| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bergmark, Anders, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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The mismatch between the map and the terrain : Evidence based practice in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 15:4, s. 596-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we will give an account of the introduction of evidence-based practice (EBP) in Swedish social work. The Swedish development may serve as an example of what happens when the process is driven by bureaucracy with a strong public funding/back-up rather than by the academy. This is not to say that the Swedish case is unique, but rather that problems and controversies that are well established on the international arena are in Sweden framed in a very particular context. The most far reaching efforts to implement EBP in Swedish social work have been carried out by central bureaucracy. The introduction of EBP may be depicted as a top-down guideline project, with randomized controlled trials as the gold standard. Shortage of evidence paired with political pressure to implement EBP has to a certain extent also brought about dissolution of the basic concept. The article concludes with an elaborated assessment of how current conceptions of EBP relates to professional and contextual conditions of Swedish social work practice. We also address the issue of how to establish what adequate and valid evidence is by suggesting an approach that deviates from predominant evidence hierarchies and polarized extremes.
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| 3. |
- Bergmark, Karin H., 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Extensive Internet Involvement—Addiction or Emerging Lifestyle?
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 8:12, s. 4488-4501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the discussions for the future DSM-5, the Substance-Related Disorders Work Group has been addressing “addiction-like” behavioral disorders such as “Internet addiction” to possibly be considered as potential additions for the diagnostic system. Most research aiming to specify and define the concept of Internet addiction (or: Excessive/Compulsive/Problematic Internet Use—PIU), takes its point of departure in conventional terminology for addiction, based in established DSM indicators. Still, it is obvious that the divide between characteristics of addiction and dimensions of new lifestyles built on technological progress is problematic and far from unambiguous. Some of these research areas are developing from the neurobiological doctrine of addiction as not being tied to specific substances. The concept of “behavioral addictions”, based on biological mechanisms such as the reward systems of the brain, has been launched. The problems connected to this development are in this study discussed and reflected with data from a Swedish survey on Internet use (n = 1,147). Most Swedes (85%) do use the Internet to some degree. The prevalence of excessive use parallels other similar countries. Respondents in our study spend (mean value) 9.8 hours per week online at home, only 5 percent spend more than 30 hours per week. There are both positive and negative social effects at hand. Many respondents have more social contacts due to the use of Internet, but there is a decline in face-to-face contacts. About 40% of the respondents indicate some experience of at least one problem related to Internet use, but only 1.8% marked the presence of all problems addressed. Most significant predictors for problem indicators, except for age, relate to “time” and time consuming activities such as gaming, other activities online or computer skills.
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| 4. |
- Bergmark, Karin H., 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Internet Addiction : The Making of a New Addiction
- 2016
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Ingår i: Jacobs Journal of Addiction and Therapy. - 2376-8983. ; 3:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The body of Internet addiction research articles has grown rapidly during the last years. Critics claim that the bulk of this research is more confirmatory than scrutinizing, in spite of weak evidence for the label of addiction. A study on excessive Internet use in Sweden has been cited repeatedly in Internet addiction studies. The present study takes a closer look at these citations and combines the presentation with a systematic review of methods and theoretical approaches in Internet addiction studies, published between January 2000 and July 2013.
