| 1. |
- Hernroth, Bodil, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of ocean acidification on antimicrobial activity in gills of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fish and Shellfish Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 1050-4648 .- 1095-9947. ; 55, s. 452-459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we aimed to investigate potential effects of ocean acidification on antimicrobial peptide (AMP) activity in the gills of Mytilus edulis, as gills are directly facing seawater and the changing pH (predicted to be reduced from ∼8.1 to ∼7.7 by 2100). The AMP activity of gill and haemocyte extracts was compared at pH 6.0, 7.7 and 8.1, with a radial diffusion assay against Escherichia coli. The activity of the gill extracts was not affected by pH, while it was significantly reduced with increasing pH in the haemocyte extracts. Gill extracts were also tested against different species of Vibrio (V. parahaemolyticus, V. tubiashii, V. splendidus, V. alginolyticus) at pH 7.7 and 8.1. The metabolic activity of the bacteria decreased by ∼65–90%, depending on species of bacteria, but was, as in the radial diffusion assay, not affected by pH. The results indicated that AMPs from gills are efficient in a broad pH-range. However, when mussels were pre-exposed for pH 7.7 for four month the gill extracts presented significantly lower inhibit of bacterial growth. A full in-depth proteome investigation of gill extracts, using LC-Orbitrap MS/MS technique, showed that among previously described AMPs from haemocytes of Mytilus, myticin A was found up-regulated in response to lipopolysaccharide, 3 h post injection. Sporadic occurrence of other immune related peptides/proteins also pointed to a rapid response (0.5–3 h p.i.). Altogether, our results indicate that the gills of blue mussels constitute an important first line defence adapted to act at the pH of seawater. The antimicrobial activity of the gills is however modulated when mussels are under the pressure of ocean acidification, which may give future advantages for invading pathogens.
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| 2. |
- Lamichhane, N., et al.
(författare)
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Real-World Outcomes of Patients Starting Intravenous and Transitioning to Subcutaneous Vedolizumab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- 2024
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Ingår i: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0163-2116 .- 1573-2568.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Real-world data on starting intravenous (IV) vedolizumab (VDZ) and transitioning to subcutaneous (SC) treatment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are scarce. AIMS: To assess treatment outcomes of patients with IBD starting IV VDZ and switching to SC VDZ in routine clinical care.METHODS: Adult patients with IBD switching from IV to SC VDZ treatment between 1 March 2020 and 31 December 2021 were identified from the Swedish IBD quality register. The primary outcome was SC VDZ persistence. Secondary outcomes included clinical remission, changes in quality of life (QoL) according to EuroQual 5-Dimensions 5-Levels (EQ-5D-5L) and the Short-Health Scale (SHS) and inflammatory markers, including faecal Calprotectin (FCP).RESULTS: Altogether, 406 patients with IBD (Crohn's disease, n = 181; ulcerative colitis, n = 225) were identified. After a median follow-up of 30 months from starting IV VDZ treatment, the persistence rates were 98%(178/181) in Crohn's disease and 94% (211/225) in ulcerative colitis. Most patients (84%) transitioned during maintenance therapy, and the median follow-up from switch to SC VDZ was 10 months. Compared to baseline, statistically significant improvements were observed in all domains of the SHS, EQ-5D index value and visual analogue scale. Median (interquartile range) FCP concentrations (μg/g) decreased from 459 (185-1001) to 65 (26-227) in Crohn's disease (n = 45; p < 0.001) and from 646 (152-1450) to 49 (20-275) in ulcerative colitis (n = 58; p < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Initiating IV VDZ and switching to SC treatment was associated with high persistence rates and improvements in measures of QoL and FCP. These findings are reassuring for patients who start IV VDZ and switch to SC VDZ.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Alveolar mast cells shift to an FcεRI-expressing phenotype in mild atopic asthma: a novel feature in allergic asthma pathology.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 66:12, s. 1590-1597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A unique feature of alveolar mast cells is their low high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expression. Recent discoveries in uncontrolled asthma suggest that the appearance of FcεRI-expressing alveolar mast cells may be a novel disease-specific feature of allergic asthma. This study investigates whether increased FcεRI-expressing alveolar mast cells are present in patients with mild allergic asthma or even in non-asthmatic allergic rhinitis patients (AR) who have developed bronchial hyperactivity (BHR). Methods: Bronchial and alveolar tissues were obtained from healthy controls, AR patients with or without BHR, and AR patients with concurrent asthma. Samples were processed for immunohistochemical identification of MC(T) and MC(TC) and expression of FcεRI and surface-bound IgE. Results: Bronchial mast cell expression of FcεRI was high in all groups. In contrast, in the alveolar tissue, the expression of FcεRI on mast cells was low in healthy controls and in the AR patient groups, whereas a high expression was present in AR patients with concurrent asthma (P = 0.006 compared to controls). The asthmatics had a 29-fold increase in numbers (P = 0.006) and a 19-fold increase in proportion (P = 0.007) of alveolar mast cells that expressed surface-bound IgE. Conclusions: The present data show that alveolar mast cells in patients with mild atopic asthma, but not atopic patients with AR, have turned into a highly FcεRI- and IgE-expressing phenotype. These data support the hypothesis that increased FcεRI expression on alveolar mast cells is a novel disease-specific feature of allergic asthma that is important for understanding asthma phenotypes and designing new therapeutic strategies.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Mast cell-associated alveolar inflammation in patients with atopic uncontrolled asthma
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6825 .- 0091-6749. ; 127:4, s. 123-905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A significant proportion of patients with asthma have persistent symptoms despite treatment with inhaled glucocorticosteroids. Objective: We hypothesized that in these patients, the alveolar parenchyma is subjected to mast cell-associated alterations. Methods: Bronchial and transbronchial biopsies from healthy controls (n = 8), patients with allergic rhinitis (n = 8), and patients with atopic uncontrolled asthma (symptoms despite treatment with inhaled glucocorticosteroids; mean dose, 743 mu g/d; n = 14) were processed for immunohistochemical identification of mast cell subtypes and mast cell expression of Fc epsilon RI and surface-bound IgE. Results: Whereas no difference in density of total bronchial mast cells was observed between patients with asthma and healthy controls, the total alveolar mast cell density was increased in the patients with asthma (P < .01). Division into mast cell subtypes revealed that in bronchi of patients with asthma, tryptase positive mast cells (MCT) numbers decreased compared with controls (P <= .05), whereas tryptase and chymase positive mast cells (MCTC) increased (P <= .05). In the alveolar parenchyma from patients with asthma, an increased density was found for both MCT (P <= .05) and MCTC (P <= .05). The increased alveolar mast cell densities were paralleled by an increased mast cell expression of FceRI (P < .001) compared with the controls. The patients with asthma also had increased numbers (P < .001) and proportions (P < .001) of alveolar mast cells with surface-bound IgE. Similar increases in densities, FceRI expression, and surface-bound IgE were not seen in separate explorations of alveolar mast cells in patients with allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: Our data suggest that patients with atopic uncontrolled asthma have an increased parenchymal infiltration of MCT and MCTC populations with increased expression of FceRI and surface-bound IgE compared with atopic and nonatopic controls. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:905-12.)
