-contractible quality as measured by mortality rates.
16.	Bergman, Mats A., et al. (författare) Tender evaluation and supplier selection methods in public procurement 2013 Ingår i: Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 1478-4092 .- 1873-6505. ; 19:2, s. 73-83 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The EU procurement directives stipulate that public contracts be awarded to the lowest bidder or to the bidder with the economically most advantageous tender; the latter requiring that a scoring rule be specified. We provide a simple theoretical framework, based on standard microeconomic theory, for tender evaluation (scoring and weighing) and discuss the pros and cons of methods such as highest quality (beauty contest), lowest price and price-and-quality-based evaluations. We argue that the most common method, price-to-quality scoring, is inappropriate for several reasons. It is non-transparent, making accurate representation of the procurer's preferences difficult. It is often open to strategic manipulation, due to dependence on irrelevant alternatives, and it tends to impose particular and unjustified non-linearity in bid prices. The alternative quality-to-price scoring method, where money values are assigned to different quality levels, is a better alternative. However, when the cost of quality is relatively well-known and several providers can offer optimal quality lowest price is the preferable award criteria, while beauty contests may be preferred when purchasing budgets are inflexible.
17.	Bergman, Mats A., et al. (författare) Using spatial econometrics to test for collusive behavior in procurement auction data Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
18.	Bergman, Mats A., et al. (författare) Using spatial econometrics to test for collusive behavior in procurement auction data Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
19.	Bergman, Mats, et al. (författare) Att utvärdera anbud : utvärderingsmodeller i teori och praktik 2009 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
20.	Bergman, Mats, 1964-, et al. (författare) Auctioned and re-auctioned children in 19th century Sweden 2000 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract During the 19th century, poor and orphan Swedish children were boarded out. The foster-parents, compensation was determined in English auctions. Some children were re-auctioned. We use historical data from such auctions to study whether informational asymmetry and possibly adverse selection affected the outcome in the market for re-auctioned children. The empirical findings are consistent with some informational asymmetry.
21.	Bergman, Mats, et al. (författare) Kvalitet och styckkostnader i äldreboende 2013. - 1 Ingår i: Den offentliga sektorn. - Stockholm : Fritzes. - 9789138240342 ; , s. 115-133 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
22.	Bergman, Mats, 1964-, et al. (författare) Privatization and quality : evidence from elderly care in Sweden 2014 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Non-contractible quality dimensions are at risk of degradation when the provision of public services is privatized. However, privatization may increase quality by fostering performance-improving innovation, particularly if combined with increased competition. We assemble a large data set on elderly care services in Sweden between 1990 and 2009 and estimate how opening to private provision affected mortality rates--an important and not easily contractible quality dimension--using a difference-in-difference-in-difference approach. The results indicate that privatization and the associated increase in competition significantly improved non-contractible quality as measured by mortality rates. It also reduced the cost per resident, although left total cost unaffected.
23.	Bergman, Mats, 1964-, et al. (författare) Public Procurement and Non-contractible Quality : Evidence from Elderly Care 2012 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Many quality dimensions are hard to contract upon and are at risk of degradation when the service is procured rather than produced in-house. On the other hand, procurement may foster performance-improving innovation. We assemble a large data set on elderly care services in Sweden for the 1990-2009 period, including survival rates, our measure of non-contractible quality, and indicators of subjectively perceived quality of service. We estimate the effects of municipalities’ decision to procure rather than produce in-house on non-contractible quality using a difference-in-difference approach and controlling for a number of other potential determinants. The results indicate that procurement significantly increases non-contractible quality as measured by survival rate, reduces the cost per resident but does not affect subjectively perceived quality.
24.	Bergman, Mats, 1964-, et al. (författare) Sourcing for government goods and services : theory and evidence from Swedish cities and municipalities 2013 Ingår i: Charting a course in public procurement innovation and knowledge sharing. - Boca Raton : PrAcademics Press. - 096688647X - 9780966886474 Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract Departing from a simple normative theory for the choice between lowest price, highest quality (beauty contest) and more complex scoring rules, we empirically investigate the behavior of cities and authorities. We survey a gross sample of 40 procuring entities about perceived key characteristics of products bought in 650 public procurements and collect data on award methods for these procurements. We compare actual scoring rules against the theoretical norms and analyze what product characteristics make deviation from the norm more or less likely. In addition, a control group of 100 authorities was surveyed about similar but hypothetical procurements. We find that more complex scoring rules are used more often when framework agreements are procured and less so when the procuring authority reports that they experience significant uncertainty about the delivered quality. Low weight given to price in the bid award process is associated with low perceived uncertainty concerning delivered quality.