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| 7. |
- Holmstrup, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term and realistic global change manipulations had low impact on diversity of soil biota in temperate heathland
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a dry heathland ecosystem we manipulated temperature (warming), precipitation (drought) and atmospheric concentration of CO2 in a full-factorial experiment in order to investigate changes in below-ground biodiversity as a result of future climate change. We investigated the responses in community diversity of nematodes, enchytraeids, collembolans and oribatid mites at two and eight years of manipulations. We used a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach analyzing the three manipulations, soil moisture and temperature, and seven soil biological and chemical ariables. The analysis revealed a persistent and positive effect of elevated CO2 on litter C:N ratio. After two years of treatment, the fungi to bacteria ratio was increased by warming, and the diversities within oribatid mites, collembolans and nematode groups were all affected by elevated CO2 mediated through increased litter C:N ratio. After eight years of treatment, however, the CO2-increased litter C:N ratio did not influence the diversity in any of the four fauna groups. The number of significant correlations between treatments, food source quality, and soil biota diversities was reduced from six to three after two and eight years, respectively. These results suggest a remarkable resilience within the soil biota against global climate change treatments in the long term.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bergmark, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Att förstå socialt arbete : om Bengt Börjeson som forskare, praktiker och debattör
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bengt Börjeson (1932-2012) var under nära ett halvt sekel en av de tongivande aktörerna på det sociala området i Sverige. Han stod för en radikal samhälls- och människosyn och en progressiv socialvård, för människornas skull.Den 8 november 2014 hölls ett seminarium i Stockholm med rubriken ”Att förstå socialt arbete. Ett seminarium om Bengt Börjeson som forskare, praktiker och debattör”. I seminariet medverkade en rad medarbetare till Bengt Börjeson, på olika sätt verksamma inom det sociala fältet, både tidigare och idag. Bidragen i den här rapporten bygger på ett urval av anförandena vid seminariet.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bergmark, Anders, 1951-
(författare)
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Drug misuse - psychosocial interventions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Addiction. - London : Blackwell. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 104:4, s. 676-677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 15. |
- Bergmark, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence Production for Psychosocial Treatment of Substance Use Problems
- 2020
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Ingår i: SUCHT. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 0939-5911 .- 1664-2856. ; 66:2, s. 85-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: In the article at hand we intend to discuss to what extent hitherto efforts towards standardization and quality assurance have been able to achieve stability concerning the production of evidence, and whether an actual evidence-based practice for psychosocial interventions for alcohol and drug problems is anywhere truly in the making. Methods: To explain several methodological inadequacies we make use of a perspective commonly referred to as the actor-network theory (ANT). This is characterized by a strong interest in detailed analysis of how an innovation or an idea is transformed due to interaction with its situated and specific conditions.The empirical material is taken from four earlier studies of our own hands. Results: We have given examples of how an unsystematic handling of different control group designs can lead to serious misinterpretations of intervention effects. The same goes for researcher allegiance, the use of different types of criteria in order to rank different types of evidence, unmotivated restrictions on the inclusion of evidence in a given systematic review, or as in the case of several US clearinghouses. to use extremely weak criteria when discriminating between what is evidence-based and what is not. Conclusions: We suggest that all of these shortcomings are directly or indirectly related to translations, modifications or neglect to adhere to methodological rules intended to produce a reduction of biases and increase standardization
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| 16. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bergmark, Anders, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Guided or independent? Social workers, central bureaucracy and evidence-based practice
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Social Work. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1369-1457 .- 1468-2664. ; 14:3, s. 323-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the start of the 1990s, a number of professional fields in the Western world have been confronted with increasingly explicit demands for scientific assurance regarding the effects of the work they do. The debate on the relationship between research and practice in social work has often been carried out under the heading of evidence-based social work or evidence-based practice (EBP). This article is based on a survey distributed to a representative sample of social workers and middle managers within the Swedish municipal social services. The results indicate a generally positive attitude among Swedish social workers towards EBP; at the same time they show a low level of active contact with the research literature of relevance for EBP. The results are contextualized and discussed against the background of some major methodological issues in EBP, such as, for example, the so called Dodo bird verdict in psychotherapy outcome research.