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| 5. |
- Axelsson, Jonas, 1974-
(författare)
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Dominanser : En utveckling av den realistiska livsformsteorin
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present dissertation develops a specific theory about everyday life called realist life mode theory. This theory is based on critical realism and consists of "work", "love" and "life mode" as central concepts. The background of the theory is the Danish life mode analysis developed by Thomas Højrup in the 1980:s. The aim of the study is to develop the central clusters of concepts in the realist life mode theory - i. e. "work", "love", "life mode" in a theoretical way. These concepts are seen as clusters since other related concepts are developed in connection to the concepts mentioned above. In connection to work I also discuss the concepts of "labour power", "labour receptor", and "work form"; in relation to love, "love power", "love receptor" and "love form" are discussed. And "life mode" is connected with the concept of "everyday life" in a more exact way than before. The argument of this study is that realist life mode theory is about two fundamental types of dominance - personal dominance and structural dominance. "Personal dominance" is used synonymously with "ownership". "Structural dominance" is dominance between non-personal, non-conscious entities. Life mode theory is a theory about ownership surrounded by structural dominances both beneath the owning person (sub-personally), and above (socially). Personal dominance - ownership - is produced via two human and societal processes - work and love. Work is defined as doing and occuring in the sphere of necessity. In work there especially are possibilities for ownership of the material surroundings. Love is defined as doing and occuring in the sphere of freedom. In love humans produce each other as self-owned persons through transaction of love power. Both work and love has great emancipatory potentials, and this theme is discussed in the present study. But, unfortunately, really existing work and love practices are to a great extent exploitative. Labour power is exploited in capitalism, and love power in patriarchy. When it comes to structural dominance, this study focuses on the following dominances: The dominance of labour receptor over labour power in men´s working life; the dominance of love power over love receptor in women´s love life. The dominance of work over love in men´s everyday life; the dominance of love over work in women´s everyday life. And on a more social level we find the following dominances: in the male life modes the work form dominates the love form. In female life modes the love form dominates the work form. And finally, in society as a whole male life modes have dominance over female life modes. When the dominance between social structures is analyzed, a distinction is made between "dominance form" and "the substance of dominance".
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| 6. |
- Beket, Gulzada, et al.
(författare)
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Overcoming the voltage losses caused by the acceptor-based interlayer in laminated indoor OPVs
- 2023
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Ingår i: SMARTMAT. - : WILEY. - 2766-8525.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Harvesting indoor light to power electronic devices for the Internet of Things has become an application scenario for emerging photovoltaics, especially utilizing organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Combined liquid- and solid-state processing, such as printing and lamination used in industry for developing indoor OPVs, also provides a new opportunity to investigate the device structure, which is otherwise hardly possible based on the conventional approach due to solvent orthogonality. This study investigates the impact of fullerene-based acceptor interlayer on the performance of conjugated polymer-fullerene-based laminated OPVs for indoor applications. We observe open-circuit voltage (V-OC) loss across the interface despite this arrangement being presumed to be ideal for optimal device performance. Incorporating insulating organic components such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) or polystyrene (PS) into fullerene interlayers decreases the work function of the cathode, leading to better energy level alignment with the active layer (AL) and reducing the V-OC loss across the interface. Neutron reflectivity studies further uncover two different mechanisms behind the V-OC increase upon the incorporation of these insulating organic components. The self-organized PEI layer could hinder the transfer of holes from the AL to the acceptor interlayer, while the gradient distribution of the PS-incorporated fullerene interlayer eliminates the thermalization losses. This work highlights the importance of structural dynamics near the extraction interfaces in OPVs and provides experimental demonstrations of interface investigation between solution-processed cathodic fullerene layer and bulk heterojunction AL.
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, H, et al.
(författare)
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Expansion pattern and risk of rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms that were not operated on
- 1993
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgery. - 1102-4151. ; 159:9, s. 461-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To analyse the outcome of selective management of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms, the expansion patterns of the aneurysms, and the factors that influenced the rate of rupture. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Malmo General Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 155 patients (96 men and 59 women) with abdominal aortic aneurysms who were not selected for operation for whatever reason were included in the study immediately after their first ultrasound scan. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality, expansion rate (mm/year) measured on ultrasound scan, and rate of rupture of aneurysm. RESULTS: Median aneurysmal diameter was 40 mm (range 20-80), and length (n = 106) 70 (range 28-140). The patients were followed up for a median of 3.4 years (range 0-10.2). A total of 107 patients died and in 21 the aneurysms ruptured (4 were operated on and survived). Thirteen patients were re-evaluated and operated on electively. Ultrasonography was repeated in 98 patients, the median expansion rates (mm/year) were 3.1 (diameter) and 1.9 (length). There was a significant linear relationship between initial size (diameter and length) and rate of expansion of diameter. The risk of rupture was greater in larger aneurysms that were expanding more quickly. The cumulative mortality was not affected by the 21 aneurysms that ruptured. CONCLUSION: Selective management of patients with aortic aneurysms is justified.