25.	Bergman, Mats, et al. (författare) Tender Evaluation and Award Methodologies in Public Procurement 2011 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
26.	Bergman, Mats, 1964-, et al. (författare) Tender evaluation and award methodologies in public procurement 2011 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The EU procurement directives stipulate that public contracts are awarded to the lowest bidder or to the bidder with the economically most advantageous offer; the latter requiring that a scoring rule must be specified. We provide a simple theoretical framework for tender evaluation and discuss the pros and cons of common scoring rules, e.g., highest quality (beauty contest) and price-and-quality-based evaluation. Some descriptive facts are presented for a sample of Swedish public procurements. We argue that the most common method, price-to-quality scoring, is flawed for several reasons. It is non-transparent, making accurate representation of the procurer’s preferences difficult. It is often open to strategic manipulation, due to dependence on irrelevant alternatives, and it is unreasonably non-linear in bid prices. We prefer quality-to-price scoring, where money values are assigned to different quality levels. When the costs of quality are relatively well-known, however, lowest price is the preferable award criteria.
27.	Bergman, Mats, 1964-, et al. (författare) Tendering Design when Price and Quality Is Uncertain : Theory and Evidence from Public Procurement 2014 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Departing from a simple normative theory for the choice between lowest price, highest quality (beauty contest) and more complex scoring rules, we empirically investigate the behavior of local and central authorities. We survey a gross sample of 40 contracting entities about perceived key characteristics of products bought in 651 public procurements and collect data on supplier selection methods for these procurements. We compare actual scoring rules with theoretical norms and analyze what product characteristics make deviation from the norm more or less likely. In addition, a control group of 275 authorities was surveyed about similar but hypothetical procurements. We find that more complex scoring rules are used more often when the authority is uncertain about costs and about delivered quality, in accordance with our hypotheses. However, authority effects are also found to directly and indirectly influence the choice of supplier-selection method, suggesting that tendering design is partially driven by local habits or institutional inertia.
28.	Bergman, Mats, 1964-, et al. (författare) Using spatial econometrics to test for collusive behavior in procurement auction data Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
29.	Bergman, Stefan, 1959-, et al. (författare) Alcohol consumption is associated with lower self-reported disease activity and better health-related quality of life in female rheumatoid arthritis patients in Sweden : data from BARFOT, a multicenter study on early RA 2013 Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - London : BioMed Central. - 1471-2474. ; 14, s. Article 218- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Earlier studies have found a positive effect of alcohol consumption, with a reduced disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to assess alcohol consumption and its association with disease activity and health related quality of life (HRQL) in Swedish RA patients.METHODS: Between 1992 and 2005, 2,800 adult patients were included in the BARFOT study of early RA in Sweden. In 2010 a self-completion postal questionnaire was sent to all 2,102 prevalent patients in the BARFOT study enquiring about disease severity, HRQL, and lifestyle factors. Alcohol consumption was assessed using the validated AUDIT-C questionnaire.RESULTS: A total of 1,238 out of 1,460 patients answering the questionnaire had data on alcohol consumption: 11% were non-drinkers, 67% had a non-hazardous drinking, and 21% were classified as hazardous drinkers. Women who drank alcohol reported lower disease activity and better HRQL, but there were no association between alcohol consumption and disease activity in men. For current smokers, alcohol use was only associated with fewer patient-reported swollen joints. The outcome was not affected by kind of alcohol consumed.CONCLUSIONS: There was an association between alcohol consumption and both lower self-reported disease activity and higher HRQL in female, but not in male, RA patients. © 2013 Bergman et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
30.	Bergman, Sofia, et al. (författare) Clinical Impact of Intraprocedural Stent Thrombosis During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Treated With Potent P2Y12 inhibitors : a VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART Substudy 2021 Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-9980. ; 10:18 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: The clinical importance of intraprocedural stent thrombosis (IPST) during percutaneous coronary intervention in the contemporary era of potent oral P2Y12 inhibitors is not established. The aim of this study was to assess IPST and its association with clinical outcome in patients with myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with contemporary antithromboticmedications.Methods and Results: The VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART study (Bivalirudin Versus Heparin in ST-Segment and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients on Modern Antiplatelet Therapy in the Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies Registry Trial) included 6006 patients with myocardial infarction, treated with potent P2Y12 inhibitors during percutaneous coronary intervention. IPST, defined as a new or worsening thrombus related to a stent deployed during the procedure, was reported by the interventional cardiologist in 55 patients (0.9%) and was significantly associated with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction presentation, longer stents, bailout glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and final Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow <3. The primary composite end point included cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, out-of-laboratory definite stent thrombosis and target vessel revascularization within 30 days. Secondary end points were major bleeding and the individual components of the primary composite end point. Patients with versus without IPST had significantly higher rates of the primary composite end point (20.0% versus 4.4%), including higher rates of cardiovascular death, target vessel revascularization, and definite stent thrombosis, but not myocardial infarction or major bleeding. By multivariable analysis, IPST was independently associated with the primary composite end point (hazard ratio, 3.82; 95% CI, 2.05-7.12; P<0.001).Conclusions: IPST is a rare but dangerous complication during percutaneous coronary intervention, independently associated with poor prognosis, even in the current era of potent antiplatelet agents. Future treatment studies are needed to reduce the rate of IPST and to improve the poor outcome among these patients. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02311231.