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| 31. |
- Bergmark, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Om legitimitet och etik inom missbruksvården
- 2009. - 3
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Ingår i: Etik och socialtjänst. - Stockholm : Gothia Förlag AB. - 9789172056060 ; , s. 54-68
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 32. |
- Bergmark, Anders, 1951-
(författare)
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Om medikaliseringen av svensk missbrukarvård
- 2012
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Ingår i: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. - 1104-1420 .- 2003-5624. ; 19:3-4, s. 232-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under de senaste 10 åren har propåerna om en radikal omorganisering av svensk missbrukarvård vuxit sig allt starkare. Den allmänna inriktningen hos dessa påtryckningar har utgjorts av en medikalisererande argumentation beträffande den vetenskapliga kunskapen om missbruk och behandling: I denna artikel granskas några av medikaliseringsdiskursens mest centrala argument.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Bergmark, Anders, 1951-
(författare)
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On the idea of treatment systems
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nordisk Alkohol- og narkotikatidsskrift (NAT). - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 27:6, s. 565-573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 35. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Bergmark, Anders, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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The pursuit of evidence-based practice - a comparison of three guidelines on psychosocial interventions for alcohol problems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 31:3, s. 271-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsIn this article we scrutinise three prominent guidelines on psychosocial interventions for alcohol problems. We pay special attention to how congruent the guidelines are in terms of the interventions recommended, and the processes used in order to identify and rank the “evidence” underpinning these recommendations.DataThe analysed guidelines are: 1) Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Substance Use Disorders, American Psychiatric Association (2006); 2) Alcohol-Use Disorders. The NICE Guideline on Diagnosis, Assessment and Management of Harmful Drinking and Alcohol Dependence (2011), National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, UK; 3) Guidelines for the Treatment of Alcohol Problems, Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing (2009). The purpose is not to review the three guidelines as such, but to study them as an example of the production of evidence. All report to be based on “best available evidence”, so the guidelines were compared both regarding the actual recommendations and the guideline production procedures and differences in these procedures with related consequences.Results & CONCLUSIONSPrestigious organisations in different national contexts have reached divergent conclusions about evidence-based practice and the quality of the scientific studies underpinning these conclusions. Differences in the guidelines regarding interpretations, limitations and grading illustrate the difficulties with the dilemmas of sensitivity (to include factors that are significant for how a psychological intervention is to be judged) and specificity (that irrelevant studies are cleared off) in the recommendations presented.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Bergmark, Anders
(författare)
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Topiramate and the question of dosage
- 2009
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 104:10, s. 1767-1768
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Björk, Alexander, 1983-
(författare)
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Evidence-based practice behind the scenes : How evidence in social work is used and produced
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation is to examine empirically what Evidence-based practice (EBP) and its standardized procedures become when put into practice in social work. EBP builds on the idea that professional practice should be based on systematic and reliable knowledge of the interventions and instruments used in this work. This implies a standardization of both research and practice that has been highly contested. Inspired by works within science and technology studies (STS), this dissertation analyses the actual content of the standardized procedures and their uses in social work practice.The dissertation examines a ‘critical case’, a substance abuse social services agency that has worked extensively for several years at implementing EBP, and consists of four papers focusing on three standardized procedures used by the agency in order to enact EBP: 1) the Addiction severity index (ASI) assessment instrument; 2) the psychosocial intervention Motivational interviewing, and 3) the decision-making model Critical appraisal (CA). Ethnographic methods were employed to study the agency’s concrete uses of the standardized procedures in daily practice. MI was also followed in the research literature as it became established as an ‘evidence-based’ intervention.Fundamentally, the development of the standards of EBP can be a messy and paradoxical process. In the stabilization of MI, its differences and ‘fluidity’ have eventually been made to disappear and left a stable ‘evidence-based’ object.Findings from the ethnographic studies show that EBP, as enacted in the agency’s daily practice, is a bureaucratic project where the agency’s managers have decided on and control the use of a set of standards. Thus, what constitutes relevant evidence is based not on professional discussion within the agency but is ultimately determined by the managers.In practice, the standards introduce new logics that cause tensions within the agency, tensions which the social workers are left to handle. Main conflicts concern how the client work is ordered and contradictory organizational rationales. The three standards are used to varying extent, which can be understood by examining what they seek to standardize and how they are put to work. CA was not used at all, mainly due to its design. Disregarding organizational rationales that are unavoidable within the social services, it could not be adapted to the agency’s work. With ASI and MI the situation was different, mostly because of their organizational adaptability. ASI could be implemented in several phases of the agency’s work flow resulting in adjustments of both the instrument and the work flow. As a ‘fluid intervention’, MI was constrained by, but also adjustable to the organization. It was thus possible for both ASI and MI to transform and be transformed by pre-existing practices, in effect creating new practices.A major conclusion is that EBP and its standardized procedures is a more dynamic and multifaceted process than previously acknowledged in social work. Rather than a deterministic one-way path, there are different kinds, degrees, and mutual transformations of standardization processes, which must be appreciated in research and in practical efforts to implement EBP. Given the importance of the organization in professional social work, there is a need to move away from individualistic conceptions of EBP and to consider what evidence use might mean from an organizational perspective.