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| 8. |
- Bergqvist, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Alveolar T-helper type-2 immunity in atopic asthma is associated with poor clinical control
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Science. - 1470-8736. ; 128:1, s. 47-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-world evaluation studies have shown that many patients with asthma remain symptomatic despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). As conventional ICSs have poor access to the peripheral airways, the aim of the present paper was to study the relationship between peripheral airway inflammation and clinical control in allergic asthma. Consequently, bronchial and transbronchial biopsies were obtained from patients with poorly controlled asthma [n=12, asthma control test (ACT) score < 20], patients with well-controlled asthma (n= 12, ACT score >= 20) and healthy controls (n= 8). Tissue sections were immunostained to assess multiple leucocyte populations. To determine the degree of T-helper type-2 (Th2) immunity, the logarithmic value of the ratio between Th2 cells/mm(2) and Th1 cells/mm(2) was used as a surrogate score for Th2-skewed immunity. In the bronchi, the leucocyte infiltration pattern and the Th2-score were similar between patients with well-controlled asthma and those with poorly controlled asthma. In contrast, in the alveolar parenchyma, the expression of T-helper cells was significantly higher in patients with poorly controlled asthma than in patients with well-controlled asthma (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the alveolar Th2-score was significantly higher in patients with poorly controlled asthma (median 0.4) than in the controlled patients (median -0.10, P < 0.05). In addition, in contrast with bronchial Th2-score, the alveolar Th2-score correlated significantly with ACT score (r(s)=-0.62, P < 0.01) in the pooled asthma group. Collectively, our data reveal an alveolar Th2-skewed inflammation, specifically in asthmatic patients who are poorly controlled with ICSs, and suggest that pharmacological targeting of the peripheral airways may be beneficial in this large patient category.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bergqvist, David, et al.
(författare)
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Inga dödsfall/slaganfall efter kirurgi vid asymtomatisk karotisstenos : femårsresultat redovisat i riksstäckande register
- 2006
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 103:5, s. 301-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Swedish vascular registry 7473 carotid endarterectomies are registered, in 10% the indication being a symptomatic stenosis. There are great variations in indication for carotid endarterectomy within Sweden. During the last five years the combined postoperative mortality and/or postoperative permanent stroke has varied between 3% in 1999 and 1.5% in 2003. During the same period not a single patient operated on for a symptomatic carotid stenosis experienced these complications.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Bergqvist, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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From virtually extinct to superabundant in 35 years: establishment, population growth and shifts in management focus of the Swedish wild boar (Sus scrofa) population
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Zoology. - 2056-3132. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The wild boar (Sus scrofa) was extinct in Sweden when a few animals established in the 1970s. Over the past 35 years, the species has made a substantial comeback. In this paper, we analyse wild boar population growth using three indices of population size. We also map the legislative decisions and research prompted by the expanding population. We discuss to what extent, in the eyes of the state, the view of wild boar and the management focus has shifted over time, from a perceived pest (eradication) to scarce (conservation), overabundant (reduction/control) or somewhere in between (sustainable management). Results Wild boar harvest started in the early 1990s with a few hundred animals annually and peaked at 161,000 in 2020/2021. The distribution now comprises most of southern Sweden. Analyses of harvest and traffic accidents involving wild boar showed that the population grew exponentially until 2010/2011, after which the increase levelled off. Thus, logistic growth models showed the best fit for the full study period. We recorded 38 legislative decisions or commissions to government agencies regarding wild boar. The first decision in 1981 was to eradicate the free-ranging population. In 1987 however, the parliament decided that wild boar is native to Sweden and should be allowed in restricted extent. Later decisions mainly concerned hunting regulations and hunting methods as direct means to increase harvest and regulate the population. Another topic, increasing in importance over time, was to facilitate the use of wild boar meat to indirectly stimulate harvest. A local outbreak of African swine fever in 2023 necessitated a stamping out strategy in the affected area. We found 44 scientific papers regarding the present free-ranging population. Topics include movements and feeding patterns, hunting, reproduction, and population development. Conclusions The state historically regarded wild boar as a pest to be eradicated. This changed with the decision that wild boar should be allowed in restricted extent, suggesting a conservation approach. In response to population growth, the focus shifted to means facilitating sustainable management and, lately, reducing growth. The story of wild boar in Sweden illustrates attempts to mitigate conflicts and balance interests in wildlife management.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bergqvist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetric photocurrent extraction in semitransparent laminated flexible organic solar cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: npj Flexible Electronics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-4621. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scalable production methods and low-cost materials with low embodied energy are key to success for organic solar cells. PEDOT(PSS) electrodes meet these criteria and allow for low-cost and all solution-processed solar cells. However, such devices are prone to shunting. In this work we introduce a roll-to-roll lamination method to construct semitransparent solar cells with a PEDOT(PSS) anode and an polyethyleneimine (PEI) modified PEDOT(PSS) cathode. We use the polymer:PCBM active layer coated on the electrodes as the lamination adhesive. Our lamination method efficiently eliminates any shunting. Extended exposure to ambient degrades the laminated devices, which manifests in a significantly reduced photocurrent extraction when the device is illuminated through the anode, despite the fact that the PEDOT(PSS) electrodes are optically equivalent. We show that degradation-induced electron traps lead to increased trap-assisted recombination at the anode side of the device. By limiting the exposure time to ambient during production, degradation is significantly reduced. We show that lamination using the active layer as the adhesive can result in device performance equal to that of conventional sequential coating.
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| 15. |
- Bergqvist, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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Detection and Isolation of Sindbis Virus from Mosquitoes Captured During an Outbreak in Sweden, 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1530-3667 .- 1557-7759. ; 15:2, s. 133-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mosquito-borne alphaviruses have the potential to cause large outbreaks throughout the world. Here we investigated the causative agent of an unexpected Sindbis virus (SINV) outbreak during August-September, 2013, in a previously nonendemic region of Sweden. Mosquitoes were collected using carbon dioxide-baited CDC traps at locations close to human cases. The mosquitoes were initially screened as large pools by SINV-specific quantitative RT-PCR, and the SINV-positive mosquitoes were species determined by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, followed by sequencing the barcoding region of the cytochrome oxidase I gene. The proportion of the collected mosquitoes was determined by a metabarcoding strategy. By using novel strategies for PCR screening and genetic typing, a new SINV strain, Lovanger, was isolated from a pool of 1600 mosquitoes composed of Culex, Culiseta, and Aedes mosquitoes as determined by metabarcoding. The SINV-positive mosquito Culiseta morsitans was identified by SNP analysis and sequencing. After whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the SINV Lovanger isolate was shown to be most closely similar to recent Finnish SINV isolates. In conclusion, within a few weeks, we were able to detect and isolate a novel SINV strain and identify the mosquito vector during a sudden SINV outbreak.