31.	Bergman, Sofia, 1991-, et al. (författare) Flow directions of low-energy ions in and around the diamagnetic cavity of comet 67P 2021 Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 507:4, s. 4900-4913 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The flow direction of low-energy ions around comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko has previously been difficult to constrain due to the influence of the spacecraft potential. The Ion Composition Analyzer of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC-ICA) on Rosetta measured the distribution function of positive ions with energies down to just a few eV/q throughout the escort phase ofthe mission. Unfortunately, the substantial negative spacecraft potential distorted the directional information of the low-energy data. In this work, we present the flow directions of low-energy ions around comet 67P, corrected for the spacecraft potential using Particle-In-Cell simulation results. We focus on the region in and around the diamagnetic cavity, where low-energy ions are especially important for the dynamics. We separate between slightly accelerated ‘burst’ features and a more constant ‘band’ of low-energy ions visible in the data. The ‘bursts’ are flowing radially outwards from the nucleus with an antisunward component while the ‘band’ is predominantly streaming back towards the comet. This provides evidence of counter-streaming ions, which has implications for the overall expansion velocity of the ions. The backstreaming ions are present also at times when the diamagnetic cavity was not detected, indicating that the process accelerating the ions back towards the comet is not connected to the cavity boundary.
32.	Bergman, Sofia, 1991-, et al. (författare) Ion bulk speeds and temperatures in the diamagnetic cavity of comet 67P from RPC-ICA measurements 2021 Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 503:2, s. 2733-2745 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Y Comets are constantly interacting with the solar wind. When the comet activity is high enough, this leads to the creation of a magnetic field free region around the nucleus known as the diamagnetic cavity. It has been suggested that the ion-neutral drag force is balancing the magnetic pressure at the cavity boundary, but after the visit of Rosetta to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko the coupling between ions and neutrals inside the cavity has been debated, at least for moderately active comets. In this study, we use data from the ion composition analyser to determine the bulk speeds and temperatures of the low-energy ions in the diamagnetic cavity of comet 67P. The low-energy ions are affected by the negative spacecraft potential, and we use the Spacecraft Plasma Interaction Software to model the resulting influence on the detected energy spectra. We find bulk speeds of 5-10 km s(-1) with a most probable speed of 7 km s(-1), significantly above the velocity of the neutral particles. This indicates that the collisional coupling between ions and neutrals is not strong enough to keep the ions at the same speed as the neutrals inside the cavity. The temperatures are in the range 0.7-1.6 eV, with a peak probability at 1.0 eV. We attribute the major part of the temperature to the fact that ions are born at different locations in the coma, and hence are accelerated over different distances before reaching the spacecraft.
33.	Bergman, Sofia, 1991- (författare) Low-energy ions around comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko 2021 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Low-energy ions play important roles in the formation of the plasma environment around a comet. Reliable ways of measuring these ions are therefore of high importance to fully understand the processes and dynamics of this environment. Unfortunately, low-energy ions are infamously difficult to detect. A spacecraft interacts with the surrounding environment, which leads to an accumulation of charge on the spacecraft surface. As a result, the surface acquires an electrostatic potential with respect to the surrounding plasma, which can be either positive or negative. Low-energy ions are then attracted to or repelled from the charged surface before being detected by the instrument on board, resulting in an energy shift and change of travel direction of the ions. The Rosetta mission studied comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko during the years 2014-2016, and provided the most detailed observations of a comet and its environment to date. The Ion Composition Analyzer of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC-ICA) measured positive ions in the cometary environment with energies down to just a few eV. The low-energy part of the data is, however, difficult to interpret due to the distortions caused by the spacecraft potential. In this thesis, the Spacecraft Plasma Interaction Software (SPIS) is used to correct the low-energy ion measurements made by RPC-ICA for the effects introduced by the spacecraft potential. The distortion of the effective field of view is modelled for different ion energies and plasma environments, and the results are used to correct the flow direction of low-energy ions around the comet. The FOV distortion can be considered insignificant when the energy of the ions (in eV) is twice the value of the spacecraft potential (in volts). The FOV distortion at lower energies is geometry dependent, and varies substantially between different pixels of the instrument. The FOV distortion is furthermore dependent on the Debye length of the surrounding plasma. The knowledge obtained from the simulations is subsequently used to study the flow direction of low-energy ions in and around the diamagnetic cavity, a region where the magnetic field is essentially zero and low-energy ions are important for the dynamics. Evidence of counter-streaming ions are found, with ions flowing both radially away from and back towards the nucleus. SPIS is also used to model the influence of the spacecraft potential on the energy spectrum of the ions, and from this the bulk speed and temperature of the low-energy ions in the diamagnetic cavity were determined to 5-10 km/s and 0.7-1.6 eV, respectively. The bulk speed is significantly above the speed of the neutral particles, indicating a weak coupling between ions and neutrals in the diamagnetic cavity.