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| 47. |
- Börjeson, Martin, 1959-
(författare)
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"Vi vet inte vilka metoder vi ska använda" : om relationen mellan kunskap, praktik och politik när det gäller det sociala arbetet med hemlöshetsfrågor
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation examines the relationship between knowledge, practice and policy within a specific area of social work, namely, social intervention to ameliorate the problem of homelessness. In the thesis, the ambition shown in recent years to lay the ground for an evidence-based practice in social work is discussed as an expression of late modern attempts to deal with the contradictory character of scientific knowledge.The work is composed of four separate studies along with an introduction. The first study considers the present state of knowledge concerning those groups readily described as “the most vulnerable” in that they often have a diffi¬cult complex of problems. The social conditions of these groups can only be examined to a limited extent with the help of traditional methods, however, so that our knowledge of their situation is poor. The group of the homeless seems largely to have remained unchanged during the most recent decade; but results of various studies suggest that the vul¬nerability of the group has increased, which is to say that even if the group has not increased in size, their social situa¬tion has definitely become worse.In the second study, a more in-depth discussion is advanced of methods and definitions concerning the charting of groups with a weak position in the housing market. Starting from a review of the various research methods presently in use, a model is sketched for future investigations that might more adequately provide the evidence-based information for making informed decisions.The third and fourth studies deal above all with the effectiveness of social interventions being made to come to grips with homelessness; how these strategies have evolved and the role of knowledge in them. The goal of the third study has therefore been to describe how knowledge and social work practice have developed respectively, and above all, to shed some light on their relationship. A review of social work journals dated 1965-2000 shows that only a very few of the relatively small number of articles dealing with homelessness could in any way directly form a basis for the planning and implementation of social interventions. In Stockholm Municipality, also during this period, several special programs were instigated to boost the development of knowledge in the field; but the connections between this accu¬mulation of knowledge and any implementation in actual social interventions remains unclear.The fourth study uses interview material to describe the social work being carried out to combat homelessness in four Swedish local government districts and to discuss any differences between them, where a clear difference did emerge between the larger and the smaller districts. The larger local governments had created special organisations for work with homelessness issues, which had even brought with it the allocation of special resources for the build-up of knowledge; but not even here is it possible to state that any cumulative build-up of knowledge has taken place. An in-depth case study of the discussion carried out in Stockholm Municipality concerning a proposal to create a special knowledge centre suggests that these questions are also deeply influenced by the local political context in which it would be used.In the introductory section of the dissertation, the aim is to relate the four studies to a broader discussion. The vari¬ous strategies being developed for increasing the evidence basis for social work with the homeless are discussed, taking a point of departure in Ulrich Beck’s contention that in spite of contrary intentions, more knowledge tends to involve the risk of added uncertainty. Also treated in this context is how an earlier dominant tradition of knowledge – inspired by social medicine – has come to diminish in importance, while another – more directed towards the results and effects of social interventions – has grown.