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| 16. |
- Bergqvist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of optical constants and phase transition temperatures in polymer fullerene thin films for polymer solar cells
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Plastic photovoltaics combining semiconducting polymers with fullerene derivatives have the potentialto become the first cost efficient solar cells able to compete with fossil fuels. The maximum powerconversion efficiency is already 8.3%[1] , and new polymers arrive frequently in the search for efficienciesof 10%. As a first step in the screening of candidate materials, the optical constants of the purepolymer as well as the polymer blend with fullerenes are determined from Variable Angle SpectroscopicEllipsometry (VASE), using Tauc-Lorentz oscillator models, throughout the solar spectrum. Thesemodels are then used to predict the upper limits to photocurrent generation in devices, in transfermatrix simulations of the multilayer thin film photovoltaic devices. This forms an essential step in thechoice of materials for optimization in devices.Materials optics measurements are also used to deduce the phase diagram of polymer and polymerblend films. The glass transition temperature is very important for plastic solar cells and mustbe higher than the 80C a device can reach to avoid degradation during operation. Temperaturedependent ellipsometric measurements has proven to be a feasible way to determine phase transitionsin polymer thin films[2] . These transitions are displayed as a sudden change of the volumetricexpansion coefficient, and are manifested by an abrupt increase of thickness at the phase transitiontemperature. For thickness determination a Cauchy model is applied to the transparent infrared partof the spectra.References1. Z. He, C. Zhong, X. Huang, W-Y. Wong, H. Wu, L. Chen, S. Su, Y Cao, Advanced Materials 23, 4636(2011)2. M. Campoy-Quiles, P.G. Etchegoin, D.D.C. Bradley, Synthetic Metals 155, 279(2005)
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| 17. |
- Bergqvist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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In situ reflectance imaging of organic thin film formation from solution
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The rapid progress of organic photovoltaic devices during the last decade, with power conversion efficiencies now exceeding 8%, has brought the technology close to an industrial breakthrough. For polymer solar cells, roll to roll printing is desired to gain the production advantage. The formation of the photoactive material from solutions needs to be controlled and optimized. Therefore a suitable method to monitor the deposition process is needed as deviations of drying times1 and drying rates2 during the coating process have proven to generate morphology variations causing variations in photocurrent generation.Here we demonstrate how reflectance imaging can be used to monitor the drying process, both for spin coating and blade coating deposition. A blue LED is used as light source to generate specular reflections imaged by a CMOS camera. The thinning of the wet film can then be observed by thin film interference, and can be recorded for each pixel. This enables an estimation of the evaporation rate for each pixel mapped over the substrate. For spin coating the evaporation rate is shown to increase with the distance from the rotation center, whereas the air flow is the determining parameter during blade coating. By mapping the times when interference ceases, lateral variations in drying time are visualized. Furthermore the quenching of polymer photoluminescence during the drying process can be visualized, thus creating a possibility to estimate morphological variations. Moreover lateral thickness variations of the dry film can be visualized by scanning ellipsometry. After depositing a top electrode photocurrent images can be generated by a laser scanning method. This allows for a direct comparison of drying conditions and photocurrent generation. The possibility to monitor the thin film formation as well as lateral variations in thickness in-situ by a non-invasive method, is an important step for future large scale applications where stable high performing generating morphologies have to be formed over large areas.1Schmidt-Hansberg, B.; Sanyal, M.; Klein, M.F.G.; Pfaff, M.; Schnabel, N.; Jaiser, S.; Vorobiev, A.; Müller, E.; Colsmann, A.; Scharfer, P.; Gerthsen, D.; Lemmer, U.; Barrena, E.; and Schabel, W., ACS Nano 5 , 2011, 8579-85902 Hou, L.; Wang, E.; Bergqvist, J.; Andersson, V.B.; Wang, Z.; Müller, C.; Campoy-Quiles, M.; Andersson, M.R.; Zhang, F.; Inganäs, O.,Adv. Func. Mat. 21 , 2011, 3169–3175
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bergqvist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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In situ reflectance imaging of organic thin film formation from solution deposition
- 2013
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 114, s. 89-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we present reflectance imaging as a suitable method for in situ monitoring of the drying process of film formation for organic photovoltaics (OPV) over large areas, as well as for lab-scale spin-coating. The drying wet film is illuminated with a narrow bandwidth LED with the specularly reflected light recorded by a video camera as the film dries and forms the active layer of the OPV cell. The interference fringes generated by the thinning wet film can be used to measure the rate of solvent evaporation and the drying time. Subsequent mapping elucidates variations in drying conditions over the substrate, which lead to variations in morphology formation. The technique is suitable for tracking thickness variations of the dry film, with a sensitivity of 10 nm, by comparing the intensity of the reflected light from the dry film to simulated interference conditions calculated for each thickness. The drying process is furthermore accurately simulated by an optical model considering the changes in refractive index as the amount of solvent decreases with respect to the solid content. This non-invasive in situ method represents an important monitoring tool for future large scale OPV manufacturing where high performing morphologies with uniform thickness have to be formed over very large areas.
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| 20. |
- Bergqvist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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LED array scanner for inline characterization of thin film photovoltaic modules
- 2016
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 157:17, s. 1057-1064
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin film solar cells, and in particular printed organic solar cells, offer a potential route to a low cost power generation from sunlight. However, manufacturing these solar cells rapidly generates large areas that have to be characterized, preferably in-line for a direct feed back in the production process. Here we introduce the LEDimage, a LED array illumination induced photocurrent method suitable for high speed inline characterization and defect detection of organic solar cell modules. The LEDimage enables simultaneous illumination of all connected subcells without additional bias light. Each LED in the array is amplitude modulated at an individual frequency and the photocurrent response is Fourier transformed to generate a photocurrent map. Furthermore, the LEDimage can be used as a hand scanner for fast device characterization. We expect that LEDimage can be an effective research and industry tool for characterization of large area thin film solar cells.
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| 21. |
- Bergqvist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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New method for lateral mapping of bimolecular recombination in thin-film organic solar cells
- 2016
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Ingår i: Progress in Photovoltaics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1062-7995 .- 1099-159X. ; 24:8, s. 1096-1108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The best organic solar cells are limited by bimolecular recombination. Tools to study these losses are available; however, they are only developed for small area (laboratory-scale) devices and are not yet available for large area (production-scale) devices. Here we introduce the Intermodulation Light Beam-Induced Current (IMLBIC) technique, which allows simultaneous spatial mapping of both the amount of extracted photocurrent and the bimolecular recombination over the active area of a solar cell. We utilize the second-order non-linear dependence on the illumination intensity as a signature for bimolecular recombination. Using two lasers modulated with different frequencies, we record the photocurrent response at each modulation frequency and the bimolecular recombination in the second-order intermodulation response at the sum and difference of the two frequencies. Drift-diffusion simulations predict a unique response for different recombination mechanisms. We successfully verify our approach by studying solar cells known to have mainly bimolecular recombination and thus propose this method as a viable tool for lateral detection and characterization of the dominant recombination mechanisms in organic solar cells. We expect that IMLBIC will be an important future tool for characterization and detection of recombination losses in large area organic solar cells.