34.	Bergman, Sofia (författare) Optimizing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention 2022 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
35.	Bergman, Sofia, et al. (författare) Spacecraft potential effects on low-energy ion measurements to be made by probe B1 of Comet Interceptor 2024 Ingår i: RAS Techniques and Instruments. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2752-8200. ; 3:1, s. 333-346 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Spacecraft charging causes notorious issues for low-energy plasma measurements. The charged particles are accelerated towards or repelled from the spacecraft surface, affecting both their energy and travel direction. The latter results in a distortion of the effective field of view (FOV) of the instrument making the measurements. The Comet Interceptor mission, planned to be launched in 2029, will make a flyby of a long-period or interstellar comet that ideally is dynamically new. The mission comprises one main spacecraft A, developed by the European Space Agency (ESA), and two sub-probes B1 and B2, developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and ESA, respectively. The low-energy plasma measurements made by Comet Interceptor will likely be affected by the spacecraft potential in the case of low relative flyby velocities. On probe B1, the Cometary Ion Mass Spectrometer (CIMS) of the Plasma Suite is an ion mass spectrometer, capable of measuring ions with energies down to 10 eV/q. In this work, we use the Spacecraft Plasma Interaction Software to study the influence of the spacecraft potential on the low-energy ion measurements to be made by CIMS in the inner cometary magnetosphere. The results show that the effective FOV of CIMS is distorted at low energies when the flyby velocity is low. The distortion level is highly geometry dependent, and the largest distortions are caused by the magnetometer boom. Furthermore, the results show that cold ions with bulk velocities in the range 1-10 km s-1, flowing both radially away from and inward towards the nucleus, are detectable by the instrument considering the nominal observation geometry.
36.	Bergman, Sofia, 1991- (författare) The effect of spacecraft charging on low-energy ion measurements around comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko 2020 Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract A spacecraft in space interacts with the surrounding environment and aqcuires an electrostatic potential. Charged particles are constantly bombarding the surface of the spacecraft, and at the same time solar EUV radiation induces photoemission, causing electrons to be emitted from the surface. The result is a transfer of charge between the environment and the spacecraft surface, and the surface charges to a positive or negative potential. The charged surface can cause interferences with scientific instruments on board. In this thesis, we investigate how spacecraft charging affects low-energy ion measurements. The Rosetta spacecraft visited comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko between the years 2014-2016. On board the spacecraft, the Ion Composition Analyzer (ICA) was measuring positive ions in the environment around the comet with the aim of investigating the interaction between cometary particles and the solar wind. Important for this interaction is ions with a low energy. Measuring these ions is, however, difficult due to the charged spacecraft surface. Rosetta was commonly charged to a negative potential, and consequently the measured positive ions were accelerated toward the surface before detection, affecting both their energy and travel direction. In this thesis, we study how the changed travel directions affected the effective field of view (FOV) of the instrument. We use the Spacecraft Plasma Interaction Software (SPIS) to simulate the spacecraft plasma interactions and the ion trajectories around the spacecraft. The results show that the FOV of ICA is severely distorted at low ion energies, but the distortion varies between different viewing directions of the instrument and is dependent on the properties of the surrounding plasma.
37.	Bergman, Sofia, 1991-, et al. (författare) The Influence of Spacecraft Charging on Low‐Energy Ion Measurements Made by RPC‐ICA on Rosetta 2020 Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2169-9380 .- 2169-9402. ; 125:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Spacecraft charging is problematic for low‐energy plasma measurements. The charged particles are attracted to or repelled from the charged spacecraft, affecting both the energy and direction of travel of the particles. The Ion Composition Analyzer (RPC‐ICA) on board the Rosetta spacecraft is suffering from this effect. RPC‐ICA was measuring positive ions in the vicinity of comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko, covering an energy range of a few eV/q to 40 keV/q. The low‐energy part of the data is, however, heavily distorted by the negatively charged spacecraft. In this study we use the Spacecraft Plasma Interaction Software to model the inﬂuence of the spacecraft potential on the ion trajectories and the corresponding distortion of the ﬁeld of view (FOV) of the instrument. The results show that the measurements are not signiﬁcantly distorted when the ion energy corresponds to at least twice the spacecraft potential. Below this energy the FOV is often heavily distorted, but the distortion differs between different viewing directions. Generally, ions entering the instrument close to the aperture plane are less affected than those entering with extreme elevation angles.
38.	Bergman, Sofia, 1991-, et al. (författare) The Influence of Varying Spacecraft Potentials and Debye Lengths on In Situ Low-Energy Ion Measurements 2020 Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-9380 .- 2169-9402. ; 125:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Low‐energy ions are difﬁcult to measure, mainly due to spacecraft charging. The ions areattracted to or repelled from the charged surface prior to detection, which changes both the energy andtravel direction of the ions. This results in distortions of the data, and the changed travel directions distort the effective ﬁeld of view (FOV) of the instrument performing the measurements. The ion composition analyzer (RPC‐ICA) was measuring positive ions down to an energy of a few eV around comet67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko. Low‐energy ions play important parts in processes in the cometary environment, but the FOV of RPC‐ICA has been shown to get severely distorted at low ion energies. Several factors are believed to affect the distortion level. In this study we use the Spacecraft Plasma Interaction Software (SPIS) to investigate the inﬂuence of varying spacecraft potentials and Debye lengths on the FOV distortion of RPC‐ICA. We show that the distortion level is dependent on the Debye length of the surrounding plasma, but the sensitivity varies substantially between different viewing directions of the instrument. We also show that a small nonlinearity exists in the relation between FOV distortion, ion energy, and spacecraft potential, mainly caused by the photoemission and bulk ﬂow of the cometary plasma.