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| 48. |
- Ekendahl, Mats, 1971-
(författare)
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Tvingad till vård : missbrukares syn på LVM, motivation och egna möjligheter
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Compulsory treatment is regulated by the Care of Alcoholics and Drug Abusers Act (LVM; 1988:870), and aims, among other things, at motivating addicts to treatment. Research has, up til now, mostly disregarded the client-perspective on compulsory measures. This dissertation has its starting point in the experiences of 54 alcohol- and drug addicts. The intention is to describe and analyse their view on coercive care and the possibilities to become motivated for change and/or voluntary treatment in such a context.A central question during the interviews (which took place at five different institutions for compulsory commitments) is the addicts´ problem recognition, desire for help and willingness to participate in treatment. These dimensions are also illuminated quantitatively by use of a questionnaire. The results of this questionnaire form the basis of a division of the addicts into three groups with varying de-gree of treatment motivation. Comparisons between the groups are done with reference to the evaluation of present treatment context and of the institutions’ efforts to enhance motivation. In addition to this the groups are compared regarding how they perceive limita-tions in their freedom of action.The results showed that the three groups had different motiva-tional structures. The “least motivated” stated that the addiction was not their major problem and wanted no help with that aspect of their lives. The “middle-group” claimed to have alcohol-/drug problems that, however, were not too serious. They were not sure that the coercive care was adequate for their situation. The “most motivated” said that they had vast problems with their addiction, were help-seeking and satisfied with having the chance to participate in any kind of treatment program at all. Less differences between the groups were noticeable when it came to a direct evaluation of com-pulsory treatment. The majority reported that they, through the co-ercion, had been exposed to violations of their autonomy. Whether motivated for treatment or not, the interviewees were also sceptical about the possibilities of the institutions to enhance motivation among the incarcerated addicts.In the dissertation, addiction and motivation is furthermore dis-cussed from the perspective of rational choice and motivational the-ory. It is concluded that committed addicts think and act strategically in order to maximise their personal use of involuntary incarcerations. It is also asserted that their view on what happens during commit-ment, in some respects, is opposed to the “establishment’s”. For instance, the addicts claim that you don’t become motivated by way of compulsory treatment, while the opposite of their notion form the basis of the legislation.
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| 49. |
- Fernandes, CP, et al.
(författare)
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Reflection photoelasticity: a new method for studies of clinical mechanics in prosthetic dentistry
- 2003
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Ingår i: Dental Materials. - 0109-5641 .- 1879-0097. ; 19:2, s. 106-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. This research was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of reflective photoelasticity as an in vivo technique for monitoring the strain/stress distribution in prosthetic devices during function. Methods. Seven subjects were selected for this study and divided into three groups according to the design of the prostheses. The buccal surfaces of the experimental prostheses were coated with a birefringent resin 2 mm thick. Using a reflection polariscope, fringe patterns were documented on video tape during standardized in vivo loadings. Strain and stress levels (gamma(max) and tau(max)) were calculated from isochromatic fringe order determinations. The intra-observer variability in counting fringe orders and the accuracy level of reflective photoelasticity as compared to strain gauge results were also studied. The strain results of in vivo loading of the prostheses were analyzed with ANOVA and Scheffes tests. The intra-observer variability was analyzed with the Friedman nonparametric test. Comparisons of photoelastic data and strain gauges were tested with Pearson's correlation. Results. Coated areas accessible to normally incident light, produced comprehensive maps of strain distribution. Significant differences were found in the in vivo gamma(max) values for the prostheses designs (p < 0.05). The test for intra-observer variability showed that no significant differences occurred in counting fringe orders. Strain values obtained with reflective photoelasticity showed a high correlation r = 0.98 and 0.99) with values obtained at the same areas using strain gauges. Significance. Reflective photoelasticity is a valid, reliable and accurate technique to be used for in vivo studies on the biomechanical behavior of prosthetic devices. (C) 2003 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 50. |
- Han, MS, et al.
(författare)
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Study on dynamic behaviour in 3PB ductile steel specimen applied by the impact load
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Automotive Technology. - 1229-9138. ; 6:3, s. 229-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamic crack growth in ductile steel is investigated by means of the impact loaded 3 point bending (3PB) specimens. Results from experiments and numerical simulations are compared to each other. A modified 3PB specimen designed with the reduced width at its ends has been developed in order to avoid the initial compressive loading of the crack tip and also to avoid the uncertain boundary conditions at the impact heads. Numerical simulations of the experiments are made by using a finite element method (FEM) code, ABAQUS. The high speed photography is used to obtain the crack growth and the data of the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD). The direct measurements of the relative rotations of two specimen halves are made by using the Moire interference pattern.
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