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| 22. |
- Bergqvist, Jonas, 1983-
(författare)
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Optoelectrical Imaging Methods for Organic Photovoltaic Materials and Moduls
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To achieve a high living standard for all people on Earth access to low cost energy is essential. The massive burning of fossil fuels must be drastically reduced if we are to avoid large changes of our climate. Solar cells are both technologically mature and have the potential to meet the huge demand for renewable energy in many countries. The prices for silicon solar cells have decreased rapidly during the course of this thesis and are now in grid parity in many countries.However, the potential for even lower energy costs has driven the research on polymer solar cells, a class of thin film solar cells. Polymer solar cells can be produced by roll to roll printing which potentially enables truly low cost solar cells. However, much research and development remain to reach that target.Polymer solar cells consist of a semiconducting composite material sandwiched between two electrodes, of which one is transparent, to let the light energy in to the semiconductor where it is converted to electric energy. The semiconductor comprise an intimate blend of polymer and fullerenes, where the nanostructure of this blend is crucial for the photo current extraction.To reach higher solar cell performance the dominating strategy is development and fine tuning of new polymers. To estimate their potential as solar cell materials their optical response have been determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Furthermore, optical simulations have been performed where the direction dependency of the optical response of the transparent electrode material PEDOT:PSS have been accounted for. The simulations show reduced electrode losses for light incident at large oblique angles.Moreover, we have shown that a gentle annealing of the active layer induces a local conformational changes of an amorphous polymer that is beneficial for solar cell performance. The active layer is deposited from solution where the drying kinetics determine the final nanostructure. We have shown that using in-situ photoluminescence phase separation can be detected during the drying process while a reflectance method have been developed to image lateral variations of solvent evaporation rate.Imaging methods are important tools to detect performance variations over the solar cell area. For this purpose an intermodulation based photo current imaging method have been developed to qualitatively differentiate the major photo current loss mechanisms. In addition, a 1D LED-array photo current imaging method have been developed and verified for high speed in-line characterization of printed organic solar modules.
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| 23. |
- Bergqvist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Sub-glass transition annealing enhances polymer solar cell performance
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7488. ; 2:17, s. 6146-6152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal annealing of non-crystalline polymer: fullerene blends typically results in a drastic decrease in solar cell performance. In particular aggressive annealing above the glass transition temperature results in a detrimental coarsening of the blend nanostructure. We demonstrate that mild annealing below the glass transition temperature is a viable avenue to control the nanostructure of a non-crystalline thiophene-quinoxaline copolymer: fullerene blend. Direct imaging methods indicate that coarsening of the blend nanostructure can be avoided. However, a combination of absorption and luminescence spectroscopy reveals that local changes in the polymer conformation as well as limited fullerene aggregation are permitted to occur. As a result, we are able to optimise the solar cell performance evenly across different positions of the coated area, which is a necessary criterion for large-scale, high throughput production.
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| 24. |
- Bergqvist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Time-resolved morphology formation of solution cast polymer : fullerene blends revealed by in-situ photoluminescence spectroscopy
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The nanoscale morphology of the photo-active layer in organic solar cells is critical for device efficiency. The photoactive layer is cast from solution and during drying both the polymer and the fullerene self-assemble to form a blend. Here, we introduce in-situ spectroscopic photoluminescence (PL) combined with laser reflectometry to monitor the drying process of an amorphous polymer:fullerene blend. When casting only the pristine components (polymer or PCBM only), the strength of PL emission is proportional to the solid content of the drying solution, and both kinetics reveal a rapid aggregation onset at the final stage of film drying. On the contrary, when casting polymer:fullerene blends, the strength of PL emission is proportional to the wet film thickness and reveals polymer/fullerene charge transfer (CT) already at the earliest stages of film drying, i.e. in dilute solutions. The proposed method allows to detect polymer/fullerene phase separation during film casting – from a reduction in the PL quenching rate as the film dries. Poor solvents lead to phase separation already at early stages of film drying (low solid content), resulting in a coarse final morphology as confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). We therefore anticipate that the proposed method will be an important tool in the future development of processing inks, not only for solution-cast polymer:fullerene solar cells but also for organic heterojunctions in general.
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| 25. |
- Bergqvist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Uniaxial anisotropy in PEDOT:PSS electrodes enhances the photo current at oblique incidence in organic solar cells
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this work an uniaxial anisotropic treatment of the transparent conductor PEDOT:PSS is included in the transfer matrix method (TMM), used to calculate the optical power dissipation in organic solar cells. PEDOT:PSS is known to be anisotropic and exhibit a weaker absorption and lower refractive index in the out of plane direction. For p-polarized light at large oblique incidence the inclusion of anisotropy show a gain of over 10% for the maximum photocurrent as compared to an isotropic treatment. Due to the interference in devices with reflecting bottom electrodes, the active layer absorption gain is not always occurring for the wavelengths with highest dichroism. This work show that using PEDOT:PSS as top electrode further strengthens the argument that thin film solar cells perform better than their silicon counterparts under oblique incidence. We also confirm previous studies showing that the optical interference maxima is shifted to slightly thicker films for oblique incidence for solar cells with reflective bottom electrodes.