39.	Bergman Ärlebäck, Jonas, 1972-, et al. (författare) IPAs - ihopparningsaktiviteter : aktiviteter med låg tröskel som tränar elevers begrepps-, procedur-/ metod- och resonemangsförmåga 2017 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Syftet med denna rapport är att på ett beskrivande sätt delge hur arbetet i projektet om IPAs som genomförts HT2014 – VT2015 gått till och vilka erfarenheter och slutsatser som arbetet resulterat i. Den tänkte läsaren är framför allt kommunernas matematiklärare, men vi tror även att andra lärare och skolpersonal kan finna innehållet intressant och användbart. Det är vår förhoppning att rapporten med tillhörande aktiviteter kan inspirera till reflektion och en mer varierad undervisning. När pronomen som vi och oss används i rapporten åsyftats alla som aktivt ingått i IPAprojektets forskande grupp, vilken har bestått av såväl deltagande lärare som forskare:Marcus Claesson (Kungsgårdsgymnasiet, Norrköping), Malin Hällgren (Birgittaskolans vuxenutbildning, Linköping), Sofia Lindh (Hagagymnasiet, Norrköping), Mia Lundell (Djäkneparksskolan, Norrköping), Mattias Nordling (Anders Ljungstedska gymnasiet, Linköping) och Jonas Bergman Ärlebäck (LiU). Huvudansvaret för författandet av rapporten har Jonas haft som medverkande forskare i projektet. De medforskande lärarna har bidragit med analyser, erfarenheter och exempel från sina klassrum, utvecklat, testat och formulerat aktiviteterna som utgjort navet i projektet, samt läst och kommenterat rapporten under dess framställning.Rapporten följer samma logik och uppbyggnad som de rapporter skrivna inom det övergripande samarbetsprojektet Matematikdidaktik för bättre matematikkunskaper av det arbete och den forskning som bedrivits av Lisa Björklund Boistrup (Björklund Boistrup et al. 2013a; 2013b; 2013c; 2014a; 2014b). Vissa delar av texten använder därför, eller bygger till viss del på, Lisas texter, och när så är fallet tydliggörs detta med fotnoter. Andra delar av texten, så som exempelvis beskrivningen av de teoretiska utgångspunkterna, är i stort identiskt i samtliga delprojektsrapporter för de projekt som Jonas medverkat i som forskare (Ärlebäck et. al. 2017a, 2017b, 2017c, 2017d). Rapporten är dock skriven för att kunna läsas helt fristående från de andra rapporterna författade i projektet och förutsätter med andra ord ingen tidigare kunskap eller kännedom om projektet och de perspektiv som används. De läsare som redan tagit del av arbetet inom samarbetsprojektet Matematikdidaktik för bättre matematikkunskaper på olika sätt kommer här och var att känna igen sig, men vi hoppas att de delar som är unikt specifika för just detta delprojekt ska vara intressant och inspirerande.
40.	Bremander, Ann, et al. (författare) Smoking is associated with a worse self-reported health status in patients with psoriatic arthritis: data from a Swedish population-based cohort 2015 Ingår i: Clinical Rheumatology. - London : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0770-3198 .- 1434-9949. ; 34:3, s. 579-583 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim was to study possible associations between smoking habits and self-reported clinical features in a large population-based cohort of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). All subjects with PsA who had sought health care in the period 2003-2007 were identified using a regional health-care register. In 2009, all those identified who were 18 years of age or more (n = 2,003) were sent a questionnaire with questions on smoking, health-related quality of life [EuroQol five-dimension (EQ-5D)questionnaire], function [Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)], pain, fatigue, and global health. We performed age- and sex-adjusted regression analysis to compare health status outcomes in never and ever smokers. Altogether, 1,185 subjects (59 %) returned the questionnaire. Mean age was 57 years (SD 13.5), and 58 % were women; 38 % were never smokers and 62 % were ever smokers. Mean age at disease onset was 38.2 years (SD 13.2) and 41.2 years (SD 13.6), respectively (p = 0.001). In age- and sex-adjusted data, ever smokers reported worse EQ-5D (p = 0.009); worse reports of global health (p = 0.01), pain (p = 0.01), and fatigue (p = 0.04); and a higher number of painful body regions (p = 0.04) compared to never smokers. In this population-based PsA cohort, patients who were ever smokers reported worse health status than never smokers. Besides being a possible result of a worse PsA in ever smokers, impaired health status could also be an effect of unstudied comorbidities. Further longitudinal studies are needed to gain a better understanding of cause and effect. However, smoking cessation should be recommended because of general health considerations as well as disease-specific issues.
41.	Danilovich, Taissa, 1987, et al. (författare) Detailed Modelling of the Circumstellar Envelope of the S-type AGB Star W Aquilae 2015 Ingår i: Why Galaxies Care About AGB Stars III: A Closer Look in Space and Time, Conference on Why Galaxies Care About AGB Stars III: A Closer Look in Space and Time, Vienna JUL 28-AUG 01, 2014. - : ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC. - 9781583818794 ; 497, s. 219-220 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract We present new Herschel(1) HIFI (de Graauw et al. 2010) and PACS (Poglitsch et al. 2010) sub-millimeter and far-infrared line observations of several molecular species towards the S-type AGB star W Aql. We use these observations, which probe a wide range of gas temperatures, to constrain the circumstellar properties of W Aql, including mass-loss rate and molecular abundances.
42.	Danilovich, Taissa, 1987, et al. (författare) Detailed modelling of the circumstellar molecular line emission of the S-type AGB star W Aquilae 2014 Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 569, s. Art. no. A76- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Context. S-type AGB stars have a C/O ratio which suggests that they are transition objects between oxygen-rich M-type stars and carbon-rich C-type stars. As such, their circumstellar compositions of gas and dust are thought to be sensitive to their precise C/O ratio, and it is therefore of particular interest to examine their circumstellar properties. Aims. We present new Herschel HIFI and PACS sub-millimetre and far-infrared line observations of several molecular species towards the S-type AGB star W Aql. We use these observations, which probe a wide range of gas temperatures, to constrain the circumstellar properties of W Aql, including mass-loss rate and molecular abundances. Methods. We used radiative transfer codes to model the circumstellar dust and molecular line emission to determine circumstellar properties and molecular abundances. We assumed a spherically symmetric envelope formed by a constant mass-loss rate driven by an accelerating wind. Our model includes fully integrated H2O line cooling as part of the solution of the energy balance. Results. We detect circumstellar molecular lines from CO, H2O, SiO, HCN, and, for the first time in an S-type AGB star, NH3. The radiative transfer calculations result in an estimated mass-loss rate for W Aql of 4.0 x 10(-6) M-circle dot yr(-1) based on the (CO)-C-12 lines. The estimated (CO)-C-12/(CO)-C-13 ratio is 29, which is in line with ratios previously derived for S-type AGB stars. We find an H2O abundance of 1.5 x 10(-5), which is intermediate to the abundances expected for M and C stars, and an ortho/para ratio for H2O that is consistent with formation at warm temperatures. We find an HCN abundance of 3 x 10(-6), and, although no CN lines are detected using HIFI, we are able to put some constraints on the abundance, 6 x 10(-6), and distribution of CN in W Aql's circumstellar envelope using ground-based data. We find an SiO abundance of 3 x 10(-6), and an NH3 abundance of 1.7 x 10(-5), confined to a small envelope. If we include uncertainties in the adopted circumstellar model - in the adopted abundance distributions, etc. - the errors in the abundances are of the order of factors of a few. The data also suggest that, in terms of HCN, S-type and M-type AGB stars are similar, and in terms of H2O, S-type AGB stars are more like C-type than M-type AGB stars. We detect excess blue-shifted emission in several molecular lines, possibly due to an asymmetric outflow. Conclusions. The estimated abundances of circumstellar HCN, SiO and H2O place W Aql in between M-and C-type AGB stars, i.e., the abundances are consistent with an S-type classification.
43.	Den offentliga sektorn : en antologi om att mäta produktivitet och prestationer 2013. - 1 Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
44.	Emilsson, Oskar Love, et al. (författare) Pretreatment with heparin in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction : a report from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) 2022 Ingår i: EuroIntervention. - 1774-024X. ; 18:9, s. 709-718 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is frequently administered before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate if pretreatment with UFH prior to arrival at the catheterisation laboratory affects coronary artery occlusion, mortality, and in-hospital major bleeding in patients with STEMI undergoing PCI. Methods: Patients with a first STEMI event undergoing PCI between 2008 and 2016 were extracted from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry. Risk ratios for UFH pretreatment versus no pretreatment regarding coronary artery occlusion at presentation in the catheterisation laboratory, 30-day mortality, and bleeding were obtained using adjusted Poisson regression models with robust standard errors. Analyses of propensity score (PS)-matched groups were performed to obtain absolute risk differences. Results: In all, 41,631 patients were included, 16,026 (38%) with and 25,605 (62%) without UFH pretreatment. Adjusted risk ratios were 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87 to 0.90) for coronary artery occlusion, 0.87 (0.77 to 0.99) for mortality, and 1.01 (0.86 to 1.18) for bleeding. In the PS-matched analyses, the absolute risk differences were –0.087 (–0.074 to –0.099) for coronary artery occlusion, –0.011 (–0.017 to –0.0041) for mortality, and 0 (–0.0052 to 0.0052) for bleeding. Conclusions: Pretreatment with UFH was associated with a reduction in coronary artery occlusion among patients with STEMI, with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 12, without increasing the risk of major in-hospital bleeding. Regarding mortality, a reduction was found with UFH pretreatment, with an NNT of 94, but this effect was not robust over all sensitivity analyses and residual confounding cannot be excluded.