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| 26. |
- Bergqvist, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Uniaxial Anisotropy in PEDOT:PSS Electrodes Enhances the Photocurrent at Oblique Incidence in Organic Solar Cells
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ACS Photonics. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2330-4022. ; 5:8, s. 3023-3030
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PEDOT:PSS is a well studied organic conductor, commonly used as a transparent electrode material in printed organic devices such as organic solar cells. PEDOT:PSS thin films are known to be uniaxially anisotropic and exhibit a lower extinction coefficient and lower refractive index in the out of plane direction. To determine the maximum attainable photocurrent in thin film solar cells, the optical power dissipation can be calculated by the transfer matrix method. However, until now the anisotropic properties of PEDOT:PSS films have not been included in the model. In this work we have included an uniaxial anisotropic treatment of PEDOT:PSS films. We investigate reversed and semitransparent solar cells, with aluminum and PEDOT:PSS respectively as the second electrode and PEDOT:PSS as the top electrode, as compared to devices with isotropic PEDOT:PSS electrodes. For p-polarized light at large oblique incidence the inclusion of anisotropy shows a gain of over 7% for the maximum photocurrent in reversed solar cells. In semitransparent solar cells the photocurrent enhancement reaches 4-5% for p-polarized light. However, an enhancement of optical power dissipation and thus photocurrent generation of close to 40% is calculated for wavelengths close to the absorber bandgap. This work shows that for correct calculations of optical power dissipation in devices with PEDOT:PSS electrodes anisotropy should be included in the optical model. This will be especially important to determine the daily energy output of organic solar cells as their expected first markets are on building facades and indoor applications with larger fractions of diffuse light at large oblique incidence.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Bergqvist, Rickard, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Intermodal road-rail transport in Sweden - on the path to sustainability
- 2010
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Ingår i: The 12th WCTR Proceedings.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intermodal road-rail freight transport has long been seen as playing a key role in reducing CO2 emissions from freight transport. The reduction of CO2 emission is of great importance to reduce the greenhouse effect and create a sustainable society. However, the full potential of intermodal transport for CO2 reduction remains to be determined. At first glance, the intermodal transport market has showed modest growth compared to other modes of transport, such as direct road. However, there are segments of the intermodal market, in particular in the road-rail segment that has shown significant growth during the last decade. This article looks at the potential for intermodal road-rail transport and describes the remarkable journey that has taken place in the hinterland road-rail segment, especially in Scandinavia. Furthermore, it includes a brief examination of how current trends affect the role and development of intermodal road-rail transport. Stakeholders currently face new challenges as a result of the current financial crisis and global recession, however, this article identifies a significant long-term potential for modal shift related to the competitiveness of the road-rail intermodal transport segment. This article also outlines the trends that are likely to realise the identified potential for modal shift and the road-rail intermodal market in Scandinavia. Based on previous research, a study has been conducted in Sweden on the potential reduction of CO2 from intermodal transport. The potential of intermodal freight transport has been determined, the associated of CO2 reduction estimated and the potential effect of future trends in the industry has been examined. Modelling has been performed using the Heuristics Intermodal Transport Model, HIT-model, on the national Swedish transport system and detailed modelling for the rail shuttles system of Dry Ports in Sweden. To elaborate on the potential identified, the Swedish segment of hinterland road-rail transport and Dry Ports are examined in more detail, as well as future trends and challenges related to intermodal transport. The current intermodal transport system in Sweden (including port related shuttles) has a 4% market share (4.1 billion tonnekm) and, thus, results in a reduction of 160 000 tonnes CO2 annually compared to if all-road transport had been used. The segment of port related hinterland road-rail transport constitutes about 25% of that CO2 reduction. The identified theoretical potentials for intermodal road-rail freight transport and modal shift is up to 50% of the long-haul transport or 1.6 million tones CO2 using current technology. The Swedish segment of hinterland road-rail transport could constitute a large part of that potential as strategic scenarios indicate possible emission reductions of up to 500 000 tonnes of CO2 within a foreseeable future. In sum, modal shift using current technology have a great potential for decreasing CO2 emissions. The growing segment of hinterland road-rail transport will most probably constitute an important role in achieving this potential. With the help of alternative rail engines, handling equipment, changed operating philosophy, new load unit types, etc. the emission reduction potential may be even greater.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Bergqvist, Yngve, et al.
(författare)
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In memory of Niklas Lindegardh
- 2012
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Ingår i: Bioanalysis. - 1757-6180 .- 1757-6199. ; 4:6, s. 751-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 34. |
- Biglarnia, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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Venous thromboembolism in live kidney donors : a prospective study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337 .- 1534-6080. ; 86:5, s. 659-661
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM:The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and deep vein thrombosis after living donor nephrectomy in a center using extensive preoperative screening and perioperative venous duplex scan.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thrombophilia screening and pre- and postoperative ultrasonographies were performed in 130 consecutive living kidney donors (laparoscopic 105, open 25). Donors were followed prospectively for at least 3 months. All donors received prophylaxis with the low molecular weight heparin enoxaparin and compression stockings. Donors with increased risk received a double dose of enoxaparin and the prophylaxis was continued for 6 weeks. Donors with venous thrombosis at discharge duplex also received prolonged prophylaxis.RESULTS:The frequency of thrombophilia was similar to what can be expected in the Swedish population (four with factor V Leiden and one each with protein S deficiency, prothrombin gene mutation, and anticardiolipin antibodies). Preoperative duplex was normal. Three donors had small postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Twelve donors (9.2%) received an intensified and prolonged prophylaxis. No further thromboembolic complications developed in 3 postoperative months.CONCLUSION:With the present protocol for preoperative evaluation, perioperative duplex screening, and prophylaxis, the risk of postoperative VTE is low after living donor nephrectomy. Given that 9.2% had risk factors or developed deep vein thrombosis, the extraordinary situation of an operation being performed on a healthy person who has no therapeutic benefit and the low incidence of VTE in the present study, we recommend the presented approach to be implemented more broadly and that further studies are performed in larger cohorts.
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| 35. |
- Blomberg, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Randomized Trials of Systemic Medically-treated Malignant Mesothelioma : A Systematic Review
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 35:5, s. 2493-2501
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare but aggressive malignancy mainly localized to the pleura. Malignant mesothelioma grows highly invasive into surrounding tissue and has a low tendency to metastasize. The median overall survival (OS) of locally advanced or metastatic disease without treatment is 4-13 months but, during recent years, improvement in survival has been achieved since treatment for patients with mesothelioma has improved with better palliative care, systemic medical treatment, surgery and improved diagnostics methods. The present review aims at describing available data from randomized trials considering systemic medical treatment for this patient category.
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| 36. |
- Borgani, Riccardo, et al.
(författare)
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Intermodulation electrostatic force microscopy for imaging surface photo-voltage
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 105:14, s. 143113-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate an alternative to Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy for imaging surface potential. The open-loop, single-pass technique applies a low-frequency AC voltage to the atomic force microscopy tip while driving the cantilever near its resonance frequency. Frequency mixing due to the nonlinear capacitance gives intermodulation products of the two drive frequencies near the cantilever resonance, where they are measured with high signal to noise ratio. Analysis of this intermodulation response allows for quantitative reconstruction of the contact potential difference. We derive the theory of the method, validate it with numerical simulation and a control experiment, and we demonstrate its utility for fast imaging of the surface photo-voltage on an organic photovoltaic material.
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| 37. |
- Borlenghi, Simone, et al.
(författare)
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Coherent energy transport in classical nonlinear oscillators : An analogy with the Josephson effect
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. - 1539-3755 .- 1550-2376. ; 91:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By means of a simple theoretical model and numerical simulations, we demonstrate the presence of persistent energy currents in a lattice of classical nonlinear oscillators with uniform temperature and chemical potential. In analogy with the well-known Josephson effect, the currents are proportional to the sine of the phase differences between the oscillators. Our results elucidate general aspects of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and point towards a way to practically control transport phenomena in a large class of systems. We apply the model to describe the phase-controlled spin-wave current in a bilayer nanopillar.
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| 38. |
- Borlenghi, Simone, et al.
(författare)
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Energy and magnetization transport in nonequilibrium macrospin systems
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. - 1539-3755 .- 1550-2376. ; 92:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate numerically the magnetization dynamics of an array of nanodisks interacting through the magnetodipolar coupling. In the presence of a temperature gradient, the chain reaches a nonequilibrium steady state where energy and magnetization currents propagate. This effect can be described as the flow of energy and particle currents in an off-equilibrium discrete nonlinear Schrodinger (DNLS) equation. This model makes transparent the transport properties of the system and allows for a precise definition of temperature and chemical potential for a precessing spin. The present study proposes a setup for the spin-Seebeck effect, and shows that its qualitative features can be captured by a general oscillator-chain model.
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| 39. |
- Chico, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Thermally driven domain-wall motion in Fe on W(110)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 90:1, s. 014434-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has recently been shown that domain walls (DWs) in ferromagnets can be moved in the presence of thermal gradients. In this work we study the motion of narrow domain walls in low-dimensional systems when subjected to thermal gradients. The system chosen is a monolayer of Fe on W(110) which is known to exhibit a large anisotropy while having a soft exchange, resulting in a very narrow domain wall. The study is performed by means of atomistic spin dynamics simulations coupled to first-principles calculations. By subjecting this system to thermal gradients we observe a temperature-dependent movement of the domain wall. The thermal gradient always makes the domain wall move towards the hotter region of the sample with a velocity proportional to the gradient. Our material specific study is complemented by model simulations to discern the interplay between the thermal gradient, magnetic anisotropy, and the exchange interaction and shows that the larger DW velocities are found for materials with broader domain-wall width. The relatively slow DW motion of the Fe/W(110) system is hence primarily caused by its narrow domain-wall width, which results from its large magnetic anisotropy and soft exchange
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| 40. |
- Cui, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Wide-gap non-fullerene acceptor enabling high-performance organic photovoltaic cells for indoor applications
- 2019
-
Ingår i: NATURE ENERGY. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2058-7546. ; 4:9, s. 768-775
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic photovoltaic cells are potential candidates to drive low power consumption off-grid electronics for indoor applications. However, their power conversion efficiency is still limited by relatively large losses in the open-circuit voltage and a non-optimal absorption spectrum for indoor illumination. Here, we carefully designed a non-fullerene acceptor named IO-4CI and blend it with a polymer donor named PBDB-TF to obtain a photoactive layer whose absorption spectrum matches that of indoor light sources. The photovoltaic characterizations reveal a low energy loss below 0.60 eV. As a result, the organic photovoltaic cell (1 cm(2)) shows a power conversion efficiency of 26.1% with an open-circuit voltage of 1.10 V under a light-emitting diode illumination of 1,000 lux (2,700 K). We also fabricated a large-area cell (4 cm(2)) through the blade-coating method. Our cell shows an excellent stability, maintaining its initial photovoltaic performance under continuous illumination of the indoor light source for 1,000 hours.
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| 41. |
- Diaz de Zerio Mendaza, Amaia, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Neat C60:C70 buckminsterfullerene mixtures enhance polymer solar cell performance
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 2:35, s. 14354-14359
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate that bulk-heterojunction blends based on neat, unsubstituted buckminsterfullerenes (C60, C70) and a thiophene–quinoxaline copolymer (TQ1) can be readily processed from solution. Atomic force and transmission electron microscopy as well as photoluminescence spectroscopy reveal that thin films with a fine-grained nanostructure can be spin-coated, which display a good photovoltaic performance. Replacement of substituted fullerenes with C60 or C70 only results in a small drop in open-circuit voltage from 0.9 V to about 0.8 V. Thus, a power conversion efficiency of up to 2.9% can be maintained if C70 is used as the acceptor material. Further improvement in photovoltaic performance to 3.6% is achieved, accompanied by a high internal quantum efficiency of 75%, if a 1 : 1 C60:C70 mixture is used as the acceptor material, due to its improved solubility in ortho-dichlorobenzene.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Gela, Anele, et al.
(författare)
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Osteopontin binds and modulate functions of eosinophil-recruiting chemokines.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 71:1, s. 58-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergic asthma is characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and airway obstruction. There is also an increased risk of pulmonary infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, in particular during severe asthma where high levels of the glycoprotein, osteopontin (OPN) are present in the airways. Eosinophils can be recruited by chemokines activating the receptor CCR3 including eotaxin-1/CCL11, eotaxin-2/CCL24, eotaxin-3/CCL26, RANTES/CCL5, and MEC/CCL28. In addition to inducing chemotaxis, several of these molecules have defensin-like antibacterial properties. This study set out to elucidate the functional consequences of OPN-binding to eosinophil-recruiting chemokines.
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| 44. |
- Hernroth, Bodil, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of ocean acidification on antimicrobial activity in gills of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fish and Shellfish Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1050-4648 .- 1095-9947. ; 55, s. 452-459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we aimed to investigate potential effects of ocean acidification on antimicrobial peptide (AMP) activity in the gills of Mytilus edulis, as gills are directly facing seawater and the changing pH (predicted to be reduced from ∼8.1 to ∼7.7 by 2100). The AMP activity of gill and haemocyte extracts was compared at pH 6.0, 7.7 and 8.1, with a radial diffusion assay against Escherichia coli. The activity of the gill extracts was not affected by pH, while it was significantly reduced with increasing pH in the haemocyte extracts. Gill extracts were also tested against different species of Vibrio (V. parahaemolyticus, V. tubiashii, V. splendidus, V. alginolyticus) at pH 7.7 and 8.1. The metabolic activity of the bacteria decreased by ∼65–90%, depending on species of bacteria, but was, as in the radial diffusion assay, not affected by pH. The results indicated that AMPs from gills are efficient in a broad pH-range. However, when mussels were pre-exposed for pH 7.7 for four month the gill extracts presented significantly lower inhibit of bacterial growth. A full in-depth proteome investigation of gill extracts, using LC-Orbitrap MS/MS technique, showed that among previously described AMPs from haemocytes of Mytilus, myticin A was found up-regulated in response to lipopolysaccharide, 3 h post injection. Sporadic occurrence of other immune related peptides/proteins also pointed to a rapid response (0.5–3 h p.i.). Altogether, our results indicate that the gills of blue mussels constitute an important first line defence adapted to act at the pH of seawater. The antimicrobial activity of the gills is however modulated when mussels are under the pressure of ocean acidification, which may give future advantages for invading pathogens.