45.	Flink, Ida, 1980-, et al. (författare) Dwelling on a successful task : Does how or why influence affect? 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Psychopathology. - : Sage Publications. - 2043-8087. ; 9:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) has been identified as a key maintaining process of emotional difficulties. However, the consequences of repetitive thinking may depend on whether negative thoughts or feelings are processed in an abstract, evaluative mode, or in a concrete, process-focused mode. In recent years an increasing number of studies has also explored the effect of processing mode in relation to positive events, yielding inconsistent results. So far, the studies using positive material have not examined the interaction between trait rumination and processing mode. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to further explore the effects of abstract vs. concrete mode of processing on positive affect and negative affect in the context of a success task in a sample scoring high on trait rumination. 62 participants were randomly assigned to abstract vs. concrete processing training prior to a success task. The results showed that positive affect increased whereas negative affect and state RNT decreased after the success task in both groups. However, abstract vs. concrete processing did not have an effect on outcome. The findings indicate that processing mode does not influence outcome in the context of a success task.
46.	Frisk, Pia, et al. (författare) Exploring community pharmacists' experiences of surveying patients for drug utilization research purposes 2015 Ingår i: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2210-7703 .- 2210-7711. ; 37:3, s. 522-528 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Patient self-reported data are important in drug utilization research, but often logistically difficult to collect. During 2006-2012, 72 Swedish community pharmacies regularly collected such data through structured survey interviews at the pharmacy counter, performed by the dispensing pharmacists. This study is part of a validation of that data acquisition method. Objectives (1) To explore the experiences of the pharmacists involved, (2) to explore a random or systematic exclusion of eligible patients by the pharmacists, and (3) to find areas of improvement to the applied method of surveying. Setting 72 Swedish community pharmacies, distributed all over the country. Method (a) A questionnaire was distributed to approximately 400 dispensing pharmacists at the pharmacies conducting the patient surveys; (b) semi-structured telephone interviews conducted with 19 pharmacists at 12 of the pharmacies. Main outcome measure Proportions of pharmacists reporting positive and negative experiences of structured survey interviews, the nature of their experiences, proportion of pharmacists reporting to avoid survey interviews and reasons for doing so, and suggested areas of improvement. Results A total of 126 pharmacists (32 %) completed the questionnaire. A majority (82 %) reported positive experiences of interviewing. In addition to the data generated as the primary goal of surveying, secondary benefits such as an improved patient-pharmacist dialogue and an increased detection and resolution of drug related problems were reported. However, a majority (63 %) of the pharmacists also reported negative experiences related to a perceived lack of time to fulfil one's professional obligations. Almost half of the pharmacists (44 %) in the survey admitted that they occasionally avoided interviewing eligible patients, due to the immediate increase in work load. The limited availability of staff resources was the most apparent area of improvement. Conclusion Under certain conditions, community pharmacies are feasible as a setting for conducting patient surveys in drug utilization research, and dispensing pharmacists suitable for conducting them. When regular dispensing staff perform the survey interviews as a part of the drug dispensing process, additional resources to manage the immediate increase in work load have to be considered. Otherwise, data quality may be compromised.
47.	Granholm, Linnea, et al. (författare) The expression of opioid genes in non-classical reward areas depends on early life conditions and ethanol intake 2017 Ingår i: Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-8993 .- 1872-6240. ; 1668, s. 36-45 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The young brain is highly sensitive to environmental influences that can cause long-term changes in neuronal function, possibly through altered gene expression. The endogenous opioid system continues to mature after birth and because of its involvement in reward, an inadequate maturation of this system could lead to enhanced susceptibility for alcohol use disorder. Recent studies show that the classical reward areas nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area are less affected by early life stress whereas endogenous opioids in non-classical areas, e.g. dorsal striatum and amygdala, are highly responsive. The aim was to investigate the interaction between early life conditions and adult voluntary ethanol intake on opioid gene expression. Male Wistar rats were exposed to conventional rearing, 15, or 360min of daily maternal separation (MS) postnatal day 1-21, and randomly assigned to ethanol or water drinking postnatal week 10-16. Rats exposed to early life stress (MS360) had increased opioid receptor gene (Oprm1, Oprd1 and Oprk1) expression in the dorsal striatum. Ethanol drinking was associated with lower striatal Oprd1 and Oprk1 expression solely in rats exposed to early life stress. Furthermore, rats exposed to early life stress had high inherent Pomc expression in the amygdala but low expression after ethanol intake. Thus, adverse events early in life induced changes in opioid gene expression and also influenced the central molecular response to ethanol intake. These long-term consequences of early life stress can contribute to the enhanced risk for excessive ethanol intake and alcohol use disorder seen after exposure to childhood adversity.