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| 45. |
- Holgersson, Georg, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Increased Radiotoxicity on Survival of Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Curatively Intended Radiotherapy
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 35:10, s. 5491-5497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To elucidate the impact of different forms of radiation toxicities (esophagitis, radiation pneumonitis, mucositis and hoarseness), on the survival of patients treated with curatively intended radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Patients and Methods: Data were individually collected retrospectively for all patients diagnosed with NSCLC subjected to curatively intended radiotherapy (>= 50 Gy) in Sweden during the time period 1990 to 2000.Results: Esophagitis was the only radiation-induced toxicity with an impact on survival (hazard ratio=0.83, p=0.016). However, in a multivariate model, with clinical-and treatment-related factors taken into consideration, the impact of esophagitis on survival was no longer statistically significant (hazard ratio=0.88, p=0.17).Conclusion: The effect on survival seen in univariate analysis may be related to higher radiation dose and to the higher prevalence of chemotherapy in this group. The results do not suggest that the toxicities examined have any detrimental effect on overall survival.
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| 46. |
- Holgersson, Georg, et al.
(författare)
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The prognostic value of pre-treatment leukocytosis in patients with previously treated, stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer treated with the IGF-1R pathway modulator AXL1717 or docetaxel : a retrospective analysis of a phase II trial
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 1513-7368. ; 18:6, s. 1555-1560
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate any prognostic value of pre-treatment anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis in patients with advanced pretreated NSCLC.Methods: A randomized, multicenter phase II study comparing the IGF-1R modulator AXL with standard docetaxel in the treatment of previously treated stage IIIB or IV NSCLC patients was conducted in 2011-2013. Clinical and laboratory data were collected, including serum values for hemoglobin (Hgb), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (Plt) at baseline. These hematological parameters were studied in relation to overall survival using Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimates and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results: The median overall survival for all patients was 8.9 months. Patients with leukocytosis (WBC > 9 x 109/L) had a significantly shorter median overall survival (4.2 months) as compared with those with a WBC ≤ 9 x 109/L at baseline (12.3 months) with a corresponding of HR 2.10 (95% CI: 1.29-3.43). Patients with anemia (Hgb < 110 g/L) had a non-significant (p = 0.097) shorter median overall survival (6.1 months) as compared with their counterparts with Hgb ≤ 110 g/L at baseline (9.4 months). As for thrombocytosis (Plt > 350 x 109/L), there was no statistically significant impact on overall survival. Leukocytosis retained its prognostic significance in a multivariate model where other clinical factors such as age, sex and WHO performance status were taken into consideration (HR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.06-3.13, p = 0.029).Conclusion: Pre-treatment leukocytosis is a strong and independent prognostic marker for shorter overall survival in previously treated stage IIIB or IV NSCLC patients receiving docetaxel or AXL1717. Combined use of pre-treatment leukocytosis assessments together with established prognostic factors such as performance status could be of help when making treatment decisions in this clinical setting.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Holgersson, Georg, et al.
(författare)
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The prognostic value of pre-treatment thrombocytosis in two cohorts of patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with curatively intended chemoradiotherapy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Neoplasma (Bratislava). - Bratislava : AEPress. - 0028-2685 .- 1338-4317. ; 64:6, s. 909-915
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemoradiotherapy is the standard of care for inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This treatment, however, offers only a small chance of cure and is associated with many side effects. Little research has been made concerning which patients benefit most/least from the treatment. The present study evaluates the prognostic value of anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytosis at diagnosis in this treatment setting. In the present study, data were collected retrospectively for 222 patients from two different phase II studies conducted between 2002-2007 in Sweden with patients treated with chemoradiotherapy for stage IIIA-IIIB NSCLC. Clinical data and the serum values of hemoglobin (Hgb), White blood cells (WBC) and Platelets (Plt) at enrollment were collected for all patients and studied in relation to overall survival using Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimates and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. The results showed that patients with thrombocytosis (Plt > 350 x 109 /L) had a shorter median overall survival (14.5 months) than patients with normal Plt at baseline (23.7 months). Patients with leukocytosis (WBC > 9 x 109 /L) had a shorter median survival (14.9 months) than patients with a normal WBC at baseline (22.5 months). However, in a multivariate model including all lab parameters and clinical factors, only thrombocytosis and performance status displayed a prognostic significance. In Conclusion, thrombocytosis showed to be an independent prognostic marker associated with shorter overall survival in stage III NSCLC treated with curatively intended chemoradiotherapy. This knowledge can potentially be used together with established prognostic factors, such as performance status when choosing the optimal therapy for the individual patient in this clinical setting
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| 50. |
- Hou, Lintao, et al.
(författare)
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Lateral Phase Separation Gradients in Spin-Coated Thin Films of High-Performance Polymer: Fullerene Photovoltaic Blends
- 2011
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : Wiley. - 1616-3028 .- 1616-301X. ; 21:16, s. 3169-3175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, it is demonstrated that a finer nanostructure produced under a rapid rate of solvent removal significantly improves charge separation in a high-performance polymer: fullerene bulk-heterojunction blend. During spin-coating, variations in solvent evaporation rate give rise to lateral phase separation gradients with the degree of coarseness decreasing away from the center of rotation. As a result, across spin-coated thin films the photocurrent at the first interference maximum varies as much as 25%, which is much larger than any optical effect. This is investigated by combining information on the surface morphology of the active layer imaged by atomic force microscopy, the 3D nanostructure imaged by electron tomography, film formation during the spin coating process imaged by optical interference and photocurrent generation distribution in devices imaged by a scanning light pulse technique. The observation that the nanostructure of organic photovoltaic blends can strongly vary across spin-coated thin films will aid the design of solvent mixtures suitable for high molecular-weight polymers and of coating techniques amenable to large area processing.
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