48.	Gulyas, Miklos, et al. (författare) COX-2 expression and effects of celecoxib in addition to standard chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is proposed as a treatment option in several cancer types. However, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), phase III trials have failed to demonstrate a benefit of adding COX-2 inhibitors to standard chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyse COX-2 expression in tumor and stromal cells as predictive biomarker for COX-2 inhibition.Methods: In the multicenter phase III trial, 316 patients with advanced NSCLC were randomized to receive celecoxib (400 mg b.i.d.) or placebo up to one year in addition to a two-drug platinum-based chemotherapy combination. In a subset of 122 patients, archived tumor tissue was available for immunohistochemical analysis of COX-2 expression in tumor and stromal cells.Results: An updated analysis of all 316 patients included in the original trial, and of the 122 patients with available tumor tissue, showed no survival differences between the celecoxib and placebo arms (HR 1.01; 95%CI 0.81-1.27 and HR 1.12; 95%CI 0.78-1.61, respectively). Similarly, in patients with high COX-2 expression in tumor cells (n=71) or stromal cells (n=55), survival did not differ significantly between patients who received celecoxib or placebo (HR 1.07; 95%CI 0.74-1.54 and HR 0.80; 95%CI 0.56-1.15). No significant interaction effect between COX-2 score in tumor or stromal cells and celecoxib effect on survival was detected (p=0.48 and 0.25, respectively).Conclusion: In this subgroup analysis of patients with advanced NSCLC, we could not detect any significant interaction between COX-2 expression in tumor or stromal cells and outcome of celecoxib treatment in addition to standard chemotherapy.
49.	Gulyas, Miklos, et al. (författare) COX-2 expression and effects of celecoxib in addition to standard chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 2018 Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 57:2, s. 244-250 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim: Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is proposed as a treatment option in several cancer types. However, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), phase III trials have failed to demonstrate a benefit of adding COX-2 inhibitors to standard chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze COX-2 expression in tumor and stromal cells as predictive biomarker for COX-2 inhibition.Methods: In a multicenter phase III trial, 316 patients with advanced NSCLC were randomized to receive celecoxib (400 mg b.i.d.) or placebo up to one year in addition to a two-drug platinum-based chemotherapy combination. In a subset of 122 patients, archived tumor tissue was available for immunohistochemical analysis of COX-2 expression in tumor and stromal cells. For each compartment, COX-2 expression was graded as high or low, based on a product score of extension and intensity of positively stained cells.Results: An updated analysis of all 316 patients included in the original trial, and of the 122 patients with available tumor tissue, showed no survival differences between the celecoxib and placebo arms (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.81–1.27 and HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.78–1.61, respectively). High COX-2 scores in tumor (n = 71) or stromal cells (n = 55) was not associated with a superior survival outcome with celecoxib vs. placebo (HR =0.96, 95% CI 0.60–1.54; and HR =1.51; 95% CI 0.86–2.66), and no significant interaction effect between COX-2 score in tumor or stromal cells and celecoxib effect on survival was detected (p = .48 and .25, respectively).Conclusions: In this subgroup analysis of patients with advanced NSCLC treated within the context of a randomized trial, we could not detect any interaction effect of COX-2 expression in tumor or stromal cells and the outcome of celecoxib treatment in addition to standard chemotherapy.
50.	Hammarlund, Dan, et al. (författare) Palaeolimnological and sedimentary responses to Holocene forest retreat in the Scandes Mountains, west-central Sweden 2004 Ingår i: Holocene. - : SAGE Publications. - 0959-6836 .- 1477-0911. ; 14:6, s. 862-876 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A suite of analyses was performed on sediments accumulated during the last 10 700 years in Lake Spaime, a small, hydrologically open water body in the modern alpine tundra zone of the Scandes Mountains, west-central Sweden. The study aimed to evaluate (1) the nature of climate changes that forced the late-Holocene lowering of altitudinal tree limit in the region, the timing of which is known from prior studies based on radiocarbon dating of subfossil wood, and (2) the impact of these vegetational changes on an aquatic ecosystem. Arboreal pollen and plant macrofossil data confirm the persistence of trees in the lake catchment at least from c. 9700 cal. BP until c. 3700 cal. BP. Although growing-season temperature is commonly believed to be the dominant factor driving boreal forest tree-limit variations in the region, a chironomid-based reconstruction of mean July air temperature suggests that local deforestation during the late Holocene was not accompanied by a significant cooling. The tree-limit retreat was more likely caused by increasing effective moisture and declining length of the growing season. The ecohydrological response of Lake Spaime to this combination of climate and vegetational changes included a decline in primary productivity, as indicated by an abrupt decrease in sediment organic matter content, while associated increases in organic delta(13)C, delta(15)N and C/N point to diminished fluxes and altered balance of catchment-derived nutrients following deforestation. The decline in aquatic productivity is also marked by a distinct change in the mineral magnetic properties, from a high magnetic concentration assemblage dominated by fine-grained magnetite of biogenic origin to one dominated by background levels of coarse-grained detrital magnetite.

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